7

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

a 3/

CONDUCTED BY _

C. G. BAliEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. McLACIlLAN, F.E.S.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SEKIES-VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

" An attempt liad been made to show the impossibility of preventing in the
long run the natural spread of insects, the futility of attempts at extermination of
well established pests, and the folly of viewing with alarm matters that had been
going on for thousands of years without very great hurt to human interests." — C.
L. Maelatt {in Presidential Address to Assoc. Ee. Entomologists, 1899).

LONDON:

GUENET AND JACKSON (Me. Yak Vooest's Successoes),

1, PATERNOSTEE ROW.

1901.

LONDON

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W.

MDCCCCI.

X\ve.ec"(r3

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XII.

[VOLUME XXXVII.]

ADDITIONS, &c., TO THE LIST OP BRITISH COLEOPTEBA
DURING 1899 AND 1900.

BY PROF. T. HUDSON BEARE, B.Sc, F.B.S.

In the December number of vol. xxxiv (1898) of this Magazine,
Mr. Champion published an account of the additions, &c., to our list
during 1898, and as several novelties have been recorded during the
past two years, and disputed points in the synonymy of others have been
cleared up, it appears advisable to summarize them into one article.

Carahus nitens, L., var. niger, Semenow. — Taken by Mr. Donisthorpe in the
New Forest in 1895 (Ent. Record, xi, p. 71).

Anchomenus quadripunetatus, De Goer. — Hitherto this species has remained,
doubtfully, in our catalogue on the authority of one specimen taken many years ago
by Mr. Bold in Northumberland. Mr. Champion has taken it in numbers near
Woking, under fallen pine needles (Ent Mo. Mag., xxxvi, pp. 202, 236).

Harpalus latus, L., v. erythrocephalus, F. — Found in numbers by Mr. W. E.
Sharp in North Wales (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 159). I took it some years ago
near Oban, and Dawson mentions it in his Geodephaga Britannica.

Phytosus nigriventris, Chevr. — Canon Fowler, in Jiis Coleoptera of the British
Islands (vol. ii, p. 170), expressed the opinion that probably this insect was identical
with P. balticux, Kraatz. Mr. Champion states (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 1) that it
is a distinct species, and gives distinguishing characters; he mentions the Chesil
Beach as its locality. Since his note was published it has been recorded from Flint-
shire, and from Hoylake, and is no doubt as widely distributed as P. balticus.

Diglotta siiiuatocollis, Muls. and Rey. — The only record of this insect given by
Canon Fowler {op. cil., ii, p. 171) is Ireland. Mr. Champion has taken it in Sheppey
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 265), and it has also been found at Weymouth and Altcar.

Stichoglossa semirufa, Er. — Taken by Mr. Harwood near Colchester by beating
oaks (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 55), an interesting addition.

Trogophlaeux anglicanus, sp. n., Sharp. — Taken in fair numbers by Mr. Keys and
Dr. Cameron on the shores of a tidal stream at Plymoutli. It seems probable that
this insect is identical with T. iinicolor, sp. n. (Fauvel), Sharp, from New Zealand,
and that it has been introduced (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 232).

Orocharea angustatus, Er. — A single specimen was taken about twelve years
ago by Mr. Piffard at Leverstock Green, Herts, at roots of rushes, in a disused clay
pit. It lias been recorded by Canon Fowler (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 286).

NtJAKT, 1901.

A [January,

Oli/tru.i flaincornis, Sturm.— Tliis insect was introduced by Mr. Rye aa O. hel-
veticus, Tourn., and stands under that name in our Catalogues, and in Canon Fowler's
•work {op. cit , iii, p. 152) ; it has been taken at Catcrham, Sandown, &e. (Ent. Mo.
Mag., XXXV, p. 159, and Ent. Record, xi, p. 136).

Olibrns affinis, Sturm.— Taken by Mr. Newbery and by Mr. Champion ; has
hitlierto been considered identical with O.particeps, Muls. (Ent. Record, xi, p. 137).

Cercyon bifenestratus, Kiist.— Taken by Mr. Newbery at Deal in 1896. Perhaps
confused in our collections with C. marinus, Thorns. (= aquaticus of British col-
lections). (Ent. Record, xi, p. 265.)

Lepfidia hrevipennis, Muls. — Mr. Newbery (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxt, p. 292)
adduces evidence to show that as this Longicorn has been taken so often, and in
such widely distributed localities, it may now be fairly considered acclimatised, and
is therefore entitled to a place in our catalogue.

Dinoderus minutus, F., D. pilifrons, Lesne, Stephanopachyss substriatus, Payk.
— Mr. Donistliorpe states (Ent. Record, xii, p. 16) that these three species have all
occurred in Great Britain (probably introduced), and have been eonfused under the
one name of D. suhstriatua, Payk.

Hypera elongata, Payk. — The old records of this species were incorrect or very
doubtful, but a specimen was taken by me near Edinburgh (Ent. Record, xi, p. 334).
Since my note in the Ent. Record, Mr. Dale has examined his insects standing under
this name and found they were not U. elongata. The species, therefore, probably
had not been taken in Great Britain before.

Anthonomus rufux, Schon. — Taken by Mr. Bennett, and afterwards by me at
Hastings, Fairlight (Eut. Record, xii, p. 159).

Ceuthorrhynehus querceti, Gyll.^ — This insect has previously been confused with
Ceuthorrhynchidius terminatus, Herbst. Mr. Champion says (Ent. Mo. Mag.,xxxv,
p. 142) that it has been captured at Horning Fen by Mr. Brewer, Mr. Edwards,
and Mr. Eliiman ; it appears always to occur in marshy places.

I'hytuhius miiricatus, Ch. Bris. — Mr. Champion states (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv,
p. 143) that this insect has hitherto probably done duty in our collections as P.
quadrinodosus, Gyll. On the other hand, Rhinoncus denticollis, Gyll., must dis-
appear from our catalogue, as it is really synonymous with Fhytobius quadrinodosus,
Gyll., and has been incorrectly included under Rhinoncus.

Aphthona nonstriata, Goeze, var. eenescens, Weise. — This variety has been taken
in Wales by Messrs. Walker and Tomlin (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 15).

Aphthona herbigrada, Cuvt., var. ?. — Mr. Champion records (Ent. Mo. Mag.,

xxxv, p. 211) the capture in Yorkshire by Mr. Chaster of an jsneous coloured variety
of this species, having more elongate antennje in the males than the type.

There are thus in the two years' work eleven undoubted additions
to the catalogue, and three others which were doubtful have been con-
firmed, while one name, Hhinoncus denticollis, disappears from the list.

Hyfophlceus linearis, Fabr , which appeared as an addition to our
list in Mr. Champion's list of 1898, has been taken by that gentleman
at Woking, a new locality (Ent. Mo. Mag, xxxv, p. 117). '1 wo other
interesting records are the captures in the New Forest (Ent. Record,
xi, p. 340) of Tropideres sepicola. P., and Ernohius abietis, F. The
former has hitherto rested on the single specimen taken by Mr. Plant

Kini.] 3

at Buddon Wood, and Canon Fowler considered the latter doubtfully
indigenous (Coleoptera Brit. Islands, vol. v, p. 193). Pacliyta seos-
maculata, Linn., has also now been taken in two fresh localities in
Scotland (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, pp. 235, 287).

It is perhaps worth noting that two old Stephensian difficulties
have been cleared up in the identification of Anomala Donovani,
Marsh., as Anomala irrorata, Blanchard, an American insect ; and of
EumoJpiis Dillwynii, Steph., as Scelodonta nitidula, Balj, a common
eastern species (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 269).

Richmond : December, 1900.

ON THE COLEOPTERA OF THE FAROE ISLANDS.
BY DB. O. M. REUTEB.

In his interesting note on Coleoptera from Iceland and the Faroe
Islands, in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxvi, pp. 253, &c , Dr. D. Sharp says
that he has been able to find only ten species recorded from the Faroe
Islands, found by Mr. Walker, 1890, and mentioned in the Entomolo-
gist for that year, pp. 374 and 375. He then enumerates 29 species,
found by Mr. Annandale.

In Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3 Esekke, 13 Bind, Dr. H. J. Hansen
of Copenhagen has already (1881) published a Faunula Insectorum
Faer(Bensium (pp. 229—278), in which are recorded 65 Coleoptera, 4
Neuroptera, 26 Hymenoptera, 15 Lepuhptera, 86 Diptera, 2 Orthoptera,
and 6 Rhynchota.

The following are the Coleoptera not enumerated by Dr. Sharp : —

Bemlidium bipunctatum and bruxellense, PteroHichus nigrita and vitreus, Ca-
lathus melanocephalm, Hi/droporus pubescens, Helophorus grancUs and aquaticus,
Hydrobius limbatus, Megasternum boletophagum, Quedius umbrimts and boops,
Othius falvipennis, Lathrobium fulvipenne , Stenus speculator and unicolor, Aleochara,
lanuginosa and mcesta,AutaUa ptmcticollis, nomalotafiingi,elongatula and circellaris,
Tachinus marginellus, Lesteva bicolor, Onialium depfanaticm and rivulare, Altageniia
pellio, Simplocaria metallica, Aphodius afer, Niptiis crenatus, Anobium molle and
domesticum, Enicmtis minutus, Cryptophagus scanicus, saginatus, dentatus, and
n. sp. ?, Atomaria apicalis, Helodes minuta, Otiorrhynchus maurus, Bargnotus
Schonherri, Tropiphorus niercurialis, Pissodes pini, Apion cruentalum,iiud. Gracilia
minuta* The insects were mostly collected in 1863 — 1868 by Di". A. Bergh.

The following nine species, enumerated by Dr. Sharp, are not
mentioned in Dr. Hansen's list : —

* AgubtM alpestris of Hansen is considered to be a variety of A. bipusitdatus.

[Januarr,

Amara aulica, Patrohus excavatus and axsimillx, Bembidium tihiale, Hydroporiis
priieostriatus, Philonthus ceneus, Lesteva Sharpi, Dermestes lardarius, Chrysomela
staphylea.

In the publication of Mr. Walker there is only one additional
species, Otiorrhynclius scahrosus.

Tlius, at the present time at least 74 or 75 CoJcoptera* are known
from the Faroe Islands. The species found before the collections
were made by Mr. Annandale are mentioned also by W. Lundbeck in
" Coleoptera et Hymenoptera Groenlandica " (Videnskabelige Med-
delelser, 189G, pp. 196—251), and by G. Jacobson in " Insecta
Novaja-Zemljensis," pp. 63 — 65 (Acta Acad. Scient. Petersb., 1898).

Helsingfors : November 5th, 1900.

ANDRENA HELVOLA, L., and AMBIGUA, Peekins.
BY THE EEV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

In the middle of May last I took near Leatherhead a number of
very fine and fresh Andrence (males and females) under circumstances
which make it impossible for me to doubt that they all belong to one
species. Among the males, however, are some which, according to
received ideas, are unquestionable specimens of heJvoIa, L., having,
together with the other characters of that species, a pretty distinct
tooth at the base of the mandible. In others, on the contrary, this
tooth is scarcely perceptible, and in some it completely disappears, so
that they cannot be distinguished from the males of A. ambigua, Per-
kins, as described by that author (Ent. Mo. Mag., .xxxi, p. 39). As
to the females I can see no reason to doubt that all are specimens of
helvola.

Unless, therefore, some reliable structural difference other than
that in the form of the ^ mandible can be pointed out between helvola,
L., and amhir/ua, Perkins, it seems at least questionable whether the
latter can be maintained as a distinct species. I do not venture to
say that it is not so, but the matter seems to require further investi-
gation. I understand that Mr. Perkins is at present out of England,
or I should have submitted my specimens to him before publishing
this note.

Bath sexes of the bee abounded on Alliaria officinalis, which was
the only plant I saw them visit.

Brunswick, Woking :

October, 1900.

* Lesteva bicolor of Hansen is probably L. f>harpi.

is»oi.] 5

TWO SAW-FLIES NEW TO BRITAIN.
BY THE REV. F. D. MOKICE, M.A., F.E.S.

Of the genus Tomostethus separated by Konow from Blennocampn,
auctt., we have, according to Cameron (Mon. iv, p. 177), five British
species. To these I can add two more — one taken by the Rev. A.
Thornley (June, 1898) near Lincoln, the other by Mr. Alfred Beau-
mont (August, 1900) at Appledore in Kent.

Mr. Thorley's capture is T. gagathinus, Klg.,cf , Mr. Beaumont's
is T. funereus^ Klg-, also a (^ . Both species are recorded in Konow's
Catalogue from " Germania, Gallia, and Suecia."

The chief distinguishing character of Tomostethus is the definition
of the apical part of the mesosternum {prcBsterna) by a distinct im-
pressed suture. Some of the species in it have a closed discoidal cell
in the inferior wing, others none. Both the present species belong
to the former of these groups, and are very nearly allied to each
other. Their descriptions will be found on the same page (213) of
" Hymenoptera Scandinavise," where 14, B. gagathina, follows 13, B.
funerea.

Both are black and shining, with dusky wings and yellow tibia?. Funereun has
the femora and tarei also yellow, only its coxse and trochanters being black. In
gagathinus the apices of the femora are yellow, but their bases black ; and the tarsi
are fuscous. Gagathinus has also shorter and heavier looking antennse ; and its
tempora are margined below, which is not the case in funeretis. (This last is a
difficult character to see, but an important one for separating species in the JBlenno-
campidce).

Thomson further distinguishes gagathinun by its " almost interstitial " trans-
verse marginal nervure. It might be called so in the specimen before me, but I
must own I see very liitle difference as to the position of this nervure in the two
species.

Both insects have a well marked " horny spot " in the second cubital cell, so
that neither of them can be identified with the species which Mr. Cameron formerly
called micans, but now hrachycera. (That species is known to me only in his
description).

Woking : December, 1900.

ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA IN DUMBARTONSHIRE.
BY J. R. MALLOCn.

During the last two seasons I have been collecting Hi/jnenoptera
Aculeata in the Bonhill district, with the purpose of forming a list to
be published next year in the Handbook that is to be issued to mark
tTie Brit. Assoc. Meeting in Glasgow. Mr. Dalglish, of Glasgow, has

6 [Janiiavy,

also been collecting the bees, and between us we have turned up quite
a few good species, and some that are new to Scotland. My co-worker
has been fully as successful as I ; and although we have had only the
short space of two years to make up the list we have reached the total
of 102 species, and may possibly find some few more additions with
the assistance of friends or older records. Among the species that
are w^orth noticing are the following : —

Salius fuscus, Linn. — Not uncommon at Arrochar, Maj and June, 1899. S.
parvulus, Dahlb. — This species was abundant at Levenside Moor in June, 1899, but
was much scarcer tliis year ; it occurs with Andrena analis.

Ceropales maculata, Fabr. — Levenside Moor, Bonhill, 1900, scarce.

Crabro palmipeSjlAnn. — This species was very abundant, being even commoner
than cribrarius, on the hillsides ; it was met with almost everywhere in sandy banks,
C. varius, Lep. —Not so common as the preceding, but met with at Levenside
Moor and Bonhill, 1899-1900. C. dimidiatm, Fab. — One specimen flying along an
old wall on Dumbarton Road.

J'espa atcstriaca, Panz. — Have taken this species at Bonhill, 1879, and possess
a specimen taken near Paisley, 1899.

Odynerus~trimarginatus, Zett.— This species occurred on an old wall on Leven-
side Moor, Bonhill, in July and August, but was not common.

Sphecodes hi/alitmtus, Schenck. — Jamestown and Bonhill, scarce. S. variegatus,
Y. Hag. — Levenside Moor and Bonhill, scarce.

Andrena fucata, Smith. — Occurred near Jamestown, not uncommonly, flying
about hawthorn hedges at the end of May. A.fascipes, Kirby. — One S > 1899, and
several "^ s, August, 1900, on Levenside Moor ; flying on the heath. A. analis,
Panz. — A very common species ; burrowing in the moorland paths, Levenside
Moor, &c.

Nomada obtusifrons, Nyl. — One specimen, 1899, and several more, 1900, Leven-
side Moor and Jamestown. N. borealis, Zett. — Scarce; one at sallows, 1899, and
two more at dandelion flowers, 1900, Bonhill.

Dillichip Terrace, Bonhill, N. B. :
October 2Uh, 1900.

ACULEATE HYMENOPTBRA IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND.

BT ANDREW ADIE DALOLISH, F.E.S.

During the last two years, whenever the weather permitted, I
have devoted a great amount of my time in collecting the Aculeata ;
the principal object being to assist Mr. J. K. Malloch with the list
which he is compiling for the occasion of the British Association's
visit to Glasgow in 1901. It is an extremely interesting group, and I
am afraid my favourite Order, the Lrpidoptera, has been somewhat
neglected during these two years.

1901.] 7

To Mr. Edward ISauuders, F.L.S., I am indebted for the identi-
ficatiou of the greater portion of my captures, all the specimens
having gone through his hands. I have already had the occasion of
personally thanking Mr. Saunders, when he spent an afternoon with
me in Glasgow, but must also embrace this opportunity of again
expressing my gratitude, not only for the identification of my captures,
but for the very great interest which he has undoubtedly taken in the
matter.

The weather during these two seasons, as every one knows, has
not been of the finest description, but full advantage was taken of
the intervening fine days ; and I am not altogether displeased at the
result. The following is a list of the principal captures : —

Fompilus Ktiguicularis, Thorns.— One $ on flower heads of yarrow, King's
Cross, Arran, August 18th.

Oxyhelus uniglumin, Linn. — Several near Irvine, June 30th to July 22nd, on
wild carrot. O. mandibularis, Dhlb. — Earo, near Irvine, July l-ith, on similar
plant (three spocimens).

Odynerus spinipes, Linn. — One S, Dundonald, July 14th. Mr. Anderson
Fergusson also brought me from Barr 2 (J s and a ? .

Prosopis brevicornis, Nyl. — One ^ and four ? s, Irvine. July 22nd.

Halicius tumKlorum, Linn. — da very common at King's Cross, on knapweed,
August 15th.

Andrena Cetii, Sehr.--One $ swept from birch, and two ? s on scabious, Aug.
4th — 8th, at King's Cross.

Nomada ochrostoma, Kirb. — One ? , Barr, Ayrshire, in 1898, Mr. Anderson
Fergusson. N. Fabriciana, Linn. — One, King's Cross, August 13th, near burrows
of Andrena Q-wynana.

Epeolus productus, Thorns.— One specimen, Irvine Moor, July 8th, 1899 ; and
another at same locality, July 22nd last ; this little species will doubtlessly be
parasitic on Colletes montanus.

I can find no previous Scotch record for any of the above. The
following are rare in Scotland, but have all been recorded : —

Fompilus xpissus, Schiodte. — One J , Dundonald, Ayrshire, July 14th.

Crabro tibialis. Fab. — One S , Dundonald, swept from birch, July 14th.

Colletes montanus, Mor. — This species, which I had the luck to add to the
British list last year, and which was described by Mr. Saunders, ante vol. xxxv,
p. 262, I again found this season very commonly from June 30th to July 22nd, at
Irvine.

Andrena cineraria, Linn. — One ? taken by the late Mr. Geo. W. Ord at
Strathbano, June, 1899, and a S from Pirnmill Arran, June this year, by Mr. A.
Fergusson.

Nomada obtusifrons, Nyl. — One c? and five ? s at King's Cross, Arran, on
August 13th, at a spot where Andrena coitana was abundant.

Bombus Jonellus, Sm.— One ?, Irvine Moor, July 8th, 1899; Luss, June 2nd,

[January,

1900; and King's Cross, August ISth. B. xoroensis, Fab. —One $ , Barr, Ayrshire,
July, 18'J9; one (?, Kilkerran, September 15th, and $ s from Dundonald, July 14th ;
and Kilsyth, September 8th this year.

Mr, Anderson Fergusson has kindly permitted me to record the
specimens taken by him.

21, Princess Street, Pollokshields :
November, 1900.

CORSICAN ANTS, &c.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.

Last summer (May to October, 1899) I spent in Corsica, and the
greater part of the time 1 had lodgings in Ucciani, which is about 19
miles from Ajaccio, at an altitude of about 1250 feet ; it was in this
district that the undermentioned insects were obtained. I am very
much indebted to Mr. E. Saunders for naming the specimens.

Camponotus maculatus, Fab. Leptothorax tuhervm, Fab.

(r. athiops, Latr.). (r. Nylanderi, Foerst.).

lateralis, Oliv. angttatulus, Nyl.

pubescens, Fab. Myrmica rubra, Linn.
Colobopsis truncata, Spin. (r. scabrinodix, Nyl.).

Lasius emarginatus, Olir. Cardiocondyla sp. 1 $ .

fiavus, De Gear. Ajjhcenoy aster barhara, Linn.
Playiolepis pygmcea, Latr. testaceopilosa, Luc.

Bothriomyrmex meridional is, Roger. Pheidole megacephala. Fab.

Tapinoma erralieum, Latr. SoJenopsis fugax, Latr.

Cremasiog aster gcutellaris, Oliv.

The large species of the above began to sestivate in June and
remained in that condition until the rains appeared in September, the
smaller species were obtained by beatinir, mostly from Arhufns, which
is the prevailing shrub uf the island. It may be also interesting to
note that on May 11th and following days I observed Aplicenocjaster
testaceopilosa in several localities robbing weaker nests of their pupjE,
I presume to strengthen their own,^as do Formica rufa and Myrmica
rubra in England.

I also obtained two species of Mutilla, viz., maura and viduata,
and three of Scolia ; S.Jlavifrons, Fab , was abundant on the flowers
of a large thistle at Campoloro, near Ajaccio, two or three often
occurring on one flower ; the other two I captured were smaller
species, viz., qiuidripunctata and unifasciata.

Saltash : September lOth, 1900.

1901.] 9

NOTES ON BKITISH TRYPETIDM, WITH ADDITIONS TO THE LIST.
BY KALPH C. BRADLEY.

Records of Trypetidce appear so seldom, and the insects are, with
one or two exceptions, so uncommon, that a few remarks about them
may prove acceptable, especially, as during the last season, several
interesting species have been taken.

The additions. Tephritis {Oxyna) elongatula, Lw., a pair swept in a field at
Swanage, August 29th. T. ruralis, Lw., one ? taken June 29th, 1898, New Forest.

The next two, although not in the list, have been exhibited and recorded by
myself. RhacochlcBna toxoneura, Lw., one ? on window, Sutton Coldfield, May
22nd, 1897 ; this has not apparently been taketa again. Tephritis tessellata, Lw.,
one $ taken in July, 1894, New Forest ; Mr. Wainwright and myself came across
this species on a visit to West Runton, Norfolk ; seven specimens.

In the same district we found Trypeta cornuta, F., commonly on the heads of
a Centaurea ; it is a lovely green insect when alive, but unfortunately fades to a
dirty drab when dead — this was new to us. T. tussilaginis, P., and T. bardance,
Schrk., were fairly common, and Mr. Wainwright was lucky enough to get a (J
Spilographa alternata, Fin.

Urophora solstitialis, L., occurred ; and Tephritis vespertina, Lw., and Sphe-
nella marginata, Fin., were common.

Ensina sonchi, L., fell to the sweeping net, and I also met with it at Bourne-
mouth, and later on two specimens on sunflowers in my garden at Moseley. Urellia
stellata, Fues., a few at West Runton, I afterwards found it more commonly at
Bournemouth, and, like the previous species, found it in a field a few days later
close to my house. These two are recorded, I believe, for the first time in the
Midlands.

Urellia eluta, Mg. : this is in italics in Mr. Verrall's list. Mr. Wainwright
took a single ? at West Runton, and he has also met with Trypeta onotrophes at
Selsby and Sutton Coldfield.

Tephritis absinthii, F., three specimens of this fell to my share at Bourne-
mouth in August (two males, one female).

The genus Carphotricha seems very rare ; last year I captured a J guttulans,
Mg., in my garden, July 26th, 1899, and this year Mr. Martineau swept a $ pupil-
lata, Fin., at Solihull.

Many of these little gems used only to be obtained by systematic sweeping, and
it behoves one when examining the contents of the net not to throw the debris away
hastily, as the little creatures seem stunned, and it is frequently four or five
minutes before some of them recover suflBciently to crawl up the net.

Coleopterists must come across these little spotted and banded winged flies in
their sweeping excursions, and I should be glad if any collectors would kindly
forward them to me, by this means increasing our knowledge of the distribution of
this interesting group, and possibly adding to our list.

Lyndhurst, Mayfield Road,

Moseley, Birmingham :
Decembtr, 1900.

10 [January,

ATHERIX CRASSIPES, Meio. : A NEW BRITISH DIPTERaN.
BY n. W. ANDKEWS, F.E.S.

While collecting in July last near Ticehurst in Sussex, I took
half a dozen specimens of a Dipteron which Mr. Verrall has since
kindly identified for me as Atherix crassipes, Meig., an addition to the
British list ; he also tells me that there are only a few European
records for this species. My specimens were taken flying among
some small alder bushes on the banks of the River Rother, and had I
known what it was I was catching, I could have taken a considerably
longer series, as it was not at all uncommon in that particular locality.

9, Victoria Road, Eltham :
November, 1900.

Merodon equestris. Fab. — It may be of some interest to note that I found in a
newly erected house near Saltash thirteen dead specimens of Merodon equestris,
six S and seven $ ; on making enquiries I ascertained that the owner had purchased
at a sale room in the town a parcel of imported bulbs, that he deposited them in a
glass cupboard for a time ; while there the larvae left the bulbs, turned to pupse, and
the flies duly emerged. Not knowing this Dipterous fly, I sent them to Mr.
Coryndon Matthews for identification ; he kindly named them, and remarked that
he had taken several specimens in his garden at Ernie Wood, near Ivybridge, mostly
in one season, and that they varied in colour as much as those I found. These flies
are thickly covered with short stiff hairs on the thorax and abdomen, and may be
mistaken for small bumble-bees ; four represent in colour Bombus venustus, and one
a $ lapponicus, the other eight are rather mixed in colours for good comparison, for
no two are quite alike.— G. C. Bignell, Home Park Road, Saltash, Cornwall:
November \2th, 19U0.

Correction concerning Erebia glacialis. — I should like to correct a couple of
lines on p. 292, vol. xxxvi. What I believe I said was that the insects shown were
very close to the form called melas from Campiglio. This was at one time
supposed to be melas, but was proved by Calberla to be glacialis. — T. A. Chapman,
Betula, Reigate : December 3rd, 1900.

Notes on Lepidoptera from Staffordshire. — I have taken one specimen of Vanessa
C-album here this season ; it is a great rarity in these parts. Of Colias Edusa I
have seen one. Acherontia Atropos has been plentiful in the larva state. Macro-
glossa stellatarum has occurred all through the summer ; I took the last at rest in
my hall on October 22nd. On July 22iid I took at light a nice specimen of
Xylophasia scolopacina ; it is, I believe, the second ever taken in the county.
On August 19th I captured one Apamea fibrosa at sugar, being the second that I
have secured here. I have found this year that Hadena contigua feeds on larch in
the wild state ; Mr. Woodforde beat one larva from it last year, but we both thought
that the larva had fallen from an overhanging birch ; I beat out two this year, very
late in the season, from an entirely isolated small larch. — Richard Freer, Church
Street, Rugeley, Staffordshire: November, 1900.

1901. J 11

Leucania vitellina, L. oXhipuncta , Laphijgma exigua, Heliothis armigera, ^c, in
South Devon. — On August 24th last I left home to have nearly three weeks in South
Devon, in company with my friend Mr. J. Jiiger, of London. Our special object
was to take Leucania vitellina, L. albipuncta, and Laphygma exigua. A South
Devon friend had suggested a locality which he thought would be likely to produce
these species, though that particular bit of ground had never previously been sugared ;
and during our stay he frequently joined us in our work. Unfortunately the season
was a late one, and the best work was done after I left on September 12th. Mr.
Jager remained acme days after me, and our friend continued to sugar into the early
days of October. Of the three species only L. albipuncta seemed to be out at the
time of our arrival, and of it I took one the first time I sugared, on August 25th.
One night the following week, the only nigiit during my stay in which the atmospheric
conditions were really satisfactory, I took five, but it was tlie sole occasion on which
more than odd specimens occurred to us. L. exigua I did not take until the end of
our second week, but a few days after I left Mr. Jiiger captured as many as five one
evening ; and still later it occurred even more freely to our friend. L. vitellina did
not turn up at all during my stay, but Mr. Jager was fortunate enough to take it a
few days later, and from that time to the first week in October a fair number were
captured, mostly in fine condition, and one of them " as red as the red form of
albipuncta." Thanks to the generosity of my friend, a nice representative set of it,
as well as of L. exigua, now grace my own cabinet. L. vitellina comes early to
sugar, almost as soon as dusk comes on ; it is very skittish, and requires careful
boxing. Our experience with L. exigua was altogether contrary to Mr. Woodforde's
('■/. Barrett's British Moths, vol. v, p. 274). With us it also came early, and was
practically over by 9 o'clock ; and it only came in numbers on calm, dark, warm
nights, being scarcely seen during strong wind, or late, the latter being the condition
in wliich Mr. Woodforde took it. But, unlike L. vitellina, when once on the sugar
there is no further trouble with it, as it sits perfectly quiet, and will not be frightened
off. It deposits its eggs freely, and Mr. Jager, our friend, and myself, all now have
larvse feeding from the captured moths. During this time, too, a few fine Heliothis
armigera occurred, and probably it has not often happened to one collector to take
L. vitellina, L. albipuncta, L. exigua, and H. armigera on one — and the first —
" round " of his sugar, as occurred to our friend on September 16th ! To proceed
to more ordinary species, Colias Edusa was abundant everywhere on the many miles
of coast we explored, and any number might have been taken ; a few of its variety,
Helice, occurred with it, but of C. Hyale we never saw a specimen, though we con-
stantly kept a sharp look out for it. The other butterflies included a single late
Argynnis Paphia, Vanessa lo, Atalanta, and cardui, in plenty ; and Lyccena agestis,
alexis, argiolus, and Adonis in smaller numbers. Macroglossa stellatarum flew about
flowers, but was scarce ; CalUgenia miniata and Lithosia caniola occurred, but the
latter, although it had been unusually common in the district, was then practically
over. The same remark applies to Leucania putrescens, though it turned up still in
fine condition at ray sugar on August 25th. Stilbia anojyiala was plentiful in one
spot, and of it quite a number of females were taken at sugar, but singularly not a
single male appeared at the sweets, though on the wing common enough. One of
the most abundant Noctuoe was certainly Caradrina am'iigua, which continued, and
in good condition, all through our visit. A fine form of Noctua neglecta was fairly

\2 [January,

common ; and a single large female Aplecta occulta was taken. Bryophila glandifera
was still not uncommon on walls, and had previously been very plentiful and vari-
able. Other Noctu(B included Hydrxcia nictitans, Heliophohus popularis (very dark),
Miana furuncida, Agrotis puta, segetum, and saucia, all in fine variety, A. suffasa,
TryvhcBna fimbria, Noctua glareosa, N. rubi, Cosmia diffinis, C. affinis, Folia chi, P.
JlavociTicta, Epunda lichenea, E. lutulenta, and Plusia festucce. The numbers of
second brood specimens of Acronycta rumicis, Mamestra hrassicae, Hadena nle-
racea, &c., were, to a northerner, a striking feature. A single Thyatira batis occurred
on September 8th, probably also a second brood specimen. Of Geometnv, one of the
most noticeable, from its abundance, was Acidalia promutata : it occurred commonly
on walls wherever we went, and as we sat in our sitting room with open windows,
after we came in at night, was constantly about our large lamp, and in greater plenty
than any other species. Melanippe yaliata nearly equalled it in numbers, followed
by Eubolia bipunctaria and Anaitis plagiata. Other species were Acidalia subscri-
ceaia, Aspilates citraria, Eupithecia centaureata, E. pumilata (plentiful at sugar),
Melanippe rivata, Phibalapterya lijnata, &c. Before our arrival several Anticlea
sinuata had been taken, surely making a new locality (if not county) for this local
species. The smaller moths included Spilodes sticticalis, Scopxda ferrugalis, in
abundance, Scoparia angustea, Phycis carbonariella, Crambus geniciilellus, &c. A
good variety of the genus Depressaria also came to the sugar, among which AlstroB-
meriella, rotundella, and Douglasella were noticed.

Some time was devoted to other Orders, and among the dragon-flies, the in-
teresting ^schna mixta was plentiful in one spot of marshy ground, having a wide
stream running through it. But although Mr. Jiiger and myself spent a good por-
tion of one fine morning over it, and when we frequently saw four or five at one
time, neither of us managed to catch one, nor did we ever see one settle. The only
one secured, a fine specimen, was taken by a boy and brought to us. On the same
ground Sympeirum sirinlatum was abundant, with a few Inchnura elegans. Odd
specimens of one or two other species were seen on the wing, but their identity is
doubtful. Of PloAiipennia and Trichop>tey a, Chrysopa flavifrons, C. vulgaris, C.
aspersx, Limnophilus affinis, and L. lunatus were all common at sugar; by which
means also the following five species of Orthoptera were attracted. Forficula auri-
cularia in pi-ofusion as usual ; Leptophyes functatissima, common ; Locusta viridis-
sima, fairly so ; Meconema varimn and Ectobia Panzeri, several of each ; Stenobothrus
hicolor and S. parallelus were both abundant ; and Xiphidium dorsale was not un-
common in the marsh previously referred to. Of Diptera, a pair of the fine
Asilus crabroniformis were captured.— Geo. T. Poreitt, Crosland Hall, near
Huddersfield : November 10th, 1900.

Lepidoptera in Anglesea. — I spent my holiday this year about two miles from
Holyhead. During my stay, June 2l8t to July 10th, the weather was most incle-
ment ; I cannot imagine a worse three weeks for the time of the year. It rained
nearly every day, accompanied by a stiff S.W. breeze ; so the following list is by no
means indicative of the resources of the locality. The night flyers were all taken at
white campion, which was very abundant. I did no sugaring, for if there had been
anything but stone walls to sugar, I am sure 1 should never have kept my lamp alight.

ifloi.] 13

The following is a list of insects taken : — Lyccena Alexis (common everywhere),
L. ^gon (very common in one locality), Chcerocampa porcellus (common), Sesia
pJiila.nthiformis (locally plentiful), Dianthcecia capsincola and D. conspersa (buff
forms), Caradrina morpheus, C. cuhicularis, Chariclea umbra, Hadena dentina, Cucul-
lia umhratica (in swarms), Mawesira albicolon, Hecatera serena, Agrotis porphyrea,
Noctua plecta, Melanippe galiata, Emmelesia decnlorata (large and strongly marked),
EuhoUa, palumharia, Pseudoterpna pruinata {cytisaria), Acidalia promutaia, A.
scutulata, Eupithecia venosata and E. nanata, Anaitis plagiata, Ennychia cingulata,
Platyptilia ochrodactylus, Pempelia palumhella, HomcBosoma nebulella, and Phycis
subornatella (very common). — KiCHABD Feeek, Church Street, Rugeley : Nov. 1900.

Autumnal notes from Seaton, Devon. — About the third decade of October, I
began to take steps for recording the latest dates on which certain species of insects
could be found here this season. The following are some of the results of my
observations : —

October 25th. — Epinephile Janira, 1 <? , seen on the sea shore at Seaton Hole ;
also the last of Pieris rapoe.

November 1st. — Macroglossa stellatarum ; 2nd, Chrysophanus Pldceas and Steno-
pteryx hybridalis ; 6th, Sympetrum, striolatum ; 9th, Colias Edusa, rav. Helice, in
prime condition : all near the sea shore. 13tli, saw a Vanessa lo flying in the village
of Seaton at noon ; another was brought to me from a beetroot bed on the 14th,
which was rather torpid in the morning, but flew away afterwards. 15th, a newly
emerged $ of C. Edusa was drying its wings near a clump of Lotus corniculatus on
the cliff, about 11 a.m. ; I secured the pupal slough, which was within an inch or
two of the fly. The imago was brightly coloured, and continued to haunt the
environs of its birthplace, with another individual of the same sex, until the fore-
noon of the 19th inst. Then came a frost, and they were seen no more. 18th, the
last day of V. Atalanta on ivy-bloom, at Seaton Hole ; a week later, Vespa vulgaris,
5 , was there still— doubtless from a well sheltered nest; for the inmates of another
community in an open situation at the foot of the cliffs, retired from business quite
ten days earlier — A. E. Eaton, Woodlands, Seaton, Devon: November 26th, 1900.

P.S. — 7. Atalanta was seen again yesterday. — A. E. E. : November 2Sth, 1900.

An unrecorded example of Cloantha perspicillaris from the New Forest. — I
have a specimen of Cloantha perspicillaris taken in a garden in the New Forest in
1873 by Lady Florence Herbert, sister of Lord Pembroke ; it has not hitherto been
recorded. — C. W. Dale, Glanvilles Wootton : November, 1900.

Netu differentia of Agrotis tritici and nigricans. — In consequence of diverse
opinions as to the species of an insect which belongs to me, and which, from pre-
sumably melanic influences, is quite black, without any mark on the fore-wings, I
was led to make a minute examination, in order to satisfy myself as to its identity,
it being admitted one of the above two species.

The only things distinguishable are the stigmata (which ai-e the same dull black
as the rest of the wing, and without outline) ; they are, however, enclosed in a
black velvety wedge-shaped sti-euk, the base of which is beyond the reniform, and

14 [January,

its sharp point extends into the angle formed by the median and subcostal nervures,
enveloping both stigmata, rendering them conspicuous, and is almost identical with
the streak enclosing the stigmata of agaihina.

The stigmata in nigricans are in contact with two quadrate black spots, the one
nearest the base being between the first transverse line and the orbicular, and the
other a rhomboidal black spot between the orbicular and reniform stigmata. There
is not anything in the nature of a streak or a point. As the pointed streak is
constant in the ordinary forms of tritici, there is no doubt that my melanic specimen
belongs to that species, but there is not any other feature observable by which it can
be identified. — Ben. Blaydes Thompson, 6, Benson Road, Forest Hill, S.E. :
November, 1900.

Macrogaster arundinis in Norfolk. — I well remember the interest which this
species — perhaps the most singular and pronounced type of fen insect — excited in
my mind when I first began to turn attention to fen collecting, and the delight with
which I secured my first specimens at Wicken, in June, 1873. One of these was a
$ , and laid me eleven eggs, which Mr. Barrett turned out for me at Ranworth,
inserting each separately at the axil of a leaf of reed. Nothing more was seen of
them, till in August, 1878, Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher took two specimens on the very
spot where these were turned out. Naturally we concluded that these were de-
scendants of the ova turned out (by the way, the larva is said to take from two to
three years to feed up ; in the former case living through the winter and appearing
in June, and in the latter — far more rarely — pupating in the second summer, and
coming out in August, so that these might conceivably be a second generation from
our ova. I give this statement on the authority of the late T. Brown, of Cam-
bridge, but I know of no reason to doubt it). The spot has been repeatedly
worked since, occasionally in June, and constantly in August, but no more M. arun-
dinis have been seen.

What, then, was my surprise at taking a single specimen this year (August) in
the Hickling Fens ! It seems inconceivable that the brood introduced at Ranworth
should have remained invisible there for 20 years, and yet sufiiciently plentiful not
only to keep up the stock, but to extend its borders to so far remote a spot, leaving
no traces between.

Of course, till we have fresh details of collecting in the Hickling district the
whole must remain as an unsolved problem, but it certainly looks as if somewhere
in that locality there existed a colony of this very interesting species. It is very
strongly attracted by light, and a little persistent work through the district from
June to August would soon give us some data by which to settle the question.

It is curious that both these Norfolk captures were in August ; whereas in
Wicken not one out of twenty would be taken in that month : the time being from
the beginning of June to the first week of July.- — F. D. Wheelee, Paragon House
School, Norwich : October, 1900.

[In the Ent. Record, x, p. 231 (1898), Mr. Percy C. Reid, of Kelvedon, notices
the capture of three specimens of M. arundinis at light, on August Uth, at " a
very considerable distance from Ranworth." — Eds.]

1901.] 15

Scottish Aculeates. — I am glad Mr. Malloch has called attention (Nov., 1900, p.
264) to Mr. Peter Cameron's Clydesdale record of Vespa arbor ea, Smith (now re-
garded as identical with Vespa aa-s^rjaea, Panzer), of which I was not previously aware.
Mr. Cameron, I find, has also recoi'ded Nomada flavoguttata from two localities in
Inverness-shire, namely, Q-len Shiel and Kingussie (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow,
ii, p. 294, and iii, p. 90), and I regret to see I have stupidly put Crahro chrysostomus
into the first part of my note (p. 265), instead of the second (for I was well
aware of Mr. Service's record in his Dumfries list), so that my records of these two
species also are not the first for Scotland. I am now able, however, to add to my
list Salius parvtdus, Dhlb., from Aberfoyle. Mr. Saunders' remarks (pp. 266-7)
on Sutherlandsbire examples of Passaloecus monilicornis have led me to re-submit
to him my supposed P. gracilis (which has, as he pointed out when he first saw it,
tlie labrum black, but the prothoracic tubercles white), and he now considers it a
variety of P. monilicornis. — William Evans, 38, Morningside Park, Edinburgh :
November 9th, 1900.

Spathitis exaratus, L., parasitic on Anobium domesticum, Fourc. — Some six
years ago, when I was in Armagh, I found that Anobium domesticum had attacked
the suppoi-ting pillar of a large rosewood table that stood in my drawing room. I
applied carbolic acid to the burrows of the beetles, and the attack seemed to
cease. Last year Mrs. Johnson brought me a Braconid, and asked me if it would
be attacking the table, as tlie burrows were showing afresh, and she had caught
this insect running about on the pillar. My first impression was that the Braconid
was there by accident, but tlie appearance of others proved the reverse. We cap-
tured some, and I put them by, intending to make enquiries, but forgot all about
them till Mrs. Johnson brought me more specimens last month which she had caught
in the same place, viz., on the pillar of the table. I was convinced then that they
were attacking the Anobium, and not knowing anything about the tribe sent them
to Mr. E. Saunders, who very kindly forwarded them to Mr. Claude Morley, to
whom I am indebted for the determination of the species. As the creature was
doing BO good a* work I did not interfere further than to take the few specimens
referred to. It seems to enter the burrows of the Anobinm, but whether it attacks
the beetle or its larva of course I had no means of determining, as the table is quite
too valuable to excavate ; however, there are lots of Anobium, so perhaps I may get
an opportunity with some less valuable wood. — W. F. Johnson, Acton Glebe,
Poyntzpass : October 13th, 1900.

Astatus stigma, Panz., and other Aculeate Hymenoptera, Sfc, on the Lincoln-
shire coast. — On June 30th last I spent a couple of hours in collecting Hymenoptera
and Diptera on the coast at Skegness ; the exact spot being a small expanse of
sandy ground, partly overgrown with bushes of sea-buckthorn {Hippopha'e rham-
noides) and maritime grasses, with a few tufts of bird's-foot trefoil {Lotus cornicu-
latus), &c., and situated immediately behind the aand-hills a few yards north of the
pier. Here the ground literally swarmed with Pompilus plumbeus, Fab., accompanied
by a few P. gibbus. Fab. ; and of rare species I took a fine male of Astatus stigma,
Panz., and two specimens of Tachytes unicolor, Panz. Flying about their burrows,
and visiting the flowers of the bird's-foot trefoil, were numbers of Megachile

10 (January,

circumcincta, Lop. ; their parasite, CaeUoxyn simplex, Nyl., was also fairly common.
Among otiier species taken were Tachytes pectinipes, Linn., Oxybelus iiniglumis,
Linn., Crahro Wesmaeli, V. de Lind., and C. peltarius, Schreb., Andrena nigrocenea,
Kirb., &c.

A subsequent visit to the same spot on July 18th yielded Pompilus rufipes,
Linn., Prosopis communis, Nyl., and P. brevicornis, Nyl., Sphecodes subquadratus,
Sm., Halictus rubicundus, Christ, and H. morio, Fab., Andrena albicrus, Kirb., and
A. nana, Kirb.

Among the Diptera taken may be mentioned Fhilonicus albiceps, Stratiomys
chameleon, NemoteJus tdiginosus, and Chloromyia formosa. The beautiful silvery
Thereva annulata was abundant all over the sand-hills.

My best thanks are due to the Rev. A. Thornley, who examined all my speci-
mens, and is responsible for the idenlifications.— J. W. Caer, University College,
Nottingham : November 5th, 1900.

Andrena Hattorfiana, Fab., and Nomada armata, H.-Schff., near Oxford. —
On June 19th last my friend Mr. W. Holland gave me a Nomada which he had
found clinging to a flower of the Bugloss {Echium vulgare) the previous evening
near Tubney, Berks, on the Wantage Road, which lies about seven miles west of the
city, and which we identified as Nomada armata (subsequently confirmed by Mr.
Ed. Saunders). This notable capture made me long to visit the locality on the first
opportunity, feeling certaiii that if N. armata was there, Andrena Hattorfiana would
be also. So that it was with no small amount of pleasure that I started on July
8th to look for both species, in which I am glad to say I was in no way disappointed,
for no sooner had I arrived on the ground than N. armata was netted, and then
directly after A. Hattorfiana also ; patient work for several hours resulted in a very
fine series of the sexes of both species. A. Hattorfiana was taken flying persistently
to the flowers of the small white clover (Trifollum repens), with an occasional visifc
to a small yellow composite {Crepis virens), though the peculiar colour of the pollen
on two or three $ s point to their having gathered it from Knaiitia arvensis, as it
was exactly like that being collected from that plant by several ? s captured on August
I2th, near Dawlish, S. Devon. It has peculiarities not common to the genus, in that
when first alighting on a flower it holds its abdomen almost vertically, showing
conspicuously the bright golden hairs on the apical segments, which gives it a very
singular appearance ; and in its site for nidification it did not choose the bare spots,
but simply burrowed amongst the herbage in a more or less solitary way, and was
not gregarious, like labialis, humilis, and others of the genus. Two specimens of
the red variety of the ? were taken, and several cJs also show traces of the same
colour at the apices of the first and second abdominal segments.

N. armata, though not so abundant as its host, was not at all rare, frequenting
the same flowers and place, but seemed far more " skittish " than is usual with most
species of Nomada, flying off with great rapidity on the least alarm. It varied
but little in colour, and only a trifle in size.

A further visit to the same spot a week after (July 15th) only resulted in four
A. Hattorfiana and one N. armata being taken, and this after several hours' search,
so that one is inclined to think that both species were almost over, a result no doubt
hastened by the hot and brilliant weather prevailing at the time. — A. H. Hamm,
22, Southfield Road, Oxford : November, 1900.

1001.] I^y

Rare Aculeate Hymenoptera at Hailing, Kent. — Daring the past season, ac-
companied by my friend Mr. H. Lamb, I had a few hours' collecting on tiie Chalk
Downs at Upper Hailing. This locality, which was new to us, is situated about
seven wiles north-west of Maidstone, and four and a half miles south-west of
Rochester, proved to be rich in rare Aculeates

On our first visit, June 5th, we took Crahro Uturatux, Panz., ? , flying about a
wooden fence ; Sphecodes spinulostcs, v. Hag., ? , off some rough ground on the
hill side; Osmia leucolemana, Kirb., O. aurulenta, Panz, Nomada ochrostoma,
Kirb. ; Andrena proxima, Kirb., a not uncommon species in several localities on the
chalk hills near Maidstone, occurred on hawthorn blossom and wood spurge ; No-
mada fiavoguttata, Kirb., was in company with it on the spurge ; Ceratiyia cyanea.
Fab., (7 and ? , on the Burnet rose, and in August I saw a ? in the head of a
thistle, but failed to secure it ; Andrena chrysosceles, Kirb., occurred on the hedge
parsley ; Osmia bicolor, Schrk., ? , Halictus IfBvigatus, Kirb., ? , were fairly
abundant on white beam blossom, and the $ of the latter species on ragwort in the
autumn.

In August a single specimen each of Pompilus {Evagethes) bieofor, Lep., ? ,and
Salius obtusiventris, Sehiodte, ? ; Andrena denticulata, Kirb., in fair numbers, to-
gether with a few specimens of Nomada alternata, Kirb., and N. solidaginis, Panz.,
were obtained off ragwort ; Prosopis dilatata, Kirb., ? , from the head of a musk
thistle ; several males of Cilissa melanura, Nyl., were taken, flying close to the
ground amongst the plants of a large patch of Bartsia odontites, and some females
early in September, whilst collecting pollen from its blossoms, C. leporina, Panz.,
occurred in a lucerne field ; C. hcemorrhoidalis. Fab., on harebells, and Sphecodes
pvncticeps. Thorns., on corn camomiles ; Halictus quadricinctus , Fab., was plentiful
on knapweed ; H. xantkopus, Kirb., on the flowers of the hoary ragwort.

I was also fortunate enough to take a <? of Halictus maculatus, Smith ; this is,
I believe, the first record of the capture of the <? in Britain. Mr. E. Saunders was
kind enough to confirm my determination of this species. — Herbert Elgar, Upper
Frant Road, Maidstone : December, 1900.

Bembex rostrata, Linn., in Jersey. — Can any reader of this Magazine tell me if
this fine fossoi'ial Aculeate has ever been recorded from the Channel Islands ? I
have a specimen, with oi'iginal label still attached, which I captured in Jersey in
August, 1873. I do not mean to suggest that the occurrence of the species in the
Channel Islands entitles it to a place on the British list. — William Evans, 38,
Morningside Park, Edinburgh : November 9th, 1900.

Blacus armatulus, Ruthe, near Ipswich. — Referring to my friend Mr. Beau-
mont's record of Blacus armatulus, new to Britain, in Kent in 1900,1 may mention
that it is probably a common species in dead bracken and other refuse in our woods
during the winter. Two or three specimens of B. armatulus, Ruthe, occurred to
me in such a situation in Bentley Woods near here in December, 1898, together
with the common B. {Oanychorus) ruficornis, Nees. — Claude Morley, Ipswich:
December, 1900.

18 [.Tjimary,

Uarpalus anxius from the Oxford District. — Mr. Claude Morley, in his inter-
esting note, "A quarter of an hour on the Breck " (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1900, p. 288),
speaks of Harpalus anxius as never taken inland in Britain except at Lakenheath
Warren, Suffolk. It is, therefore, worth while to place on record the fact that this
species is abundant on a sandy common near Oxford. In the same place also occur
Crypticus quisquilius and Cteniopus sulphureux, both generally looked upon as ex-
clusively coast species. Microzonm tibiale, and the genus Calathus, usually es-
pecially abundant on the coast, are also very plentiful in the same locality. — W.
Holland, Hope Department, University Museum, Oxford : December 4th, 1900.

Lathridius Bergrothi, Reitt.,and other beetles in a herbarium. — I have received
from Prof. Carr, M.A., a number of small beetles taken from a dried specimen of
Burdock {Arctium) in the herbarium of the University College, Nottingham. They
consisted largely of Corticaria fulva. Com., a few Cartodere filum, Aube, with
Enicmus minutu.i and half a dozen examples of a pretty Lathridius, which Mr.
Champion kindly informs me is L. Bergrothi, Reitt. I have learnt that the speei-
men of Arctium was of English origin, but no doubt the beetle is an introduced
species, derived from some of the dried foreign plants in the same herbarium. --
Alfred Thornlet, South Leverton Vicarage, Lincoln : December 5(h, 1900.

[Father M. J. Belon, of Lyons, who has been kind enough to examine one of
Mr. Thornley's specimens of L. Bergrothi, tells me that it has been found at St.
Petersburg and various other places in Russia, and also in Finland, Denmark, Germany
(Dresden and Hamburg), Austria, Silesia, and France (Dept. of Calvados). The insect
was not described till 1880, and it seems probable that it is gradually spreading on
the continent, after the manner of Coninomus nodifer (Westw.), as has been rioted
by Ganglbauer. It is recorded (Rev. d'Ent., xvi, p. 174) as having been found in
mould and in faggots. In general appearance L. Bergrothi is not unlike Enicmus
tran.<: versus (Oliv.), from which it differs in its larger size, and in the sharply
carinate alternate interstices of the disc of the elytra (there are three prominent
carinse on each elytron, and the suture also is raised), the margins of the latter being
also conspicuously explanate towards the base. — G. C. C.J.

Larinus scolymi, Oliv., at Colchester. — Amongst a number of Coleoptera sent
me for names by Mr. Harwood, of Colchester, there is a specimen of this conspicuous
South-European species. The insect must, of course, have been imported in some
way to the locality where it was found, possibly with plants of Cynara svolymus or
C. cardunculus, which are much cultivated in gardens. Mr. Harwood's account of
its capture is as follows : " I had been collecting Aculeate Hymenoptera near the
railway at Colchester one afternoon in June last, and as it came over dull I gathered
a handful of the flowers of Knautia arvensis and took them home in my net, which
I hung up on the umbrella-stand on arrival. Next morning, when going out again,
I took down the net and found the Larinus crawling on it! As I could not make
the insect out, I went off again to examine the scabious flowers carefully, and to
sweep the embankment, but found no more of the beetle. There is a junction for
Clacton and Walton at the place mentioned, and it was on the southern slope of the
branch line embankment where I gathered the flowers to take home." L. scolymi

i»oi.j 19

is twice the size of oui* L. carlince, Oliv., and has a shoi'ter, flatter, and very much
stouter rostrum ; this latter has o;i the upper-side an anteriorly abbreviated median
carina and two less distinct divergent carinee extending forwards from the median one
on each side towards the base, and on the under-side it is clothed with lon^ hairs.
M. Bedel (Faune Col. Bassin Seine, Rhynch., p. 88) records the capture of an
example at Paris, in July, 1876, upon a flower of Cynara cardunculus (a spiny plant
allied to the artichoke, C. scolymus), from Algeria, transplanted to the Botanical
G-arden of the Museum. I have taken the insect myself in the south of Spain, at
Algeciras, whence Mr. Walker has also sent me specimens. — GI-. C. Champion,
Horaell, "Woking : December Qth, 1900.

»i

Classification of the Ichneumon Flies of the Super-Family Ichneu-
MONOIDEA. [Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii (1900), pp. 1—220.] By William H.

ASHMEAD.

Under the above title we have a really concise and workable diagnosis of the
families and genera of a huge mass of the neglected insects. Little or nothing is,
generally speaking, at present known in this country of its parasitic flies, and it will
come as a revelation to the majority that, while we have relied upon out-of-date
works for our superficial platitudes, with the occasional break of a llaliday, a Mar-
shall, or a Bridgman, progress is elsewhere being made at no inconsiderable rate in
this section. As the author remarks, from 109 genera, known to Burmeister in 1835,
we of to-day have to cope with 1140, most of them stable and many still further
sub-divisible. This work of Mr. Ashmead is what has so long been needed — a
coalition of the superficial Gravenhorstian method with that more truly scientific,
though less applicable, of Forstcr, the recently re-awakened interest in which has
been voiced by Thomson. Though we are at issue regarding the systematic position
of the Xoridoid Hybophancs, and a few such minor points, the main conspectus is
wonderfully clear, and there is no residue of doubt that the present is a work
destined to advance the natural classification and general study of our friendly
parasites more than any publislied for many a long day. — Claude Moeley.

The Structure and Life-History of the Harlequin Fly (Chirono-
Mus) : by L. C. Miall, F.R.S., and A. R. Hammond, F.L.S. 8vo, pp. 304, with
a plate and 130 illustrations in the text. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press ; London,
Edinburgh, and New York, Henry Frowde ; 1900.

This book is a Monograph in the widest sense of the " Blood Worm " Chiro-
nomus. But it goes far beyond that. There may be, no doubt are, some points in
which the subject chosen for the title of the book differs from anything else : on the
other hand, there are multitudes of species that have very much in common, therefore
the work is a Monograph within a Monograph, and as such will prove of very great
service. The results of the mass of microscopic work undertaken in the preparation
of the book are detailed in a very clear manner, and there is a capital bibliography.
The ensemble is much after the same style as Prof. Miall's and Mr. Denny's " Cock-
roach." It is quite possible that Prof. Huxley's " Crayfish " gave the impulse that
has resulted in books like these ; in any case it has had many imitators.

20 [January,

dDbituarn.

Pare Armand David, C.M.Z.8., died at Paris on November 10th, 1900. He
was bora at Espelctte, in the Basses Pyrenees, in 1826, and having been educated
for the priesthood, entered the Society of Lazaristcs in 1848. In 1860 he was sent
as a Missionary to China. Passionately devoted to Natural History, he proved
himself probably the most notable of a class (the French Missionaries) that have
done so much towards furthering a knowledge of natural science in remote regions,
and in China in particular. He made three separate journeys to China, and tlie
region probably most explored by him is that somewhat debatable ground known as
Chinese Thibet ; but wherever ho went his discoveries were remarkable in all
branches of Natural History, and he enriched the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes
in a most marked manner. He published a good many papers on various scientific
subjects ; our own Zoological Society made him a Corresponding Member for his
services in Zoology. For many years lie had resided at the head-quarters of his
religious society at Paris, and died there. But not long ago he paid a scientific visit
to Syria. We understand that shortly before his death he gave his private collec-
tion of insects to M. Rene Oberthiir, who estimates that there are more than 100,000
specimens of Coleoptera alone, mainly from China.

Baron Blichel Edmond de Selys- Longchampx, Hon. F.E.S. — With great regret
we announce the death of this veteran entomologist at Liege on December 11th, in
his 88th year. Further particulars hereafter.

Birmingham Entomological Society : October I5th, 1900. — Mr. G. T.
Betuune-Bakek, President, in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. C. A. E. Rodgers mentioning the occurrence of
Cofias Edusa on the golf links at Handsworth, about four miles from the centre of
Birmingham. Mr. Thos. Clarke exhibited a number of butterflies mostly taken in
Yorksliire forty years ago ; they were in excellent preservation. Mr. Bradley,
Ht/menopteru taken at West Runton, Norfolk, in August last, Tiphia femorata,
Mellinus sahulosus, idimesa equestris, and Astata boops. Mr. F. A. Jackson, the
following Coleoptera : Noiiophilus A-punctatus, Bembidium monticola, Tachypus
flavipes, all from Tonbridge ; Phyllohrotica •i-viaculata, from Bradgate, Leicester-
shire ; Crioceris asparagi, from Loughborough, Leicestershire ; Apoderus coryli,
from Haywood, near Birmingham ; Balaninus venosus, from Buddon Wood,
Leicestershire, &c. Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, the following Hemiptera- Heteroptera
from Stroud district : ^lia acuminata, Mlioides infiexus, Pentatoma verbasci
(which occurred in hundreds), Dasyeoris hirticornis, Stenocephalus agilis, and
Nabis rugosus; also from the Knowle district — Anthocoris nemorum, Monanthia
cardui, Sco/opostethus contractus, Acanthosoma griseum, &c ; also a number of Co-
leoptera from various places, including — Auoplodera sexguttata, New Forest, 1898 ;
Acanthocinus cedilis, Walsall, 1900 ; Lariuus carlince, Stroud, June, 1900 ; Corym-
bites ceiieus, Dovedale ; Cteniopus sulphureus, near Cromer j Melasis buprestoides,

1901] 21

Knowle ; Bryaxis juncorum, Knowle, &c. ; also Sesia asiliformis from Knowle, July,
1898, and S. culiciformis, also from Knowlo, May, 1898. Mr. A. H. Martineau,
Hytnenoptera, including — Crabro 4i- maculatus, from Coleshill ; Chrysis viridula, Jj.,
and Chelostoma campanularum, Kirby, from Solihull ; also Heematopota pluvialis,
S , from Coleshill, and Platycnemis pennipes, S and ? , from Bridgnorth. Mr. G.
W. Wynn, Xanthia oitrago, Xylophasia scolopacina, Cymatophora duplaris, and
Gonophora derasa, all from Haywood, Warwickshire, this year. — Colbkan J.
Wainweight, Hon. Sec.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
October 25th, 1900.— Mr. W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Kirkaldy, Worple Road, Wimbledon, was elected a Member.

Mr. MacArthur exhibited specimens of Leucania vitellina from Shoreham ; an
example of Amphipyra tragopogonis, with pale marginal blotches on the fore-wings ;
and a specimen of Thyvielicus thaumas of a pale straw colour. Mr. Lucas, a speci-
men of the cockroach, Rhyparobia maderce taken in a desk in Covent Garden
Market. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, a photograph of a hollyhock plant, as an example
of the ravages of the larvse of Pyrameis cardai at Raton, in New Mexico. Mr.
West, a series of a local Homopteron, Acocephalux bifanciatux, t&kvn at Blackheath.
Mr. R. Adkin, a scries of the plain and banded forms of Acidalia aversata, bred in
September from ora deposited by a banded female taken at Lewisham in July,
and contributed notes on their history and variation ; together with living larvae of
Caradrina ambigua. Mr. Mera, specimens of Colias Edusa and v. Helice, with in-
termediate varieties ; very pale specimens of C. Hyale ; and a specimen of Sme-
rinthus populi, with the basal area of the hind-wings suffused with yellow instead of
dull red.

November 8th, 1900. — The President in the Chair.

The Annual Exhibition of Varieties was held on this evening, and was a most
successful and interesting meeting.

Mr. B. Adkin, a bred Eugenia polychloros, with a very pale ground colour ; a
Triphcena fimbria, having the black band on the hind-wings extending along the
inner margin ; and examples of Catocala promis-sa, with paler upper wings, and
hind-wings with narrow and straight median band. Mr. Winkley, Catocala nupfa,
var. coerulescens, taken in August, 1892. Mr. R. Adkin, varieties of Argynnis
Aglaia, (1) with basal two-thirds black except a yellow discoidal spot, on the under-
side the silver spots were reduced to two on each hind-wing ; (2) with greenish
blotch on both left wings, similar to those frequently found in A. Paphia ; (3) with
black spots on the central portion of the under-side run together into irregular
bands ; (4) two unusually dark females, one liaving an unpigmented patch on both
left wings ; also a long series of Melanippe galiata, showing extreme variation in
the width and intensity of the band. Mr. Urwick, a graduated series of variations
of Abraxas ulmata, from smoke coloured to almost white ; a hermaphrodite var. of
Argynnis Paphia, having the right wings male var. Valezina, and the left wing&
ordinary male type, except a few dark splashes ; a suffused var. of the same species ;
several vars. of Lithosia quadra, showing variation in depth of colour and absence

22 [Januar}',

ot spots ; a sagittate variety of Epinephilc hyperanfhus ; grey forms of the same
species ; a richly banded form of Ephyra pendularia, and sixteen very striking
varieties of Chelonia plantaginis, showing a complete gradation between the extreme
form with pure white ground colour and black markings to a much intensified form
of var. hospiia, being an inbred series. Mr. Nevinson, Malacosoma castrensis,
showing extreme variation ; a liglit form of Lasiocampa trifolii ; light and dark
forms of Cosmotriche potatoria ; Arctia Caja, with radiated black markings on hind
wings ; hybrids Pygcera curtula and P. pigra ; light and dark Heliothis peltigera ;
a banded form of Zonosoma Unearia ; and extreme light and dark forms of Melon-
ippe fluctuata. Mr. F. M. B. Carr, an example of Diloba ccerulsocephala, in which
the 8 mark is represented by two small pale spots ; a Coremia propugnata (desig-
nata), with a very narrow, brown, transverse band, and one without a trace of the
flame colour ; and a male Malacosoma neustria, with scarcely any sign of the pale
transverse lines. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a series of CaUimorpha ifera, taken in August
at Dawlish, showing a complete gradation in colour between the rich red of the
type, through the terra cotta form to the brilliant yellow form var. lutescens ; and a
very long and varied series of PryopTiila muralis {glandifera) from the same place,
remarkable in all the forms being dark, many of a rich yellow-brown coloration,
most with black markings conspicuous, and in all the hind-wings were dark, and in
some very dark. Mr. Adkin and Mr. Colthrup, series of the latter species from
Eastbourne and Folkestone respectively, to compare with them. Mr. Lucas, a series
of nine Lihellula quadrimaculaia, showing a complete gradation between the type
and an extreme example of the var prcenubila. Mr. Chittenden, a large number of
varieties taken or bred mostly from Kent, including — Bupalus piniaria, right side
female, left side male coloration ; dark brown Drepana falcula ; red, dark and
light forms of Tceniorampa gracilis ; dark and light forms of Pachetra leuvophcea ;
Phigalia pedaria, dark vars. ; Hybernia marginaria, intermediate forms and var.
fuscata ; and extreme light and dark forms of Cidaria immanata, ApJecta prasina,
Xylophasia monoglypha, &c. Dr. Chapman, a number of specimens of several
European species of the genus Erebia, to show that the most well-marked forms
tend to have black spots with a white pupil in each marginal cell, set in a bright
brown band, which may invade a considerable area of the wing, while at the other
extreme the dark ground colour may cover the whole wing to the exclusion of all
the spots. Mr. J. P. Barrett, to show variation in size, (1) Colias Hyale, one 2J
inches, anotiier Ij inches in expanse ; (2) Ennomos alniaria, one 2^ inches, another
1| inches in expanse ; a pure yellow var. of Aspilates citraria, without lines ; and
a specimen of the spring brood of Agrotis putris. Mr. H. Moore, forms of J'apilio
Machaoyi from Grrecce, India, the Amur, and Japan (var. Uippocrates) ; and a series
of P. Xuthus from China and Japan. Mr. A. Harrison, long and varied series of
Xanthia aurago, Miselia oxyacanthcB, with v. capucina, and Scopelosoma satellitia,
taken at sugar near Chingford in October. Mr. Main, two Colias Edusa, v. Helice,
bred from ova laid by a female Helice, taken at Hanwell. Mr. Mera, dark varieties
of Abraxas grossulariata ; and a CcBiionympha pamphila with left hind-wing on
the under-side with the colour of the upper-wing. Rev. J. Tarbat, very dark
Hibernia defoliaria, small and varied Tanagra atrata ; and bred Slauropuxfagi
from spring ova. Mr. Kemp, Epinephele hyperanthus, (1) with apical ocelli wanting,
(2) a bleached variety ; and a similar variety of E. tithonus. Mr. Nicholson,

1901.] 23

Catocala xpoiixa, with left uppor-winfr entirely suffused with umber-brown ; Pararge
egeria, a bred specimen thinly scaled with obscure markings ; Pierh ra/;®, with an
indistinct spot on the disc of the hind-wings ; Mamestra brassicee, of a uniform
shining leaden-grey colour ; and a series of 31elanippe Jlucfuata, including var. con-
tovata, and several banded and resembling M. sociata. Mr. Cole, Catocala nupta,
Tar. carulescens, taken on sugar at Brondesbury ; and a var. of C. Si/ale, with a
broad elongated splash of black on the under-side of the fore-wings. Mr. Kirkaldy
long series of various species of Waterbugs, especially Notonecta glauca, and var.
maculata, to show colour variation, and how unreliable it is as a specific character.
Mr. Kaye, a specimen of Papilio Machaon, with the submarginal band of tlie fore-
wings intet-nally edged with a broad black band, and with the discoidal spot enlarged
into a blotch uniting with the band ; and a specimen of Hydrocampa stagnalis, with
several of the transverse markings much dininished or obsolete. Mr. Buckstone,
Poli/ommatus Icarus, female with blue right upper wing, and a specimen smaller
than Cupido minima. Mr. Newman, Smeriiithus ocellatus variety ; dark forms of
Eugoniafuscantaria; and a red form of Noctua neglecta. Mr. Brooks, bred Ache-
ronlia Atropos, with a very pale variety, and one with very broad and dark markings ;
a Pgrameis Atalanta, with a pale border on one hind-wing ; a black fringed
Spilosoma radiata ; a very varied series of 3Ielanippe ha.itata ; and living pupae of
the first named, which he distributed to the members. — Hy. J. TUBNEE, Hon. See.

Entomological Society of London: November 7th, 1900. — Mr. 0-. H.
Verrall, President, in the Chair.

Dr. John Cotton, of 126, Prescot Road, St. Helen's ; Mr. Q-eorge H. Howes, of
Spey Street, Invercargill, New Zealand ; the Hon. F. M. Mackwood, M.I.C., of
Colombo, (-eylon ; Mr. William J. Rainbow, of the Australian Museum, Sydney ;
and Mr. Percy Charles Reid, of Feering Bury, Kelvedon, Essex ; were elected
Fellows of the Society.

Mr. G-eorge S. Saunders exhibited specimens, from Devonshire, of Pieris rapcB
and Plu.iia gamma caught by the proboscis in flowers of Araujia albens, Don, a
climbing plant of the natural Order AsclepiadacecB ; and explained the nature of
the mechanism by which the insects were entrapped by the flowers ; also specimens
of the " bedeguar " gall formed apparently on the '• hips," or fruit, of Rosa canina,
the formation of the galls on the hips being considered unusual. Mr. Gahan re-
marked that the capture of insects by Araujia albens had recently been investigated
in France by MM. Marchand and Bonjour, whose account appeared in the" Bulletin
de la >oo. des Sciences Nat. de I'Ouest de la France," for 1899. These authors con-
cluded that insects were captured only by immature flowers, the anther-wings in the
cleft between which the proboscis of the insect is caught being at that time stiff and
resistant ; but when the flowers are ripe the anther-wings become less rigid, and do
not offer sufficient resistance to the withdrawal of the proboscis, which carries with
it the pollinia ready to be transferred to the stigma of the next flower visited by
the insect. Mr. Tutt, for the Rev. Mr. Burrows, a large series of Epiinda lutulenta
from Mucking, in Essex, and made remarks upon several interesting variations in-
cluded in the series. Mr. W. J. Kaye, Hydrocampa stagnalis, var., with examples
of the typical form for comparison ; the variety differed in having the basal line

24 [January,

nearly obsolete, and in other points. Mr. F. Merrifield, a variety of Argynnix Dia
taken with a few examples of the ordinary form at Ilanz, in the Vorder Rhein
valley early in September last, when what was, he believed, a third brood of this
species was abutidant. Canon Fowler, a specimen of Orochares angustatus, Ericha.,
a Staphylinid beetle new to the British list, taken at Leverstock Green, Herts., by
Mr. Albert PifEard. The Rev. F. D. Morice mentioned as a fact of some interest,
that in a nest of Formica sanguinea at Weybridge, in which he found males and
workers of that species, he found also males and females as well as workers of the
&\tk\e-a.^\t, Formica fusca, an experience somewhat different to that of Huber and
Darwin, who stated that workers only of the slave species were found in the nests of
sanguinea. The Secretary read " Some notes on variations of Zeritis Thysbe, Linn.,"
communicated by Mr. H. L. L. Feltham, of Cape Town, and exhibited one female
and two male specimens of one of the rare forms referred to in the paper. This
form was originally noticed by Mr. Trimen as an " aberi-ation." Mr. Feltham suc-
ceeded in taking several specimens on the summit of the mountains overlooking
Minzenberg ; he requested that the specimens exhibited should be placed in the
British Museum collection. — C. J. Gadan, Hon. Sec,

TRICHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA-PLANIPENNIA, ODONATA,

AND RHOPALOCERA

COLLECTED IN NORWAY IN THE SUMMER OF 1900.

BT KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

The perusal of Dr. Chapman's interesting record of his journey
in Norway during the summer of 1898 (Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., vol.
X, pp. 20 — 28) resuscitated an old wish to see something of the insect
fauna and the flora of Scandinavia, and I determined to visit that
country the following summer. It was, however, too late in the
season before I could arrange to get away, and it was therefore con-
sidered advisable to postpone the visit for another year, perhaps not
a misfortune, if there is anything in the theory of the biennial
appearance of Erehia EmhJa, which amongst other things I desired to
see in its own particular haunts.

The route mapped out was a well known one. The drawbacks to
this course are obvious, the possible finds or discoveries being neces-
sarily reduced ; but one has the advantage of the experience of those
who have gone before ; and I would here express my thanks to Dr.
Chapman, who gave me some valuable hints, enabling me to save both
time and trouble. On the journey 1 was accompanied by my wife,
and her net and quick eye contributed largely to the results, especially
in Lepidoptera.

We reached Christiansand early in the morning of June 17th,
and wc saw Norway for the first time under the most brilliant sunshine.

1901.] 25

The rocky heights behind the town form an excellent hunting ground.
There are several small lakes there about 'which a species of Cordulia
was sporting as early as 7 — 8 a.m. As the day wore on many butter-
flies were seen, including Aporia cratcegi, Argynnis Selene, A. Eupliro-
syne, Melitcea Athalia, Pararge Hiera, P. Megtsra, Lyccena ^gon,
and others.

We did not begin to collect in earnest until we arrived at Sae-
terstoen late in the afternoon of June 18th. At this place, like Dr.
Chapman and his friends, we were accommodated by Herr and Fru
"Wattne at Maarud, and we were introduced to Norwegian country
life under very pleasant and comfortable auspices. We had also
perfect weather here, and as it had been dry during the previous two
or three weeks, the traversing of the bogs was comparatively easy.
We had been warned to look out for mosquitos : we experienced less
trouble from these insects than we had anticipated, although towards
the end of our stay at 8aetertsoen they certainly became more irrita-
ting, and the big Tabanided also increased in numbers. On the
Dovrefjeld mosquitos were rather troublesome, and Heematopota plu-
vialis at Molde, but on the whole we did not sufter more than one
usually does in the Scottish Highlands from the last named species
and the hosts of Ceratopogon. As far as I am personally concerned,
I still give the palm to these minute pests for their power to torment
and make one thoroughly uncomfortable.

To Dr. Chapman's account of the Saeterstoen district there is
little to add from the Lepidopterist's point of view. Curiosity led
us out on the evening of the 18th long after butterfly hours, and we
succeeded in disturbing from its roosting place in a spruce our first
example of lEreiia JEmhla. Subsequently we found this species and
Chionohas Jutta in great force, but we were of course just rather late
to get either in perfect condition. Day after day we came across
fresh species, until at last we had secured all those named by Dr.
Chapman, excepting P. amphidamas (which, I now fear, was overlooked)
and P. comma, taking in addition, P. hrassiccB, A. Lathonia, Aglaia,
and E. hyperanthus. Lycaena Amanda and P. Sippotlioe were the glory
of some of Herr Wattne's uncut meadows, and it was a pretty sight
to see the latter beautj' sitting towards evening with its flaming red
wings outspread to the declining sun. Colzas Palceno was out earlier
than Dr. Chapman's date, and we took it in splendid condition.

On the borders of the " great moor " (where, by the waj% Betula
nana grows, a fact not mentioned by Dr. Chapman) we found Syrich'
thus centaurecd pretty frequent ; here also we took a few worn A.
Freija, and, towards the end of our stay, a fresh little series of C. tiplion.

26 [January,

Perhaps, on the whole, Saeterstoen is more an ideal locality for
Lepidoptera than for Neuropiera and Trichoptera. By going further
afield a series of lakes might have been included in our area, but it
■was inconvenient to visit them. As it was, we worked only one small
lake ; for the rest we had the great river Glommen and its backwaters,
one or two small brooks, and several ponds and marshes of diverse
character. Considering the swampy nature of the district, there was
not a superabundance of open standing water.

Some of the ponds in the woods were quite charming, being filled
with Calla palusfris, whose beautiful spathes were fully open. Over
the water flitted hosts of two red -bodied species of Leucorrhinia and
other dragon-flies. One day when working at one of these forest
ponds, two eagles circling overhead helped to confirm the delightful
feeling that although so near the accessories of civilization, we were
where wild Nature still holds a place.

The Corduline Dragon-flies were a feature in the insect life of
Saeterstoen ; examples very constantly being seen flying along the
railway, or high over the trees in the wood, usually difficult to secure
in these circumstances. These, I take it, were either females, or males
recently emerged. The males of G. cenea were abundant about the
backwaters and the lake, while the males of 8. metallica were frequent
at other standing waters. *S^. arctica I could not find at home, a stray
female being the only one seen.

Agrion was well represented in number, but chiefly A. liastulatmn.
Another small species not recognised at the time proves to be an in-
teresting northern species, A. concinnum.

The conditions of Trichopterous life in the Glommen puzzled me
a good deal. At British rivers in the month of June the burst of life
is enormous ; on the Glommen for the first few days I could find
absolutely no TricJioptera, nothing but a Chloroperla in numbers and a
species of the Epliemeridae. Later Trichoptera did appear, but not in
large numbers. I can only conclude that the Glommen is a cold, late
river. On the Clyde Limnophilus fuscicornis occurs at the end of
May, while the same species seemed to be just appearing on the
Glommen towards the end of June.

Leaving Saeterstoen on June 2Sth we proceeded to the Dovre-
fjeld by way of Lake Mjosen and the Gudbraudsdal. Between
Lillestrom and Eidsvold we saw from the railway plenty of Oalopteryx
virgo, and between Lillehammer and Otta, the present terminus of the
railway, what appeared to be Pariuissius Apollo in abundance. Neither
of these insects was seen elsewhere. At Braendhaugen Lycoena

1901.1 27

Pheretes was first observed. At this place we were overtaken by a
spell of cold weather, which remained with us all the time we were
on the Dovrefjeld, and did much no doubt to minimize the results of
our collecting.

Keaching Domaas on June 30th we remained there till July 2nd.
On our way from Braendhaugen we had seen little on account of the
rain. At Domaas we found we had got quite into the Alpine country,
Silene acaulis growing freely along the river side. Gentiana nivalis
was also observed, together with many other interesting plants already
seen lower down. Lyccena Pheretes was the butterfly of the waste
ground near the river ; it was in the greatest abundance, and both
sexes were in lovely condition.

We proceeded to Fokstuen on July 2nd. As the road ascends the
pines give place to birch, then the birch becomes mixed with Betula
nana. When the plateau is attained a few miles from Pokstuen the
eye has before it a treeless waste of tundra-like barrenness. About
the pine limit Erehia Ir/ppona appeared ; this proved to be the com-
monest butterfly at Fokstuen, and it ranged to a considerable height
above the station. Ghionohas Noma flew on the dry stony slopes of
Blaahoe just above the hotel, but it was in poor condition, the wings
seldom ragged (because the weather had been fine), but often practi-
cally scaleless. It also visited a swampy grassy slope, a favourite
haunt of Argynnis Pales, of which half a dozen perfect examples
were here taken. S. centaurece^ A. Euphrosyne, L. Pheretes, and L.
optilete, were the only other butterflies taken at Fokstuen, excepting
A. Freija,oi which two examples in better condition than the Saeters-
toen ones were seen. On the whole I was disappointed with the
numbers of butterflies here, but no doubt the cold weather was partly
to blame for this.

Certainly the most noteworthy insect of the Fokstuen region was
jEschna ccerulea. It was everywhere amongst the openings in the
birch thickets on the lower slopes of Blaahoe. The days were very
cold, usually bright with sunshine in the earlier part but with a bitter
wind, which seemed to increase in intensity as the day went on, the sky
usually becoming more or less overcast. In the bright sunshine the
Dragon-flies flew about rather freely, but later they became sluggish.
They eagerly sought the places most exposed to the sun, and particu-
larly loved to rest on the chalky-white bark of the birches, as many
as three having been seen so resting close together on one trunk, and
in one such case an example was taken with the fingers. Along with
^. ccerulea, but much rarer, was Somatochlora alpestris.

28 [Jaiuuii-y, 1901

A number of interesting boreal Trichoptera were taken on the
Dovrefjeld, especially at tbe lakes, which are a feature of the Fokstuen
locality. These insects will be more fully referred to in the lists
which follow. The running waters produced no Caddis-flies at Foks-
tuen excepting Apatania. Nymphs of Rliyacophila were found in the
Fogsaa. On the whole I believe we were too early for most of the
Dovrefjeld Trichoptera, certainly so as regards the species attached to
streams.

Principally owing to the continued cold, we returned to Domaas
on July 6th. Here we found Erehin ligea out, and Argynnis Aglaia
in abundance, but curiously enough A. Niohe, which Mr. Champion
took here in profusion in 1889, was either remarkably scarce or I
failed to find the right locality for it. An addition to my list of
Odonata was made by the capture of ^schna grandis.

On July 9th we started homewards by way of the Romsdal. We
had little opportunity of collecting on the way. A large fritillary,
likely A. Aglaia, was common, and so was P. Maera. At Fladmark
one of the blues was in numbers, even eclipsing those of L. Fheretes
at Domaas.

We remained two days at Molde, where the weather became once
more fine and warm. Butterflies and Dragon-flies were fairly abun-
dant, but no additional species of either was taken. The streams were
now producing their quota of insect life, and Bhyacophila nubila, the
Scandinavian representative of our common dorsalis, was taken, along
with several other interesting Trichopiera.

From Molde we sailed direct to England.

Lists of the Trichoptera, Neuroptera-Planipennia , Odonata, and
Rhopalocera taken, follow.

TRICHOPTERA.

JS^euronm ruficrus, Scop., common at Saeterstoen. — N. lapponica, Hagen, one

g at Saeterstoen, where the species was probably just coming out at the time we left.

Phryganea striata, Linn., taken in great abundance at the lake near Saeterstoen,

also frequent at Fokstuen and observed at Christiansand.- — P. obsoleta, McL., taken

at Domaas, and common at the lakes near Fokstuen.

Agrypnia picta, KoL, came out slowly at Saeterstoen, where two $ and one ?
were taken ; a long series could have been secured at Molde, but they were past
their best as regards condition. — A. Pagetana, Curt., a curious form, no doubt Mr.
McLachlan's var. hyperborea, was found at the Fokstuen lakes ; it has both pairs of
wings somewhat lanceolate, quite different from the type ; the only J taken mea-
sures in expanse 20 mm., while the females range from 18 to 24 mm.

Grammotaulius signatipennis, McL., one newly emerged example of this inter-
esting species at Fokstuen.

February, 1901.] 29

Limnophilus subcentralis, Brauer, one ? at Saeterstocn. — L. marmoratus, Curt.,
one (J at Saeterstoen. — L. stigma, Curt., one at Saeterstoen and a few at Uoinaaa. —
L. pantodapus (Wlgr.), McL., five examples, all from the same pond, at Fokstuen ;
one or two approaching the typical form, the others pertaining to hyalinatus. — L.
picturatns, McL., half a dozen ? at Saeterstoen, varying much in the deptli of
markings. — L. centralis, Curt., a few examples from Christiaiisand, Saeterstoen and
'MolAc. — L. griseus, Linn., a few at Saeterstoen. — L. scalenus, Wlgr., two newly
developed males at Domaas, taken along with Fhacopteryx brevipennis. — L. de-
spectus. Walker, a short series from Saeterstoen.— iy. extricatus, McL., one <J at
Saeterstoen. — L. trimaculatus, Zett., rather common at the Fokstuen lakes. — L.
fuscicornis, Rambur, frequent near the Glommen at the end of June, and taken also
on the Dovrefjeld.

Phacopteryx brevipennis, Curt. — This interesting species, so little known in
Britain, occurred near Domaas at a shallow pond about the level of the river; the
pond was overgrown with Myriophyllum, Potaviogeton and Caltha, and the sluggish
little insect's favourite position was on the stems or leaves of the last named plant,
only a few being beaten from pine trees.

Asynarchus fusorius (Wlgr.), McL., two S and one ? at Fokstuen; in the $
the lower tooth of the inferior appendages is hardly appreciably longer than the
upper tooth, and as regards this point the two individuals differ amongst themselvea ;
I think little stress can be laid on this character. — A. contumax, McL., was rather
common about the smaller collections of water at Fokstuen ; it was in fact the
most conspicuous representative of the Limnophilida:, and it is rather remarkable
that it did not figure apparently in the collections made in the locality by Siebke
and Schoyen. — A. ccenosus. Curt., one (J at Saeterstoen.

Stenophylax alpestris, Kol., two freshly emerged ? at Christiansand.
Micropterna lateralis, Steph., one <J at Molde.
EccUsopteryx guttulata, Pictet, one (} one $ at Domaas.

Apatania. — Examples of this genns were taken at Braendhaugen, Domaas and
Fokstuen ; indeed, at Fokstuen they were common. Probably at least two species
are represented, but unfortunately there are no males, and in the meantime I hesi-
tate to give any names.

Sericostoma personatum, Spence, one ? at Molde.
Brachycentrus subnubilus. Curt., one ? at the GHommen.

Bercea pullata, Curt., one ? at Domaas.— .B. articularis, Pict., one ? at Sae-
terstoen is referred to tliis species with a little doubt.

BercBodes minuta, L., common at a forest brook near Saeterstoen.
Molanna palpata, McL., common at the Fokstuen lakes.

Molannodes Zelleri, McL., with the last and also common ; some of the ex-
amples are of the form Steini.

Leptocerus nigra -nervosus, Retz.,one ? at the Glommen. — L. perplexus, McL.,
a few examples ( (? and ? ) of this species taken at the Grlommen near Saeterstoen ;
unfortunately they were mistaken for annulicornis, and therefore not very zealously
sought after.

Agraylea multipitnctata. Curt., common at one spot on the banks of a large
backwater of the G-lommcn at Saeterstoen. — A. cognatella, McL., one (J , which I
consider to belong undoubtedly to this species, taken at the lake at Lesjeverk, just
at the Station.

30 iFcbnuiry,

Oxyetldra cci.v/«//.s', (-'iirt., at, LcsjiU'i-rk, uih] iii'iii- Moldc. — O. di.sfhicfeUd, Mch.,
four males al a lalic amongsL Mie liills a few miles from Moldo ; the discovery uf tliis
species, previously known only from Finland, is not tlie least interesting result of
collecting in Norway. — 0. Frici, Klap., one J (and perhaps also one ?) from the
Glommcn ; I also regard the finding of tliis species in Norway as an interesting
addition to our knowledge of its distribution.

Ilydropst/che guttata, Pict.?, one ? from the Glommen.

Philojjotamus moniamis, Don., on the Mesna at Lillelianmier, and at Molde.

Neuredipus himaculata, Linn., appeared on the Glommen towards the end of
our stay at Saetcrstoeu.

Polycentrojnisjlavomaculattis, Sict., at Lillchammer and Molde.

Iloloceiitrojitis duhius, Ramb., at Christiansand, and swarming at the lake near
Saeterstoen. — II. picicornis, Steph., what I consider three well marked forms were
taken ; the examples from Domaas arc most typical, dusky with reddish-yellow spots,
wliilo those from Fokstuen are altogether paler, both in ground colour and in the
golden pubescence ; from Saeterstoen the examples are nearly uniformly dark golden,
almost as in auratus, to which species tliey may really belong.

Cyrnus Jlavidus, McL., typical examples, or nearly so, from Saeterstoen ; one
cj and one ? from Lesjeverk belong to the pallid northern form, which should
almost have a distinctive name ; this is I believe confused with C. crenaticornis , a
very pretty insect, and absolutely distinct by the whitish elongate-oval spots in
membrane of the areas and apical cellules.

Lype iihcEopa, Steph., on the Glommen.

Rhyacophila nuhUa, Zett., near Molde.

Olossosoma vernale, Curt., a few $ examples from Braendhaugen are referred
to this species with a little doubt ; it is rather remarkable that no Scandinavian
species of this genus was known to Wallengren.

PLANIPENNIA.

This group was very Avell represented, at least iu iudividiials. The
abundance of Chri/sopa 2Jorla in the woods, especially at ISaeterstoen,
was to me marvellous, and some of the Hemerohii were also rather
common, notably H. pini at Saeterstoen and M. nervosus on the
Dovrefjeld.

Panorpa germanica, L., at Saeterstoen, but less common than the next. — F.
communis, Linn., frequent at Saeterstoen, found also at Domaas ; Mr. MeLachlan
informs me these come near vulgaris, ImhofE, the markings not quite so black ;
all were of this form, the ordinary communis being absent.

Mhaphidia xanthostigma, Schum., single specimens of this were frequently found
in the net at Saeterstoen ; it also occurred at Domaas.

Sisyrafuscata, F., common at Saeterstoen.

Sialis lutaria, L., at Saeterstoen and Fokstuen.

Ilemerobius nervosus, F., at Saeterstoen, Domaas, and especially common amongst
birches at Fokstuen. — II. suhnebvlosus, Ste))h., one ? at Saeterstoen. — //. 3forfu)n
McL., half a dozen in the pine forest between Domaas and Fokstuen, one near Ihc
limit of that tree ; as it was not observed at all at Fokstuen, it is in all probability

1901.] 31

confined to the pine zone. — H. marginatus, Steph., one ? at Molde. — II. humuli,
L., one ? at Sacterstoen. — //. stigma, Steph., one example at Doniaas.— //. pini,
Stcph., a long series from Saeterstoon, also taken at Domaas. — II. nitidulus, F.,
common around Domaas. — H. inconspicuus, McL., found occasionally at Domaas
and Soeterstoen.

Micromus aphidivorns, Schrk., one $ at Sacterstoen.

Chrysopa perla, Linn., swarming in the woods at Sacterstoen, also common at
Domaas. — C ventralis, Curt., one immature example at Chvistiansand. — C. phyllo-
chroma, Wesmael, a few at Saetei'stoen. — C. flava, Scop., one immature ? from
Christiansand probably belongs to this species.

ODONATA.

Leucorrhinia dubia, Vand., common at Saeterstoen, and also taken at Molde. —
L. rubicuiida, L., commoner than the last at Saeterstoen.

Sympetrum striolatum, Charp., one recently developed ? at Christiansand.

Libellula quadrimaculata, L., Christiansand, Saetersteon and Molde.

Cordulia cBnea, L. — No doubt this was the species seen at Christiansand early
in the morning flying round one of the lakes, where later in the day it could not be
found ; two ? were taken in the pine woods close by ; it flew in numbers about the
large backwater of the Glommen at Saeterstoen, and was also common at the lake
near the same place.

Somatochlora metallica, Vand., not uncommon near Saeterstoen, a single ?
taken flying along the railway ; the males were usually found flying over the open
water surface, but never at the larger waters, which were usurped by cenea ; expan-
sion of brooks, larger peat holes, and similar collections of water, were the favoured
haunts of metallica. S. alpestris, Selys, three $ at Fokstueu. — IS. arctica, Zett.,
one ? at Saeterstoen.

Oomphus vulgatissimus, Linn., a single $ taken flying along the railway by
Hcrr Wattne on the day prior to our leaving Saeterstoen.

yEschna grandis, L., one or two at Domaas. — ^E. ccerulea, Strom, a few beauti-
fully coloured examples at Saeterstoen ; in the only one caught there the blue is I
think more extensive than in any other examples I have seen ; at Fokstuen the
species was very common ; I cannot say with certainty that it occurs at Molde, but
I believe I saw it there. — M. juncea, L., a few at Saeterstoen (perhaps too early),
much commoner at Molde.

Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Sulz., Christiansand.

Agrion hastulatum, Charp., common at Saeterstoen, taken also at Domaas and
Molde. — A. concinnum, Johanson, five (J and one ? of this most interesting little
Agrion taken at Saeterstoen ; first known from Sweden and Finland, it was sub-
sequently found in Siberia.

Enallagma cyathigerAm, Charp., not very common, but noticed at Christiansand
and Molde.

Lestes Dryas, Kby., just appearing at Saeterstoen.

In addition to the foregoing a Large number of Perlidce in formalin
was brought homo. T propose to deal with these insects specially at
another time.

D 2

32 [February,

RHOPALOCERA.

PapUiu Machaon, Linn., not uncommon about Saeterstoen, but past its best.
Aporia cratmgi, Linn., Christiansand ; common at Saetorstoen.
Pierls brassiccB, Linn., frequent at Saeterstoen. — P. napi, Linn., frequent at
Saeterstoen.

■ Anthocaris cardamines, Linn., common at Saeterstoen.

Leucophasia sinapis, Linn., most abundant at Saeterstoen ; seen also m the
Romsdal and at Molde.

Colias PafcB)w, Linn., fairlj abundant at Saeterstoen, and I believe seen
elsewhere.

Rhodocera rhatani, Linn., two worn examples at Saeterstoen.
Thecla rubi, Liini., swarming near Saeterstoen, but in poor condition.
Polyommatus Ilippothoe, Linn., common at Saeterstoen ; taken also at J^omaas
and Fladmark. — P. Phla:as, Linn., Saeterstoen and Fladmark.

Ltfccbna J£gun, W. V., in many localities. I left Norway with the impression
that this is one of the most abundant butterflies, but it is just possible I may have
confused it with Argus ; all the examples brought home arc apparently yEgon. — L.
optilete, Knock, a species which we overlooked, witli the result that we only brought
home odd examples from Saeterstoen, Domaas and Pokstuen. — L. Pheretes, Hiibn.,
extremely common at Domaas, rare at Fokstuen, taken also at Braendhaugen. — L.
Icaru,<i, Rott., common and very fine at Saeterstoen. — L. amanda, Schneid., not at
all uncommon at Saeterstoen. — L. argiolus, Linn., much worn, but many specimens
flying about tlie woods at Saeterstoen. — L. semiargus, Rott., common in several
localities. — L. Cgllarus, Rott., a few rather worn examples near Saeterstoen.

Vanessa c-album, urticce and Antiopa, Linn., all seen at Saeterstoen in hibernated
examples, the first being the most frequent.

Alelitcea Athalia, Rott., Christiansand ; very common at Saeterstoen, and spa-
ringly in the forest between Domaas and Fokstuen.

Argynnis Aphirape, Hiibn., var. Ossianns, Hbst., this species was most abundant
at Saeterstoen ; it frequented the opener localities of Chionobas Jutta, and also the
quite open moor. — A. Selene, Schiff., found in many localities commonly, but not at
Fokstuen. — A. Euphrosyne, Linn., found almost everywhere, including Fokstuen. —
A. Pales, Schiff., not very common, a few in beautiful condition at Fokstuen ; it
occurred also above Domaas and not far from Molde. — A. Freija, Thunb., a few
ragged examples at Saeterstoen, and one or two in better condition at Fokstuen. —
A. Lathonia, Linn., one or two flying along the railway at Saeterstoen. — A. Aglaia,
Linn., Saeterstoen, Domaas, the Romsdal and Molde ; rather common. — A. Niohe,
Linn., scarce at Domaas.

Erebia lappona, Esp., common at Fokstuen. — E. ligea, Linn., common and in
fine condition at Domaas ; one fresh specimen near Molde. — E. Emhlu, Thunb.,
common at Saeterstoen.

Chionobas Jutta, Hiibn., also common at Saeterstoen. — C. Noma, Thunb., not
scarce at Fokstuen, but almost utterly useless as specimens.

Pararge Mara, Linn., a good many seen in the Romsdal and at Molde. — P.
Hiera, Fabr., common at Saeterstoen. — /'. Megmra, Linn., iit Christiansand. — P.
2Egeria, Linn., a worn example at Saeterstoen.

1901.] 33

Ccenunympha Pamphilu.t, Linn., common at many places, but. not seen on the
liiglioi- Dovrefiold.— C. Tlphon, Rott.,at Saotcrstoon, on the great moor principally.

Si/richlhun ceiitaiireoi, Ramb., a fair series taken at Saetcrstoen ; worn examples
from Domaas and Fokstuen appear also to belong to this species. — "S. malvm, Linn.,
Saetcrstoen, common.

Nissoniades Tages, Linn., Saeterstoen and Christiansand.

Hesiperin si/Ivamis, Esp., Saetcrstoen, common.

13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh :
Octoher Lit, 1000.

A LIST OF THE T0RTRICID7E AND TINFANA OF THE PARISH
OF BONHILL, DUMBARTONSHIRE.

BY J. R. MALLOCn.

During the past four years T have been collecting Micros in this
district, and herewith submit the result of my efforts towards the
compilation of a list for the locality. I confined myself to the Parish
of Bonhill, situate at the southern extremity of Loch Lomond, and
consisting of a matter of about twelve square miles of ground, a great
portion of which is moorland and hill country. The highest elevation
is about 1000 feet. Among the more notable species are M. 2)(ihtsfrana,
P. ruhigiiiosnna, and A. Smeathmanniana in the TortrieidcE, and T.
imella, D. inarginepunctella, L. Incteella, A. GoedarteUa, var. literella,
and G. cethiops. The Nepticulce. have, T am son-y to say, been rather ne-
glected, but the LitliocolletidcB have been pretty well wrought out. The
nomenclature followed in that portion of this group, including L.
sorbi, is that of Mr. Eustace Bankes' recent monograph (L. concomi-
tella and its nearest allies, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., vol. x, No. 118 —
120, 1899). There is still a possibility of adding largely to this list,
more especially in the Tineina,\)Vit taking into consideration the small
space of ground covered, it is a fairly good show for the " small fry."
There is just the possibility that I may be able to continue my collect-
ing for another season on this ground, and if I manage to do so, I
shall, if I find any additional species, record them at the end of the
season. If I am prevented from pursuing the study of this group
here, I hope that the publication of this list will prompt others to
supplement my efforts with their own.

TORTRICIDiE.

Tortrix xylosteana, Linn., common and well distributed. /•os««a, Linn., very

common everywhere. heparana, Schiff., not uncommon, very dark. — riheana,

Hb., common and very variable. unifasciana, Dup., occurs on privet, Bonhill

34 [February,

Road, Ladytoii, &c., searco. vibuniiiiKt, lib , ubuiulaiit on Levenside Moor.

/;aZ/ea«rt, lib., occurs along tho Fortli and Clyde Kailway Enibankiucut, Jamestown,
not common. viridana, L., the most abundant species of the genus. mini-
strata, L., very common in some portions of the district, but more local than most

of the foregoing, Crofthugen, Bonhill, nnd Lerst^ Road; dark variety scarce.

Forsterana, Hb., scarce, one specimen at 'rullielu'wan, Alexandria.

Amphisa Gerningana, Sch., common on Lcvenside Moor, very variable.

prodromana, Hb., very common on Levenside Moor in April.

Peronea sponsana, Hb., common and generally distributed, Seldom well

marked. mixtana^'Rh., gs not uncommon in tlu> fall of the year, 9 s commonly

in March, April, and May, Levenside Moor. Schallcriana, L., not uncommon,

Crofthugen, Quarry Wood, &c. coniparafia, Hh., common, Crofthugen, Noble-

ston, Quarry Woods, &c. perplexana. Bar., occurs frequently at Crofthugen,

Bonhill. comariana, Zell., Levenside Moor. variegana, Sch., very common

throughout the district, dark leaden variety not uncommon. ferruffana, Tr., not

uncommon, Crofthugen, in the autumn and also in the spring (hibernated).

caledoniana, St., very abundant on Lcvenside Moor. Logiana, Sch., scarce,

Crofthugen. aspersana, Hb., common, Quarry Wood and Levenside Moor.

Rhacodia caudana, Hb., common among sallows, dark variety scarce ; var.
ochracea, St., not uncommon, Crofthugen, Nobleston, &c.

Teras contaminana, Hb., common and very variable, generally distributed.

Dictyopteryx L(rJiin(;iana,L.,sca,vce, Quarry Woods and Levenside. Hnlmi-

ana, L., scarce, Levenside. Bergmanniana, L., not uncommon, Nobleston,

Napierston, &c.

Argyrotoza Conwayana, Fb., common, Dumbarton Road, Levenside, and Croft-
hugen.

Ptycholoma Lecheana, Li., common on oak, seldom met with in the perfi'ct state,
but the larvae are easily found.

Penthina corticana, Hb., scarce, Levenside and Crofthugen. betuletana,

Haw., common on birch, Tullichewan, Levenside, &c. xororcniana, Zett., scarce,

Levenside. pruniana, Hb., not uncommon, generally distributed. variegana,

Hb., very common, met with everywhere in hawtliorn hedges.

lledya dealbana, Frol., scarce, Grallangad.

Spilonota trimacu/ana, Haw., Crofthugen and Dumbarton Road.

Pardia tripunctana, Fb., abundant among roses, generally distributed.

Sericoris cespitana, Hb., Levenside, scarce. urticana, Hb., not uncommon,

generally distributed. laeunana, Dup., Nobleston, Anchencarrocli, Crofthu-
gen, &c., not uncommon.

Mixodia Schulziana, Fb., very common on Levenside IVfoor. palustrana,

Zell., scarce, Levenside Woods.

Orthotania antiquana, Hb., scarce, Dillichip.

Cnephasia politana, Haw., common on Levenside Moor, bright varieties.

musculana, Hb., common, vei'y variable.

Sciaphila suhjectana, Gn., not uncommon, Levenside, Crofthugen, Tulliche-
wan, &c. virgaureana, Fr., met with almost everywhere, very dark. patcu-

1001.] 35

ana, lib., scarco, LeviMisido Woods. octomacidana, Haw., common along the

Forth and Clydo Railway, may be found coninioiily resting on paUngs.

Capua faciUaceana, Hb., scarce, Loch Loniondside.

Clepsis ruxticnua, Leveiisidc Moor and Noblcston, not uncommon on marshy
parts.

Bactra lanceolana, Hb., abundant in inarsby parts, varies from unicolorous
dark brown to white.

Phoxopteri/x unguicella, L., Carman Hill, and Levenside Moor. myrtiUana,

Fr., Levenside Moor, not uncommon.- Luiidann, Fb., connnon on Forth and

Clyde Railway, near Jamestown, and on Levenside. Mitterhaeheriana, Sch., scarce,

Q.uarry Woods.

Qrapholitha ramella, L., very common on birch ; var. Pa i/kul liana, common

and generally distributed. nisella, Clcrck, not uncommon in Crofthugcn Wood.

cineraria, Haw., scarce, Levenside. nigromaculana, Haw., not uncommon

and generally distributed, on ragwort. suhocelluna, Don., very common every-
where on sallows. trimaculana, Don., abundant on elm, Dumbarton Road and

Crofthugen.^ Penkleriana, Fisch., everywhere common on hazel. ncBvana, Hb.,

not uncommon on holly, Crofthugen, Levenside, &c. geminnna, St., common

among " blaeberry," Levenside Moor and Croftliugen.

Phlceodes tetraquetrana, Haw., not uncommon, Levenside, Gallangad, and
Crofthugen. immundana, Fisch., Gallangad and Crofthugen.

Hypermecia augustana, Hb., common and generally distributed, on sallow. In
1898 I bred a specimen of this species, vvhicli when it emerged possessed but three
wings, showing no signs of the left hind-wing.

Batodes anyustiorana, Haw., scarce, usually taken at rest on walls, Dillichip.

Pcedisca bilunana, Haw., not common, Crofthugen. rubiginosana, H.-S.,

scarce, Quarry Wood and Levenside Moor. corticana, Hb., abundant everywhere.

ophthalmicana, Hb., common on poplars, Crofthugen. occultana, Dough,

very common among pine woods, Levenside Moor. Solandriana, L., not common,

Crofthugen. sordidana, Hb., very common, Crofthugen, Levenside, &c.

Ephippiphora similana, Hb., not uncommon, Crofthugen, Quarry Woods, &c.

c«V*/ana, ZcU., Forth and Clydo Railway, near Jamestown. PJlugiana,JIaw.,

very common on Levenside Moor, &c., larva common in stems of thistles. Brun-

nichiana, Frol., very common near Jamestown, Levenside, &c. inopiana, Haw.

scarce, Jamestown. trigeminana, St., scarce, Quarry Wood.

Coccyx spJendidulana, Gn., scarce, Crofthugen. argyranu, common, Croft-
hugen. tcEdella, Clerck, common among firs, Levenside Moor, &c. nanana,

Tr., not uncommon, Levenside Moor, along with teedella. vacciniana, Fisch.,

Levenside Moor.

Pamplusia mercuriana, Hb., very common on moorlands.

Retinia pinioorana, Zell., common in j)ine woods. resinella, L., scarco,

Levenside.

Carpocapsa siplendana, Hb., one specimen, Alexandria. pnmonella, L., not

uncommon, about gardens.

30 [February,

Stigmotiota coniferana, Ratzb., not iineommon in pine woods, Cvoftlutgen and

Levcnsido Moor. perlepidana. Haw., abundant along the embankments of the

Forth and Clyde Railway near Jamestown. roseticolana, Zell., scarce, Quarry

Wood.

Dicrorampha Petiverella, L., very comniou on the F. and C. Railway near

Jamestown, flies readily in the afternoon. plumhana, Scop., Levenside Moor, flies

in the sunshine. herbosann, Bar., very common, Crofthugen, Levenside, &c.,

flies principally in the evening, may be seen swarming along the hedgerows.

Pyrodes Rhediella, Clerck, scarce. Hue G-len.

Catoptria ulicetana, Haw., very abundant on furze. cana, Haw., common,

Levenside, Woodside, &c.

Trycheris nurana, Fb., common on Heracleum flowers, flies in the sunshine,
but may be taken at rest on dull days, or in the evening on the flower heads.

Simaethis oxyacanthella, L., very abundant everywhere.

Eupoecilia nana, Haw., common, Quarry Wood. atricapitana, St., scarce,

Q.uarry Wood. maculosana, Haw., scarce, Crofthugen and Quarry Wood.

angustana, Hb., abundant on moorlands. cilieJla, Hb., not uncommon on the

railway banks near Jamestown.

Xanthosetia hamana, L., scarce, Quarry Wood.

Argyrolepia Hartmanniana, Clerck, scarce, Levenside Moor. badiana, Hb.,

scarce, Levenside. cnicana, Dbl., not uncommon, Crofthugen, Levenside, &c.

Conchylis Smeathmanniana, Fb., scarce, Q.uarry Wood. straminea, Haw., very

common and generally distributed.

Aphelia osseana. Scop., not uncommon in marshy parts, Levenside, &c.

Tortricodes hyemana, Hb., common, Cameron and Tullichewan.

{To he continued).

THE GENERIC NOMENCLATURE OF THE NOCTUA POPULARIS
OF FABRICIUS.

BY LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

Mr. McLachlan pointed out a few years ago (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
xxxii, p. 175) that the name Neuronia, Hb., wliich is applied to the
above species in many of our lists, was pre-occupied, and therefore
untenable, and that another generic name would be required. Mr.
Barrett, however (Brit. Lep., iv, pp. 133, 266), while avoiding the use
of the pre-occupied name, has also succeeded in avoiding the necessity
of a new one, having applied Heliophohus, Boisd., to popnlaris and
cespitis, and UlocJilcena, Led., of which the type is hirta, to hispidus.
This is satisfactory in so far that it corrects Lederer's erroneous re-
striction of Heliophohus to hispidus, and for some time I hoped it
might prove to be perfectly sound on the historical method of type-

1901.] 37

fixation; for Stephens (Syst. Cat., ii, p. H2 : III. Haust., ii, p. 189)
restricts the TIcliophuhus of Boisduval to popularis and leucopluea,
removing snponaricd to Hndena, and Westwood, in 1840, specifies
2)opularis as the type. But some valuable notes on the exact dates of
publication of Du))onchers Hist. Nat. Lep., have been kindly placed
at my service by Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, F.Z.S.,and these show posi-
tively that Duponchel's List of Noctuid types (Tom. vii, Pt. 2, pp.
71, 72, March 21st, 1829) appeared prior to Stephens' work (June 1st,
1829), and that therefore we must look to him and not to Stephens
for the first restriction of the genus ; and inasmuch as he selects
saponaricB for the type, Stephens and Westwood must be ruled " out
of order," and Neuria, Gn. (with type saponariw), must sink as a
synonym before Heliophobus.

The question which remains is whether popularis be really con-
generic with cespitis, Fab., with which Mr. Barrett unites it; if so,
the correct generic name is either Tholera, Hb. (Verz., p. 214), a
mixed genus, which by Stephens' first use (List Brit. Anim., p. 68,
1850) would become restricted to the type cespitis, or, rather, Charceas,
Steph. [111. Haust., ii, p. 108 (1829)], to which Westwood in 1840
assigns the same type, cespitis. But if, as I half fear, the two species
in question should prove to be not congeneric, I believe the introduction
of a new generic name for popularis will be unavoidable ; at any rate,
a very thorough investigation of the literature has failed to reveal any
existing one which could possibly be applied to it.

Note. —Perhaps as I have mentioned Charaas, Steph., I ought to
add that its application to graminis, L., is utterly erroneous ; only four
years after the foundation of the genus Curtis erected the monotypical
Cerapteryx ioY graminis, ViwA in 1850 Stephens himself accepted this
as a restriction of his Charcsas.

246, Richmond Road, N.E. :
November Hth, 1900.

ON A SPANISH BEMBIDIUM (Suhgen. TESTEDIOLUM).
BY D. SUARP, M.A., M.D., F.B.S.

The species of Bemhidium allied to B. glaciate are of considerable
interest, ovAing to the fact that, in consequence of their peculiar
habitat, they are in certain districts completely segregated ; so that
the individuals of one such segregated area never mix with those from
another. These insects dwell about the edges of melting snow-fields,
and are only to be found where such snow-fields occur every year, and

38 [Pebru:iry,

are of (ixtciit sufricicnt to ensure that the\' do not disappear until the
warm season is well advanced, hi such places these Bemhidiiom may
be found in great profusion ; but I have never heard of a single ex-
ample being found away from the natural habitat, or at an elevation
of less than GOOO feet.

Although these insects are abundant in their native haunts they
are not very well represented in collections, and considerable difference
of opinion has been expressed as to the number of species, their
characters and synonymy. The last edition of Reitter's Catalogue
admits five species, two only of which are supposed to occur in
Western Continental Europe ; the others are from the Caucasus,
Turkey and Corsica. The species from the last locality is known I
believe only by a single example in the late M. Reiche's collection.
As regards the two species of Central Europe, B. glaciale and B.
pyrenceum, much difference of opinion has prevailed. Ganglbauer
admits them as valid. I have never found B. (jJnciale, but B. pyrenceum
I have come across in several localities, viz., 8avoy (Albertville), East
Pyrenees (Canigou), the Cantabrian Mountains (Reynosa and Picos
d'Europa). Notwithstanding this rather wide distribution, T think all
the individuals from the localities mentioned are one species ; tliough
as T have preserved but a small number of specimens my opinion is
not a very strong one.

B. pyrenceum is recorded by Grraells (Mem. Com. mapa geol.
Espaila, 1855, Zool., p. 32) as occurring in Central and Southern
Spain, " Pirineos orientales, Cataluiia alta y Andalucia, Granada."

I found specimens on the edges of the large snow-field on the
Pico de Peiialara in the Sierra Guadarrama ; and also on an alpine
meadow in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of about 10,000 feet.
These specimens show well marked differences from the more northern
insects, and I think should be separated. The Andalusian examples
are the most distinct ; the specimens from the Guadarrama apj)roach-
ing distinctly to those from the Cantabrian mountains.

AVe may assume the Sierra Nevada form to be B. monfanum,
Rambur. It is 4 — 4| mm. long, of depressed form, with the thorax
very much narrowed behind, and the basal constricted portion longer
than in any of the other forms ; the elytral punctuation is finer, and
almost entirely obliterated at the sides and apex ; the antenna? are
more slender than they are in the allied forms. Rambur described B.
mofitanum from a single individual found, " dans les montagnes de la
Sierra Nevada." His description is very poor, and would not lead
one to refer it to an ally of B. ylncinlc, though it contains nothing
incompatible with the insect I am discussing. It is placed in the

1001.] 39

recent catalogues as a syiiouyui of B. pyrenodum, so that the name may
l)e applied to the Sierra Nevada species without giving rise to any con-
fusion. Kambur collected I believe in the same spot as that in which
the specimens before me were found, viz., near the top of the great
valley in the Alpujarras, leading up from Lanjaron to the high ridge
in propinquity to the summit of Mu]ha9en.

The individuals from the snow-fields of the Sierra Guadarrama
certainly approach considerably to the Cantabrian form. In size and
general appearance they resemble B. viontanum, but the thorax has
the basal constricted portion less elongate. This form may bear the
name of B. carpetnnum. Although I think it probable that if speci-
mens were captured in large numbers all the forms, including B.
glnciale, would be found to be connected ; yet, as the great majority
of specimens can apparently be separated, it is well to have distinct
names for the forms.

Cambridge : October 16th, 1900.

CHRYSOPA DORS ALTS, Bttem., A SPECIES NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.

Amongst some Neuroptera collected by Mr. Beaumont in 1900 I
find a very good example of this rather striking species, taken at
Oxshott, Surrey, on July 7th. It is a fir-frequenting insect, widely
spread over Europe, extending to Scandinavia, but possibly nowhere
very common. Personally I have met with it only in Belgium and
Switzerland, in single examples.

Ch. dorsaJis is much like Ch. peria, L., and is liable to be confounded there-
with. It is of the same form, with much black on the body, and the neuration very
nuich mixed with black. Ch. perla can always be distinguished by the distinct
blue-gveon colour of the pale parts, very conspicuous on the wing. In Ch. dorsalis
the body colour is yellowish-green rather than blue-green, and there is a very broad
unbroken black margin on either side of the pronotum ; in perla this margin is
more or less broken up by the pale ground : the sub-costa in the anterioa-wings is
black in dorsalis, at any rate in its basal half; it is green in perla : the costal area
in the anterior wings is much narrower in dorsalis : and as a structural character
of great importance the tarsal claws are simple in dorsalis (as in phyllochroma,
Wesm., &c.), and much dilated at the base in perla : there are also differences in
the markings of the head, &c., but the characters above-noticed will suffice to se-
parate the two. A variety in which the femora are more or less piceous has received
the name of pini (Brauer).

Mr. Beaumont has generously allowed me to retain the specimen_
Although many insects of comparatively feeble flight are liable to
appear " sporadically " in an unaccountable manner, I think it more
likely that Gh. dorsalis has been overlooked, on account of its re-
semblance to perla, by the few^ entomologists who attend to these
insects.

Lewisham, London : Dec. 2^rd, 1900.

40 [Februaiy,

ON THE NEW NOMENCLATURE OF HIE FAMILY CECIDOMYIM,
ADOPTED BY MR. RUIJSAAMEN AND OTHERS.

BY BARON C. K. v. d. OSTEN SACKEN, Hon. F.E.S.

During my studies on Cecidomyidce in the United States, I have
had occasion to become acquainted with the history of their classifica-
tion, and when Dr. Karsch, in his Inaugural Dissertation (Revision
der Gallmilcken, Miinster, 1S77), made an attempt to change the at
that time existing nomenclature, in virtue (as he thought) of the
p7'inciple of priority, I was fully prepared to interpose my objection
in my Cat. N. A. Dipt., 2d ed., 1878, p. 215, where I said, " that the
general adoption of these changes does not seem at all desirable."
Dr. Karsch's principal innovation consisted in assuming that Meigen's
original Cecidomyia (IHig. Mag., 1803) should be considered as a sy-
nonym of Diplosis, Loew (1850), because the species adopted by
Meigen as type in 1808 (Tipula pini, Deg.) was a Diplosis (Karsch,
/. c, p. 11).

Mr. E. H. Eiibsaamen, a colleague of Dr. Karsch in the Berlin
Museum, adopted this view in his paper. Die Gallmiicken des Konigl.
Mus., &c., in Berlin (Berl. Ent. Z., 1892), and introduced other inno-
vations, the ultimate result of which was that, contrai'y to the general
rule of nomenclature, the generic name of Cecidomyia. was dropped,
and other genera substituted for it : Oliyofrophus, Latr., Itho2)nlocera,
n. g., Dichelomyia, n. g., &c. (/. c., p. 320).

To Mr. Eiibsaamen belongs the undoubted merit of having in-
troduced an improved method of the scientific study of the Cecidomyidce^
and of developing it since with remarkable diligence. It would have
appeared invidious on my part to interfere with his success by pub-
lishing at that time a criticism of his nomenclature, and I have
preferred therefore to inform him privately of my disagreement with
him. As he did not accept my opinion, I see no reason why I should
(after an interval of eight years) withhold it any longer from the
public.

The first steps, both of Meigen and Latreille, in defining the
concept of Cecidomyia, were merely tentative. In " Tlliger's Magazin"
(1803) Meigen founded this genus upon De Geer's figure of his Tipula
pini. The short definition is taken from this figure : " Antenna? por-
rect, bent upwards, knotty, bristly (knotig, borstig) ; 24-jointed in
the male, 12-jointcd in the female." The same definition is found in
Meigen's " Klassification," &c. (ISOi). Meigen had never seen the
insect, and, as late as lsl8, in his System. Beschr., i, p. 99, he mentions

1901.] 41

it among the species unknown to him. In the KLissification (iSO-t),
pp. 38 — 39, Meigen explicitly avows his limited knowledge of the
genus, and says about the diagnosis : " Whether all the species partake
of these characters 1 cannot tell ; the number of the antennal joints
seems to be variable. In general this genus requires more study yet."
Under such circumstances MM. Karsch and Riibsaamen had no reason
to assume, as they did, that Meigen, in adopting his original definition
of Gecidomyia, intended to make it permanent, and thus unwittingly
forestalled the concept of Diplosits, Loew ! Meigen would certainly
have protested against such an assumption, and would have referred
to his principal work, in which he again acknowledges his uncertainty
about the number of the joints of the antennae. In his Syst. Beschr.,
i, p. 93, the diagnosis says : " Antenna) porrect, mam/ -jointed, joints
separated ;" the detailed characterization which follows adds : " The
number of joints is difficult to determine, because they are very easily
damaged in captivity. I have generally found 24 in the male and only
12 in the female ; Cec. ribesii (^ has 12-joiuted antenna)."

In presence of such positive statements about the uncertainty of
Meigen in the matter of the number of the joints of the antennae, the
expression of Mr. Kiibsaamen, that Meigen had become unfaithful to
himself {''' wei\ Meigen sich selbst spater untreu wurde ") is not well
chosen ! (Comp. Berl. E. Z., 1892, p. 325, line 14 from top).

The first mention of Gecidomyia in Latreille's publications occurs
in the Dictioun., &c., of Deterville, 1st ed., vol. xxiv, 1804, p. 107, and
in the Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins., vol. xiv, 1805, p. 292. The defini-
tion is the same in both publications : " Anteunes filiformes a articles
presque egaux, globuleux, velus ; trompe saillante ; ailes couchees
horizoutalement sur le corps. Tijo. pini, Deg." The new genus Oli-
gotrophus is introduced at the same time ; its definition is as follows :
" Trompe point saillante, antennes moniliformes, tete transversale ; je
rapporte a ce genre la Tipule des galles du Genevrier de De Geer, vi,
tab. 25, f. 7, 8." That the definitions of both genera were based merely
upon De Geer's figures is evident. Winnertz's (Stett. Ent. Z., 1854,
p. 324) supposition, that Latreille knew De Geer's jiiniperina in nature
seems to me very improbable.

In Latreille's first matured work on Diptera, the Genera, &c.,
vol. iv, p. 252 (1809), he gave up his Oligotrophns and introduced the
genus Gecidomyia, as follows : —

Gen. (533. — Gecidomyia, Latr., lllig. — Tipula, De Geer. — Oligo-
trophus, Latr. — Ghirononius, Fabricii.

The Cec/(/o«2yiV?, Latr., lllig., means here of course, Latreille, Meigen

42 [Febmaiy,

in Illigcr'H l\[;iga.zin (1808). Upon this follows a descriptive notice of
the characters of tlie imago, a few words about the larvjc, pupa? and
galls, aud a list of the species previously described. The number of
joints of the antennse is stated thus: — " illorum rumiero pro sexu
vario " (12 in feminis, 24 in masculis, Meigeu), which proves that
Latreille, in this case, relied on Meigen's " Klassification " (1804).

This passage of Latreille (1809) became the starting ]joint of the
generic concept, Cecidomi/ia, Meigen-Latueille, which, with the im-
provement in its definition introduced by Meigen in his principal
work of 1818, has prevailed in Dipterology up to the time when
Rondani and Loew began to subdivide the genus. This essential fact
has been entirely overlooked by MM. Karsch and Riibsaaraen, or, at
least, their nomenclature is in entire disagreement with it. (Meigen,
in his work of 1818, had introduced in the definition the very useful
character, " first joint of the tarsi very short ").

Rondani has maintained this concept, and, in his very first work
on Cecidomyia (Memoria Seconda, &c., 1840, p. 12), in the enumera-
tion of the genera, we find : Grenus V, Cecidomyia, Meigen-Latkeille,
after which Rondani goes on with his own subdivisions. Mr. Rlib-
saamen has not noticed this passage, and has misinterpreted Rondani
(in his paper of 1892, p. 324, at bottom), when he praises him for
having acted with perfect correctness, and for having shown respect to
Meigen's memory (" pietatvoll gehandelt") in restoring the genus
Cecidomyia in the original oneaning of Meigen, that is, as having 24
anteunal joints in the male and 12 in the female, and being therefore
a Diplosis in the sense of Loew. (The quotation from Loew's Progr.,
1850, p. 20, adduced by Riibsaamen in the same place, p. 325, at top,
is correct as far only as it refers to Cecidomyia, Kond., sensu stricto,
in his Mem., 2^'^, pp. 13 — 15 [1840], and not to Genus V, Cccydomyia,
Meig., Latr., on p. 12 of the same paper).

Thus far I have shown that Mr. Riibsaamen's new nomenclature
has been based upon an entire misunderstanding of Meigen's, La-
treille's and Rondani's publications on the subject.

In regard to Rondani especially, it is difiicult to understand how
Mr. Rubsaamen has not perceived in that author's papers on Cecidomyia
there is not a single allusion to the concept of the principal genus
which he attributes to him. On the contrary, in the Stirpis Cecido-
myidarum r/enera revisa (Atti, &c., di Milano, vol. ii, 1861), published
eleven years after Loew's Monograph of 1850, the genera Cecidomyia
and Diplosis are characterized as usual (on p. 12) : Cecidomyia, under
F is mentioned as having the same number of antenual joints in both

1901.] 43

sexes ; and Diplosis, iiiuler FF, as having half the luunber of joints
in the female : " feuiinfi nuinero circiter duplo miuori articulis inascu-
lorum." I have searched in vain for auy reference to Meigeu's
KlassificatioD (1804) iii Eondaui'a works, and I am inclined to believe
that he never possessed, nor consulted, that now rather rare volume.*

It is so many years since I have given up the study of Cecidomi/lcE,
that it would be impossible for me to propose now any improvement
in the present nomenclature of the Family. I would only venture to
suggest that the concept Cecydomyia, Meigen-Latreille, in its main
features, was a very natural and useful generic concept, and should
have been preserved, es{)ecially in view of the mnemonic requirements
of classification. On this subject, and on the mischief of unneces-
sarily multiplying genera, I have expressed my opinion in the Berl.
Eut. Z., 1895, p. 160, at bottom, where I have said, "The true end of
classification is an easier survey of affinities, a temporary aid to
memory. In space and time all divisions become convergent and
finally coufiuent." What I would propose now would be to restore, as
far as possible, the original concept of Cecidomyiu of Meigen and
Latrcille, and to consider tlie very numerous new genera, since formed
at its expense, as subgenera.

MM. Karsch and Eiibsaamen have done so much useful work
since their beginnings, that 1 hope they will not take in bad part the
publication of a criticism which I have kept in petto for thirty years.
Heidolbcrg : January, 1901.

ABEEDEENSHIRE DIPTERA.
BY TUE REV. E. N. BLOOMPIELD, M.A., F.E.S.

Mr. J. Mearns, of Aberdeen, has kindly sent me for confirmation
or determination the greater part of his collection of Dq)tera ; among
them are some very interesting species, I therefore now give a
selection from them.

In the "Scottish Naturalist " for July, 1883, there is a good list
by Mr. W. Armston Vice, M.B., of JDiptera taken by himself in the
north of Scotland, principally near Aberdeen, and also a few taken by
Mr. Vcrrall in 1870 near Aberdeen, and at Braemar.

Most of Mr. Mearns' species are the same as are contained in
this list, but there are a good number of additions, some very common

* The bookseller Hoepli, in Milan, pnvohasod Rondani'.s library after his death, and I then
acquired .several works which belonged to it, among others the complete collection of Rondani's
liand-copieK of his own publications. Of this collection I liave made a present to the Italian
Entomological Society in Florence. I do not reniember noticing Meigon's Klassification (1S04) in
Hoepli's Catalogue at that time.

44 [February,

.specicH, and otliors of considerable! interest. The very connnon
species, such as Ilomalomi/ia cauicular/s, &c., are not now included,
and those species which are already recorded near Aberdeen in Mr.
Vice's list I have marked *.

All the following species were met with at no great distance from
Aberdeen, the neighbourhood of Banchory, which is about 25 miles
to the west, being the most distant.

LiMNOBiD^. — Symplecta punctipennis, Mg., Banchory ; Phalacrocera repli-
cata, Jj , White Stripes, near Aberdeen.

TiPULiDJS. — *Dolichopeza sylvlcola, Curt., Banchory : Tipiila Dianw, Mg.,
White Stripes; this species and P. replicata were several times bred.

TABANIDJ2. — Chrysops relictus, Mg., Locli Skene ; Then'oplectes ? sohtitialis,
Mg., Banchory ; a very variable series, perhaps not all the same species. Taba-
iius cordiger, W., and Atylotus ftilvns, Mg., Banchory.
LEPTID.3E. — * Sympheromyia crassicornis, Pz.

SYKPHlD.ffi. — Paragus tibialis, Fin., and Chilosia sparscf, Lw., Banchory;
PyrophcBna ocymi, F., Muchals, Kincardine, Stain ; Didea intermedia, Lw., *Syr-
phus punctulatus, Ver., iS. compositarum, Ver., and S. grossularia, Mg., all near
Banchory, <S'. topiarius, Mg., Invercannie, near Banchory ; the specimen of this
very rare species is now in the collection of the Edinburgh Museum of Science
and Art; S. annulipes, Zett., S. trici)ictu/i and 6'. albostriatus, Fin., Banchory;
*ArctophiIa mussitans, F., Countess Wells and Hazelhead ; Eristalis sepul-
chralis, L., Aberdeen Links ; *E. rupium, F., Loch Skene and Banchory ;
Uelophilvs trivittatus, F., and H. hybn'dus, Lw., Aberdeen Links ; *II. lineatus,
F., Bishop's Loch ; Xylota Jiorum, F., near Aberdeen ; Merodou equestris, F. ;
*Chryxofoxum arcuatum, L., Banchory.

CoNOPics;. — Conops ceriiformis, Mg., Invercannie ; this specimen is now in
tbe Edinburgh Museum collection ; Sicus ferrugineus, L., Invercannie.

TACIIINID.S:. — *EcMnomyia grossa, L.

MusciDiE. — Caliiphora groenlandica, Zctt., Aberdeen Links, not uncommon.

Antuomtid.*;. — Limnophora compuncta, W., and Drymeia hamata, Fin., Loc.
Skene.

C0BDYLUEID.E. — Hydromyza Falleni, Schin., Hazelhead, and SScatophaga
villipes, Zett.

SciOMYZiD^. — Dryomyza anilis. Fin. ; *D. Jiaveola, F. ; Tetanocera ferrii-
ginea, Fin. ; T. robusta, Lw., Braes of Don ; 1\ reticulata, L., Hazelhead.

Oktalid^. — PteropcectriufrondescenticB, L., Invercannie.

Tbypetid^. — Trypeta onotrophes, Lw., Urophora solstitialis, L., and Tephritis
miliaria, near Banchory.

Loncu^IDjE. — Palloptera uinbcUatarum, F., and P. arcuata, Fin., Invercannie.

Opomyzid^. — Balioptera combinata, L., Invercannie.

Several of the above species have not, I think, been hitherto re-
corded from Scotland, as for instance, Tahanus cordiger, W., of which
a specimen is in the Edinbni\gh Museuu) collection.

Guestling Rectory, Hastings :
December, 19U0.

1901.] 45

Cerastis ligida, Esp., at Poyntzpass, Ireland. — When the ivy came into
blossom in October last I began to look out for moths, but finding not many at the
ivy I tried sugaring some trees down my avenue, and by this means obtained some
extra specimens. Among my captures, both at ivy and at sugar, was a Cerastis,
which at first I tliought to be vaccinii, L., but becoming doubtful I referred the
specimens to Mr. Barrett, who kindly examined them for me, and then it appeared
that I had captured C. ligula as well as C. vaccinii. This capture is of interest as
lifjula does not appear to be at all common in Ireland. Moths of any kind wei'e
far from plentiful, and only on one night were there more than half a dozen to be
captured.

Besides C. ligitla I took a single specimen of Agrotis saucia, Hiib., on
November 1st at sugar ; Scopelosoma sateLlitia, L., at ivy and sugar, three forms, viz.,
with reniform stigma white, orange, almost obliterated being the same colour as the
rest of the wing ; Calocampa exoleta, L., a good many at sugar ; Hhnera pennaria,
L., several flying at ivy. I did not notice any of them settled on the blossoms, but
perhaps I did not give them time. The ivy grows on the gable of my house, and I
place a ladder against the wall and then mount with net and lantern, moving the
ladder as I require. It is curious that though there was ivy in blossom in the
hedges of my garden, yet there were no moths about it at all. I noticed also that
I got most moths about ten feet from the ground.— W. F. Johnson, Acton Q-lebe,
Poyntzpass : December 1th, 1900.

He-appearance of Gelechia malvella in the London district. — It afforded me
great pleasure to find this insect in fair numbers in my garden last July, as hitherto
diligent search, both for larva and imago, had proved fruitless.

Stainton, in " Insecta Britannica " (vol. iii, p. 106), refers to the moth as " a
common species in gardens," and in the " Manual " (vol. ii, p. 330) adds, " a pest
in the larva state." This, no doubt, was perfectly accurate when these works were
written, but in recent years the species has become greatly restricted in its distribu-
tion, owing to the hollyhock, which was formerly found in most gardens, having gone
out of favour by reason of its being attacked and killed by the well-known disease. My
good fortune in taking this moth is most likely due to my neighbours having the last
two or three years gone in extensively for Althcea. I had hoped to obtain a supply
of larvae in the autumn, but the plants were cut down and burned befoi'e an oppor-
tunity occurred to bespeak the seed heads. — B. A. Bower, Eltham Road, Lee, Kent:
January 12th, 1901.

Spilodes sticticalis in North-West Kent. — The occurrence of this species in
this part of Kent is, I think, worthy of notice, as I can find no published account of
its capture in it. There is a rumour that at some remote time it was found in the
lucttiosa field by Darenth Wood, but confirmation is not forthcoming. My captures,
which number four, were late ones, being made from August 29th to September 6th,
1900, and over the country lying between Halstead and Wilmington. — Id.

Anticlea sinuata in Devon. — '^it\\ reference to Mr. George T. Porritt's
interesting notice in last month's Ent. Mo. Mag. of captures in South Devon, and
his quei'y as to whether the occurrence of this species is not new to the county, I

E

46 [February,

bog to stij' tliat some years ago, between 18G5 — 9, I think, when I was in TI.M.S.
" Britannia," at Dartmouth, I took this nioth upon two occasions and in widelv
different localities — once near Slapton and again near Buckfastleigh.--GuuvASE
P. Mathew, Dovercom-t, Essex : January Uh, 1901.

Wharfedale Trichoptera, lIJ'c. — During a week's visit to Grrassington-in-Wharf-
dale — a lovely district reached by a nine to ten miles' drive from Skipton- -from
June lltl) to 18tli last, I secured on the River Wharfc Odontocerum a/bicorne,
Agapetus comatus and Qlossosoma vernale, three species of Trichoptera hitherto
unrecorded for Yorkshire. Of tiiesc, A. comatus occurred in profusion in trees
along the riverside ; but the other two appeared to be much rarer. Two other
interesting species which also occurred iji great abundance were EccUsopteryr
guttulata and Lasiocephala basali.i, the former at dusk flying in almost a continuous
stream up from the river over Grassington Bridge, whilst in the daytime almost
every tap of the beating stick brought out L. basalis in plenty from the bushes on
many parts of the river side. Among numerous other species also occurred Drusus
annulatus, Scricostoma personatum, Leptocerus nigro-nervosus, L. annnlicornis,
Tinodes moeneri, and Polycentropnx flavomuculatus in greater or smaller numbers.
In the beautiful Grass Wood, which rises from the bank of the river, the following
Lepidoptera were noted: — Venusia cambricaria, Venilia maculata (common),
Melanthia albicillata (common), Cgmatophora duplaris, EnnycMa octumaculata,
and numerous other species.— Gkorgk T. Poeeitt, Crosland Hall, near Hudders-
field : January Zrd, 1901.

JEschna mixta, Latr., at Appledore, Kent. — Two ^ and one $ of J?, mixta
were taken by Mr. Beaumont at Appledore, near Ashford, on August 22nd and 23rd
and September lUtli, respectively, 1900. This species has been so widespread, and
often common in the South of England this year, as to induce one to think that
immigration may have had something to do with its appearance. The other
Odonata taken by Mr. Beaumont iii the same locality arc unimportant, but are
here enumerated for the sake of local data. They are: — Sympetrum striolatum,
Chp., 8. sanguineum, Miill., Mschna cyanea, Midi., Ischnura elegans, V. d. L., and
Lestes spunsa, Hansm. — R. McLachlan, Lewisham, London : December 23rd, 1900.

Ccecilius atricornis, M'Lach., at Appledore, Kent.— Of this semi-aquatic Psocid
Mr. Beaumont found two examples, both apparently males and slightly immature,
on September 8th last. The life-history of this species would probably prove
interesting, for it frequently occurs in localities which for part ot the year, at any
rate, juust be under water. — Id.

Micromus aphidivorus, Schrk. {aitgulatus, tSteph.), at Oxshott. — Mr. Beaumont
captured a fine example of this at Oxshott on October 12th, 1900, which seems a
late date. Although widespread in this country the species seems to almost always
occur singly. There may be some doubt about the application of the name " aphi-
divorus." It was Ilagen who first introduced it as applied to this species {cf. Ent.
Mo. Mag., ii, p. 59). But later on (Proc. Bos. Soc. N. H., xxiii, p. 281) he say.s
that after a careful examination of Schrank's description he is "convinced that 11.

1001.] 47

aphidivorus is not this species," and he uses the specific name atigulatus, Steph.,
which is the next ohlcst. Here, tlien, is a diU^mnia. I have not studied the subject,
and in continuing to use "aphidivorus" I do so without prejudice, and if I were
writing a new inonon;raph of the Brit. Planipennia it is quite possible I should use
" angulatics," whicli is certain, according tci the type specimen. — Id.

Mantis re/ iff iosa, L., naturalised in the State of New York. — Bulletin 185 of the
Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (November, 1900) consists of
an account hy Prof. Slingerland of the discovery of M. religiosa in considerable
numbers near Kochestcr, N.Y. When first discovered in 1899 it was thought to be
identical with some species indigenous in the southern States. But as time went on
doubts arose, and it was eventually submitted to Mr. Scudder, who traced its
identity with the European insect. The species seems quite at home and stands the
winter of the State of New York. No one knows exactly how it came there, but the
district is a great nursery centre and imports large quantities of plants from Europe,
especially from France, so it was probably introduced in that way. As the insect is
considered highly beneficial, it is suggested that steps be taken to preserve it, and
especially to discourage its capture and destruction hy children. — Eds.

The pale variety of Bomhus Smithianus, White, in Scotland. — Referring to
Mr. E. Saunders's instructive article on this boo in this Magazine for 189G (pp. 275-
277), I find that the variety having the hairs on the under-side of the body, and on
the legs pale yellow instead of black, is quite a common insect in Scotland, and is
the Bombus which has hitherto stood in Scottish collections and lists under the
successive specific names of senilis, cognatus, and veniistus. I have compared males
taken by myself near Kingussie (Inverness-shire), Aberfoyle (S.W. Perthshire), and
Elvanfoot (Lanarkshire), and also specimens from the Perth district, Dumbarton-
shire, and Kirkcudbrightshire, kindly sent mc by Messrs. Eodger, Malloch, and
Service, with males of typical Smithianus from Shetland, and find them to all
appearance identical, which Mr. Saunders, who has been good enough to examine
several of them for me, says they undoubtedly are. Besides these males I have
females and workers from the same and other localities, which I cannot but regard
as belonging to the same form, though the absence of any known structural differ-
ence between $ and ? of Smithianus and those of venustiis precludes, in the mean-
time, absolute certainty of identification. Specimens clearly, I think, of this form
from Scotland were referred by Smith to his senilis (afterwards venustus), for we
read in the first edition of his "Catalogue" (p. 215), "Females (of .senilis) from
Perthshire are exceedingly bright in colouring," and $ and ? from Moray were so
named by him for Dr. Gordon (Scot. Nat., 1887, p. 177). There is no evidence,
however, that he ever examined a J . Had he done so the similarity of the "arma-
ture " to that of Smithianus is not likely to have escaped his notice. Venustus, as
now restricted, seems to be a more southern insect, and the question arises, does it
occur in Scotland ? Only the capture of a (J can settle the point conclusively.
Now that this pale race of Smithianus is likely to be much in evidence, some dis-
tinctive name for it {B. Smithianus, var., or racu, pallidus, say) would be a decided
convenience. That the names .lenilis and cognatus are out of court has been clearly
explained to me by Mr. Saunders — William Evans, 38, Morningsido Park, Edin-
burgh : January H)th, 1901.

E 2

48 [February,

Scottish Aculeates. — With reference to Mr. A. A. Dalglisli'a interesting records
of Aculeate Uymenoptera in tlie West of Scotland, published in the January
number of tliis Magazine {ante p. 7), I would point out that Odynerus spiiu/ies,
L., and HaJictus tumulorum, L., arc both in Mr. T. M. McGregor's list of Perth-
shire Aculeate.i, published a number of years ago in the "Transactions of the
Perthshire Society of Natural Science " (see vol. i, pp. 72, 105). The first-named
species had even then, however, been ten years on the Scottish list from Banffshire
(Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc, Aberdeen, 1878, p. 47). In the Forth district I have taken
H. tumulorum in abundance at Dunbar and Longniddry. A record by Mr. Saunders
of Pompilus unguicularis, Thorns., from Golspie, appeared in this Magazine for
November last. — Id. : January 1th, 1901.

Chrysis Ruddii, Shuck., in Scotland. — In June, 1893, I secured an example of
this Chrysid near Aviemore (Inverness-shire), and have since taken others at
Kinghorn and Inverkeithing (Fife), and Dunbar (East Lothian) ; identification
confirmed by Rev. F. D. Morice. I have not seen any previous record of the species
from Scotland. — Id.

Bemhex rostrata, L., in Jer.^ey. — In answer to Mr. W. Evans' enquiry if
Bembex rostrata has ever been recorded from the Channel Islands, I may say that I
have never taken it in Guernsey, but the name occurs in a list of Jersey insects in
the collection of Mr. Piquet, named by the late Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S., in
1860. This list was published in Ansted and Latham's " Channel Islands" (2nd
Edit., 1865).— W. A. Luff, Mount Pleasant, Guernsey ; January, 1901.

Diptera and NomadcB at HnUctus burrows. — On June 4th I visited a colony of
Halictus nitidiuseulus in the river bank at Bittoii, and caught seven of the little
bees as they entered or quitted the burrows. Three of these proved to be females
of the Halictus, and four were Nomada furva 9 . A number of grey flics were also
flying around the burrows, occasionally entering for a short distance, and on several
occasions I noticed that they backed into the hole "tail first." Whether this was
for oviposition I cannot tell, but it seemed like it. The Eev. E. N. Bloomfield very
kindly sent these flies to Mr. Verrall, who pronovmces them to be Phorbia albescens
and Phorbia impudica. The Aculeate.'! were kindly determined for me by Mr. E.
Saunders.

When I visited the same colony on a previous occasion in August I found that
a large proportion of the Halicti were stylopized. These industrious little bees
seem much persecuted. — H. J. Chaebonniee, Redland, Bristol ; January, 1901.

Further Note on the habits of Orochares angustatus, Er. — Apropos of Canon
Fowler's notice of the occurrence of an example of this insect in Britain (Ent. Mo.
Mag., xxxvi, p. 286), the following note will interest British Colcoptcrists : — Dr.
H. Krauss and Dr. K. Poneckc (Wien. out. Zeit., 1900, p. 239) record the capture of
number of specimens at Marburg in December, 1899, in " frozen human excre-
ment."— G. C. Champion, Ilorsell, Woking : January dtk, 1901.

1901.] 49

Myrmus mii-iformis near Bade. — Mr. E. Saunders, in his work on the ITemip-
tera, says he has no western locality for Myrmus mirt/ormis, Fall. It may be of
some interest to record that I captured a pair, S and ? , both with the undeveloped
form of the elytra, the S with (he interrupted central black stripe on the abdomen,
which was absent in the ? , on July 3rd, 1896, near Bude, Cornwall. — G. C. Big-
NELL, Saltash : December I8tk, 1900.

©bitiutrn.

Philip Crowhy, F.L.S., .j-e.,died at his residence, Waddon House, Croydon, on
December 20th, aged 63. He came of a Quaker family, long engaged in the brew-
ing industry, and was born at Alton, in Hants, on August 28th, 1837. He was
educated privately, and soon became a partner in the well-known brewing
establishments at Alton and Croydon. Mr. Crowley took a very warm interest in
all subjects connected with Natural History, and was a generous patron in such
connections. As an entomologist he was known as the possessor of one of the finest
collections of exotie butterflies, and he published a few short papers on the subject,
but literary work was not congenial to him. He also had a magnificent collection of
birds' eggs, and, in fact, of several other departments of natural objects. He was
a Fellow of the Linnean, Zoological, and Entomological Societies, and did much to
furtlier the interests of the Croydon Microscopical Club. He also devoted much
time and money to horticultural pursuits, and at the time of his death was
Treasurer of the Eoyal Horticultural Society, and Master (for the second year) of
the Gardeners' Company. He was also Chairman of the Fruit Committee of the
R.H.S. His somewhat sudden death came as a surprise to many friends, and in
many respects it will be difficult to fill the various honorary — but laborious — posts
he held. Mr. Crowley had been long a widower and leaves no family.

Lord Dormer, F.Z.S., F.E.S.— John Baptiste Joseph Dormer (12th Baron
Dormer), of Grove Park, Warwick, died suddenly at Tewkesbvjry when on a visit
on December 22nd last. He was born on May 22nd, 1830, and for many years was
in the Army (Captain Grenadier Guards, &c.), serving in the Crimea and India.
He came of an old Roman Catholic family, and many of the preceding Barons
were also military men. The title was created in 1615, but for several years
was practically in abeyance on account of religious diiBculties. The late Baron had
a strong taste for entomology and formed a collection of CicindelidcB. He travelled
much, and outside his speciality his captures were given to friends, the late H. W.
Bates benefiting amongst others. He joined the Zoological Society of London in
1882, and the Entomological in 1886. He occasionally attended the meetings of
the latter Society, but was retiring and known to only few. He leaves no family,
and is succeeded in the title by a nephew.

John Henry Leech, B.A., F.L.S., cSfc, died prematurely at his residence,
Hurdcott House, near Salisbury, on December 29th, 1900, in his 39th year. He
was the eldest son of the late John Leech, Esq., of Gorse Hall, Duckinfield, Cheshire,
and after having completed his preliminary education was sent to Cambridge, where
he graduated in due course. He may be said to have devoted his life to entomology.

50 [February,

In 188(5 lie published an illustrated work on the British PyralidcB, which, however,
did not meet witli universal approbation. He travelled much ; firstly, we think, to
the Amazons, then to tlie Canaries, and he made two or three long journeys to
the East, commencing with Cashmere in 1887, and subsequently to China, Japan,
and Corea, making huge collections. He also sent out intelligent collectors to China
Japan, and Northern India, and thus further increased his stores of Eastern Le-
■pidoptera, &c. The greater part of these collections he worked out with the assistance
of Mr. South, and the volume of the " Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London " for 1900 owes its unusual bulk mainly to two large instalments of his
catalogue of the Heterocera of Northern China, Japan, and Corea. In 1890 he ac-
quired the " Entomologist " and the services of Mr. South as editor, with a long
advisory committee, intending to devote it mainly to the description of the new spe-
cies collected by himself and others in the East. The speedy abandonment of this
idea and the events that followed are now matters of history. That Mr. Leech,
during his short life, did much to further the cause of entomology is not to be
denied, yet one cannot help regretting that he did not do more. Latterly he had
been in bad health, lie leaves a widow and two young children to mourn his loss.

^ofictie.'j.

BiRMiNGnAM Entomoxooical Society : iWnvwJer 19^A, 1900.— Mr. R. C,
Bradlbt in the Chair.

Mr. Dixon, of 149, Edmund Street, Birmingham, was elected a Member of the
Society.

Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis showed Melanoma ccnewm from Cannock Chase ;
Crinceris aspa.rngi, from Bromsgrove (wlicre it occurred in thousands) ; Sirtodendron
cylindricurn, from Knowle ; Byturus snnihiici, from Haywood ; Sifonef' ramhrinis,
from Knowle ; also a few Lefidnfifio from Knowle. Mr. G. W. Wynn, a
number of Lepidvptei-a taken at sugar in his garden at Hampton-in-Arden
this year. He sugared regularly all the summer and found July the best month.
Triphmna javthina was especiallj' abundant, often five or sis being found on a
single patch of sugar ; also T. interjccfn occurred in two examples, and amongst
other things were XyJophasia svhhistris, X. liejiatica, Caradriva rnorpJicus, C. ahines,
0. cuhicularis, Agrntis nigricans, A . tritici, A . corticea , Noctua urn brosa , Xanthia gilvago,
Tetliea sublu.ia (one), Coamin nffiriin (common), Catocala ntipta (one). Mania mnura,
etc. Mr. A. H. Martineau, the following Hymenoptera, all taken at Solihull
this year : — Cralm clai'ipcs, C. tibialis, Trypoxylon clavicornis, and Stigmvs SoJshyi.
Mr. R. C. Bradley, a number of insects of various orders collected during a four
days' trip to the Stroud district of the Cotswolds at Whitsuntide this year.
Amongst others were the following Diptera : — Isopngnn hrevirostris , Platystoma.
seminationis, Xanthogramma ornata, Trixa oistroidea, and Hyalomyza pusilla : and
Hymeiioptera. as follows : — Andrena cingulata, Osynia xav thorn elan a., 0. hiculor, 0.
cmrulesccns, and 0. auridenta ; Nomada fiavoguttata, N. lateralis, etc. Mr. Colbran
Wainwright showed his collection of the families Ortalidce and Trypetidw, including
several interesting species taken this year : Trypeta cornutu, T. tussilaginis, and
Tephritis bardancc ; long series from West Runton, Norfolk, where all thi-ee species

1901.] 51

were very abundant, Urcllia clutn and stellnta, Tcphritis tessMata, Ensina sonchi,
Rivellin sywjenesiw, Spilograjjh.a altcrnata, &c., all tVoni West Runton, T. tesscllata
being absent from Mr. Verrall's list, and U. eluta only in italics ; Cernxys
crasxipennis, and Platystoma gerninationis, nice series of each from near Stroud,
Gloucester, &c., &c. — Colbkan J. Wainwkight, Hon. Sec.

Lancasuikk and Cheshire Entomological Society : December ivih, 1900.
— Mr. E. J. Burgess Sopp, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Dr. Herbert Dobie, of Chester, contributed a paper entitled " Two and a half
Years' Observations of the Maaro-Lepidoptera at the Chester Electric Lights," which
was read bj the Secretary. In it Dr. Dobio states tliat he has been able to add to
the local list some sixteen species not hitherto recorded for Chester. This he attri-
butes almost entirely to the attraction of the electric light, as several keenly
enthusiastic entomologists have lived in Chester and have never had the good
fortune even to see any of these species until this light came into use. The species
are: — Sphinx ligustri, Zeuzera cvscidi (four), Litlio.^ia quadra, Drepana kamula, Agrutis
luniijera, Tethea retiisa, Cosmia affiinis, Phurodesma bajularia, Cheimatobia horeala

Coremia fluviata, Eupithecia .'' Hypena crassaliv, Pyralis glaucinalis, Acenh-opus

niveus, and Ephestia splendidella. Amongst the oc(!asional captures were Acronycta
alni, Neuria. saponariw, Hydrmcia petasitis, and Eurymene dolobraria. The paper
was partly devoted to an endeavour to solve the problem of the appearance of
females only of Hepialus kumuli and Fidonia piniaria at the lights. The point was
afterwards discussed by Messrs. Pierce, Freeman, Webster, and Wilding. Dr.
Cotton proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. Dobie, which was seconded by Mr. Wilding
and carried unanimously. The following exhibits were made : — Triyonugenius
globulum, by E. J. Burgess Sopp. Carabus arvensis, Bembidium Clarki,and Corym-
betes quercus, by Mr. R. Wilding. A splendid series of Agrotis Ashworthii reared
from the egg in eight weeks, by Mr. R. Tait. Species of the genus Dianthcecia,
showing geographical variation, by Mr. F. N. Pierce. Astata stigma from North
Walea, Oxybeluamucronatus, Ceropalcs maculatus,Ccrceris arenaria, Crabru cribrarius
Sapyga 5-punctata, and Psammophila hirsuta, by Mr. Willoughby Gardner. Le-
pidoptcra, Coleoptera, and Ncurnptera from Delamere Forest, by Dr. Cotton.
Lepidoptern,^ including a fine black form of A', polyodon, taken in Liverpool by
Rev. T. B. Eddrup. Varieties of Abraxas yrossulariata, the two best being (A) a
specimen having the blackish markings almost covering the insect, very little
white, and no trace of yellow, and (B) a specimen with ground colour yellow
instead of white, by Mr. Tipping. — Frederick Birch, Hon. Sec.

Entomological Society of London: December bth, 1900. — Mr. G. H.
Verrall, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Jacoby exhibited specimens of Hypocephalus arniatus from Bahia and
Chrysomela salishuriensis, a new species, from Maslionaland. Mr. Bower, a speci-
men of Spilosoma niontumim, an Asiatic species, bred from a larva found at the
beginning of September, 1897, feeding on birch on a moor near Paisley. The larva
hibernated and spun a cocoon the following spring, not feeding after hibernation.

52 [February,

Motli bred June 2iid, 1898. The larva wsis given to Mr. Wm. Smith, of Paisley, by
a friend who found it on a moor used by the Glasgow Corporation for rubbish, the
supposition being that an ovum or larva had been introduced with the refuse
matter. Mr. McLachlan, a female of a Dragon-fly of the genus Tetracanthagyna
from North Borneo, similar to T. vittata, McLach., but with a very broad ante-
apical fascia on the wings, and with some asymmetrical markings. He said there
might be a question as to the specific identity or otherwise of the insect. And
there was also the question as to whether the insect described by Mr. C. 0. Water-
house as Gynacantha plagiata in the " Transactions " for 1878 was specifically the
same. Mr. Waterhouse was of opinion that the species was distinct. Mr. R.
Adkin, two aberrant male specimens of Argyiinls Aglaia. In one of them the basal
two-thirds of all the wings were almost completely covered with black, and broad
black streaks crossed the remaining third of the wings to the outer margin, follow-
ing the venation. In the other specimen the peculiarity consisted in the presence
of a greenish-white blotch on each of the wings on the left side, similar in character
to the pale blotches not infrequently observed in A. PapMa. Both specimens were
taken near Brighton in July last, where the species was unusually abundant Papers
were communicated on " Observations on some species of Orina, a genus of vivi-
parous and ovo-viviparous beetles, by Mr. Gr. C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman,"
reported by Dr. T. A. Chapman : " Illustrations of the sixth male ventral segment
in seventeen Osniia species of the adunca group, with a note on the synonymy of
three species, and descriptions of five which appear to be new," by the E,ev. F. D.
Morice, M.A. : and an Obituary notice of the late Dr. Otto Staudinger, by Mr. H.
J. Elwes, F.R.S. — C. J. Gahan and H. Rowland-Brown, Hon. Sees.

January 16th, 1901. — The Sixty-eighth Annual Meeting. — Mr. G. II.
VekrALL, President, in the Chair.

After an abstract of the Treasurer's accounts, showing a large balance in the
Society's favour, had been read by one of the Auditors, the Secretary read the
Report of the Council. It was then announced that the following had been elected
Oflicers and Council for the Session 1901 — 1902. President, the Rev. Canon
Fowler, M.A., F.L.S. ; Treasurer, Mr. Robert McLachlan, F.R.S. ; Secretaries, Mr.
Herbert Qoss, F.L.S., and Mr. H. Rowland-Brown, M.A. ; Librarian, Mr. George
C. Champion, F.Z.S.; and as other Members of Council, Professor T. Hudson Beare,
F.R.S.E., and Messrs. R. Adkin, Charles G. Barrett, William L. Distant, II. St. J.
Donisthorpc, F.Z.S., Charles J. Gahan, M.A., Robert W. Lloyd, Edward Saunders,
F.L.S. , G. II. Verrall, and Colbran J. Wainwright.

The President referred to the losses Entomology had sustained during the past
Session by the deaths of the Baron de Selys-Longchamps, Mr. W. B. Spence, Mr.
Blateh, Major George Cockle, Mr. Philip Crowley, Lord Dormer, Mr. J. H. Leech,
Dr. W. H. Lowe, Professor Joseph Mik, Professor Emile Blanchard, Dr. Staudinger,
and other entomologists. He then delivered an address. A vote of thanks to the
President was proposed by Canon Fowler, seconded by Colonel Swinhoe,and carried.
A vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries and Librarian was proposed by Mr.
C. G. Barrett, seconded by Mr. Donisthorpc, and carried. The oflicers re])lied. —
H. Goss and H. Rowland-Bkown, IIoh. Secretaries.

1901.] 53

OBSERVATIONS ON SPHECODES.
BY THE REV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

That a couuection of some kind — whether or not it be that of
"parasite" and "host" — exists between almost every species of
Sphecodes and some one or more particular species of their near
relations, the Halicti, can hardly, I think, be doubted by any one who
has collected the two genera for any considerable time. Mr. R. C. L.
Perkins long ago published two very interesting papers on this subject
in the Ent. Mo. Mag. (May, 1887, and Feb., 1889) which, as Mr. E.
Saunders says in his " Hi/menoptera Aculeata, &c." (1896), seem to
go a long way towards proving the parasitism of Sphecodes. That
view, of course, had been put forward long before, but was
strenuously resisted by the late Frederick Smith, in his day the chief
British authority on such subjects. I cannot but think, however, that
Mr. Smith was a little biassed by his interest in the then recent
discovery that Prosopis had been unjustly accused of parasitism, which
predisposed him to believe that the charge against Sphecodes was equally
unjust. On the Continent, as here, authorities have differed on the
subject : several eminent French entomologists adopt the parasitism
theory ; but Friese (Apidce Europcsce) does not include Sphecodes
among his "■ Schmarotzerhienen''' and in the catalogues of v. Dalla
Torre and Friese it heads the list of the industrious genera or
" Sammelbienen."

I think it must be owned that nothing like proof positive that
Sphecodes is parasitic on HnUctus has yet been produced. No one,
that is to say, has reared a Sphecodes from a cell known to have been
constructed and provisioned by a Ralictus. But then, the style of
nidification adopted by Halictus makes it almost impossible to experi-
ment upon its cells with a view to obtaining such evidence. Suppose
a cell, resembling the little plain hollow shell of mud constructed by a
Halictus, to be dug up successfully from the depths of a bank, to be
kept through the summer, and to produce a Sphecodes in the autumn,
how after all could we be sure that it had been made and provisioned
by a Halictus and not by a Sphecodes f Even if the cell were found
in close proximity to others occupied by Halicti, how could it be
proved positively that this juxtaposition was not accidental ?
Perhaps, then, it would hardly be reasonable to require of the
believers in the parasitism of Sphecodes a proof of this kind. And
yet, in the absence of such proof, it would seem impossible for their
view to advance beyond the state of a more or less probable
hypothesis. ,

54 [February,

Personally, I shall not shrink from saying that, hypothesis or no,
I am very much inclined to believe that it is true. The evidence for
it is, no doubt, wholly circumstantial and inferential, but taken all
together it appears to me very strong.

First, of course, there is the obvious argument from structure
and general appearance. The " facies " of Sphecodes is, beyond all
doubt, suggestive at least of parasitism.

Then there is an argument from analogy, vt'hich might carry little
weight if it stood alone, but which, as corroborating other arguments,
is worth consideration. As a rule, an Aculeate genus known to be
parasitic appears from its structure to be a kind of offshoot from
some industrious genus, often that which it chiefly infests. Nomnda
is a disputed case, but Mr. Saunders has shown that its structure is
in some minute points accordant with that of Andrenci. Stelis and
Anthidium^ however, Ccelioxys and Megachile, Melectn and Antho-
pliora^ are all clear cases in which the parasite stands close to the
industrious genus in nearly all points of structure, except in the
pollinigerous apparatus. Supposing Sphecodes to be a parasitic off-
shoot of the Halictus stock, its structure is precisely that which the
above analogy would lead us to expect.

Thirdly, there is the argument from the ordinary behaviour and
demeanour of the $ $ Sphecodes, which is unmistakeably that of
parasites. They visit but do not toil among the flowers ; they are
seldom seen even apparently at work on excavation ; they are never
found taking sole possession of an unoccupied place with a colony of
their own; but, almost wherever Halicti swarm, Sphecodes may be seen
dogging their movements, and sneaking about their burrows with the
same sort of vigilant and cautious activity which is so noticeable in
{e.g.) the Chrysids. They seem to be always reconnoitring an enemy's
position. They are "slim," mobile, inquisitive, restless, concentrating
their attention upon no visible operations of their own, while indus-
trious bees seem wholly absorbed in their own labours, and heedless
of the occupations of others.

Fourthly, we have yet another argument, resting on the con-
current appearance — much too regular to be accidental — of particular
species of Sphecodes in and about the nesting places of particular
species of Halictus. It is true that the evidence as to these associa-
tions is somewhat perplexed at present, and, in fact, it seems likely
that few, if any, Sphecodes are wholly and solely attached to any one
particular host. But that as a rule Sphecodes of one species abound
in or are absent from particular localities, according as particular

1901.] 55

species of HaJictus abound there or otherwise, seems to me quite
unquestionable. Several such cases are mentioned in Mr. Perkins's
paper, and my own experience and that of others (I may venture, I
think, to name Mr. Saunders among these) is in the main quite in
accordance with his. Perhaps lists of such associations between
species of the two genera drawn up by observers living in different
parts of the country might differ slightly. Here, for instance, near
Woking, I am sure that iS. Jongulus is associated with H. minufissimns,
and nearly sure that S. puncticeps goes with H. villosulus, which are
cases not mentioned by Mr. Perkins, and may be confined to this or
certain definite districts. Everywhere S.pilifrons and H. leiicozonius,
S. similis and H. quadrinotatus, S. reticulatus and H. p7'asinus, seem
to occur together or to be alike absent. The ubiquitous 6'. (/ibhits,
S. siibquadratus, and S. affinis probably attach themselves to a variety
of species, but the special host of gihbus according to all accounts is
H. rubicundus, and I have in all localities found S. affinis in company
with S. nitidiusculus, though Mr. Perkins considers that its first
choice is rather H. tumulorum. Mr. Perkins has found S. spinulosus
with H. xanthopus, and Mr. Sladen has taken the two species in the
saoie place though not at the same time ; but I have never met with
the latter species, and on the one occasion when I found spinulosus
abundantly it could not, I think, have been so associated. To this
point I will return presently.

So far we have only dealt with the probable parasitism of
Sphecodes on Halictus ; but there is at least one case in which a
Spkecodes has been almost proved to be parasitic on an Andrena. The
observations of Mr. F. W. L. Sladen and of Mr. Saunders recorded in
Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxiii, p. 256, and xxxiv, p. 213, make it practically
certain that 8. rubicundus is an inquiline to A. labialis. This is a
very interesting case, because 8. rubicmidus differs from almost all
our species in that the two sexes of each year's brood appear before
and not after the hot season, so that the $ has no need to hibernate
before ovipositing. They are ready to lay their eggs about June or
July, just the time when the cells made by hibernating Halicti con-
tain not food, but full fed young, and are closed and probably
unassailable by the Sphecodes. Accordingly it seems that (S^. rubi-
cundus is absolutely driven to have recourse to some genus with an
economy more like its own, and such a genus it finds in Andrena.
The one other British species of Sphecodes which appears (both sexes)
about June is the rare 8. spinulosus, and I am strongly of opinion
that the many $ ? of this species which I found this summer at

56 ' [February, 1901.

Swimage were similarly attached to a lar^e colony, then in full activity
of Andrena fulvicrus. I hardly think H. xanthopus could have been
their host on this occasion ; certainly not a single specimen of the
species was to be seen, and I could scarcely have overlooked so
remarkable an insect, had it been there in suflBcient quantities to enter-
tain the Sphecodes.

But more than this, from a long series of observations made by
me this spring 1 am strongly inclined to think that even hibernating
species of Sphecodes occasionally attach themselves not to HaJictus
but to Andrena. There seems no reason why they should not do so ;
the food stored by a spring Andrena and a Halictus is derived from
the same sources and probably very similar, and supposing a young
Sphecodes to be reared in an Andrena' sceW it could chose its own time
for emergence, and might appear in the autumn, whether the Andrena
had an autumn brood or not. In the particular case in question the
Andrena was double-brooded. The case was as follows : —

A. fulvicrus is very abundant in this neighbourhood, and I have
paid repeated visits to large colonies of it — one freshly formed this
year in a new sand cutting — in hopes of finding its parasite, Nomada
fiicatu, which I have taken abroad in the spring, though in England it
seems to be an autumn species only. However, in none of all the
colonies I visited could I find a single Nomada, except one specimen
(evidently there by accident) of N. fiavoguttata. But I noticed, over
and over again, various species of Sphecodes, especially gibbics, sub-
quadratus and similis, dodging about the Andrena burrows, and some-
times actually entering and remaining in them for some little time.
Once or twice I saw a Sphecodes pop into a hole and suddenly pop out
again, followed by the Andrena's head and shoulders, the latter dis-
appearing again when the intruder was gone. On another occasion,
when the owner of the ground was with me looking at this little
scene, wp s?-v an Andrena issue from a hole and fly away, and shortly
afterwards saw another bee enter the same hole and remain there for
a considerable time. Then it came out and we netted it. It was a
Sphecodes gibbus $.

I do not say that all this proves even occasional inquilinism of
Sphecodes on Andrena. The visits of the former to the holes of the
latter may have had some other reason, but they certainly took place,
and were too frequent, I think, to be due to pure accident, as when
the other day I saw a Cercerts ornata $ making furious dashes at a
hole, out of which presently came a Cerceris arenaria $ , whereupon
the ornata went in with an air of possession, and the arenaria flew

March, 1901.1 57

quietly ;iwj\y. Here, no doubt, one insect liad 8iui[)ly got into
another's hole by mistake: and again 1 have seen a Crabru uitcrruptus
? go into the hole of an Osmia, but come out immediately, although
the owner was not at home. The mere fact, then, of an insect being
seen to issue from the hole of another does not necessarily prove any
biological connection between the two. But if the phenouienon occurs
repeatedly it will (in Dogberry's phrase) "go hard to be thought" that
there is such a connection. And I can say positively that in the case
1 have described above, the phenomenon occurred not once or twice,
but repeatedly throughout the whole period of observation.

What the object of these constant visits of the SpJiecodes to the
Andrena burrows was, is another question. I saw them enter the
burrows, but I did not see them, and could not have seen them — even
if they did so — enter the actual cells far below the surface of the
ground in which the Andrena store their pollen and lay their eggs.
I suppose it is conceivable that they may have made cells of their
own among but apart from those of the Andrena, as certain small
ants are said to tunnel on their own account between the chambers
occupied by a larcer species, or as rats and mice make their own
houses in the walls of ours. But I see no reason for preferring this
or any other hypothesis to the more simple one— that they are
ordinary inquiliues ovipositing in the cells of their hosts and taking
advantage of the stores accumulated there. Some day, perhaps, the
''X rays" will enable us to watch their actual proceedings after
entering an Andrena burrow, but till then it is to be feared we shall
have to rest content with hypotheses which may or may not be true.
And I must say that the hypothesis which seems best to explain all
that I have read or seen of the habits of Spliecodes, is that of its
parasitism, usually on Ilalichis, but sometimes also on Andrena.

\

Since writing the above I have become acquainted with two
remarkable papers by M. Ferton on the parasitism of Spliecodes (Bull.
Soc. Ent. Fr., 1898, Eev. Scient., 1890). According to his observations
the parasite not merely infests the burrows of Halictus, but engages
in deadly battles with certain females of the latter, who are postea
(he says) as sentinels to defend not their own cells only, but those of
the entire colony (!), against the attacks of these marauders. Such
an organization for common defence implies, as he points out, that
Halictus is not only an industrious, but to some extent a social genus
— contradicting, it need hardly be said, the opinions hitherto generally
held on the subject.

58 [March,

Duels to the death between parasite and lioist have been rceorded
in the ease of Psi/Z/j/nis and Bunibus. But, as a rule, parasitic bees
do not seem to employ open violence towards their victims, nor do the
latter show any pronounced hostility to the parasites. They seem, if
not friendly, at least indifferent to their presence. I must confess
that I have never myself seen anything like the assaults and battles
described by M. Ferton, and I should have thought that in such a
contest between a Hnlicfus and a Sphecodes the odds were rather in
favour of the Halictus, whereas it seems that in all M. Kerton's observa-
tions, whenever there was a fight to a finish, the Halictus was killed
by the Sphecodes. 8til] I do not venture nor desire to dispute M.
Ferton's statements, though I must own that I feel a certain reluc-
tance to believe that the phenomena he describes can be normal —
they are so completely at variance with the impressions T have derived
from my own observation of the habits of the two genera in this
country and elsewhere.

Brunswick, Woking :

November Ith, 1900.

NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
PART I. RHOPALOCERA.

15 T II EE BEET G O S S, F. L. S.

With the exception of the Macro-Lepidoptera and a few species
of Micro-ZiepidoTptera, Goleoiptera, and Hipnenoptera., the insects of
Northamptonshire appear to be entirely unknown. Probably, tlie
chief reason for the comparative neglect of this County by Entomolo-
gists is that its natural conditions are far less varied than those of
some other Midland Counties, and many of the Southern , Eastern,
Western, and Northern Counties. An Inland County without any
important ranges of hills or mountains, and no extensive tracts of
moor or fen-land would not be expected to produce a great variety of
species. Apart from the still remaining fragments of the ancient
forests of Salcey, Whittlebury, and Rockingham, and its other
numerous and extensive woods, amounting, in the whole, to over
28,000 acres, Northamptonshire consists mainly of arable and pasture
land, — chiefly the latter, which absorbs about three-fifths of the entire
acreage of the County.

Between sixty and thirty-five years ago Northamptonshire was
well worked for the Macro-Lepidoptera by Archdeacon Bree, The
Eevd. Hamlet Clark, The Vn^sA. W. VV'hall, Mr. Sturgess, and the late

1901.] 59

Mr. Frederick Bond ; and within the last thirty-five year« many local
species of Liqndoptera have been observed and collected in the Connty
by the writer, by Mr. AV. Hull, Mr. H. F. Tomalin, Mr. W. Edwards,
Mr. Thomas H. Briggs, Mr. Frank Bouskcll, Mr. G. Claridge Druce,
Mr. W. J. Kaye, The Honble. Charles Hothschild, Mr. Eustace
Wallis, and especially by Captain J. A. W. Vipan.

The Rhopolocera are still well represented, though Aporia cratcegi,
Lyccena arion, and Lyccena acis have apparently been extinct for some
years, and the present occurrence of Leucophasia sinapis and Melitcea
artemis seems to require confirmation. Including the five last named,
no less than fifty-three species of butterflies have been taken in the
County, or three more than in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight !

In addition to the commoner species of general distribution
throughout the United Kingdom, the following more or less local
species have been found in the County.

Leucophasia sinapis, L., was formerly abundant in Whittlebury
Forest, and it has also been reported by Mr. Eustace Wallis from
Geddington Chase. It was also formerly taken in Plane Woods,
Preston Deanery, Sywell Wood, Tardley Chase, and also by the late
Mr. Frederick Bond and the Eevd. Hamlet Clark near Towcester and
elsewhere, but I understand that no specimens have been seen of
late years.

Pieris cratcegi, L., formerly occurred near Peterborough, also in
Barnwell Wold, and between Thurning on the borders of the County
and Gidding Magna, in Huntingdonshire, but it seems to have been
extinct for some years past, as it has been in most other English and
Welsh Counties. I looked for it in vain between Thurning and Gid-
ding Magna more than thirty years ago.

Colias edusa, Fb., and C. hyaJe, L. — The former of these, with
the var. helice, is generally distributed throughout the County, and
was common in 1878, 1S92, and 1900. The latter species has also
been taken occasionally throughout the County, and was not uncom-
mon in 1900.

Argynnis paphia, L., A. adippe, L., and A. aglaia, L., are com-
monly distributed throughout the forests and woods of the County,
and the first named is sometimes abundant.

Argynnis lathonia, L., has been recorded from the County, but I
have not heard of any recent captures.

Argynnis euphrosyne, L., and A. selene, Schiff. — The former of
these occurs commonly in most of the woods. The latter is more
local, but has been recorded from Waddenham and Towcester.

60 [March,

MvJlUca (irfciiih* I'b., wns I'oniierly foiiiid cumuioiily at Aldwiuklc,
near AVacMcuIiiiui, aiul also near Towcester. Mr. Wallis reeolleets it
as formerly ofcurriii<j; near Barnwell, and Messrs. Hull and Tomalinf
also record it from Barnwell and Polebrooke, but it does not appear
to Lave been observed for some years past.

Vanessa c-alhuin, L., whieh is so abundant in favourable seasons
in certain AVest Midland Counties, and otter parts of the AVest and
North of England, and in AV^alcs, occurs in this County rather spar-
ingly. The writer has taken it near Oundle, and reports of its capture
have also been received from AVaddenham, Towcester, Yardley Chase,
Syw^ell AVood, Lilford, Barnwell AVokl, Northampton, and elsewhere.
Mr. AV^. Edwards has recorded it as frequent near Lilford on ivy
bloom itt the end of September.

Vanessa poli/cJiJoros,Ij. , h pretty generally distributed through-
out the County, and has been taken at Towcester, Barnwell, Ged-
dington Chase, AV^eekly Hall AVood, and elsewhere.

Vanessa antiopa, L. — A specimen of this rare species was seen
at Thurning by The Kevd. W. Whall about thirty-five years ago.
Two others are recorded from Northampton, and one from Welling-
borough. Mr. G. Claridge Druce saw, and nearly captured, one at
Pottersbury in 1875, and Mr. Wallis informs me that a specimen has
been taken near Kettering.

Limenitis sihylla, L,, appears to be scarce in the County, but the
late Mr. Bond recorded its capture near AA'^addenham. Messrs. Hull
and Tomalin mention .Sywell AVood and Lilford as localities for it,
and Mr. G. Claridge Druce informs me that he saw it last summer
near Brackley.

Apatura iris, L., occurs in most of the great oak woods in the
neighbourhood of Kettering, in AVeekly Hall AVood and Geddington
Chase ; also in AVhittlebury Forest, Salcey Forest, Sywell AA'ood,
Tardley Chase, and elsewhere, both in the North and South of the
County. In some seasons it is plentiful in certain woods.

Thecla nili, L., and T. querciis, L., are generally distributed
throughout the County, and the latter is common in most of the oak
woods.

Thecla iv-album, Knoch. — This local species is pretty generally

* Mditwa cinxla, L., is, included by Messrs. Hull .and Tomalin in their list of the Lepidopttra
of Nortliainpton.sliiie, published in volume 11 of the Journal of the Northamptonshire Natural
History Society, ISM' : and Stainton mentions Peterborough as a locality for this species in
volume I of his Manual. I think the reported occurrence of this species in the County must Vie
due to an error. — II. G.

t See Journal of Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Hoc, 1882, above referred to.

1901 ] 61

distributed throughout the County, and is, in some seasons, common
in certain localities, such as ISywell AVood, Yardle_y Chase, and 8alcey
Forest.

Thecia 2)runi^ I;., the most local and interesting species of tbo
genus Thccla is, in some seasons, abundant in woods near Kettering
and other places in the County, but, with the exception of a few
localities in North Buckinghamshire, and in Huntingdonshire, and in
other neighbouring Counties, it is unknown elsewhere in the United
Kingdom. According to my experience, it is fond of settling on the
ilowers of the Privet {L'ujmtrum vidgare) and the Wayfaring Tree
(Fiburnum lantana). Mr. Kaj'^e says it is also partial to the flowers
of Valerian.

Thecia betulcB, L,, is also common in some seasons in many places
in the County, more especially in the larval state.

LycoBna avion, L.,* was formerly plentiful in rough pastures
adjoining Barnwell Wold, but it disappeared nearly forty years ago,
after the exceptionally wet summer of 1860, and is apparently extinct
in the County. As is w^ell know^n, it still occurs, somewhat sparingly,
in the Cotswolds in Gloucestershire, and is in some seasons abundant
in a few places in Devon and Cornwall.

Lyccena acis, L., formerly occurred in many places in the County,
and ISywell AVood is given as a locality by Messrs. Hull and Tomalin.

Nemeohius lucina, L., occurs near Towcester, and in Barnwell
AVold, and I have found it commonly in many of the woods of the
County.

Hesperia pajiiscios, !Fb., sometimes occurs commonly in many
woods in the neighbourhood of Rockingham and Kettering, also in
Whittlebury Forest, Yardley Chase, and in other woods throughout
the County. It is, however, extremely local, and I have found it
abundantly in one wood, and entirely absent from an adjoining one.
It also occurs in a few woods in Huntingdonshire, Rutlandshire, and
Lincolnshire, and has been reported from certain localities in Suffolk,
but it is probably nowhere so plentiful as in this County.

Pampliila comma, I;., has been recorded from Barnwell AVold by
Mr. T. H. Briggs, and from the same locality by Messrs. Hull and
Tomalin.

* Mr. W. Edwards, in bis Notes in the .Journal of tho Northamptonshire Natural History
Society, No. 47, September, l,s;il, says :— " This rare and local butterfly was formerly plentiful in
Barnwell Wold on wild heathy land, where the wild thyme was abundant. Some years back
the whole was burjit u]), destroying the fond-plant, and r.ow not a vestige of wild thyme is
left."— H. G.

62 [March,

Nurtliiini[)t(»iiHhire has never been ovcrwcn-ked, even by Lepido-
pterist.s, and the disappearance o£ Aporia cratcegi from the County,
simultaneously with its disappearance from Kent, Sussex, Hampshire,
Monmouthshire, and other Enp;lish and Welsh Counties, seems to
show that its extinction throughout the United Kingdom was due to
natural causes. Lyccena avion was extremely local in the County,
and it may possibly have been so reduced in numbers by the burning
of portions of its localities, and the consequent destruction of its
food plant, as to render its survival, after an exceptionally cold and
wet summer, almost impossible. At any rate, I am inclined to think
that its sudden disappearance was rather due to the cause mentioned
than over-collecting. Leiicophasia sinapis seems also to have dis-
appeared, or to be so rare as to render its present existence in the
County very doubtful ; and, as no recent records of the occurrence
of Melitcca artemis are known, it seems possible that this species also
may have become extinct* in the County, as it apparently has in
Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Buckinghamshire, Kent, and in many of its
former localities in Sussex.

The Avenue, Surbiton Hill :
December, 1900.

ACANTRO PSYCHE OP AC ELL A: INSTINCT ALTERED WHEN

PARASITISED.

BY T. A. CITAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S , &c.

1 am able to add another instance to the several recorded in
which the instinct of a Lepidopterous larva is much altered when it
suffers from the attacks of internal parasites, usually Ichneumons.
These cases are for the most part of two kinds, the one consists of a
caterpillar being induced to suppose itself mature when it is not, and
to make a cocoon in the interests of the parasite, which is mature.
The other is a variation in the normal method of constructing the
cocoon again in the interests of the parasite. This instance, in the
case of A. opacclla, belongs to the latter class.

When ready to pupate the ^J opacella lengthens its tube and
closes it with a dome shaped end, which readily opens out and forms
a portion of the tube. This portion grasps the pupa in its protrusion
and holds it firmly whilst the moth emerges, but it spins no silk
within the sac. The $ larva fills the end of the sac with an abundant
network of silk that completely fills the sac round the anterior end of

* It still (locurs to rny knowledge in several localities in Hampshire, Gloucestershiro, and
Ciunbeilaud. — H. G.

1900.] 63

the pupa aud up to the mouth ot" the sac. This has, however, an
arraDgetnent that permits the ? moth easily to traverse its axis,
though its elasticity closes the I'outc up again when she leaves it.

I do not know whether the parasitised specimen is a ^^ or $ , but
the silk spun by the larva agrees with the normal spinning of neither
(^ nor 5 . In the specimen, as T now see it. the pu|)al case o£ this
Dipteron (some Tachinid) is in much the position occn])ied by the
head of the ? pupa of opacella, lyi"g ill a mesh of loose silk, but
this silk does not continue forward to the month of the sac, but im-
mediately in front of" the Dipterous pupa, at a distance of 7 — 8 ram.
from the mouth of the sac, forms a smooth transverse diaphragm.
Through this diaphragm the Dipteron has emerged through a trans-
verse slit, made not by the Dipteron rupturing the silk, but obviously
by a weak line having been spun in just the right position by the
opacella larva. The Dipteron did not expand its wings, and with this
added difficulty to that involving the naming of many Tachinids, one
has to be satisfied by recognising that it is undoubtedly a Tachinid.

How does instinct in a case like this get changed in precisely the
manner to suit the parasite ? This seems to be especially a difficult
question here, since A. opacella is affected, so far as my experience
goes, comparatively rarely by Dipterous parasites.

We must suppose that as a species (say opacella) alters its habits,
so the parasite alters not only its own habits but the effects it pro-
duces on its hosts, and natural selection will favour those parasites
that produce effects useful to themselves. A Tachinid, for example,
that made an opacella spin an unopenable cocoon could not thrive, but
it would thrive in exact proportion to the suitability of the change
opacella made in her cocoon to the requirements of the parasite. How
the effect is produced is a very obscure matter, but it must be by
some effect on the nervous system of the host, either mechanically, or
by the production of some agent acting chemically.

vSome Psychids are freely attacked by Tachinids, and opacella may
be so, though I have not met with it. If it really is not we must con-
clude that this Tachinid has its haunt on some other species, or on
Psychids generally, here to produce this desired effect on its host, and
that the procedure, whatever it is, is effective on opaeeUa, though
elaborated not in that species, but on some of its allies. Probably the
Tachinids have grown up along with the Psychids and perfected and
varied their procedure throughout the whole time the Psychids have
been evolving. It is tolerably certain that a Tachinid strange to
Psychids was not let loose on them a few years ago, and has already
developed such curious interactions.

Botula, Rfigale : Jami<irii, r.)iil.

64 [March,

XAMES OF LEQS OF INSECTS.
BY G. ir. VERRALL, V.-1'.E.S.

When will Entomologists of tbo preseut time correctl}' name
the legs of intsects ?

All Enton)()logi«t8 know that insects have three pairs of legs, but
after that (in at least Dipterology) they seem to be in a hopeless
confusion.

The three pairs of legs are —

1. Front legs = Pedes antici.

2. Middle legs := Pedes medii.

3. Hind legs = Pedes postici.

For convenience there exist the combinations of—

.^ > Anterior legs = Pedes anteriores (excluding '''postici''').

2. "I

., > Posterior legs = Pedes posferiores (excluding " antici ").

Let it be clearly understood that there is only

ONE pair of front, middle or hind lecjs.

but that there are

TWO pairs of anterior or posterior lerjs.

The above definition of course applies to parts, such as femora,

tibiae, tarsi, &c.

Anterior does NOT mean front only.

Posterior does NOT mean hind only.

N.B. — American Journals please copy.

Sussex Lodge, N'ewmarket :
Fehruari/, 1901.

THE COMPLETED HISTORY OF HARPALUS FROLICHII, Stuhm,
AS A BRITISH INSECT.

BV CLAUDE MORLEY, F. E. S., &c.

It is with much regret that I now state my conviction that this
line species must be looked upon as a thing of the past in Britain. I
will not attempt to explain the inexplicable, for its disappearance is
nothing less. First found in May, 1897, it was not positively deter-
mined to be the above species by Mr. E. A. Newbery till February
24th, LS9S, nor jjublished as new to Britain till the following April.*

" Cj'., Eut. JIo. Mag., xxxiv, pp S4, S-i ; Coleopt. of Suffolk, pp. xi et 0.

1001.] 65

Fruui the middle of the next April it gradually increased in nuuibers,
still within its extremely limited range, till the middle of June, and
had practically disappeared by the end of the mouth. During July I
took one or two Geodcphagous larva3 beneath stoues, thinking they
possibly might appertain to this species, but I failed to rear them, and
no better success attended two or three pairs of imagines previously
brought home and surrounded with a natural pabulum with a view to
obtaining ova. Towards the end of the mouth the beetle begau to
emerge on the Plateau, one or two being still immature when found. 1
was away throughout August, and repeated diligent searchings in
JSeptember were abortive. The only subsequent capture was that of
a solitary specimen, a little removed from the headquarters, early in
xlugust, 1899.* It has not occurred at all during the past season.

Mr. P. B. Mason and Mr. E. C. Bedwell have searched the spot
for the species too late. Mr. E. A. Elliott is the only collector besides
myself who has taken H. Frdlichii.f

The habits appear to vary in no way from those of other Harpali^
notably H. discoideus, with which the species was almost constantly
found, though much less commonly. It is not gregarious, and the
only occasion upon which 1 took more than two beneath a single
shelter was under a large felled fir log, where were ten specimens.
Subsequently it was found only beneath stones, usually small, more or
less embedded in the sandy soil, into which these insects are wont
to burrow beneath the stone and so further escape the sun's rays.
The last specimen was the only one found exposed to the light of day.
The majority were taken in dull, warm weather, with, perhaps, a tine
rain falling, snugly ensconced just beneath the sides of the stone.
Though the surrounding country was searched in apparently exactly-
similar environments no trace of the insect was discernible, and no
reason obtained for the total disappearance of what a couple of years
ago seemed a fairly strong colony.

A mention of some of its associates may yet further illustrate
the natural circumstances under which the species is found, and,
first, I may say the Plateau is covered, where no bracken grows and

* On Juiic 0th, 1899, I visited the Plateati with Mr. Morley, and failed to discover a single
specimen of this species, or of any other, in its old haunts. I noticed that the ground was
thickly covered with sheep tracks, and that even the smallest stone had heen moved out of its
bed. May not this have something to do with tlie disaxopearance of the insects? On no previous
occasion had tliere been any trace of sheep on that part of the Plateau. — E. A Elliott.

+ Entire dduils or capiare : — 189V : May 4th, 0 examples, 4 by E. A E. ; 29th, 10 examples.
1898 : Aijril Ibth, 4 examples ; 28th, 15 examples, and several passed by ; May 6tli, 8 examples,
and a dozen passed by ; 13th, 4 exaoiples ; June 4th, 9 examisles, 8 by E. A. E. ; atb, 9 examples
by E. A. E. ; 18th, 8 examples, and several passed by ; 21st, only 4 examples seen ; 28th, 1 male
onlj' ; July 29th, 2 examples, and .several immature passed ^^y . 1899 : Aug\ist 7th, 1 example
walking in a ploughed field about luu yanls fmm I'latnau. Total, 8il spceiiiieiis taken, of which
the sexes were very nearly ei^ually distrib\ited.

66 [March,

the sandy soil is not entirely bare, by a short growth consisting chiefly
of Oniifhojms jyerpiisillns, Aira prcccox, with a few plants of Erodium
cicutnrium and Erica ; later in the summer Bumex acctoselln, Filofjo
minima, and TvifoUum arvense become evident, with Reseda Jiitea,
sparingly, though there is no chalk stratum. The most abundant
insects, though many are common, were Metahletus fuveola, Conostethus
roseus, and Flar/iognathus saltitans.

In all ninety-two species of Coleoptera have been found within
this circumscribed space, of which a few are common coast species,
c.r/., Broscus cepliaJotes, CuJalhus fnscns and C. flavipes, Amura J'uha,
rarely, and A. considaris, Cocciiiella W-punclata, Notoxus monoceros,
RhiJoprdon r/eminrttiis, Sifonrs f/riseus, and others that are seen in all
sand districts.*

Among the rarer kinds that have occurred to me beneath these
stones arc Harpalus discoideus, H. consentanciis, Amnra continua, A.
lunicollis and A. hifrons^ Platyderus rvJicoUis, Philonthus succicola, in
carrion, Medon casfaneits (about the fourth British example), Hister
12-strintus, Olihrus pyguKBus, Pityophagusferrurjineus, in logs, Byrrhus
dorsalis, Limonius cyJiudricus, Apioii loti, Gronops lunatus, and Mecinus
circulatus. The pupae of Goccinella 1-punclata, W-punctata and 22-
p>unctata are often abundant, conspicuously attached to the upper
sui-face of the hot stones in the full glare of the sunshine towards the
end of June.

Comparatively few Hemiptera have a])peared, e.g., JVysius thymi,
Pci'ifrechus qeniculatus, Triphhps nigra, Bhyparochromiis cltiragra, and
R. dilatatus, PJni/iorjnathus pnlicarius, Acocephalus liistrionicus, and,
of course, Sfiroma jjteri'/is. Of Dipfera, Thereva nobiUtata, Conops
Jlavipes have been noted, and Pulex leporis was one day common at
the mouth of a rabbits' hole. Apterous Hymenoptera: Agrothereutes
ahhreviator and Pezomachus pumilus, Mutilla rnfipes, Myrmica scabri-
nodis, and Myrmosa melanocephala occur sparingly, with Saliiis parvultts
and Anthophora pilipes, but I do uot think these Fossors and parasites
would attack so well mailed and concealed a Coleopteron, and it is not
until we more fully comprehend the effects of geologic and atmospheric
influences upon the propagation of species and their strange migra-
tions that we shall explain the rise and fall of Harpalus Frdlichii in
Britain.

Ipswich : January, 1901.

* I may perhaps be allowed to here mention that the stridulating files of Gcotrupes ii/pltwus,
which occurs sparingly on the Plateau, are situated on the elytra, and that the sound i.s pro-
duced by friction of the abdomen upon these organs, as is the case in Cojiria and Ligyrus {c/.,
Gahan, Trans. Ent. Unc, 'lOOU, p. 448). The .striated cosie riiay, however, also resonate (/. c.
446), since 1 did not test this.

1901.] 67

ACULEATE I{Y31EN0PTEEA IN PERTHSHIRE.
BY A. K. J. OAETKK.

In connection with the notes on Scottish Acidcatcs in Ent. Mo.
Mag. for November, 1900, and January, 1901, perhaps the following
note on species taken by me at Comrie, Perthshire, may be of interest.
I collected there in 1898 during the first two weeks of July, and in
1900 from June 23rd to July 7th. In 1900 on most days the weather
was unfavourable for collecting, being dull and wet, yet I found
insects of all Orders much more abundant than in 1898, when I had
not a single wet day. In the Aculeates, to which group I more
especially confined my attention, I noticed only one exception to this,
viz., Crahro cribrarius, Linn., which I took in numbers all over the
district in 1898, while last year I only came across a single specimen.

During the two visits I took altogether nearly sixty species, the
more noteworthy of which only are noticed here. Mr. Saunders has
very kindly made or confirmed the determinations : —

Formica ru/a, Linn., ? , 1900 ; Leptothorax acervoriim, Fab., (? ? ^ , from a
nest in the ground ; Tiphia minuta, v. de Lind., one $ , 1900 ; Agenia variegata,
Linn., very abundant on walls, explorinji; crevices for spiders ; Ceropales maculafa,
Fab., several in 1898 ; Halius parvulus, Dlilb., cJ ^ , 1898 and 1900 ; pusillus,
Scliiodle, $ , 1900; Fompilus niger, Fab., common ; approximatus, Sm., $ , 1900 ;
^i6i«s, Fab., several $^s; spissus, Schiodtc, common; unguictilaris, Thorns., two
?, 1900; pectinipes, v. de Lind., ?, 1898. The species of Salius and Pompilus
occurred freely along a road running by a wood. They were nesting in a sandy
bank, and in the earth of a stone dyke. P. niger and s-pissus were especially
common. A large brown spider abundant on the ground an)ong short vegetation
seemed to be their prey. I found it in the nest of spissus with an egg attached to the
left side of the abdomen. Passalcecus moni/icoriiis, Dbm., one ^ , July 4th, 1900 ;
Pemphredon, Shuckardi, Moraw., common in garden ; lethifer, Shuck., one ? in
same place ; Crabro palmipes, Linn., very comnvon all over the district on both
visits ; dimidiatus. Fab., also common ; leucostomus, Linn., several, 1900, nesting in
a gate post ; varius, Lep., <? , 1900 ; Wesmaeli, v. de Lind., several, 1898 and 1900 ;
»a^M«, Linn., 1900, nesting in tree stumps, common; clavipeSjlumn., $,1898; T^espa
norvegica, ¥ah., 1900 ; Odgneriis 2^"rietiin(s,Ij'mn., comuion, (ound with mud nest
on walls ; pictus, Curt., $ , 19l;0 ; trimarginaliis, Zett., one S > June 28th, 1900.

The Aniliopltila were not so well represented as the " wasps." I
took, aaiongst others : —

Halictus suhfasciatiis, Nyl., common ; villosulus, Kirb. ; also Smeathmanellus ,
Kirb., abundant at their burrows and at yellow composites ; Andrena anal is, Panz.,
common; coitana, Kirb., also connnon ; /wca^a, Sm., 1900, (J , very abundant at
flowers of llnlius ; nana, Kirb., 1900, common ; Nomada ohttisifrons, Nyl., 1898, at a
bank with Andrena analis and coilaiia, but I did not see it enter the burrows of

68 [Marcli,

eitlier ; ntjicornis, Linn., several atRiibus; Jiacuijuttafa, Kirb., 1898 and 1900, both
sexes ill coinpaiij with Aiulreua ininnf u/n, K^irb.; Boinbus lapponicus, Fab., 1898
aiul 1900.

I do not tliiuk that tliis ]i«t by any means exhausts the district, as
all my time was not given to collecting, and several promising locali-
ties I did not tr}'^ at all.

Sclville Cottage, Portobullo, Edinburgli :
January, 1901.

IIYMENOPTERA ACULEATA OF SUFFOLK.
13Y THE llEV. J. II. HOCKING, M.A.., F.E.S.

. xlfter forty years of jn'etty continuous work in India and at
home at Lcpidopfera, I have, during 1899 and 1900 been devoting my
leisure time to collecting the Ilymenoptera and Dlptera of Suffolk.

During this time I have taken of Hi/nienoptcra AcuJenta 33 species
of Fossores, 10 of Diploptera, and 96 of Aiithophila ; or 139 of the
2S2 species in the Suffolk list.

I am indebted for most kind help in naming the species to the
llev. E. N. Bloomfield of Guestling, Mr. Harwood of Colchester, and
to Mr. E. Saunders, who has finally identified all doubtful specimens.

Sphecodes riibicuiidiis, Halictus zoindits, II. breviceps, Nomada
sexfasciata, and Andrena Hattorjiana are additions to the last Suffolk
list as published iii 1899.

At present I have not touclied the Heterogyna.

The following is a list of the less common species which were all,
e.\cept where otherwise stated, taken at Copdock, that is, within a
radius of about three miles.

Fossores : Myrmosa melanocephala, F. Sapyga quinquepunctata , F. Pum-
pilus rufipes, L. (Hellesley) ; P. spissus, Sehiodte ; P. chalybeaitis, SchiOdte
(Hellesley). Sdlius fuscus, Linn. Agenia hircana, Fab. Ammophila sabulosa,
Linn. Diodontus tristis, v. de Lind. Passaloecus corniger, Shuck. Gorytes mys-
taceus, Linn. Nyssoii spinosus, Fab. Cerceris inter rupta, Panz. ; C. labiata, Fab.
Crabro capitosus, Shuck. ; C. podagricus, r. de Lind. ; C. chrysostomus, Lep. ; C.
interruptus, De Greer.

DiPLOPTEEA : all the Vespida: (excepting /'. rufa, Linn., V. anstriaca,T&\Yi.,
and V. norvegica, Fab.). Odynerus spinipea, Linn. ; 0. trifasciatus, Oliv. ; O.
parietinus, Linn. ; O. gracilis, Bi'ullo ; O. siniiatus, Fab.

AnthophilA: Colleies picistigma, Thoius. Prosopis signata, Sra., P. confusa,
Nyl. S]}hecodes dimidiatus, v. Hag.; (S. rnbicnndus, v. Hag. Halictus xanthopus,
Kirb. ; H. zonulas, Sm. (Hellesley) ; R. minufun, Kirb. ; //. breviceps, E. Saund.
Andrena Ifattorfiana, Fab. ; A. Crlil, Schr. ; A. cingulata, Fab. ; A. pilipes, Fab.
(both sexes on I'eronica); A. bimaculata, Kirb. ; A. rosce \ai: spinigera, Kirb.; A.

I'.iui.] 09

nifida, Foiirc. ; A. angusfiur, Kii-b. ; A. fucala, Siii. ; A. iiigricej/s, Kirb. ; A.
chn/so.iceies, Kivh. ; A. proxima, Kirh. ; A. dorsafa, Kirh. Ci/Usa leporiiia, VaMZ.
Nomada sexfasciata, Panz. ; N. jacobaa, Panz. Epeolus productus. Thorns.
Melecta annata, Panz. Cuetioxys quadridentata, Linn. ; C. rufescens, Lep. Me-
gachile maritima, Kirb.; M.circumcincta,Lc\>.; 31. liffnlseca, Kirh. Anthidium
manicatum, Linn. Stelis aterrima, Panz. Chelostoma florisomne, Linn. ; C. cam-
panularnm, Kirh. Osmia pit icornia, Sm. Eucera lotifficornis, Linn. Anthophora
retusa, Linn. ; A. furcata, Va,nz. All the species of Psithyrus. All the species
o( JBomhus, excepting B. Smithianm, Jonellus, lapponicus, soroensis, and pomorum.

Copflock Rectory, Ipswich :

January 8th, 1901.

PESCRTPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CRUNCECIA (TRICHOPTERA)

FROM AUSTRIA.

BY KENNETK J. MORTON, F.E.S.

The section of the Srricosfovmtido' to which this genus belonc^rg
contains insects of highly specialized type, and the sexual dimorphism
is usually marlvcd by strilving secondary characters. Mr. McLachlan,
in his Mon. Rev. (p. 271) says: "The structure of the insects is
especially liable to excessive modification, and generic limitation will
possibly be found extremely vague unless a minute generic sub-divi-
sion be eft'ected." As a matter of fact, at the time Mr. McLachlan
wrote, each of the three European (in the restricted geographical
sense) genera was Ivnown with certainty to contain but one species,
and although Lepidosioma now stands with two species within its
bounds, this is rather the result of toleration than conviction, as the
two seem to be little more than forms of one species.

It was accordingly very interesting to find amongst some Triclioii-
tera sent to me by Dr. Peter Kempny, of Gutenstein, Lower Austria,
in 1898, two examples of what appeared to me to be a distinct new
species of Gruncecia. The material, although in fairly good condition,
I considered inadequate, and I urged Dr. Kempny to find more. In
this, I am glad to say, he has been successful, and I now without
hesitation proceed to describe the insect as

Ceuncecia Kempnyi, «. sp.
Blackish, paler beneath. Antennoj nearly uniformly fuscous, traces of anniila-
tion being as a rule scarcely perceptible ; basal joint with long dark brownish
hairs. Head clothed with dai-k brownish hairs; warts brown, apparently arranged
as in C. irrorata. Warts of the pronotum usually paler. Maxillary palpi of tlie
$ not examined (they are either broken off or closely appressed in the examples

70

[March,

before me); those of tlie V darker tluiii the labial palpi, whieh are yellowish in
both sexes. Legs testaceous, but partly fuscesceiit; eoxie fuseous. Anal parts
yellowish.

Wings with the ncuration similar to that of C. irrorata ; iridescent; fore-wings
with blackish pubescence ; long silky fringes of the hind-wings more greyish.

In the 3 the anal parts consist of a large broad dorsal plate, the posterior part
of which is narrower than the basal, and the hind angles are each provided with two
strong spines ; seen from above the breadth of the posterior part of the plate and

the position of the
spines vary a little
from the results of
drying. From be-
2- neath this plate
escapes the large
down - turned penis,
which, seen from
above, seems to have
two approximated
piceous ridges which
open in front, causing
the apex to appear
excised. The inferior
appendages are large
and prominent; view-
ed from beneath they
consist of a basal part
which has towards its
inner margin a more

strongly chitinized band, which seems to be turned abruptly outwards ; after nar-
rowing slightly they turn outwards into a large foliaceous expansion, the hind
margin of which is excised, and the outer portion of this expansion is in turn
recurved towards the abdomen. From the inner angle, or lobe, of the excised hind
margin, viewed from above, springs a long and strong spine directed outwards, and
from the outer margin of (he foliaceous expansion arises a much smaller spine
directed forwards.

The $ has the anal parts very much as in C. irrorata.
Expanse of wings, IH — 13 mm.

Compared with C. irrornia this new species is an altogether
much darker looking insect, and the golden pubescence of the former
insect is entirely absent. The costal fringe seems also to be less
dense than in irrorata, and so do the pubescence of the membrane
and the hairs of the basal joint of the antennse, but the material is not
in a condition so perfect as are the examples of irrorata used in com-
parison.

As all the examples of Cruncccia in Mr. McLachlan's collection

1901.] 71

from uiiuiy localities in the more western parts of Europe are C.
irrorafti, the distribntion of this new species will in all likelihood
prove to be more or less oriental. But these insects are unobtrusive,
and must often be passed over in districts where they are bound to

EXPLANATION OF FIQUEES.

1. Apex of abdomen from side.

2. Inferior appendages from beneath.

3. Apex of abdomen from above (moi'e enlarged).

13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh :
December, 1900.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIRS OF CICADID^ FROM THE
BAHAMA ISLANDS.

BY W^ L. DISTANT, V.P.E.S.

Mr. J. L. Bonhote has given me five specimens, three (^ and two
? , of a Cicada he captured at Nassau, a species which requires
description.

Cicada Boniiotei, sp. n.

(J . Body above dark fuscous, ochraceously pilose ; eyes, anterior margins—
narrowly — and latei'al and posterior margins of pronotum, margins of two obconical
basal spots to mesonotum, and the cruciform elevation brownish-ochraceous ; a
transverse metanotal fascia, the lateral margins of the penultimate and the whole of
the apical segment of the abdomen cretaceous-white ; a dark fuscous irregular
suffusion on the lateral areas of the pronotal margins. Body beneath fuscous ; head
sternum, and lateral margins of abdomen cretaceous-white ; rostrum, femora, and
opercula ochraceous ; tibiaj olivaceous ; apical half of rostrum, apices of the tibia3
and tarsi, and basal inner margins of opercula, piceous.

Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation olivaceous on basal half, but
becoming fuscous towards apex; tegmina with the inner basal area and the transverse
veins at bases of second and third apical areas, infuseated.

? . Body paler above where the cretaceous-white markings are absent, though
present beneath.

The face is broadly tumid, centrally broadly sulcate, with the transverse stria-
tions very strongly developed ; in the c? the opercula are triangular, their lateral
margins very slightly convex, their inner margins oblique, tlieir apices subacute and
reaching the second abdominal segment ; the pronotum has a broad transverse
foveate impression at its anterior margin, and the usual incisures are profound.

Long., excl. tegm., (J and $ , 34 to 35 millim. Exp. tegm., 95 to 100 millini.

Hub. : Bahama Islands, Nassau {J. L. Bonhote).

Warlingham, Surrey :

January, 19ul.

IJ2 [March,

Aculeate Humenupterd in Norlh IValtn. — On July Jtli, IDOO, I again visited
Criccieth, and during my stay thi'i-c was able to add the following insects to my
list of captures, published on page 62, vol. xi, 1900 : — PompUus chalybeatus,
Schiodte, Ceropales maculaius,Ya.h., Astata sti/jma, Panz., Diodontus minidus, Yfih.,
tristis, V. de Lind, Mlmesa bicolor. Fab., unicolor, v. de Lind, Gorytes tumidus,
Panz., Cerceris arenaria, Linn., Crahro Wesmaeli, v. de Lind, cribrarius, Linn.,
Oxybelus mucronatus. Fab., Odi/nerus picttis, Curt., .limiaiits, Fab., Andrena
nigriceps, Kirb., denticuhita, Kirb., Dasypoda hirtipes, Latr., Epeolus rujipes,
Thorns., Ccelioxys riifescens, Lep., elongata, Lep., Stelis aterrima, Panz., Osmla
xanthomelana, Kirb., fulviventris, Panz., Psithyrus rupestris, Fab., campestris
Panz., quadricolor, Lep., Bombiis Smithianus, White, Jonellus, Kirb., soroensis.
Fab., var. ?

Only ? s were taken of the rare O. xantkomelana, and these were worn, the
hairs on the thorax being matted with clay in some cases, showing that they
had been busy with their nests. The nests I could not find, though diligent search
was made for them. The bees were only noticed on the flowers of Lotus cornicu-
latus. Oxybelus mucronatus, and Andrena nigriceps looked very beautiful on the
flowers of Eryngium maritimum, though the $ of the former were also taken on
Euphorbia paralias. Bombus Smithianus was caught the day before I left, August
8th, and was most conspicuous on the flowers of E. maritimum. Most of the
Aculentes mentioned in my former list were again seen, Osmia parietina being very
scarce. It makes its colls in the small cavities of a stone that is occasionally used
in the field walls. Fompilus approiimatus, Sm., occurred again in its old haunts
near the sea, and Nomada Roberjeotiana was observed entering the burrows of
Halictus rubicnndus, but their stay was short, possibly owing to the presence of the
owners. — E. B. Nevimson, 3, Tedw^rth Square, Chelsea, S.W. : January, 1001.

Aculeate ffymenoptera in the New Forest. — On June 4th, 1900, I went to
Lyndhurst for a few days and was pleased to capture some (?s of Andrena proximo,
Kirb., on the flowers of the rhododendron, also amongst other Aculeafes, Pompilus
spissus, Schiodte, Halictus prasinus, Sm., Andrena varians, Eossi, helvola, Linn.,
and Melecta lucluosa. Scop.

I am again indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. Saunders for confirming the
identification of several in the above list. — In.

Observations on Sphecodes. — I was very much interested in the article by the
Kev. F. D. Morice upon Sphecodes begun in the January number of this Magazine,
as for a long time I have been struck by the apparent connection between Sphecodes
and Andrena, suggesting parasitism on the part of the former. I cannot give any-
thing more in the nature of proof, and have no definite notes to refer to upon most
of my observations ; but one case which came under my notice seems worth
quoting, as being an additional instance, and as supporting Mr. Morice's conclusions
strongly. In Sutton Park, out on a bare part of the common, is a little colony of
Andrena humilis. It is in rather an isolated spot, simply a few bare sandy places
on a grassy slope, with no trees or bushes near, and not a bank in which one would
naturally look for any Aculeates which might occur in the neighbourhood. On July

1001.] 73

3rcl, 1898, I visited this to obtain a series of Nomada fern(fjin(ifii, wliicli was rather
eoiimuiu with its host, and while watching for these bees to ap])ear noticed several
specimens of Sphecodes which were appearing from and disappearing into the holes
in the same way as the Nomada. I captured half a dozen, which all proved to be
<S'. pilifrons, and were all females. Of course they may have been boring there
quite on their own account, and the association with the Andrence have been purely
accidental ; but combined with Mr. Morice's observations, we may take it as strong
circumstantial evidence that the Sphecodes were there in attendance upon the An-
drence, either as parasites or as inquilines. I quote this case in particular, because
of the decided isolation of the colony from other Aculeates. — Colbran J. Wain-
WRIGHT, 2, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham : February 9tk, 1901.

Note on Piezodorns liturattis, Fab. — On May 16th, 1900, I was examining
a gorse hedge for insects and found a great number of this Hemipteron disporting
themselves in the sunshine. I was somewhat surprised to see the insect in May,
as I found that Mr. Saunders, in his " Hemiptera-Heteroptcra," mentioned
autumn as the time for its appearance. On my mentioning the matter to him
Mr. Saunders kindly explained that he gave autumn as the most usual time of
its appearance. I was curious, therefore, to see whether it would appear here in
the autumn, and accordingly kept a careful watch on the place where I had
observed it in May. My watch was i-ewarded, for on October 18th, on a line
bright morning, I found the gorse again occupied by numbers of these insects, and
extending my observations to other parts of my farm, I found them present in
numbers on almost every furze bush I examined, and on this occasion I met with the
larva also. I thought, of course, that I had seen the last of Fiezodorus, for a day
or two afterwards I went back to the place and could not see one. However,
on November 17th the sun was shining brightly on the southern side of the
hedge, and there were the insects basking in the genial beams, and I again met with
the larva. I should mention that though the south side of the hedge was bright
and warm tlie other side was quite the reverse, for tliere was a keen north wind
blowing. I have yet another appearance to record. This morning, December 6th,
between 11 a.m. and 12 noon I was walking past the hedge and thought I would
take a look for my insect friends, and sure enough there they were sitting in the
snuggest and sunniest corners and getting as much of a sun-bath as they could.

It would seem from the above observations that this insect hibernates and
comes out of its retreat on any sunny morning to bask in the sunshine. I noticed
both forms of colour as mentioned by Mr. Saunders, viz., either all olive-green or
else with hinder parts of pronotum and elytra purple. I also noticed that some
had the under-side grey instead of green.

I shall now try to describe the hirva. Antennse, head, pronotum, and embryo
elytra, black ; dorsal sui-face of abdomen brownish-black, with three raised trans-
verse lines, jet black ; the interspaces red, these lines do not reach the sides ; the
edges, that in the perfect insect would be the segments of the connexivum, are
alternately blact and red ; under-side, fore-parts black ; ventral segments of abdo-
men brownish-black, as above, and edges similarly coloured; legs black; the head,
pronotum and embryo elytra, are rugose ; length, when full grown, 8 mm.

These larvoe ai"e very badly behaved in captivity, for all that I took, except one,

H

74 [March,

preferred to die rather than proceed to the perfect state, though I gave them everj
comfort, not to say luxury. One, however, did proceed to the change. It was
evidently on the point of doing so when I captured it, for it had got part way
through the process in the box in my pocket while I was carrying it from the field.
I killed it before it had completed the process, and it is a most curious looking
object. The head, pronotum, and scutelluni are developed, and are olive-green,
smooth, and sparingly punctured, while the rest of the creature remains in the
pupal state.

The insect sits on the stems or thorns of the gorse, and if disturbed runs down
the stem, or drops, and the thorns effectually prevent a rapid movement of the
hand in pursuit. They harmonize well with the colour of the gorse, for I wanted
to show them to my man, and until I put my insect forceps upon them he did not
see them and told me that had I not pointed them out he would never have noticed
them, and he is by no means unobservant.

I hope that in my attempt to describe the larva I have made myself clear, but
I must ask indulgence for shortcomings as I do not profess to be an fait in the
matter. — W. F. Johnson, Acton Grlebe, Poyntzpass : December ijth, 1900.

[Mr. Johnson writes to me on January 20th : " The insect has been about all
through the winter up to the present date. Every day that there is a little sunshine
it comes out of its retreat. Yesterday was bright, though there was snow on the
ground, and there were the insects sitting on the gorse in sheltered corners in the
sunshine." — E. S.]

Notes on Bipteru in the New Forest during 1900.— As regards weather and
temperature the past season was almost a repetition of 1899, another cold lagging
spring being followed by a very dry hot summer and autumn. I was at Lyndhurst
from April 7th to 21st, when the sallows, rather later than usual, were in full
bloom. The weather however being cold and boisterous few insects of any kind
were about, Diptera being especially scarce, and one Criorrhina ruficauda, Deg., one
iServiUia ursina, Mg., and two Chilosia grossa, Fin., were the best that fell to my
net.

My next visit was from May ICth to June 1st, and although the weather was
fine the nights continued cold and Diptera remarkable for their absence, my only
captures worth mentioning being two Lasiopogon cinctus, F., two Pipunculus
vittipes, Ztt., nine Didea fasciata, Mcq., and one Neottiophilum prceustuiii, Mg.
Keturning again on June 28th I found matters had improved with the warmer
weather, and common Diptera were fairly plentiful, though not in swarms as I have
seen them a few years back. Of rarer species both Mallota eristaloides, Lw., and
Callicera aenea, F., showed a falling off, only one out of two of the former and two
of the latter being taken, and these were all I saw. Dioctria linearis, Fin., was
abundant in Brick Kiln enclosure, as also a Pipunculus I take to be campestris, Ltr.,
whilst Myiolepta hiteola, Gmel., and Alophora hemiptera, F., were to be found on
Portugal laurel and Umbellifcrse.

At Matley Passage, near the sandpit, Anthrax fenestrata. Fin., seemed to revel
in the almost tropical heat, and I sccui'ed a nice lot, as well as a few Thereva annti-
lata, F. Several excursions were also made into the adjoining bog, which at the

1901.1 75

time was almost dry, to sweep tlie yellow Asphodel {Nartheciiim ossifriri/um) for
Paracrocera '/fobiihis. Pz., but without any tsuccess, and the heat being excessive I
gave up further attempts. I was absent from the Forest during August, but
September was a fine dry month, and a noticeable feature was the re-appearance in
some numbers of Melanostoma ht/alinatuin* Fin., after being scarce since 1895. The
result was twenty specimens, almost equally divided S ^''"'-1 ? , and I also took
sixteen more of what was apparently a second brood of D. fasciata, Mcq.

Throughout the season I noticed more MycetophilidcB and other fungus-loving
Diptera than usual, and amongst the former I took the following, of which, how-
ever, in some cases I only give the generic names, being doubtful about my nomen-
clature of the species being correct : Mycetophila, two, and Qlaphi/roptera, Scio-
phila, Maerocera, five species of each genus ; also two Leptomorplius Walkerii, Curt.,
a rare fly I have not seen since 1895 ; one Platyura atrata, F. ; two P. fasciata,
Latr., and seven Ceroplatus sesioides, Whlb.

Amongst the other flies referred to were ten Spilogaster idiginosa. Fin., and two
Myeophaga fungorum,& species I have only taken once before in 1S92. 8. uliginosa
turned up singly in 1895, 1897, and 1899, and once when sending a specimen for
confirmation to the late Dr. Meade I remarked that althougli he called it common
in his " Annotated List of Anthomyidse," I had not found it so at Lyndhurst, and
in reply he wrote as follows : " >S. uliginosa is very variable and lofal, and I cannot
think what the larvse feed upon. I used to live in a house quite in the centre of
the town, and then found a considerable number of specimens (always) upon the
windows. I have been sixteen years in my present house just outside the town, and
have never seen a single specimen." My specimens also were taken upon windows,
and although I have not yet proved the fact by breeding the larvae, I have very little
doubt about their pabulum being rotten timber and the fungi associated with the
same, as the basement of my cottage is badly afl^ected with what is called " dry rot."
I also believe it is from the same source I obtain C. sesioides, as they are also
found on the windows and walls of the same rooms, and have given instructions
that next time any repairs are made the rotten wood is to be saved, and by placing
some blocks of it in breeding cages hope to solve this question.

In addition to those already mentioned the following species were taken : one
Ptychoptera lacustris, Mg. ; four Rhipidia maculaia, Mg. ; one Idioptera pulchella,
Mg. ; one Dysmaclius trigonus, Mg. ; two Volucella inanis, L. ; one Prosena
siberita, F. ; one Lispe tentaculata, Deg. ; four Norellia spinimana, Fin. ; Amauro-
soma fasciata, Mg. (com.); one Tetanocera punctata, F. ; one Liinyiia iiiarginata,
F. ; one Dorycera graminiim, F. ; JEnsina sonchi, L., and Tephrites vespertina, Lw.
(both com.); three Sapromyza fasciata, Fin.; one Oni.ithomyia avicularia, L.,
and others. — Fred. C. Adams, 50, Ashley Gardens, S.W. : January, 1901.

Two unrecorded British Diptera. — I have specimens of a fly which both my
father and myself considered to be the Musca erythrophthal ina figured by Panzer.
Mr. Austin, who has seen it, tells me it is Chlorops rufina, Zett. ; they frequent the
flowers of Mentha hirsuta in the month of August. The other species is Phytomyza

* Since writing the above I have olitained a copy of Mr. Verrall's new work, " Briti.sh
Flies (Syrpbidai)," and find M. hvu.<i'iiuliuii. Kin., must in future be known as Xanlliandrus comtug
Harr— F. 0. A.

H 2

76 [Miircli,

Jlaviveutris, Zett. II can be easily recoj^iiised by its red abdomen and head I
swept a eouplc off a wyeli elm at Glaiivilles Wootton. I liave last year taken tbreo
other inlerestinn; sjiecies of Phytomyza — P. nigrlpennis, Fall., a blaek species with
unusually dark wings, in May ; P. nigricornis, Macq., figured by Curtis in his
" ObserTations on Insects affecting the Turnip Crops ;" and P. uotata, Meig., a
pretty yellow species mentioned in Walker's " Diptera Britannica." — C. W. Dale,
G-lanvilles Wootton : February 6th, 1901.

List of Lepidoptera of Chpshire and North Wales. — Tlie Chester Society of
Natural Science are engaged in drawing up a List of Lepidoptera of Chesliire and
North Wales. Tlie work is undertaken by Mr. G. O. Day, Mr. R. Newstead, Dr.
Herbert Dobie, and Mr. J. Arkle. Mr. Day, as editor, will be glad to receive re-
cords for Chesliire, Flintshire, Denbighshii'e, Carnarvonshire, and Anglesea, and on
application will supply lists for marking. His address is— G. O. Day, Parr's Bank
House, Knutsford : January, 1901.

The " Curtis'^ Collection of British Insects. — During a brief visit to Melbourne
in November last I was enabled, by the kindness of Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer,
F.R.S., the Director of the Victorian National Museum, to inspect the collection of
Britisli insects formed by the late John Curtis. Entomologists at home may be
interested to learn tliat in spite of the ago of this fine collection, in which there is
probably no single specimen less than fifty years old, and very many date from the
beginning of the nineteenth century, it is still in a marvellously good state of pre-
servation. It is true that in the course of years the Lepidoptera have inevitably
lost a little of their original freshness of ajjpearanee, but most of the other insects,
especially the Coleoptera, look almost as if newly caught, except for the antique
style of setting. All the drawers which I examined were quite free from dust, and
I could detect no trace of mites, mould, grease, or verdigris on any of the specimens.
The cabinets, too, testified to the original high quality of their material and work-
manship by the perfect smoothness and freedom with which each drawer fitted and
moved in its place. The climate of Melbourne is evidently highly favourable to the
preservation of insects, and although it m:iy be a matter for regret that this important
collection, with its numerous types, has for so many years been deported from our
shores, it cannot fail to be gratifying to find it so well cared for and so highly
appreciated in its Australian home. — J. J. Walker, H.M.S. "Ringarooma," Sydney,
N.S.W. : December Srd, 1900.

f\cuiciu.

British Flies, Vol. viii : by G. II. Veerall, P.E.S {Platypezida, Pipuncii-
lidcB and Syrphidre of Great Britain, with a synonymic catalogue of the European
species). Pp. 780, royal 8vo, with 45S figures in text (by J. E. Collin, F.E.S.), and
Portrait of Meigen. London : Gurney and Jackson, 1901 (all published).

For some years past Dipterologists in the British Isles have been looking
forward to the publication of tlie volume now under review ; but it is feared that
many (like the writer) will lay il down with a feeling of disappointment: for
a first hurried glance through the pages gives one an idea of want of care in

1901.] 77

the revision of proofs ; sentences antl paragraphs have been passetl by our author
whieh would have been the better for remodelling. This want of care in editing is
one of the most serious faults in the volume.

On settling down to study the volume in detail, the terminology employed soon
obtrudes itself on our notice. Our author (it is believed) was a pupil in Dipterology
of the late Dr. H. Loew, and it is to be regretted that in this matter he has departed
from the teachings of his master. When Loew wrote Part I of the Monographs of
the Diptera of North America he was probably near the zenith of his reputation,
and the deliberate conclusions then arrived at by him should not be lightly thrown
aside. What particularly commended itself in the Loewian terminology was its
simplicity ; the small cross vein is present in the wings of almost all Diptera, and
the recollection that it stood on the discal cell, connected the 3rd and 4th longitu-
dinal veins, and formed one of the boundaries of the 1st posterior cell, gave a
starting point from which to identify the other veins and cells. According to our
author's terminology, as explained at p. 14, we are expected to cumber our brains
with such terms as subcostal, radial, cubital, discal, and postical veins, in lieu of
the old familiar 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th longitudinal veins, while other old
friends, such as small cross vein, posterior cell, &c., masquerade in new guise. All
these innovations are o]iposed to the terminology almost universally employed, and
probably most Dipterologists will agree with the writer in looking upon the use of
them as a decided step of retrogression.

The descriptions (with the exception of the faults of editing already referred
to) are excellent, probably the best being those dealing with the Plnfi/pezUlfP, Pipiin-
culidre, and with the genus Platychira ; in all of these oi'dcr has been evolved out
of chaos. Of the descriptions generally nothing but praise can be said, thougli a
mild protest may be raised against the use of the comparative degree in the manner
so often employed by our author, and also against the use of such terms as " tip
half," "shelved off," &c. ; these, after all, are faults of style rather than faults of
scientific description. A word of praise too must be given to the " keys," which
are a pleasing contrast to some we have seen lately from the pens of Meade, Willis-
ton, Brauer and Bergenstamm, &c. ; size is an unsatisfactory character for use in a
key — possibly in the Pipiincttlidte no better character was found available. Re-
garding the geographical distribution of species in the British Isles it may be noted
that many common species reach a higher latitude than anything given by our
author ; e. <j., Chri/sochlamtfn citprea, Sphegina clttnipes, ArctophUa mussitans,
Chrt/sotoxum hici)ictum, among them, all occur at Grolspie, while some of them get
so far north as Thurso, further, it is noteworthy that throughout the volume only
one single Irish locality is given.

Congratulating Mr. Collin on his illustrations is a pleasing task ; the combina-
tion of skill with the pencil and knowledge of Dipterology is given to comparatively
few ; for a young artist to have scored so distinct a success at his first attempt is
indeed a subject for congratulation.

The Synonymic Catalogue will probably receive more criticism on the Continent
than in this country, where workers at foreign Diptera are few and far between ;
still attention may be drawn to the following points : — Eristalis puncttfer, Walker,
is a synonym of E. quiiiqitelineatits, not of E. teeniops as recorded by our author ;

78 [March,

Calicrra Fai/esii is probably a synonyni of C. riifa ; but C. Fagesii and C. Bcrfo/onii.
are (almost to a ccrtaiiit}') synonyms of one insect, the latter should therefore stand
or fall with the former.

The general get up of the volume is most excellent ; in fact, the type, &c., may
almost be said to be "too good!" This, combined with the addition of the Syno-
nymic Catalogue, has jirobably added materially to the cost of the volume, and put
it out of reach of many to whom shillings are of consequence.

In conclusion, we congratulate our author on the issue of this volume, which,
if not perfect, is far superior to anything that has been published before, and we look
forward to the publication of other volumes in due course, though we trust they will
not be so long in preparation as vol. viii has been, otherwise our author's prospects
of life will have to be far beyond the years allotted to ordinary mortals. — J. W.
Yerburt, Army and Navy Club : Felruary Wi, 1901.

dDbitiutrir.

Baron Michel Edmond de Selys-Lonfjchamp.i. — As briefly announced in our
No. for January, Baron de Selys passed away on the 11th of December, 1900, fidl
of years and honours. He came of an old family, and was tlie son of Baron Michel
Laurent de Selys-Longchamps. He was born on May 25th, 1813, at Paris, where
his father was attending to parliamentary duties. For some considerable time he
had suffered from a growth in the bladder, which at last became malignant ; but
his vitality was extraordinary, and in the summer of last year he insisted upon at-
tending the Meetings of the Ornithological Congress in connection with the Paris,
Exhibition, and there is reason to believe that tlie fatigue in connection therewith
hastened the end ; but since that Congress the writer of this notice had a letter from
him in which was no allusion to being unwell. The fiXinily name was De Selys, the
affix Longcham])s being derived from the little village of Longchamps-sur-Geer
(near Waremme), where the family had large estates and a park (with lake)
and chateau. Baron M. E. de Selys was educated at home, and was never
sent either to school or college. In 1838 he married Sophie Caroline, the daughter
of the Marquis d'Omalius d'Halloy, the famous Belgian geologist, and leaves a
numerous family (children, grandchildren, and grcat-grandchildi'en) to mourn his
loss : he had been a widower since 1869. He was bred as it were to political life,
commencing as Communal Councillor for Waremme in 1846 (which position he
retained all his life) ; he entered the Belgian Senate in 1855, and remained for life ;
from 1880 to 1884 he was President of the Senate. For many years he was regarded
as the head of the Liberal (= anti-clerical) party in Belgium : notwithstanding his
advanced years, he attended to his parliamentary duties practically to the last. His
younger son (Walthere) is Senator for Nanuir, the elder (Raphael) prefers the less
exciting life of a country gentleman.

From early childhood Baron de Selys w'as passionately devoted to Natural
History, at first probably more especially to birds, and he once showed the writer a
book of coloured figures of Belgian birds, nicely executed, done by him before he
was 16. This love of birds lasted all his life, and attached to the chateau at
Waremme is a Museum in which his collection was kept : this collection comprised
many great rarities, including a Great Auk and egg, &c. He also devoted nuich
attention to the smaller mammals, and wrote uiuch concerning Ihem. As an ento-

1901.] 79

iiiologist lie occupied hiinsolf with tlii- Lejiklop/cru and Orlhoplera uf Eurojie and
the Neuroptera (especially Odonata) of the world. His first publication seems to
have been made in 1831 (when he was 18), and consisted of a Catalogue of the
insects of the environs of Liege in a local woi-k. In 1837 he published a List of
the Lepidoptera and Dragon-flies of Belgium, and from that date forward Ids pub-
lications may be said to have ilowed in a continuous stream, mainly on Odonata.
It is impossible to enumerate more than a few. The " Monograpliie des Libellu-
lidces d'Europe " (1840) was followed by an enlarged supplement, under the title
" Revue des Odonates d'Europe " (1850), which is still most useful. Then there
are the two large Monographs of " Grompliines " and " Calopterygines," and
Synopses of the " Groraphincs," " Calopterygines," " Agrionines," " Cordulines,"
and (generic only) " iEschnines :" the only subfamily not touched in a synop-
tical way being the difficult " Libellulines." Then there are numerous local
faunas for Di-agon-flies, appendices to works of travel, &c., &c., and there is
reason to believe he has left a mass of unpublished material. About the year 1845
he made the acquaintance of the late Dr. Hagen (commencing a friendship which
lasted till the death of tlie latter), and their joint authorship is acknowledged in the
" Revue " and the two Monographs above quoted. Hagen also aided largely in the
"Synopses," &c., and there are some cases in which " Selys " is given as the
author of species in Kirby's " Catalogue " which should properly be attributed to
Hagen, for on examination it will be seen that not only did de Selys place Hagen's
name against the species, but stated that he liad himself never seen the insects, and
that the descriptions were written by Ilagen. But these are only few compared with
the enormous number of species first introduced by de Selys, a number (pro-
bably about 1000, or one half of those now known) tliat can be appreciated
by glancing through the pages of Kirby's useful Catalogue just mentioned.
Naturally " «;« homme distrait" (as he himself often used to say), it is very
possible that the large inci-ease in the number of workers in Odonata of late
somewhat disconcerted him, and this same trait caused him to affix names to all
specimens in his collection coi'sidercd to represent new. species, whether he described
them or not, the result being that in his writings he occasionally compared a species
to some other by name, forgetting that the latter had not been published : this same
distraction also occasionally caused comical contretemps in daily life.

It was in January, 1869, that the writer first corresponded with de Selys.
Since that time several hundreds of letters passed between us, and if that corres-
pondence was somewhat less constant latterly the fault was the writer's. Moreover,
for many years the writer paid a visit almost annually to Belgium, either to stay
there, or en route in going to or returning from elsewhere. These visits usually
commenced with a few days' study at Lie'ge, followed by further days enfamille at
Waremme, which had a great charm about them ; perfect freedom from restraint,
unbounded hospitality, and the conversation of a delightful family, heightened by
occasional sallies of dry humour from our host himself. Also, in company with
de Selys en famille, or as jinrt of a scientific body (entomologists, botanists, &c.)
long excursions were made (sometimes lasting several days), and from this cause the
writer got to know more about odd corners of Belgmm than falls to the lot of most
foreigners. Notwithstanding wide difference of opinion on certain points, the
writer and his venerable friend were so Lies that it is impossible to avoid much of
a personal natui'e in this notice.

80 [March, 1901.

lie t ravi'llcd imicli, having been nearly all over Europe: he jiaid five or six
visits to lliis oouutry. He read Englitih easily, but scarcelj allowed himself to
speak it. And he understood most of the Latin languages (often conversationally) ;
the Teutonic were less familiar to him. lie became a Member of the Eelgian
Academy in 1841, and was Honorary Member of nearly all the Entomological
Societies in Europe, including London in 1871. Nowhere will he be more missed
than at the Societe Entomologique de Belgique, which he helped to found in 1856,
and which he aided ever since in every possible way, and of which he for many
years had been Honorary President.

From information received there seems to be some slight doubt as to the ultimate
destination of the invaluable general collection of Odonata, &e., and yet concerning
the minor collections tlie most minute instructions are given. The writer ventures to
suggest that the proper destination is the Musee d'llistoire Naturelle at Bruxelles.
— R. McLaculan.

Thk South Lonoon Entomological and Natdkal History Socikty:
November 22nd, 19U0.— Mr. W. J. LucAS, B.A., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Cane, of E. Dulwich, was elected a Member.

Mr. Adkin exhibited a varied series of Abraxas grossul a riata, and contributed
notes. Mr. Ashby, a long and varied series of the Coleopteron, Onthophagus vacca ,
from Willesden. Mr. F. M. B. Carr, a series of Taniocampa gothica, taken at
sallow in the New Forest at Easter in 1899 and 1900; and a pair of Trichiura
cratcegi bred from larvae taken at Ilaibham. Mr. Turner, a number of species of
Lepkloptera, and a few species of other Orders from Dawlish, and read notes on the
fauna of that place, entitled, " Desultory Days at Dawlish in August, 1900."

December l^th, 1900. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Nottle, of Lower Sydenham, and Mr. E. L. Hewitt, of Lewisham, were
elected Members.

Mr. Turner exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Tunaley, a specimen of Spilodes
palealis, taken in the Isle of Wight in July, together with five specimens of
Acherontia Atropos, bred from larva; taken at Porlock. Mr. R. Adkin, living
examples of Caradrina ambigua, bred on December 12th from South Devon ova, and
presented them to the Society's collections. Mr. Clarke, a specimen of Locusia
mridinsima from Deal, and presented it to the Society's collections. Mr. Turner,
large and well bred examples of Ocneria dispar. Mr. Sich, an example of Opurabia
autumnatn, bred November 7th from a larva taken on elm in Sussex. Mr. Manger,
a number of species of Rhopalocera taken in and around Ladysmith, Natal, includ-
ing Fieris hellica, Codas Electra, C. Myale, Fyrameis cardui, Frecis Sesamus,
Teracola Jo/mstoni, &c. Mr. MacArthur,a large number of Arctia Caja, including
one with very pale wings. Mr. Tutt, specimens of an Alpine form of Folyommaliis
JJorilis, and made remarks on the double-broodedness of the species. Mr. Kemp,
a Psocid, Clothilla picea. Mr. Moore, a specimen of Ophion luleum, and said that
he frequently took this species of Ichneumon in October and November. Dr.
Chapman, a number of specimens, prepared to show the various points in his paper,
" Some Wing Structures in Lepidoptera." — Ht. J. Tuknek, Eon. Secretary.

April, 1901.]

81

OBSERVATIONS ON GOCCIDM (No. 19).

BY E. NEWSTEAD, P.E.S.,

CURATOR OF THE GEOSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.

(Continued from 2nd series, vol. xi, page 251, October and November, 1900).

ASPIDIOTUS ALIENUS, n. sp.

$ puparium sub-circular, flat, convex ; colour pale purple-brown, margins

paler ; larval exuviae shining black, secrctionary covering dull brown, forming a

central point and eoncentric ring. Ventral scale rather strong, and generally

remains attached to the food-plant. G-reatest diameter, 2 — 2-25 mm.

? adult pyriform. Rudimentary antenna forming tubercle above basal curved

hair. Pygidium (figs.
1, 2) rather pointed.
Lobes in 3 pairs, of
which the median pair
are sometimes slightly
the longest ; the 3rd
broadest, have the
margins sloping up-
wai'ds. Beyond the
last lobe the margin
( is produced into 3—4
f|^K (usually 3) equidis-
tant angular proces-
ses, with the margin
between them finely
crenulated. Plates
between the lobes
broadly bifurcate.

Circumgenital glands in 4 groups : anterior laterals of 8 — 9, posterior laterals of
8 — 9. Club-shaped glands in 0 pairs, the central, 3rd and 4th pairs being less than
half the length of the others.

Hrtb. : on Caffleija Skinneri, under glass, London. Collected by
Mr. E. E. Green, to whom I am indebted for the specimens.

The form of the puparia, and also the deeply serrated margin of
the pygidium somewhat resemble that of Aspidiotus hiformis, Ckll. ; but
it is much more closely related to A. scutiformis, Ckll., and A. Boweri,
Ckll. It differs, however, from either of the latter by the unusually
broadly divergent, bifurcate, plates, and the regular and deeply ser-
rated margin, which latter chai'acter resembles the serrations in A.
paulistus, Hem pel.

AspiDioTTJS ARTicuLATUS, Morgau.
Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxv, pi. v, fig. 5,

p. 352.

82

[April,

Mr. E. E. Green t'ouiid cxtiuiplcs of this iuteivsLiug species at
Woi'cester Park, Surrey, June, 1899, on Ixora coccinea. It ia new to
the list of Coccids found in this counti'y.

Mytil-ISPIs pomorum, Bouche, var. candidus, n. vnr.

Pupariuin of adult ? snow-white, very elongate, and of uniform width
throughout, and convex ; texture much less horny than typical puparia.

This variety shows the most remarkable deviation from the type
I have yet seen. It was discovered by Mr. E. E. Green, at Halfway
Bridge, Petworth, Sussex, September 1st, 1899. He says : " I enclose
a single specimen of a Mytilaspis, with a snowy-white scale, which I
found a few days ago on hawthorn here. Do you think it is a distinct
species, or only a var. of M. lyomorum ? Irrespective of the colour,
the texture of the scale appears to me rather different." The $
agrees in every detail with typical M. pomorum.

DiASPis CARUELi, Targ. Tozz.
I have this species, new to Britain, from the Royal Gardens,
Kew, on Juniperus virqiniana, March, 1898. It is highly probable
that it is indigenous to this country, as it occurred upon a home-raised
plant, which was very badly infested.

FlORINIA KEWENSIS, n. Sp.
Pupariuin of adult $ elongate, and much narrowed at the anal extremity ;
composed externally of a closely felted white material. The removal of the felted
secretionary covering reveals the highly chitinized exuvife of the second stage ? ,
which is usually of a pale castaneous coloui*. Larval exuvise at cephalic extremity,
yellow or yellowish-brown. Long., '75 — 1 mm.

Pygidium of second stage ? (fig. 4.) with an ovate valve, which affords a

means of escape for the imprisoned
larvse.

Adult ? elongate, much smal-
ler than the insect of the previous
stage, and completely enclosed
within the moulded skin of the
latter. Rudimentary antennae with
3 long spiny liairs. Spii'acles en-
circled by parastigmatic glands.
Pygidium (fig. 3), without grouped
glands, furnished with about 8
long spiny hairs at the margins,
and 4 — 6 others on the dorsal area.
Anal opening central.

Long., "50— '70 mm.

1901]

83

Piipariuin of the <? very elongate, rounded, convex, and widest immediately
behind the larval exuvise, and more or less pointed at the posterior extremity ;
white and closely felted. Long,, "50 — "70 mm.

Hab. : on Howea Fosferiana, in temperate house, at the Eoyal
Gardens, Kew, March, 189S. Eeceived from the Curator, Mr. G.
Nicholson.

This species has the singular habit of living in little colonies or
family parties, which generally consist of two or three females and
several males. The insects were very abundant on the leaves sub-
mitted to me. It seems a well-marked species, and hitherto undescribed.

LlCHTENSIA EPHEDBJE, 11. Sp.

9 ovisac pure white and very closely felted ; very elongate, transversely and
longitudinally convex, or boat-shaped.

Long., 8 — 10 nun. ; wide, 3 mm. ; greatest height, 2'50 — 3'50 mm.
J pupariuin (scale) glossy-white, of the ordinary Lecanoid form.

Long., 2'25 mm.

? adult ovate, marginal spines short, blunt, equidistant, and
continuous, rarely two examples ai'e placed together, the rest of
the epidermis i-emarkably free from spines, hairs, or spinnerets.
Spiracles trumpet-shaped. Mentum monomerous. Anal dorsal
lobes normal. Anal ring with 8 long hairs. Antennae (fig. 5) of
8 joints, of which 3 is long as 4 and 5 together ; foi-mula, 3, 2
(4,5,8), (6,7), 1. Legs slender; digitules to tarsi long, stout,
are of uniform width throughout, with truncate ends, those of
the claw scarcely shorter, but stouter, dilate at apex, and finely
but unequally divided and pointed.

Ova. Crushed examples had stained the ovisacs bright
crimson.

Rah. : on Ephedra nlte, C. A. Meg. {Cretacece), and
j'9-'~'- apparently peculiar to this plant. "Gathered in the

Waddy Gerrawy, Helonau, 15' South of Cairo, February, 1900.

The specimens were kindly forwarded to me by Admiral R. W.
Blomfield, who also furnished the following particulars : — " The speci-
mens were really discovered by a very old friend, Dr. George
Schweinfurth, the African traveller, who accompanied me on the
occasion. Oddly enough the other member of our party was an even
older African traveller than Dr. S., viz., Mr. Francis Galtou."

The distinctive features of this insect are the form and size of the
ovisac, and the curiously divided digitules to the claw, the latter being
a character I have not hitherto observed in any other Coccid.

84

[AprU,

ACLEUDA JAPONICA, It. tip.

Adult ? (fig. ()) covering all unprotected portions of her body with closely
felted white wax, and those portions, dorsal and ventral, in contact with the

food-plant, with a thin white mealy wax ; this arrangement of secreted matter, and
the food-plant forming the ovisac, which must be considered incomplete.

Form elongate, about three times longer than broad, slightly widest towai'ds
anal extremity. Antennae and legs absent. Eostrum placed about one-third of
the distance between the extremities. First pair of spiracles just above ros-
trum, second pair considerably below it and almost central. Anal cleft (fig. 7)
deep, apex forming more or less distinct angular processes, quite spine-like in some
individuals ; dermis on either side strongly chitinised, crenulated at the margins,
and just within the latter an irregular double series of circular spinnerets, divided
from each other by irregular wavy stria?. Anal ring (fig. 7) with 20 — 24 very long
flat hairs, so arranged at the base that they touch each other, and form in section
about two-thirds of a cylinder ; the ring itself is attached to a much larger hemis-
pherical organ which lies within a large cii'cular cavity. In some of the specimens
there are 4 — 6 curious flattened hairs with emarginate ends (fig. 8) proceeding
from the cleft, which appear to be attaclied to the hemispherical organ supporting
the anal ring. Dermis at margin with many acorn-shaped spines (fig. 9).

Long., 4 — 8 mm.

Mab. : beneath the leaf sheaths of Arundinaria japonica, under
glass, Broxbourne, Herts, on recently imported plants, causing the
sheaths to swell out at those parts which cover the insects.

The extraordinary vitality of a female of this species is certainly
not the least remarkable feature it possessed. The first batch of
specimens reached me on January 27th, the second on February 15th ;
after selecting a series from them for study, the remainder were
placed in a cardboard box and set aside in a perfectly dry place until
the September following, when I found one of the females still alive,
and apparently looking none the worse for its lengthy fast of eight
months ! Certain of the MonojMebids have been known to survive

1901.] 85

long extended fasts ; and I believe the late Mr. Maskell was the first
to call attention to this peculiar trait in the Coccidoe^ but this species
certainly beats all previous records that are known to me.

Antonina socialis, n. sp.

Ovisac of 9 usually complete, and wholly or partly hidden beneath the leaf-
sheaths of the bamboo ; white, elongate, ovate, flat, and closely felted, but brittle.

Long., 5 — 8 mm.

Adult ? (fig. 10) viviparous ; elongate, about 3 times longer than broad ; legs
absent. Antennse (fig. 12) comparatively long, of 3 joints, basal joint shortest, 2 and
3 of nearly equal length, the latter with 5 — 6 stout hairs at the tip, and a single one
on the first, articulations very distinct. Rostrum inserted about one-ninth of the
distance between the extremities, raentum uniarticulate, loop of filaments extending
midway between the spiracles; 2nd pair of the latter central, 1st pair equidistant
between them and the cephalic margin. Anal ring (fig. 11) with 6 hairs lying
within a trough-shaped cavity. Dermis above with circular spinnerets, which in-
crease in number towards the margins, and on the abdominal segments, those at
the posterior extremity becoming gradually larger and more numerous.

Long., 4"8 mm.

Larva : antennae of 6 joints, of which 6 is much the longest, formula;, 6 (1, 2,
3, 4, 5). Anal lobes well formed and furnished with several spines. Anal ring of
6 hairs recessed from the margin.

This species may be recognised by its comparatively long antennae and the
curious flattened hairs.

Hab. : living in company with the preceding species under the
leaf-sheaths of Ariindinnria jcqyonica, under glass, Broxbourne, Herts,
on freshly imported plants. Eeceived from the Editor of the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, Dr. Masters, January 26th, 1899.

The following pai'ticulars concerning the form and colour of the
insects in life were made when they first reached me. Unfortunately
I did not then discover there were two species living together, and. I
cannot now eliminate the characters of the respective species with
any certainty : —

" Form :— Distinctly elongate, cephalic portion more or less clypeate, with the
margins thin and slightly produced ; convex and slightly widest in the middle. The
whole dorsal area presenting a remarkable resemblance to the convex side of a
grain of wheat."

" Colour : — Dirty white, pale to dull ochreous or brownish, abdominal extremity
red and brown."

Dacttlopius Luffi, n. sp.

Ovisac of 9 rather closely felted, long, cylindrical, and of equal width through-
out ; ? remaining, uncovered, at the cephalic extremity.

Long., 3 — 4 mm. ; diameter, "75 mm.

86

[April,

? adult very active, constructing ovisac at period of i^esta-
iion ; mealy, but without marginal appendages ; segmentation
distinct ; form rather short, ovate, anal extremity emarginate.
Anal lobes indicated by a single hair. Anal ring of 6 long hairs,
intervening spaces with irregular ovate glands. Dermis thickly set
with circular spinnerets, forming broad bands on the abdominal
segments ; there are also numerous short hairs, but these are much
fewer in number than the spinnerets. Antennse (fig. 13) of 8
joints, of which the last is much the longest ; formula, 8, 1, 2, 3,
4 (5, 6, 7), all the joints with fine hairs. Mentum biai-ticulate,
rather pointed, joints with minute hairs on both surfaces. Legs
rather long, hairy ; digitules to claw slightly dilate, tliose of the
tarsi simple. Long., 1-50—2 mm.

Hah. : on the lower stem and roots of Lepigomim
riq)estre, Guernsey, " near the west coast of tbc Island,"
September, 1899. Discovered by Mr. W. A. Luff.

Accompanying tbe specimens Mr. Luff sent the following par-
ticulars : — " I herewith enlose Coccids (JRipersia?) found at roots of
Lepigonum rupestre, not under stones, but in sandy soil. They occur
in such thick clusters, and are so lively, that T thought they might
possibly be something new" {in lift.). The agility of these little
" mealy bugs " was quite remarkable, and certainly not equalled by
any other Coccid I have observed. From this habit and their small
size, I thought it possible they might be immature, but I found
several had already begun to " spin," and in the course of a week or
so the rest of them had constructed their ovisacs ; most of them on
the roots of the Lepigomim, which became quite white with them,
and many others on the sides of the box in which they were im-
prisoned.

This minute species is apparently new, and I have much pleasure
in dedicating it to its discoverer, Mr. W. A. Luff, whose work on the
fauna of the Channel Islands is well known and appreciated.

Dacttlopius fobmiceticola, n. n.

Dactylopius formicarius, Newst., Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., vol. xi, p.
249, October, 1900.
The name D. formicarius comes too close to Dactylopitis formicarii,
Ehrhorn (Canad. Ent., vol. xxxi, Jan., 1899, p. G), and must be sup-
pressed. I regret I had not seen it was pre-occupied until my attention
was called to the matter.

Chester : January, 1901.

1901.] 87

MOTH CATCHING BY ELECTRIC LIQHT AT THE BOER CAMP,
DIYATALAWA, CEYLON.

BY E. ERNEST GREEN, F.E S., Governmrnt Emtosiolooiist.

At the invitation of one of the officers of the regiment guarding
the Boer prisoners at Diyatalavva, I visited the camp to see the
swarms of moths attracted each night by the powerful electric lamps
erected round the Boer enclosure. I spent two nights at this work
(December 15th and 16th), and had what was to me a most unique
experience.

The Boer camp is situated in a small hollow in the midst of the
undulating patna land at Diyatalawa, at an elevation of about 4000
feet. The electric lamps, of which there are 38, at an average dis-
tance of 85 yards from each other, are visible from the surrounding
hills within a radius of about three miles, and where there are no hills
to interrupt the view, the glare of the lights must be noticeable from
a much greater distance. I am told that at Hakgala, some ten miles
distant, the individual lights can be detected on a clear night. The
country for miles around is completely open, consisting of the wiry
patna grass and the usual small patna plants. With the exception of
a few small patches of scrub in an occasional hollow, there is no
wooded land that could provide breeding ground for the myriads of
moths that are nightly attracted. The nearest forest is fully two
miles distant. Tet it is remarkable that the greater number of moths
seen and captured are such as feed, in the larval stage, on plants and
trees not present on the patnas.

The lamps, I am informed, are of the " Brockie Pell " pattern,
each lamp of a nominal 2000 candle power. The standards, made of
sawn timber (7 in. by 7 in.), about 25 feet high, form an admirable
resting place for the dazzled moths.

The lamps ai^e lighted at dusk which, at this season, is soon after
6 p.m , but it is some little time before the insect crowd assembles.
The fun was in full swing when we started on our rounds at 9 o'clock.
From a little distance every lamp was seen to be surrounded by a
whirling swarm of brilliantly illuminated objects. As we approached
the grass was dotted with dazzled moths, and for several yards round
the foot of the post the ground was simply carpeted with them. It
became impossible to walk without treading upon them. The post
itself was encrusted with moths of all sizes, from the large Saturniids
and Sphingids to the smallest Noetuids and Pyrales. Very few Tineids

88 f^P"^'

were noticed. On one sinsjle post I counted 39 specimens of the
handsome hawk moth Vseudosphinx discistriga,\v\\\\e Daplinis hypofJwus
and Theretra nessus almost rivalled the Pseudospltinx in numbers.
But b}'' far the most prominent species were the Noctuids, Oxyodes
scrohiculata and Maceda mansueta. These two species were present in
tens of thousands. The moths rested most thickly high up on the
post close to the lamp. A pair of Zeiss's field-glasses proved most
useful for scrutinizing this part of the post. It was a wonderful
sight to see all these handsome moths in such close proximity to each
other, the smaller species filling up the interstices between the wings
of the larger, or even superimposed upon them.

We found that a butterfly net was both inefficient and unnecessary.
A better instrument was what we nickiumied the " tickler." It con-
sisted of a long pole to the top of which was spliced a thin pliant
twig, the whole resembling a fishing-rod. By careful manipulation
the moths could be induced to transfer their hold to the twig and
could then be gently lowered to the ground, or, if dislodged, they
merely fluttered down and allowed themselves to be handled and
examined without attempting to escape. The three large killing
bottles with which I had provided myself were soon overcrowded, and
resource was had to chloroform, a few drops of which, placed on the
under surface of the largest moths, gave them their quietus, when
they were folded in soft paper and put away in boxes with more of
the chloroform to keep them asleep. Only strictly limited series were
taken, and any individuals that showed interesting variations. Thou-
sands of magnificent specimens (it was remarkable that nearly all the
insects were in perfect condition) were left, though it is feared that
few lived to repeat their frolic on the following night, and certainly
none would return to their breeding grounds. Most of the lamps
are set in the direct track of the sentries, and the heavy foot of the
British soldier extinguished many a glorious specimen that would have
gladdened the heart of an English entomologist. The path was
decorated with a mosaic of variegated wings and bodies crushed into
the mud.

I was surprised to find that on the occasion of my visit neither
bats* nor goatsuckers were availing themselves of the feast that was
ready for the taking. Only an occasional toad was deliberately load-
ing itself up with the smaller moths that fluttered to the ground.

* Since writing the above, I hear that, on a subsequent occasion, bats were present in
considerable numbers.

1901. 1 89

Several of these toads had fallen victims to the regimental boot and
been added to the pattern impressed on the path. Others had iilled
themselves to repletion and when touched turned over on their backs
and gazed at the brilliant light in a condition of semi-hypnotism.

Some thirty lamps or more completed the circuit. Each one of
these was visited in turn. The sentry-boxes also, built of white
pinewood, amply repaid careful inspection. By the time the round
had been accomplished it was past midnight. I was warned, however,
that an early morning visit was advisable, before the crows, sparrows
and swallows had commenced their work of destruction. So we
started again at daybreak, and found the moths almost as we had left
them, exce])t that they were all at rest, and selection could be made
with greater ense and deliberation. But now we were not the only
collectors. An army of birds (sparrows and swallows, assisted by an
occasional crow) was busily at work. The sparrows fluttered against
the ])osts, knocking off a cluster of moths, and pounced on such as
fell to the ground ; while the swallows exterminated those who tried
to escape by flight. We amused ourselves by starting an occasional
flight of moths and observing how the swallows unerringly avoided
the several si)ecies that were protected by an offensive smell, such as
Tlypsa compJnna, H. producfa and Pelochjfa astrea. This last insect,
when handled, emitted a quantity of evil-smelling froth from each side
of the prothorax.

The same performance was repeated on the second night when,
if possible, an even larger assemblage of moths was present. It is
difiScult to understand whence such myriads of insects could be drawn
each night, never to return to lay their eggs. A long continuance of
these conditions must inevitably lead to the extinction of many species
from that district. The attraction has now been in force since the
middle of August last. The crowd is denser on some nights than on
others. The moths do not assemble to any extent when a cold wind
is blowing, and strong moonlight is a deterrent. Warm damp nights,
after rain, produce the heaviest crops.

It was particularly noticeable that very few purely local species
were represented. In fact, Sangatissa suhcurvifera was almost the
only moth that does not occur in the Kandy district (at half the
elevation of Diyatalawa).

The following more striking species were noticed : —

Sattjuniid.s; : Actias Selene, Hiibn. Bombycid.E : Ounda sikkima, Moore.
EUPTEKOTID.E : E. fancicUii, Moore ; Saiiffatissa suhcurvifera, Wlk. SnilNGiD^ :

90 [April,

Acherontia Lnchenis, Fabr. ; Chaerocampa Ce/erio, Linn, (this insect was found to
make a squeaking noise, much like the well known note of Acherontia) ; Daphtiis
Hijpothous, Cram. ; Theretra Nessus, Drury ; Protoparce convoivuli, Linn., and
Pseiidosphiiix disdstriga, Wlk. NOTODONTID^ : Stauropiis aUeriiii.i, Wlk., and
Centra lilurafa, Wlk. CossiD^ : Duomitus leuconoius, Wlk., and Zeuzera post-
excisa, [Impsn. Lasiocampid^: Trabala Vishnu, Lef. liYMAyiHiTyM: L. gr'ntdis,
Wlk. Arctiid^ : Chioncema subornata, Wlk., and Pelochyla astrea, Drury.
N0CTUID.E : Arsilasisa plagiata^^lk.; Leociima sericea, Hinpsn. ; L. biplai/a,
Wlk. ; Callijna siderea, Guen. ; Ramadasa Pavo, Wlk. ; Hyhlcea coiistellata,
Gnen. ; Bleniixi. donans and B. arcipiens,WW. ; Argi/rothripa i/risea, Umpsn. ;
HypocaJa Moorei, Bull.; H. lativitta, Moore ; Patula macrops, Linn. ; I'olydesma
leprom, Hmpsn. ; Ophiusa cuprea, Hmpsii.; Hypaetra «/;«>«/*.«, Moore ; Ischyia
Manila, Cram.; Hamodes aurantiara, Gucn. (not previously recorded from Ceylon) ;
Spirama retorta. Cram. ; Ophideres salaniniia, Fabr. ; O. ancilla. Cram., and O.
fiiUonica, Linn. Amongst GEOMETRiDiE, the gem of the evening was Uliocnemis
partita, VfW. (also new to Ceylon ). The PYiiAi.iDJi: were notably represented by
Pygospila Tyres, Cram. ; Neurina Procopia, Cram. ; Glj/phodes gIauct(laIis,Gium. ;
O. stolalis, Guen., and Bofiodes a.'dali.s-, Guen., with many less conspicuous species.
There were besides several novelties tliat I have not yet been able to determine.

Other Orders of insects, chiefly Hemiptera, were represented. The giant
water-bug, Beloitoma indicum, was dashing about in every direction, while the
brightly coloured Catacanthus incarnatus. anfl the stink-bug par excellence, Nezara
niriduJa, were to be seen on every post. Scarabreids and water-beetles were
attracted in considerable numbers, and a few specimens of the .inopheles mosquito
were noticed.

With such results from only two nights' work, wliat could not a systematic
collector, stationed on the spot, effect in the course of the year ? Each month would
bring a partial change of species.

Some of the Boer prisoners have occupied their leisure in catching the moths
that settle within their bounds, and have in this way amassed quite considerable
collections. I noticed several rarities in their boxes, notably the large Eupterotid,
Apona sheiiarogensis, Moore. I also remarked a magnificent Noctuid, as large as,
or even larger than, Patula macrops, which was quite unknown to me, and which I
have been unable to recognise in "The Moths of British India." I tried to induce
the wily Boer to sell, but money was no object to him, and he refused to part with
his treasure for any consideration. He expressed his intention of sending his
collection to his wife in London. Perhaps this apparently unique specimen may
yet find its way to the British Museum. These men were working under great
disadvantages. The lamps are outside the barrier, and only a small pereentage of
the moths settle within their lines. Then they have to be within doors soon after
sundown. They have no proper apparatus for collecting and preserving their
specimens, but have manufactured for tlicmselvos rough setting-boards and store-
boxes. In the face of all these difiieulties several collections of real merit have
been formed.

Peradeniya, Ceylon :

Februari/, 1901.

1901.] 91

SOME REMARKS ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF LIMNIUS.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

My friend Mr. J. Edwards bas recently sent me for examination
four Limnii, from Norfolk, apparently belonging to as many species,
of which he enclosed enlarged photographs, taken by himself. If
these specimens are to be referred to two species only, as seems pro-
bable, there must be considerable variation in the sculpture, &c., of
the members of this genus, and it is therefore worth while calling
attention to them. The chief diflerential characters noticed by Mr.
Edwards between these four insects, which for convenience are here
referred to under the numbers 1—4, are as follows: —

1. Elytra coarsely punctate-striate on the disc (the interstices ap-

pearing convex), about 2\ times longer than the thorax ;
thorax shining on the disc.

2. Elytra sculptured as in No. 1, about 2| times longer than the

thorax ; thorax dull and rugulose on the disc.

3. Elytra finely and somewhat shallowly punctate-striate on the disc,

the interstices flat, each with a distinct single series of
punctures.

4. Elytra as in No. 3, but without a distinct single series of punctures

on each interstice.

No. 1 is the common species known under the name of L. Darge-
lasi, Latr. (== tuberculafus, Miill., Jacnstris, Steph., variabilis; Steph.,
etc.). No. 2 was found by Mr. Edwards at Honing, Norfolk, on July
10th, 1890, when collecting in my company. There is a specimen
very like it in Dr. Power's collection, and another in thatof Stephens.
Compared with X. Dargelasi the rugulose and relatively longer thorax
give the insect a somewhat different facies. Nos. 3 and 4 are, no
doubt, forms of L. troglodytes, Gr}'ll- (= Huviatilis, Steph.), and they
can be matched in a series of that species from Slapton in my collec-
tion. The single interstitial series of punctures shows very clearly
in Mr. Edwards' photograph of No. 3. His specimen of the latter
was taken near Norwich in April, 1882, and Stephens' L. fluvintilis is
also stated to be from Noi'folk. I have taken L. troglodytes in the
New Forest with L. Dargelasi, and at Soham, Cambs., and have seen
examples of it, from Horsell, mixed with the series of L. rivularis
in the Power collection at the British Museum.

L. rivularis, Kosenh., is considerably smaller than any of the
above mentioned forms ; this insect has also been found by Dr. Power
in my own neighbourhood, but 1 have not yet met with it in the

92 [Apiil,

district. Mr. J. J. Walker and myself have taken the species
iu abundance at Algeciras, Spain. L. neuter, Kuwert, from the
south of Europe, a specimen of which has been lent me by M.
Grouvelle, of Paris, is extremely like L. Dargelasi, but it is a little
more elongate and relatively narrower, with the punctures of the
elytral stria? not so coarse, the 2nd and 3rd interstices distinctly uni-
seriate-punctate, and the sutural stria shallower; it is quite unrecog-
nisable from the description. L. (Elmis) ruqosus, Babiiigton (the
specific name of which appears to have been taken from the rugose
appearance of the elytra, and not of that of the thorax), a species
noted fi'om Britain only in the last European Catalogue, has been
resuscitated by Kuwert, though he does not pretend to identify it.
Stephens describes the species, but I can find no trace of an insect
thus labelled in his collection. The name has long since been dropped
by British Coleopterists, and no useful pur[)ose can be served by
reviving it.

M. Grouvelle has been kind enough to examine Mr. Edwards'
insects ; he considers them to belong to two species only, L. Dargelasi
and L. troglodytes, awA states that he has often seen similar specimens.
It may be here remarked that the Limnii, like other Elmidce, require
thoroughly cleaning from their usual earthy incrustation before the
sculpture can be properly seen. The excellent photographs of these
insects taken by Mr. Edwards, which cannot be conveniently repro-
duced here, show that many differential characters, especially of
relative measurements, and even of sculpture, can be readily made
clear by this method, and more easily understood than by the most
lengthy descri|)tion.

Horsell, Woking :

March Uli, 1901.

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF WARBLE-FLIES.

BY ERNEST E. AUSTEN.

Accurate observations on the oviposition and life-history of the
British Cattle Warble-Flies, Hypoderma lineatmn, Vill., and iJ . bovis,
Deg., are urgently needed.

Since it was shown more than half a century ago by Bracy
Clark* that the ovipositor of Hypoderma bovisf is incapable of piercing

* Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xi.x;, p. 83 (1845).

t That the larva of //. lineatum is likevs/ise parasitic in cattle was not definiteli' known until
the publication in 1890 of Prof. Brauer's paper : — " Ueber die b'e.ststelhint? des Wohnthiores der
Hi/po(l.eriiia lineiita, Villers," &c. (Verh. z.-b. Ge.s. Wien, Bd., xl, 18!M), pp. r)(l9 -5151. Bi'auer
showed that larvie of both species may occur in the same animal.

1901.] 93

the skin of cattle, Ji statement supported by further observations in
Prof. Brauer's well-known " Monographic tier ffistriden " (18G3), it
was generally supposed that the eggs are deposited on the skin of the
back and loins, or else attached to hairs in the same region ; and that
the young larvae, after being hatched by the warmth of the animal's
body, bore their way through the skin, the passage in which after-
wards closes up. It was known that for some mouths the larvae lie
dormant, or travel about in the tissues of the host, until they
eventually come to rest beneath the skin of the back, forming round
them the well-known subcutaneous cysts called "warbles." Each
warble communicates with the exterior by a hole in the skin, through
which the larva breathes, and by means of which it escapes from the
host when mature, in order to pupate in the ground. These holes are
permanent, remaining when the hide is dressed, and since a badly
warbled animal may harbour perhaps a hundred larvae or more, the
fiuished hide presents the appearance of having been riddled with
shot. Warble-flies are, therefore, the cause of much loss to the
leather industry every year. The present paper, however, is concerned
with the larva) themselves rather than with their economic importance.

In the case of Hypoderma linecitum, at any rate, recent investi-
gations have shown that the larvae enter the body of the host in a
manner different from that indicated above.

In 1890, Curtice recorded the fact (Insect Life, vol. ii, 1890, pp.
207, 208) that in the United States he had found in cattle, during
December, 1889, and January, 1890, larvae of what he termed Hypo-
derma bo via (really H. Uneatum) in apparently peculiar situations.
These larvae, which were "from 10 — 15 mm. long., and 1*5 mm. thick,"
were situated —

"(1) in the oesophageal walls, (2) one specimen under the pleura near the
eleventh rib, (3) in the subcutaneous tissue of the back, and (1) in subcutaneous
tumors which opened by an orifice upon the external skin."

On the basis of these observations Curtice suggested that: —

" It is possible tliat the eggs or larva; are licked by the cattle from the backs ;
that the larvse make their way into the cjesophageal walls, and from thence, during
the proper season, through the back in the neighbourhood of the eleventh rib to
the skin."

The question was further investigated in the case of Hypoderma
Uneatum in the United States by Prof, Hiley (Insect Life, vol. iv,
1892, pp. 302—317), who fully confirmed Dr. Curtice's views. Prof.
Riley's " Conclusions " {op. cit., p. 316), are of sufficient interest to
be quoted at length. They are as follows : —

94 [April,

'■ The Amurican Ox VVaiblc, in every ease so far observed, is the larva of
Hypoderma lineata* This species has eoiiie to be known, especially through the
south and south-west, as the Heel Fly, on account of the habit which the female
has of frequenting the legs of animals for purposes of oviposition. While the eggs
are laid on other parts of the body tiiat may be reached by the tongue, the species
shows quite a strong tendency to select the flanks and legs around the heels, and
the habit, almost everywhere observed, that cattle have of seeking to ]irotect their
legs by running into water daring the bot-fly season finds its explanation in these
facts. The eggs are attached firmly, by a strong cleft, in rows of from five to ten
or more, to the hairs. (For figures of the eggs, see op. ciL, p. 307, fig. 41).

" When the cattle lick themselves, the young larva) are taken into the mouth,
as, under pressure and moisture, the egg readily splits at its anterior end, and
releases the young larva, which is already well developed when the egg is laid.
Doubtless quite frequently the eggs with the contained larvae are taken with the
hair in this licking, but in either event the larva in leaving the egg is armed with
many minute spines, which permit it to adhere to and to penetrate the walls of the
oesophagus. Here it soon moults and takes on the second or smooth stage, which
for eight or nine months wanders slowly in the tissues of its host. The slow move-
ment and the little nourishment taken reduce the inflammation and irritation to a
minimum ; in fact, the most remarkable thing in the life-history of this larva is the
long period of latency, and the slight development that takes place during the
summer and autumn months. During the late winter the larva reaches a point
beneath the skin in the region of the back, and penetrates the skin, anal end first, as
Dr. Curtice believes, and as seems most probable. Here it moults a second time,
and re-assumes its spinous character, producing more or less inflammation and de-
veloping rapidly, with its enlarged spiracles fitted for more perfect breathing. The
third moult soon follows, and we get the more strongly spined grub, with its still
larger spii'acles, which lives in the swellings or sacs so well known to stockmen. It
finally woi'ks its way out, drops to the ground, which it enters, and where it
contracts, hardens, and darkens in colour. In a few weeks afterward the perfect fly
issues.

" That such is the normal and invariable life-history of Hypoderma lineata I
think there can no longer be a doubt, and the burden of proof of any departure
from it will rest hereafter with those who contend otherwise."

The early stages of the larva of Hypoderma hovis have recently

beeu studied by Koorevaar in Amsterdam (" J'ijdschrift der Neder-

landsche Dierkundige Vereeniging," 2de serie, deel v (1S9S), pp.

29 — 34: — c/! translation by the present writer in Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., ser. 7, vol. 4 (1899), pp. 69 — 78), with a view to discovering

whether the Hypoderma larva?, which are frequently met with within

the spinal canal of cattle, lying in the fat surrounding the spinal

cord, as well as in the wall of the oesophagus, are really the same as

those often found iu the same animal in warbles beneath the skin.

From the results of his experiments with living Hypoderma larvae

* In connection with this statonient it is worthy of note that, from evidence afforded by the
series of specimens in the British Museum (Natural History), H. lineatum is far more common
than U. bovis iu England also.

1901.] 95

removed from the s[)iiial f;iii:il of cattle and inserted beneath tlie skin

of a dog and of a goat, while other simihir larvae were introduced into

the oesophagus of two other dogs aud of a rabbit, Koorevaar carne to

the conclusion that —

" The young larvEE of Hypoderma boi-is at first pass beiieatli the skin, and
froiu thence betake tliemselves to the spinal canal and other places, to return later
into the subcutis, and there undergo furtiier development under the well-known
conditions " (Ann. Mag., loc. cit., p. 73).

It follows that if we accept the conclusions of both Koorevaar
aud Riley, there is a striking dift'erence between the life-histories of
Hypoderma hovis and H. lineatum, in that, while the larvse of both
ultimately form warbles beneath the skin of cattle, in the earliest
stage the larvje of the former gain access to the host by boring their
way through the skin (as was formerly believed to be the case in all
species of Hypoderma), while those of the latter do so via the mouth
and the wall of the oesophagus. Koorevaar's opinion, however, was
due to finding that while the larva? inserted beneath the skin
" wandered about into various places agreeing with those in which
they are found in cattle," the introduction of larvte per os produced
a negative result, in that all trace of the larvte disappeared. In con-
nection with this it may be pointed out, however, that since, as is
shown in the extract from Riley quoted above, the just-hatched larva
of Hypoderma lineatum is armed with spines, which enable it to pierce
the CEsophageal wall, while in the subsequent stage in which it travels
about in the tissues of its host its integument is smooth, it may well
be that the spinal larva of R. bovis is unable to make its way through
the tough wall of the oesophagus, although it may have done so in
the previous stage. It is scarcely likely that between the life-histories
of two closely allied species such a striking difference should exist as
that indicated above, but, as has been shown, the conclusions of
Koorevaar and Riley are not necessarily antagonistic. Enough has
been said, however, to enforce the statement at the commencement of
this paper, and to show that any student of natural history, who
happens to live in a district in which either or both of our British
Cattle Warble-Flies occur, might do really useful work by taking the
hint. It is scarcely necessary to remark that should Hypoderma hovis
be found, like H. lineatum, to be in the habit of depositing its eggs
on the hair round the pasterns, there would, in the case of this species
also, be strong presumptive evidence in favour of Prof. Riley's view.

British Museum (Natural History),
London, S.W. :

February 20th, 1901.

96 [April,

HYMENOPTEKOLOGIUAL NOTKS.
i!Y THE REV. F. D. MOUIOE, M.A. , F.E.S.

1. Furiiiica fiisca (^ ^ and $ ? in a nest of F. san guinea. — In the
past summer I have several times visited a large and somewhat
peculiar nest of Formica sanguinea., L., near Weybridge Station. The
ants have taken advantage of a large square of coarse sacking,
which some one has thrown down on the heath a few yards off
the road. Under this they live, tunnelling into the whole of the
ground which it covers, but with no roof to their nest except the
sacking itself. Throughout June and July the whole nest was
swarming with sanguinea workers, among whom might be seen com-
paratively a very small number of their usual "slaves" or "associates,"
the $ $ of F.fusca, Latr.

On July 13th I found, on uncovering the nest, a number of
winged forms, which 1 expected would all belong to sanguinea, as
Huber asserts more than once that winged forms of fusca do not
occur in the "fourmilieres mixtes," and Darwin makes the same
statement in " Origin of Species. " However, though a large propor-
tion of them were ^J ^ of sanguinea, four J J and two $ ? proved
to belong to the other species. Sanguinea $ did not appear at all,
and on my next visit (after an absence of some weeks) all the winged
forms had disappeared from the nest, though the workers were as
busy and numerous as ever.

1 have looked through a good many accounts of the habits of
sanguinea (in Emery, Andre, Farren White, &c.) without finding
any clear confirmation or contradiction of Huber's view. He states
it very positively, and even declares that the sanguinea so times its
raids on fusca as to avoid any risk of carrying houie ^ or $ pupae of
the slave species. But in the present case both $ $ and J J of
fusca had undoubtedly been reared along with those of sanguinea.

2. Melecta luctuosa, Scop., and armata, Pz. — It is generally said
{e.g., by Smith) that these species are respectively parasitic on Antho-

phora retusa, lj.,aiid pilipes, F.,only. 1 believe it is true that luctuosa
does not occur with 2}iiip^s, but 1 am rather strongly of opinion that
armata infests both species. Meiusa in this neighbourhood is almost
as common as jjilijjcs, hut ap])ears somewhat later — the two periods of
appearance, however, overlapping considerably. The burrows of the
two species occur in the same banks and appear to be precisely
similar. About these banks M. armata simply swarms all through the
spring, and 1 have often found it flying there amid crowds of retusa

1900.] 97

?, when plllpcs appareutly was over. Lucliiosa lias been talit'U by
Mr. Saunders at Chobbam, but 1 bave uever succeeded in finding it
myself anywhere in this neighbourhood. Whenever 1 have looked
for it in retusa colonies I have only found armata.

At Swanage this spi-ing I saw a few specimens of luctuosn which
were certainly associating with reiuna; but even there ^rwr/ffl occurred
also, and in much greater abundance.

M. luctuosa is a common species on the Continent, but in England
it seems to be decidedly rare, even in localities ^\here retusa is plenti-
ful. I know of no district in which pili2)eii and armaia are not to be
found nd libitum.

3. Eucera longicornis, L. — It is perhaps worth noticing that our
species - or, at least, all specimens that I have taken or seen of it —
has a coarsely or rugosely punctured mesonotum, and is, therefore,
not the species considered abroad {cf. Friese, A p. Europ.) to be the
true '' loiifjicornis'' of L. Our species is that described by Friese
as " difficilis, Perez." Unluckily there is nothing whatever in the
Linnean description to show which of the two species he had before
him. 1 have taken both in the Alps. A priori one would rather
expect that our species, which is also, as Herr Alfken has told me,
the only form he takes in North Germany (near Bremen) would be
that familiar to Linne. But I am not prepared to argue the question,
and would merely point out that our lon(jicornis'\% not that of "Apidse
Europsere, Friese."

4. Ellampus cwmdeus, Dhb. (?). — 1 took on June 27th last, in a lane
near Chobham, a very queer little Chrysid, which, I think, must be a
variety of this species— probably an exceedingly dark specimen of the
variety virens, Mocs. Its colour is almost entirely inky-black, with
metallic green tints only on the sides of the abdomen and the legs.
uEneus, Pz., which is not rare near Chobham, sometimes goes quite
black, and I should refer my insect to that species, but that there are
distinct punctures at the base of the mesonotum. These punctures,
it is true, are hardly so strong as in normal specimens of cceruleus ;
still, they exist, and there is no trace of anything like them in any of
my specimens of ceneus.

E. ccdruleus var. virens has occurred in England. I have a speci-
men found by Mr. Watkins in an old cherr^^ tree.

5 Odj/nerus Icevipes, Shuck. — Some years ago I picked up a dried
bramble stem from a heap beside the road from AV^oking to Guildford,
from which next summer I reared a (J and a ? of this apparently
rare species. Happening last winter to pass the same spot I again

K

98 [April,

saw a heap oi' bniiuble slcin.s lyiii^ tliure, and I'oLinel that sfvural of
them contained the cylindrical mud cells ot" the same insect. On the
19th and 20th of May six fine specimens of the wasp emerged— all
females. As several cells still remained closed I waited for a week or
two, and then cautiously opened and examined them. They contained
four dead males, all of which seemed to have developed up to the
same point — they had coloured properly, but the wings had never
expanded. As all the cells had been kept together in glass tubes, I
do not know why the fate of the occupants was different, and it cer-
tainly seems curious that all the males should have perished and all
the females emerged. It is odd, also, that I should in two different
winters have found these cells in the same spot aiul under the same
circumstances, while I have never been able to find them elsewhere,
though I must have examined hundreds of pierced bramble-stems in
this neighbourhood in hopes of discovering them. I have only once
found a IcBvipes " in the open," and that was a ^ , visiting the flowers
of Scrophulm-ia in a ditch near Chobham.

G. Athalin spinaruvi, P. — The oft-quoted observations of Newport
have made this one of" the most familiar names among British sawflies.
But whatever may once have been the case, it certainly now does not
seem to occur to any alarming extent in this country. In a good
many collections of sawflies sent to me for determination I have hardly
ever discovered spinaruin, and then only quite old specimens. Tear
after year 1 have looked for it myself in turnip fields and on umbellifers,
but I never found it in England till this autumn, when at last I secured
a few specimens on, 1 believe, Angelica. It is common enough abroad
{e.g., South France and Tirol), but even there I have never seen it
abounding to such an extent as to threaten any considerable damage to
the agriculturists. Perhaps, as Mr. Cameron has suggested, the system
of rotating crops is unfavourable to its excessive increase. It would
be interesting to know whether there is still any part of England
in which it is comuion enough to be really mischievous.

Brunswick, Woking : 1900.

Ceuthorrhynchidius mi.vtus, Mills, and Hey, at Porlock. — I aui glad to be able
to supplement Mr. Claude Morley's records of this species as a British insect. I
took a single specimen of it by evening sweeping on July 4tli, 1900, at Porlock, in
Somersetsliire. It occurred in a damp hollow in the dense wood along the sides of
the upper part of " Horner Water." Unfortunately I did not recognise the species
at the time, or I should certainly have tried for more. Mr. G. C. Champion kindly
identified the specimen for me. — W. H. Bennett, 15, Wellington Place, Hastings:
February 2Zth, 1901.

1901.] 99

The late Mr. Leniwn's coUerlion of British Coleoptera. — It, miiy bo of interest
to put on record that tliis ei)llectioii lias now bocoino public property ; it lias been
acquired, by purchase, by the Museum of Science and Art in Edinburgh. I had
the pleasure of looking through the collection when in Edinburgh on December 27th
last ; it is in good condition, and very ricli in specimens collected in the counties of
the south-west district of Scotland (the Solway District) ; I believe there are over
1200 species in the collection from this district alone.— T. Hudson Bhark, King's
Road, Richmond : January \^th^ 1901.

fiteni gliding on the surface oftoater. — Some of the species of Steni frequenting
the edges of pools, exercise under certain circumstances, a power which they possess
of gliding swiftly over the surface of the water. Though I have watched this
movement attentively for hundreds of ■ times, I have never been able to discover by
what means it was effected. With a view to induce others to investigate the matter
I will point out under what conditions one may expect to secure ai^ exhibition of
this curious movement. Going during spring to any pond, fringed as most ponds
are in spring with the withered herbage of the previous year's growth, one has but
to trample amongst this to see numbers of <SYe»/ struggling on the water. They
soon right themselves and begin to crawl towards shore, very slowly, being unable
to get secure foothold on the water; but among the number a few will usually be
seen to start, rather slowly at first, and then with steadily increasing rapidity to
glide, describing a wide curve which, narrowing towards the end, makes a track
representing a figure of six. Tlie distance traversed varies fi'om two or three feet to
as many yards. Before coming to rest the insect generally revolves on its own axis
several times ; no movement of the legs is perceptible, and the water left behind is
clear and unruffled, like that produced by a light object impelled by a breeze.

On one occasion T took some home and floated them in a basin of water; they
only crawled until some hot water was poured in, then most of them made circles
of a few inches diameter, spun round, and died, but their movements were obscured
by the vapour. — A. Piffard, Felden, Boxmoor, Herts: March 9th, 1901.

Lophopleryx carmelita, Esp., in the New Forest. — Since I do not remember
having seen any notice of the occurrence of the rare Lophopteryx rarmelita in
Hampshire, I should like to put on record the fact, in the hope that it may be
" better late than never," that a specimen in perfect condition was taken at rest on
a birch trunk, near Brockenhurst, by Mr. Charles Gulliver in April, 1891, and was
added to my collection shortly afterwards. The individual, which is a female, ex-
pands 45 mm., and is larger than any of the others in my series, all of which have
been bred from ova laid by moths reared in confinement. When so reared, genera-
tion after generation, without the introduction of any " fresh blood," the insect
gradually decreases in size, and would, in a few years' time, doubtless lose altogether
the power of perpetuating its race. — Eustace R. Bankes, Nordcn, Corfe Castle :
February 27th, 1901.

Dark aberration of Kuplthecia nanata, at Shirley, Surrey. — Am.ong some
Lepidoptera lately received for identification from Mr. A. H. Shepherd, I was much
interested to find a strikingly dark aberration of Enpithecia nanata, taken by liitu

K 2

100 [AjTil,

on Sliirlpy ITcatli, near Croydon, on May 5th, 1900. The specimen, which is a
male, lias both fore- and hind-wings dark smoke-grey, without any of the usual
white markings, the positions of the more important of these being merely indicated
in a shade of smoke-grey rather paler than the ground colour. The black discoidal
spot on the foi'e-wings is present, and the blackish lines that bound the central fascia
on either side are visible, especially towards the costa. The variety obscurata, Stgr.,
described by Staudinger in Cat. Lep. Eur., p. 195, No. 2773 (1871), as " Obscurior,
alisfere non alho-strigatis," evidently approached this form, but must bo rather less
dark, or he would have omitted the word "fere." Shirley Heath is one of the last
places where one would have expected to meet with so dark a form, and indeed, it
appears to be very scarce there, for although Mr. Shepherd has been taking the
species in that same spot for many years past, he never remembers having seen a
similar specimen. It would be interesting to learn in what other British localities
it has been noticed, and whether in any of them it occurs regularly, or outnumbers
the typical form. E. nanata is abundant on our Dorsetshire and Hampshire heaths,
but I have never seen or heard of the occurrence of such an aberration in either
county.— Id. : March 1th, 1901.

Vanessa Antiopa at WoTcing. — A friend of mine secured a specimen of the
above in this neighbourhood last August ; it was in rather bad condition, but I
thought it might be worth while to record its occurrence. — Edward Safndebs,
St. Ann's, Woking : March 12th, 1901.

Note on the loeight of ^lupte of Acherontia Atropos. — It is perhaps of interest,
for comparison in future years, to put on record the average weights of the pupnc of
A. Atropos which are given below. The greater weight of the October pupae should
be noticed.

Weight in Grammes.
Greatest. Least. Mean.

14 collected in September 11-945 7-706 9*004

7 „ „ October 12-515 8-387 10-340

Mean weight of 21 9-472

— Herbert Fortescite Fryer, The Priory, Chatteris : February 2%rd, 1901.

[The age and sex of the pupre should have been stated, for it is well known
that these greatly influence the weight. On this point see a paper by Prof Meldola
in Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., .ser. 4, vol. xii, 1873. — Eds.].

Native method of catching Cicadcs in Lower Siam. — We take the following
from the " Report on Cambridge Exploring Expedition to Lower Siam, drawn up
by W. W. Skeat," published in the Report of the Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1900,
p. 394 : — " On this journey some strange articles of diet were served up to us,
among them being red ants, toads, bee grubs, and a species of Cicada. The manner
in which the latter are caught is peculiar. Two or three natives gather together at
night round a brightly burning wood fire, one of them holding a lighted torch. The
others clap their hands at regular intervals, and the CicadrB attracted by the noise
and guided by the light fly down and settle upon the people as they stand by the
fire." — Eds.

1901.] 101

An unrecorded recent native example of Muclina isosceles, Miill. fnifescens,
V. d. L.J. — It is no doubt a faot tliat many years ago this fine Dragon-fly was, if
local, not uncommon in East Anglia, cs|)eoially Norfolk. Eeccnt records have been
very few — by recent I mean within the last 20 years or thereabouts, and mainly
from the neighbourhood of Norwich and Ranworth. Last autumn Mr. J. Edwards
gave me a fine J labelled " Norfolk, Thouless," but without date or further locality.
That it is quite recent there can be no doubt, and Mr. Thouless collects largely in
the vicinity of Norwich. My own opinion is that the insect is probably locid, but
not uncommon where it occurs, and only wants looking for : now that more attention
is being paid to these insects it should not long remain a rarity. It is comparatively
early, and search should be commenced not later than the beginning of June (but
it may last a considerable time). It could only be mistaken fcjr M. grandis, but is
smaller, the body brighter red, and the wings want the brownish-olive tinge so con-
spicuous in (jrandis, the latter moreover is later (these apart from structural differ-
ences). I hope the coming summer will not pass without a systematic search being
made for the species, and have little doubt that if such search be made it will be
rewarded with success. I possess five native examples, four of which are recent
(three from Mr. Barrett), the other probably dating from the first half of the last
century, obtained at the sale of the late T. C. Heysham's collection in 186S. — R.
McLachlan, Lewisham, London : March IQth, 1901.

The IjARViE OF thk British Butterflies and Moths : by (the late)
William Buckler, edited by Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S. Vol. ix, Pyrales, Cram-
bites, Tortrices, Pterophori, &c. 8vo, pp. 419, Plates cxlviii— clxiv (concluding the
work). London : Ray Society. 1901.

It is now just about 17 years since the writer of the pi-esent notice was deputed
by the Ray Society to proceed to Emsworth and claim from the representative of
the late Mr. Buckler his original drawings* and notes, and he remembers that it
was with a distinct sense of relief that he deposited his charge the same evening
at the house of his neighbour, the Rev. Prof. Wiltshire, Secretary of the Society.
He did not then anticipate that the undertaking of publishing these figures and
notes would not be completed till the opening months of the next century.
But " all's well that ends well ;" and although there has been vexatious delay (for
which neither the Society nor the editors were to blame), the fact that the work has
run to nine volumes renders it a matter for deep congratulation, amongst those few
who know the difficulties that have been encountered, that it is at last concluded.
Those who know the marvellous delicacy of touch imparted to his drawings by the
late Mr. Buckler, a delicacy in which we venture to think he stood alone in this or
any other country, will say that on the whole the reproductions have been effective,
and more especially in the later vols. Those who have studied his minute descrip-
tions of habits, &c., will allow that in this respect he might justly have been styled
"the modern Reaumur." That the descriptions of larvae are not quite on modern
lines from a scientific point of view is no doubt true : Mr. Buckler was an untutored
student of, and delineator after, Nature, and moreover, in his day most of the

* We hove reason to believe that Mr. Buckler's origln.al drawiiig.s will soon be in the market,
they having served the purpose for which the Ray Society acquired them. — Eds.

102 [April,

points in larval structure now considered of so much importance, had not been
tiiought of. A monumental work has come to an end, and it will be useful lor all
time.

Vol. ix far exceeds in bulk any of its predecessors ; in some i-espects it is perhaps
of more scientific value than any of them. The number of plates is perhaps not
greater, but it so happens it was found that the available text was much in excess
of that for any foruier vol. The number of species described and figured for the
Pyralex, Cramhitei and Plerophori is great, and in many cases the text, especially
that for the water-moths, is full and fascinating, owing to its marvellous detail and
accuracy, and here, almost for the first time, a comparison is drawn with the writings
of the author's great prototype, Reaumur. The extension of the text is also jjartly
due to ]\Ir. Pjrritt having judiciously, during his editorship, introduced descriptions
by other authors when none were extant by Messrs. Buckler and Hellins, or used
them as supplementary when sucli were extant. This vol. is certainly a marvellous
guinea's worth. Mr. Bignell, as usual, lias furnished a list of parasites.

And now a ^g'k statistics as to the work as a whole, taken from the General
Index included in this vol. We take it that of not far short of 900 species are the
larvae figured, the number of figures for each species varying from one to a dozen,
and often with the method of work on the food-plant. For a good number of
species there ai'e figures but no descriptions, and fdr a few, descriptions but no
figures. The nomenclature employed is not always thiit in (oree at the present day,
but this can deceive no one, and can only offend those who think names of more
importance than the insects that bear them.

The Ray Society is to be congratulated on its efforts to finish the work having
been so ably seconded. There is a melancholy side to this happy consummation.
Would that Mr. Stainton had lived to see the end of an undertaking that owed
its existence to his initial suggestion ! — E. McL.

Societies.

Birmingham Entomological Society: Z'eeewie/- 19^A, 1900.— Mr. G. T.
Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. D. Dunn, Oxford Road, Moselcy, and Mr. W. H. Flint, Farm Road,
Linthurst, Sparkbrook, were elected Members.

Mr. R. C. Bradley exhibited Sirex juveiictis taken at Bournemouth in August
last, and S. c/i/jaf: taken at West Runton, Norfolk, also in August. Mr. C. J. Wain-
wright, a number of Aculeate llymenoptera, taken at West Hunton, Norfolk, in July
and August last, including Nyxaa dimidiatus, Astala hoops, Tachytes pectinipes,
Mellinus sahtilosux, Tiph/'a minuta, Andrena Cetii, A.himacuhita, Numada oblusi-
fronx, and many others ; also three $ $ of Odt/nerus firacilis from Ran Dan \^oods,
a species which had not previously occurred near Birmingham. Mr. F. A. Jackson,
a number of Culeajdera, including ChlcBnius veslitii.i, taken at Bewdley on October
19th last. Mr. (1. T. Bethune-Baker, a number of Palaearetic Ephiephile and
I'ararge.

January '2\st, 1901. — The President in the Cliair.

Drs. T n. Wilkins, of Small Heath Disjiensary, and W. Wright, of Mason's
University College, were elected Members.

Mr. R. C. Bradley showed a number of Diplera : a series of Pelevocera tri-

1001.] 103

ciiicta from IJimrneiiioiitli, wlu're lie hail takfii iL I'airlj eonniioiily this yenv near to
the original locaUty in greater numbers than any one had taken it before ; also
Anthrax fenestrala from Bournemoutli ; A. paniscus from West Runton, Norfolk ;
and A.Jlava? from Bournemouth; all three species taken by himself, though he
had never met with a specimen of the genus before; also all three species of
Didea, aineti from Sutton and Wyre Forest, intermedia from Sutton, oMAfasciata
from Sutton, Wyre Forest, and Poole. Mr. Aug. D. Innus, Sinodendron cyUndricnm
from an old oak at Moseley. Mr. C. J. Wainwright, a series of the rare Dipteron,
Stratiomtfs Chameleon fi'om W. Ruuton, Norfolk, taken last July and August. Mr.
Gc. T. Bethune-Baker, a drawer full of Epinephele Janira and its allies. — OolbrAN
J. Wainweight, Hon. Hecretary.

LANCASllUtb; AND CHESHIRE ENTOMOLOGICAL SuCIETY. — TjlE ANNUAL

Meeting was held on Monday, January lith, in ihc new room taken by the
Society at tlie Royal Institution, Colquitt Street, Liver|iool. The Vice-President,
Mr. K. J. BtJRGESS Sopp, occupied the Chair.

The Secretary read a report on the work of the year 1900. The Treasurer read
his report, which showed a credit balance. Mr. Webster proposed, and Mr. Harri-
son seconded, that the report and balance sheet bo printed. Rule 4 was amended
to suit the new conditions. Mr. Pierce mentioned incidentally that the Library
had been brought over to the new premises, and would be lodged in an adjoining
room as soon as space could be found for it.

The election of Officers for 1901 was then proceeded with, and resulted as
follows : — President, S. J. Capper, F.E.S. ; Vice-Presidents, R. Wilding and Rev.
R. Freeman, M.A. ; Secretaries, F. N. Pierce and Fredk. Birch ; Treasurer, Dr. J.
Cotton, F.E.S. ; Librarian, F. C. Thompson ; Council : A. Tippins, B. H. Crabtrec,
F.E.S., R. Tait, E. J. Burgess Sopp, F.E.S., and Dr. H. Dobie.

The outgoing Vice-President, Mr. E. J. Burgess Sopp, then gave a most in-
teresting and instructive address, which will be printed for putting into the report.
The Rev. R. Freeman proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Sopp ; this was
seconded by Mr. Wilding, and carried unanimously. Dr. Cotton proposed, and the
Members agreed, that the Secretary should write to the President expi-essiug their
regret at this his first absence from the Society's Annual Meeting for so many years.

February ll/A, 1901.— Mr. R. Wilding in the Chair.

It was decided by a vote that the nest Meeting should be held at St. Helen's.

The Joint Secretary, Mr. Frederick Birch, then read a paper entitled, " Our
Raid into the Highlands," in which he described what he and his companions,
Messrs. J. and H. Tayler, did and saw at Rannoch (North- West Perthshire) in the
summer of 1900. On June 20th, they entrained for Rannoch. Amongst the rare
species of Coleoptera taken may be mentioned Saperda scalaris, Eros Aurora, and
Trichiua fasciatux. Of Lepidoptera the best were, Dasydia obfuscata and Psodos
trepidaria. Mr. Pierce proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Birch for his paper, which
was carried unanimously. 'J'he Rev. C. J. Buckmaster, of Wigan, gave some in-
teresting reminiscences of the Rannoch district, which extended over a period of
thirty years. The following exhibits were made : — Noctua subrosea, by Mr. Pierce ;
Devonshire and Local Lepidoptera, by Mr. Tonkin ; Scotch Coleoptera and Lepido-
ptera, by Mr. Birch ; Saturnia pavonia^major, taken in the South of France by

104 I April,

Mr. Grardiior; liphestia K'dkuinlla, fou(liiig on rice, by Mr. Holt; and two species
of tlie genus Slllicus new to the local list, by Mr. Wilding. — Fkederick Bikch,
Hon. Juiiit Hecrelary.

Thk South London Entomological and jNatubal History Society :
January lOtk, 1901.— Mr. W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S., President, in tlie Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a specimen of Jlepialus sylvinus, wiiicli he look on the
Downs near Birling Gap, Sussex, September 4tli, while drying its wings on a plant
of vipers bugloss {Echiuin w«^^a'-e), together with the pupa skin which he found pro-
truding from the root of the same plant. Dr. Chapman, a nice series of Argynnis
Thore, an Alpine species, from Pontresina, 6000 feet. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, specimens
of Locusfa vlridisslma from Ventnor, where it was common in 1899. Mr. Mont-
gomery, long bred series of Colias Edusa and var. Helice, with intermediate forms
and contributed notes. Mr. F. Noad Clarke, with the lantern, a large number of
Photomicrographs of Lepidopterous ova, and contributed notes. The wliole of the
photographs were skilfully produced, and were all to one scale of size.

January \Oth, 1901. — Annual General Meeting. — The President in the
Chair.

The Report of the Council, showing the work of the Society during the year,
was read, and the Balance Sheet was adopted.

The following list of OfScers and Council were declared elected for the ensuing
year :— President, H. S. Fremlin, M.R.C.S., F.E.S. ; Yice-Presidenls, F. Noad Clark
and W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S. ; Treasurer, T. W. Hall, F.E.S. ; Librarian, H. S.
Sauze ; Curator, W. West (Greenwich) ; Hon. Secretaries, Stanley Edwards, F.L.S.,
F.E.S., and Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S. ; Council : R. Adkin, F.E.S., W. J. Ashdown, T.
A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., A. Harrison, F.L.S., F.E.S., A. M. Montgomery, E.
Step, F.L.S., and J. W. Tutt, F.E.S.

The President read his Address, and votes of thanks to the retiring Officers
and Council were passed.

A proposal was made lo close the rooms during tJie summer holiday season, but
it was not passed by the Meeting.

February l-ith, 19U1.— Mr. H. S. Fkemlin, M.R.C.S., F.E.S., President, in
the Chair.

Mr. Garrett, of Brewer's Green, was elected a Member.

Mr. Colthrup exhibited a drawing of a dashed and radiated under-side var. of
Polyoinmatus Icarus, taken by Mr. Hill, of Folkestone. Mr. Wyandotte, a large
number of specimens of amber, having insects embedded in them. Mr. West
(Strealham), read a paper, " Fossil Insects : with special reference to insects in
amber;" he afterwards showed a very large number of photographic lantern slides
of insects in amber. - -Ht. J. Turner, Hon. ISecretary.

Entomological Society- of London : February Qlh, 1901. — The Rev. Canon
Fowler, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

The President moved that an address of condolence and congratulation be pre-
sented by the Society to His Majesty King Edward VII on liis accession to the
throne, and remarked that in 1S33, when the Society was founded, the late Queen
with her motiier, the Duchess of Kent, was the first to sign the book subscribed by
Members and Fellows upon admission to the Society. The motion was seconded by
Col. Swinhoe, and carried unanimously.

loui.] 105

Mr. B. G. JTevinson, of 3, Tedworth Square, Chelsea, was elected a Fellow of
the Society.

The President announced that he had appointed as Vice-Presidents, Mr. C. G.
Barrett, Mr. E. Saunders, and Mr. G. H. Verrall.

The President exhibited a specimen of Colias Edusa, var. Helice, with the
margins of the wings entirely dark, as in the male ; also a variety of Carterocephalus
Palemon, with the hind-wings dark, save for one conspicuous orange spot. Dr. T. A.
Chapman, a large series of Endrosce collected during the last few years by himself,
Mr. A. H. Jones, and especially by Mr. Tutt ; E. roscida, which is a very distinct
dwarf form, and from frequenting marshy flats, must live on lichens gi'owing in such
localities, and not on stones as the others do ; E. irrorella, whicli should be the
rarest species of the Alps, judging by the comparatively few specimens met with ;
E. aurita, in very great variety, including a good many, specimens that are called
Kuhlweini, var. alpestris, none, however, reaching the type of Kuhlioeini, but suffi-
cient to show with something like certainty that Kuhlweini is simply an extreme
form of aurita : E. aurita and E. irrorella are very near together, no point in their
anatomy being absolutely distinctive, while the genitalia are practically identical ;
E. irrorella always looks much slighter, being lighter scaled, and the hairs short
and smootli. It always has a yellow patch on the mesothorax. The venation is also
distinctive, yet individuals of each species approach each other completely in each
of the distinctive items of the venation, but never in all of them, so far as examina-
tion of a number of specimens goes. Except irrorella from England, Finmark, and
the Tyrol, and a few aurita from the Tyrol, all were from the Western Alps of
Switzerland, Italy, and France. Examples from each locality when sufficiently
numerous usually have a special facies. Some, as all those from Arolla, radiate ;
those from Bourg St. Maurice are without radiate forms, and so on. Some are more
yellow ; others deeper orange ; some more mixed. Elevation tends to produce
radiation, but no other general conclusion as to the effect of height, latitude, or
longitude, seems fully justified by the specimens. Mr. C. G. Barrett, for Mr. G. O.
Day, of Knutsford, a black variety of Aplecta nebulosa, Tr., with white cilia,
and an asymmetrical $ var. of Fidonia atoniaria, Linn. Mr. M. Jacoby, an
unknown species of HalticidcB. Mrs. Nicholl, a collection of Rhopalocera from the
Lebanon district of Syria ; and Mr. H. J. Elwes, on her behalf, read a paper ex-
plaining and illustrating the several species included. Among other species, Mr.
Elwes drew especial attention to Thecla niyrtale, which, since it was described by
Klug in 1832, has remained one of the least known members of the palsearctic fauna.
No examples it appears had been taken in the interval until Mrs. Nicholl found it
on the high mountains not uncommon in May and June. Y. Asterope was also
taken commonly on the coast, the species being tlie sole representative of its family
between Syria and Manchuria. The NymphalidcB also showed a great range of
variation. Sir John Llewelyn made some remarks on the character of the country
through which Mrs. Nicholl had travelled. The following papers were communi-
cated : — " A revision of the genus Axtathes, Newm., and allied genera of Longicorn
Coleoptera," by C. J. Gahan, M.A. ; and "A Preliminary Catalogue of the Lepido-
jitera-Heterocera of Trinidad," by W. J. Kaye. — H. Rowland Beown, M.A., and
H. Goss, F.L.S., Hon. Secretaries.

106 [April,

THE GENUS HETEROMYZA, Fallen {HELOMYZID.E).
BY J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

Among some insects recently sent to me by Mr. J. W. Terbury
was a specimen taken by Mr. Grimshaw, of the Edinburjjb Museum,
at Spring AVood, Bradford, Yorkshire, on August 5th 1893, and
labelled by him TheJida ocidata, Fin. ; this upon examination proved
to be the true Heteromyza (Thelida) oculata of Fallen and Zetter-
stedt, and induced me to study the other species of the genus. The
result of my investigations will be found in the following pages.

The genus Heteromyza was established by Fallen in 1820, for the
reception of two species, R. oculata and H. buccata ; Meigen, Mac-
quart, Zetterstedt, and Desvoidy, all added to the number of species,
Desvoidy re-describing the genus under the name Thelida, but it was
very far from being a natural genus until Loew, in 1859, dealt with
it in his paper on the European Helomyzidce ; he retained Fallen's
S. oculata as the type, because it was, from the family and generic
descriptions, evidently the species Fallen had in his mind when he
established the genus ; the other described species that Loew con-
sidered congeneric with H. oculata were H. atricornis of Meigen,
H. cinerella of Macquart, and H. scntellata of Macquart, but he
considered Macquart's two species as only varieties ; he had not
noticed the fact of Antliomijza rotundicurnis, Zetterstedt, belonging
to the genus, and did not refer to Desvoidy's genus and species at all.
Schiner and Eondani, of subsequent writers, were both apparently
ignorant of Loew's work, and used Desvoidy's name TlicUda for the
present genus, while they retained the name Heteromyza for the
species upon which Loew had established the genus Tephrochlamys.
Macquart was the first to point out that Thelida of Desvoidy was a
synonym of Heteromyza, Fin., and it is an absolute synonym of
Heteromyza as at ])resent restricted.

The only addition I make to Loew's definition of the genus is to
bring in characters that will include his Tephrochlamys maynicornis
(the female of H. oculata, Fin.) ; Loew himself considered it possible
that his T. marpiicornis might prove to be only the female of H. ocu-
lata, a species which he knew only from descriptions. The genus, as
I recognise it, may be known by the following characters, those given
in italics being sufficient to separate it from all the other genera of
the Helomyzidce.

1901.] 107

Humeral aud prothoracic bristles present ; usually five pairs* of
outer dorso-central bristles on the thorax, one pair being in front of
the suture (in oculata only three pairs are strongly developed).
Eyes larger than usual. Third antenna! joint large and rounded, disc-
shaped, vrith a moderately long, microscopically pubescent, arista.
Legs long and slender, with only the front femora at all bristly ;
prse-apical bristles very

small. Wings (fig. 1) ^„^ ^''^"~^!~~^^^^^^^-Ti.__~rTTr^^^

large and long, the spines /^ ^____------^^^^P^

on the costa present, but nT^ ^ \^^-'^^/^vf^ '■

very minute; stigma elong- ■•-.. \ ^^..^^'-"'''^ / ■ lm'<''"

ated. the first longitudinal "-^^ / ,^^

(subcostal) vein being Ym.\.-H.rot^^^^rns^Z

continued beyond that point of the costa opposite the middle (discal)
cross vein.

Additional characters in the male only. 'Eijes much larger than
in allied genera, and more approximated on the frons, both of which
characters are sometimes remarkably developed ; jowls very small, and
sometimes the face exceedingly narrow. Abdomen long, very narrow,
and very bristly, with inconsjiicuous genitalia.

The complete chaetotaxy of the genus is as follows : —

Head. — Two pairs of strong vertical bristles situated immediately behind the
top corners of the ejes, the inner pair convergent, the outer divergent.

One pair of postverlical bristles rather small and convei'gent, situated just
behind the ocellar triangle.

One pair of ocellar bristles on the ocellar triangle, which point forwards and
slightly diverge.

Two pairs oi fronto-orlital bristles which point backwards and slightly out-
wards, tlie lower pair being the weaker (in II. oculata, S , these bristles are absent
because the frons is so very narrow).

One pair of vibrissce and a row of small bristles after each vibrissa along the
sides of the mouth opening.

One genal bristle on the jowls below the eyes conspicuous among the other
minor bristles present.

Thorax. — One humeral bristle.

Two posthumeral bristles {notopleural of Girschner and Becker)t situated in a
line with the humeral immediately above the dorso-pleural suture and in the post-
humeral depression.

One prcBsutural bristle situated immediately in front of the thoracic suture and
almost in a horizontal line with the front posthumeral bristle.

* Loew, in his description of the genus, certainly gave it as possessing only four pairs of
outer dorso-central bristles ; I think Loew must have overlooked the fifth pair, which are some-
times rather small, but I do not put much trust in this as a generic character, and should not
be at all surprised to find a Heteromyza possessing only four bristles of the outer dorsal row.

t In his paper on 6catomu:id« Becker uses the terra potthumeral.

L 2

108 [April, 1901.

One supra-alar bristle situated immediately over the root of the wing and on
the edge of the sutural depression.

Two pontalar bristles on the postalar callus.

Usually five pairs of outer dorso-central bristles, one pair being in front of the
thoracic suture, thougli in H. oculata there are only three pairs strongly developed.

Of the inner dorso-central bristles only a prsescutellar, and sometimes one
other, pair are present.

Four scutellar bristles (two pairs).

Pleuha. — One strong prothoracic bristle over tlie front coxae.

One strong sternopleural bristle at the hind top corner of the sternopleursi.

The nearest allies of Ueteromyza are BIej)liaroptera on the one
hand, and Tepliroclilamys on the other, from either of which it can be
easily distinguished by the characters given in italics in my definition
of the genus. Blepharoptera has decided spines on the costa, and
only four pairs of dorso-central bristles on the thorax, while Te-
phroclilomys, though having an almost bare costa. has only three pairs
of dorso-central bristles ; and in both genera the stigma is not
elongated, the first longitudinal (subcostal) vein not being continued
beyond that point of the costa o])posite the middle (discal) cross
vein, but ending in the costa at, or before, that point. Its chtetotaxy
will distinguish it from any Anthonn/idous genus which it may super-
ficially resemble.

The genus was first introduced into our British List by, I believe,
Curtis in his Guide, but it is very doubtful if the species there re-
corded were correctly identified.

The three species may be tabulated as follow^s : —

1 (4) Five pairs of outer dorso-central bristles on the thorax. Antennae entirely

black. Fronto-orbital bristles present in both sexes.

2 (3) Male. — Frons with a greyish-white vertex and side lines, and much wider

than in the ner.: species ; face very narrow, much narrower than the frons.
Female. — Face distinctly narrower than the frons 1. atricornis, Mg.

3 (2) Male. — Frons all dull red and rather narrow, being about three times as wide

at the vertex as the posterior ocelli are apart, but slightly less above the
antennae ; face wider than the frons. Wings darkened. Female. — Face
not narrower than the frons 2. rotundicornis, Ztt.

4 (1) Only three pairs of outer dorso-central bristles strongly developed on the

thorax. Antennae more or less reddish-brown ; eyes of the male very
nnich approximated at the vertex, and in that sex the frons is much wider
just above the antennae than at the vertex and without fronto-orbital
bristles 3. oculata. Fin.

1. — H. ATRicoKNis, Meigen.
S . Eyes lai'ger, frons wider, and face narrower than in either of the other

May, 1901.] 109

species of the genus ; the frons at the vertex is about

four times as wide as tlie posterior ocelli are apart, and

is almost the same width opposite the lower fronto-

orbital bristles, after which it rapidly narrows until

just above the antenna it is not half as wide ; the

face is still narrower, and the jowls very small. The

frons is reddish-yellow about its centre, but the ocellar

triangle and side stripes are greyish-white ; the face

and jowls are whitish-grey, but the back of the head

is a darker grey, more the colour of the pleurae ; the

antennae are missing in the specimen from which I am Fig. -2.—//. atricornis, <5.

describing. The head in profile is very deep but flat.

Thorax slaty-grey, with faint dark stripes ; the pleurae, metanotum, and scu-
toUum arc all light slaty-grey. ' Length, 7 mm.

This description and figure are made from a male in Bigot's col-
lection,labelled in Macquart's handwriting Heteromijzaatricornls,Mg.;
a female with a similar label is a Tephroclilamys, probably ruJiDentris.

Two males taken by Mr. Verrall, one at Chippenham Fen near
here on September 29th, and the other in his own garden on December
2Sth, 1894, differ considerably from the above described specimen, and
may prove to be a distinct species. They are smaller (5 mm.), the face
is still narrower, and the jowls still smaller, antennae entirely black ;
the front facets of the eyes are decidedly dilated, a character that I do
not notice in the Macquartian specimen ; the stripes on the thorax
are fairly evident ; the stigma is longer, and the middle cross vein is
not opposite the middle of the stigma, but rather nearer the base.

9 . Very closely resembling the female of rotundicornis, but I believe that it
may always be recognised by its face being distinctly narrower than the frons, and
by the vibrissse being closer together. The head in profile is deeper and flatter, while
the eyes are larger (t. e., deeper). It varies a good deal in size (4^ mm.— 6 mm.).

I have seen four females taken in Scotland during July and
August, 1900, one by Mr. F. Jenkinson at Forres in Elgin, and three
by Col. Terbury at Qolspie in Sutherland, while T have studied two
females in Kowarz's collection from Marienbad, and five in Bigot's
collection, including his three original II. Delarouzei.

H. atricornis was introduced as British by Curtis in his Gruide,
which record Brunetti and Verrall in 1890 tried to confirm, but
Brunetti probably, and Verrall certainly, from specimens of the next
species. Its larvse it would appear from the synonymy occur in the
excrement of bats.

Desvoidy, in 1811, described a Thelida vespertiliovea taken in the
" Gx'otto d'Arcy-sur-Eure," which I believe to be identical with the

M

110 [May,

present s[)ecies ; Bigot's II. Dehirouzci. described in iSoS from three
specimens also taken in a cave (Grotte de la moiitagnc Noire, Depart-
ment du Tarn) is as he himself acknowledged in 18SG identical with
Meigen's atricornis. 8chiner's description of Thelida occuhtta must
refer to the present species, while his H. atricornis is probably a true
Tepliroclilamys^ as Girschner has already pointed out. Rondani's
Thelida diversa (1867) is almost certainly another synonym.

2. — H. ROTUNDicoRNis, Zettorstodt.

t? . Frons at the vertex only about three times
as wide as the posterior ocelli are apart, and about one-
thirl narrower just above the antennre ; the face is not
narrower than the frons, and gradually widens out until
at the lower corners of the eyes it is about one-half the
width of the head ; frons all dull red, but with the
ocellar triangle brownish-black, there are two pairs of
fronto-orbital bristles, the front pair situated about half
way down the frons ; the face is yellowish, but whitish-
grey bri ween the antennae, in the antennal grooves, and
on the jowls ; the back of the head is more the colour *"■«■ '^■-"- rotun.Uconiis, <J.
of llie pleurae.

Thorax and scutellum dark brown, as the usual four dark stripes on the thorax
are very broad, and occupy almost the entire disc, only leaving a narrow central
line and two other very indistinct side lines just outside the dorsal rows of bristles,
of a lighter colour ; the pleur.ie and metanotum are slaty-grey, but that part of the
pleura round the root of tlie wing, including the top of the stornoplcura, is tinged
with brown. There are five pairs of the outer dorsal rows of bristles strongly de-
veloped, one pair being in front of the thoracic suture.

Legs all pale except the front femora, which are obscured about the middle,
and all the tarsi which are darkened about their tips ; the prteapical bristles on the
tibia3 are very small, and the apical spur of the middle tibia is very little longer
than the tibia is wide, while that of the hind tibia is hardly visible.

? . Very different to the male, because of its wide frons, jiointed and not
narrow or particularly bristly abdomen, and its general lighter colour, but very like
the female of atricornis. The frons is quite one-third the width of the head, and
is reddish about the centre and front, but the ocellar triangle and side lines are grey;
the face is the same width as tlio frons, not \\a,rvo-wev ViS \r\ atricornis ; antenna?
large and black.

Thorax much lighter gi-ey than in the male, but a dai-ker grey than the plcurte
and with four faint dark stripes.

H. rotmidicornis is apparently the commonest British species of
the genus ; I have seen numerous males from Lairg, Inveran, and
Bannoch, in Scotland (June, July), from Slapton in S. Devon (Sep-
tember), Barmouth in Wales (June), Warrengore in Sussex (April),
Glanvilles Wootton in Dorsetshire (February), according to a speci-

1901.]

Ill

men given to Mr. Vcrrall by the late J. C. Dale ; while among the
insects as yet unincorporated in the collection at the British Museum
I found several specimens taken in Devonshire by Col. Yerbury, during
the month of April, including a pair taken " in coitu " at Bovisand.

Zetterstedt's description of this species is perfectly recognisable,
though he described it as a doubtful Anthomijza, which Meade, in
1883, installed in our British List as a Pegomi/ia ; Yerrall, in the
Entomologist for 1890, page 151, being the first to point out the true
position of Zetterstedt's species, though he wmngly considered it
identical with H. atricornis, Mg. Desvoidy's Thelida filiformis and
Macquart's H. cinereUa may be synonyms of this species, and either
of their names would have priority over Zetterstedt's, but the identi-
fication of their insects from the shortness of their descriptions must
be pure guess work, consequently I do not feel inclined to accept
either of their names. Haliday's description of ?I. oculata in 1833
obviously refers to the present species, and the species Meade de-
scribed in this Magazine for 1899 under the same name is also pro-
bably H. roiundicornis, at least the specimen ho mentions as having
received from Mr. Verrall would be, while he apparently considered
there was only one species in the genus.

3. — H. OCULATA, Fallen.

(? . Tn general appearance very like the last species. Eyes not so large
(though larger than in the species of allied geneva),
leaving the jowls larger than in either the last two
species. Frons much narrower, being just in front of
the ocellar triangle only about as wide as the pos-
terior ocelli are apart, but widening out until just above
the antennse it is four times as wide ; there are no
fronto-orbital bristles ; the face is proportionately
wider than in the last species, and the vibrissse are
placed wider apart ; in profile the head is rather wider

and more semicircular; the antennae are not so black p,^. 4,_// oculata <J.

being brownish-black, with the first two joints and the base of the third joint
obscurely reddish.

The dark lines on the thorax are not so broad ; the scutellum is distinctly
paler than the thorax, especially towards its tip where it is yellowish-grey ; pleurte
and metanotum light grey. There are only three pairs of the outer dorso-central
bristles strongly developed all behind the suture. Abdomen, wings, and legs as in
the last species, but the middle tibiae bear a longer apical spur while there is an
evident, though short, spur to the hind tibiae.

$ . A very different looking insect from the male, being more like a large
Tephrochlnmtis rtifiventris. The frons is not so wide as in the female of T. riifi-
ventris, while the eyes and antennae are larger, the latter especially so ; the back of

M 2

112 l^ay.

the lu'ad behind the eyes is not so pult'od out, and the front margin of the fi'ons is
more eoncavc, leaving the inter-antennal prominence more conspicuous from above.
It may be known at once from the female of the other two species by its having
only three pairs of outer dorso-central bristles, by its wider face, and by the colour
of its antennte, which are even paler than in the male.

T bave onl}'^ seen four British specimens of this species : two
males, one taken bv Mr. Percy Grimshaw at Spring Wood, Bradford,
Yorkshire, the other by Dr. J. H. Wood, at Stoke Wood, near Tar-
rington, Herefordshire ; and two females, one taken in June by Mr.
Verrall at Rannoch in Scotland, the other in July by Col. Terbury,
also at Rannoch ; Dr. Meade has recorded TephrocJilamys magnicornis
from Bradford in Yorkshire, and "from Pitlochry in Perthshire {vide
Ent. Mo. Mag., 1S99, p. 101). Of continental specimens I have seen
two females, both apparently from Prof. Mik, at least they bear a
label with his name, one in Kowarz's collection labelled. Hammern,
13.9.72, the other in Bigot's collection, labelled Austr. sup., — .9.72.

Holiday's ociilata of 1833 was the previous species, while Thelida
occul'ta, Schin., =r //. atricornis, Mg. The female has been known
since 1S59 as Tcpliroclilamys magnicornis, Lw.

The following is an attempt at a synonymical List of Ihe Euro-
pean species : —

Heteuomyza, Fin., Lw.

Fin., D. Suec. Ileterom., (1820), 1; Mg., Syst. Bcschr., vi (18.30^, .15, T. 57,
f. 19-21 ; Mi-ci; S. ;\ U. Dipt., ii (1835), 415, T. 18,. f. 17 ; Zil., Dipt. Scind., vi
(18^7), 2461 ; Lw., Zeitschr. Ent. Ver. Bresl., xiii (1859), 9 and 70.
Thelida, Desv., Ess. sur Myod. (18:50), 655 ; Schin., F. Austr. D., ii (1861), 34;
End., Att. Soe. Sc. Nat. ivlil., x (1867), 129.
ATRICORNIS, l\lf}., Syst. Beschr., vi (1830), 46, T. 57, f. 21, ? ; Mcq., S. -i B.
Di|)t. ii (1835), 415, S ? ; Lw., Zeitschr. Ent. Yer. Bresl., xiii (1859),
71; GtVsc/*., Ent. Nachr., xiii (1887), 132; «roi^ Wien. Ent. Zeit., xii
(1893), 121.
vespertilionea, Desv., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1), x (1841), 262 (Thelida).
Delaroiizei, Biff., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3), vi (1858), eel, ? (t. /?/>., Bull.

Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), vi (1886), Ixxvi).
occulata, Schin., F. Austr. D., ii (1864), 35, S ? {Thelida).
diversa. End., Att. Soe. Sc. Nat. Mil., x (1867), 129, <? (Thelida).
ROTUNDiCORNis, Ztt., Dipt. Seand., v (1846), 1772, S (Anthomyza) ; Meade,
Ent. Mo. Mag., xx (1883), 13 (Pegomyia).
?finformis, Desv., Ess. sur Myod. (1830), 656 (Thelida).
ocidata, Hal., Ent. Mug., i (1833), 168, <? $ ; Meade, Ent. Mo. Mag.

XXXV (1899), 101.
? cinerella, Mcq., S. a, H. Dipt., ii (1835), 415, <? ? .
atricornis, Verr., Entom. (1890), 151.

1901] 113

octJLATA, Fin. , J). Suec. Heterom. (1820), 2, c? ? ; il/?., Sjst. Beschr., vi (1830),

•46 ; 3Jcq., S. a 13. Dipt., ii (1835), 415 ; ZU., Dipt. Scaiul., vi (1817).

2463, <J .
scutellata, Mcq., S. a B. Dipt., ii (1835), 415, ?; M(/.,SysL Buschr., vii

(1838), 367.
iiia</niconus, Ltv., Zeitschr. Eut. Ver. Brcsl., xiii (1S5'J), 73, ? {Tep/iro-

chlamys) .

Sussex Lodge, Newmarket :
January, 1901.

TLPULIDM IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND.
BY KOBEET . HENDERSON.

ISiiice the appearance in the pages ot" this Magazine of Mr.
Verrall's annotated list of Tipulidcs, little information concerning the
distribution of the group has been made public. Many of the species
were at that time known only from localities in England or from old
collections, and as not a few of the species which occur in this district
are still unrecorded from Scotland, an addition to the records may be
acceptable to those interested in the group.

All the species here noted have been taken during the past four
years, and are extracted from a list, just completed, which I have
drawn up for the "Handbook on the Fauna and Flora of Clyde," now
being printed by the local sub-coinmittee of the British Association.
The list comprises 133 species, and includes four which, so far as I
have been able to ascertain, have not been recorded as British, viz.,
Goniomijia connexa, Lw. ; Pachyrrhina hmulicornis, Schum. ; Tipula
Wimiertzii, Egg., and T. montium, Egg. The localities and other
particulars given in the list are, of course, too long to be inserted
here, and in the following extract I merely indicate the distribution
of the species. The nomenclature is that of Mr. Verrall's " List of
British Diptera'' (188S).

Dixa maculata, Lw. ; D. nebulosa, Lw., frequent.

Ptychoptera contaminata, L. ; P. paludosa, Mg. ; P. scutellaris, iMg., I'are ;
P. laciistris, Mg. ; P. albimana, F., frequent.

Limnobia quadrinotata, Mg. ; L. Jtavijies, F. ; L. fripunctata, F., rare ; L.
bifasciata, Schum. ; L. trivittata, Schum. ; L. macrosilffina, Sclium., frequent ;
L. mtheculosa, Mg.. very common.

Dlcranomyia aquosa,Yev. ; D. pilipennis, Egg. ; D. sp. 1 (an ochreous species) ;
D. sp. ? (probably a variety of D. sericata, Mg.) ; Z). stigmatica, Mg. ; D. didyma,
Mg. ; JJ. niorio, F. ; D. ornatn, Mg., all more or less rare ; D. dumetorum, Mg.,
frequent ; D. modesta, Mg. ; D. chorea, Mg. (an extremely variable species),

114 [May,

Rhipidia maculata, Mg., abundant.

Geranomyia unicolor, llal., one specimen at Holy Loch, Argyllshire, on July
lltli, 1897. I think this has hitlicrto been recorded only from Soutli of England
and from Ireland.

Rhamphidia longirostris, Mg., not uncommon in three localities near Glasgow.

Orlmargo virgo, Zett., rare.

Antocha opalizans, O.S., frequent, very common at Cambuslang on June 16th
last.

Empeda Jiava, Schuni., rare; E. nubila, Schum., connnon.

Goniomyia coniiexa, Lw., one male Jul^' 8th, 1899, at Murroch Glen, Dumbar-
tonshire; Q. tenella, Mg. ; G-. sp. ? (a dark species), frequent.

Ch'dotrichia imhuta, Mg., rare.

Acyphona maculata, Mg., frequent.

MolopMliis appendiculatus, Stiig. ; M. propiiiquus, Egg. ; 31. biji/atus, Ver.,
common ; M. ohscurus, Mg. ; M. murinus, Mg., rare.

RhgphoJophus lineatus, Mg. ; R. varius, Mg., frequent ; R. nodulonus^Mcq^. ;
R. hcemorrhoidalis, Zett., common ; R. pentagonal is ; R. similis, Stiig., rare.

Erioptera Jlavescens, Mg. ; E. ftiscipennis, Mg. ; E. trivialis, Mg., frequent ;
E. tanionota, Mg., common.

Symplecta punctipennis, Mg., rare ; <!b\ stict/'ca, Mg., frequent.

Lipsothrix errans, Wlk., rare.

Idioptera fasciata, L. ; I. trimaculata, Zett., rai'e ; /. pulchella, Mg., common
where it occurs, but one requires a considerable amount of practice to detect the
aptei'ous females.

Ephelia apicata, Lw., rare ; E. submarmorata, Ver. ; E. marmorata, Mg.,
frequent.

Dactylolabis Frauenfeldi, Egg., rare.

Poecilostola punctata, Schrk., frequent.

Lininophila Meigenii, Ver. ; L. femiijlnea, Mg. ; L. discicollis, Mg. ; L.
senilis, Hal., frequent ; L. dispar, Mg. ; L. lineola, Mg. ; L. aperta, Ver. ; L.
bicolor, Mg. ; L. punctum, Mg. ; L. lucorum, Mg. ; L. Jilata, Wlk., more or less
rare ; L. Uneolella, Ver. ; L. ochracea, Mg. ; L. nemoralis, Mg., common.

Trichocera annulata, Mg. ; T. hienialis, D.G. ; T. regelationis, L., common ;
T. fuscata, Mg., frequent.

Anisomera vittata, Mg., rare.

Peronecera fuscipennis, Curt., rare.

Ula pilosa, Schum., frequent.

Dicranota parvida, Hal. ; D. bimaculata, Schum., rare.

Amalopis immaculata, Mg., common ; A. unicolor, Schum. ; A. claripennis,
Ver., rare (I submitted this as A. geniculata to Mr. Vei-rall, who says it stands in
his collection as the probable A. straminea of Walker) ; A. straminea, Mg. ; A.
littoralis, Mg., very local.

Pedicia rivosa, L., frequent.

Cylindrotoma distinctissima, Mg., rare.

Liogma glabraia, Mg., rare.

Phalacrocera replicata, L., rare.

Dolichopeza sylvicola, Curt., frequent.

X901.] 115

Nephrotoma dorsal is, F., rare.

Pachyrrldna imperialis, Mg. ; P. histrio, F. ; P. maculum, IVTg., frequent ;
P. scurra, Mg. ; P. sp. ? (rescMiiblcs P. analis, Scliuin., but witli black markings on
pleurae) ; P. guestfalica, Westh. ; P. quadrifaria, Mg. ; P. annuliconiis, Mg., rare ;
/'. lunilk-ornis, Schum., both sexes, about a dozen examples from two localities. I
submitted specimens to Mr. Verrall, who thinks my identification is correct.

Tipiila pagana, Mg. ; T. ohsolela, Mg. ; T. cori/usa, V. d. W. ; T. vittata, Mg. ;
T. gigantea, Schrk., frequent. T. signata, Stag. ; T. marmorata, Mg. ; T. rufina,
Mg. ; T. nubeculosa, Mg. ; T. plumhea, F. ; T. pruinosa, W. ; T. luteipennis, Mg. ;
T. flavolineata, Mg. ; T. lunata, L. ; T. Diana, Mg. ; T. venialis, Mg. ; T. fasci-
peimis, Mg. ; T. peliostigmaj Scimm. ; T. ochracea, Mg., more or less rare ; T-
longicornis, Schum. ; T. varipennis, Mg. ; T. scripta, Mg. ; T. lutescens, F. ; T.
o/eracea, h. ; T. paludosa, Mg., common. Of the two last named it may not be
without interest to remark that T. paludosa is by far the commoner and more widely
distributed species in this district. It is very abundant almost everywhere, while
T. oleracea is never numerous in any locality. T. oleracea has been taken from
May till July, and rarely in September, and 2\ paludosa from July till September,
but occasionally in the latter part of June. T. Winnertzii, Egg., two males at
Strone, Argyllshire, July 3rd, 1900. Mr. E. E. Austen was good enough to name
this, but says he is not quite satisfied about it. T. montium. Egg., a common and
widely distributed species, occurring from end of May till end of August, con-
firmed by Mr. Austen.

12, Armadale Street, Glasgow :
March, 1901.

a ADEN A LATERITIA, Hufn.,
A NOCTUA NEW TO BRITAIN, TAKEN IN SOUTH WALES.

BY C. a. BARRETT, T.-P.E.S.

Among some moths from South Wales recently sent up for
examination by Mr. H. W. Vivian, F.E..S., I was surprised and
interested to find a specimen of Hadenn {Xylophasia) lateritia, Hufn.,
in tolerably fine condition. This specimen was not, as it appears,
actually captured by Mr. Vivian, but by Mr. W. E. K. Allen, of
Llandaff, who informs me that he took it at Porthkerry, on the coast
of Glamorganshire about the year 1887, and that failing to identify
it he gave it to Mr. Vivian. Probably leas trouble was taken about
it because this species bears a striking resemblance in size and form,
and in some degree in colour and markings, to Aplecta advena. It is
not, however, of so glossy a texture nor so smooth-looking as that
species, the tint of its fore-wings is more of a red-brown or liver-
colour ; the stigmata, which in A. adoena are very large and delicately
outlined, are in this species only represented by the reniform, or rather
by its blackish outer edge and a yellowish cloud within ; the second

116 [>tay.

line is visible as a series of dull black dots upon uervures ; on the
eosta are several pale yellow dots. Hind-wings suinky whitisb-brown,
abdomen very pale reddish-drab with a large fulvous anal tuft. This
species was included by Mr. H. Doubleday in his list of reputed
British species, but I am unable to find any actual record of its
previous occurrence. It is not, however, an unlikely species to occur
with us, since its range, as given by Staudinger, includes Central
Europe and the greater portion of Northern Europe — almost accu-
rately, in fact, the range accorded to Xylina furcifera, Huf n. {covformis,
Eab.), which with us is also confined apparently to South Wales.

Among the specimens from South Wales referred to above are several interest-
ing species : —

Deiopeia pulchella, L., one specimen, in wliich tlie rows of black dots being
well marked, the pink markings are almost obsolete ; taken also at Porthkerry,
Glamorganshire, by Mr. W. E. R. Allen. Dianthecia luteaqo, var. Barreltii, Dbld.,
a very dark, strongly marked specimen, taken on one of the small islands off tlie
Soutli Wales coast by Mr. Vivian. Euplthecia sati/rata, Hiib., a form apparently
intermediate between the type and the var. callitnaria, but smaller than either, and
having the markings very faint; taken in Grlamorganshire by Mr. Vivian. H.
larlciata,Frr.,a, specimen of not more than one half the normal size. E. exiguata,
Hiib., a specimen in which the ordinary markings are obliterated from the dorsal
half of the fore-wings, giving the insect a totally dii?erent aspect. Botli of tliese
also obtained by Mr. Vivian in South Wales. E. virgaureata, Dbld., this is a very
interesting form, either wholly smoky black, with the exception of the black discal
spot and faint traces of the whitish subtcrminal line, or else tending in that direc-
tion— a fine example of the melauic tendency now noticeable in so many Geometridce,
and especially of late in some species of the present genus. These dark forms were
reared by Mr. Vivian from larvae coUecletl in Glamorganshire.

Tremont, Peckham Rye, S.E. :
April 9th, 1901.

NOCTUA CASTANEA, Esp., vae. XANTRE, n. vak.
BY F. C. AVOODFORDE, B.A., F.E.S.

The object of this paper is to call more general attention to a
very striking and exceedingly local form of Noctua castanea, which I
believe only occurs in North .Staffordshire.

In this form the colour of the primaries, instead of the usual red (as in N.
castanea type) or grey (as in var. neglecta, Hb.), is a rich yellow, approaching more
closely to that of mustard than anything else I can think of, but also somewhat
similar to that of Ihe $ Euthemonia russula. The colour is darker towards the
base, paling off a little towards the hind and inner margins. The thorax is of a
darker, almost orange, yellow ; and the cilia of the secondaries are paler, approach-
ing a lemon colour. The rcnifn-m sfigma has the inner portion dark grey, almost
black, and the margin is visible, though not very distinct. The orbicular is slightly
paler than the ground colour.

1901.] 117

The first specimens were taken at sugar near INIailiet Drayton, in
August, 1891, by Mr. Bowyer, who was my companion at the time, and
myself. The species was very abundant that year, and came freely
to sugar, it being i)ossible to take from fifty to sixty specimens in an
evening. Altogether in that year nine of the yellow form were taken
at sugar, and I also bred one among a number of the ordinary forms.
Next year, though numerous, the species was not much attracted by
sugar, and not many were taken, bu,t among them was a yellow
one. In 1895 and 189G the species was again abundant, and came
fairly to sugar, but all the specimens taken were of the ordinary
forms. 1900 was again a good year, though only for a limited time,
and on August 14th, 15th, I7th, and 18th, I took a single specimen
of the yellow form each night.

Thus altogether fifteen specimens of this form have been taken,
comprising, I think, about 3 °/q of the total number of specimens of
M. castanea seen or taken. I think the re-occurrcncc of this variety
in three separate years shows that the form is constant, and not
merely a chance aberration, as was my idea on first taking the insect ;
and I therefore propose to name it var. xanthe.

I sent one of the 1891 s|)ecimens of this var. to Mr. Barrett, who
has figured it in his " Lepido|)tera of the British Islands," vol. iv, pi.
cxlviii, fig. Ih. The first notice of the occurrence of this form of N.
castanea was sent to the " Entomologist," vol. xxv, |). 70, by my
friend the Rev. T. Daltry.

Notes on the re-occurrence of the insect in 1900 appeared in
the " Entomologists' Record," vol. xii, p. 297.

I hope this short paper will establish its claim to a distinct varie-
tal name, and that the name I propose will be considered sufficiently
descri])tive and satisfactory.

Market Drayton :

March 2Qth, 1901.

ON SOME TERATOLOaiCAL SPECIMENS OF LE L'IDOPTERA.

BY SIR GEORGE F. HAMPSON, BART., F.Z.S., &c.
{Continued from 2nd Series, Vol. xi, jo. 19S^.

The specimens now described have been added to the collections
of the British Museum of Natural History since 1 published the
notes on the same subject, Ent. Mo. Mag., September, 1900, p. 197 ;
most of them have been kindly presented by Mr. South, who had
been accumulating them for some years.

118 [May,

Arctiad^.

Diacrisia lubricipeda, Linn., J ■ Right oje and anteinia i-nlirelj wanting; bird
by A. M. Moiitgommory, Ealing, May 6th, I'JO >.

Arclla vaia,'L\\\n., $ . Left side with both wings smaller than on right; I'uro-
wiiig on right side with the brown markings of medial area reduced to small
spots in and near cell ; bred R. South, 189U. 9 , leftside with the wings con-
siderably narrower than on right. Isle of Man, R. South. ? , wings small
and malformed ; fore-wing with the white markings much reduced ; bred K.
South, 1892. $ , wings malformed, especially the hind-wings, wliicli have
the black spots coniluent ; fore-wings with the white markings reduced to
small spots ; bred R. South, 1888.

NOCTUIU^.

Agrotis prunuba, Linn., J • Left fore-wing with the costa excised before apex ;

left hind-wing with the apex excised; right hind-wing with the tcrnien

greatly excised below apex. Hazeleigh, June 30th, 1900. Rev. Gr. U. Raynor.
Agrotis comes, Hiibn., S ■ Wings malformedj especially the hind-wings, which

are half natural size; bred R. South, ova from Forres.
Mameslra brassicce, Linn., ? • Leh side with the apex of fore-wing truncatelj'

rounded. Balham, June, 1898 ; bred R. South.
Mamestra mgrtUli, Linn., ? . Hind-wings reduced to two-tliirds natural size.

Canterbury, June, 1888 ; bred R. South.

LyMANTKIADjE.

Ijymantria wowacAa, Linn., $. Right fore-wing with the costa truncate and
excised on apical tiiird ; melanistic ; R. South. ? , left hind-wing entirely
absent ; melanistic ; R. South.

Saturniad^.

Satuniia pavonia, Linn, ^ , wings narrow ; fore-wings with the basal half of costa
strongly excised and concave; left hind-wing with the apical part of costa
excised ; R. South.

Geometric^.

lleteromiza obliquaria, Leech, <? . Fore-wings represented by minute scales only,

otherwise fully developed. W. China, Ta-Chien-Lu ; Pratt.
Hygochroa syringaria, Linn., $ . Right hind-wing reduced to about one-fifteenth

natui'al size ; R. South.
Boarmia roboraria, Schiff., $ . Hind-wings aborted, and about one-third natural

size ; bred 1890 ; R. South.
Buarmia cinctaria,'$i<i\\\S., S- Right hind-wing aborted, and about one-fourth

natural size ;kbred 1890 ; R. South.
Deilinia pusaria, Linn., £ . Hind-wings aborted, narrow, constricted at middle,

the terminal half tinged with pink ; R. South.

Lasiocampid^.

Eriogaster lanestris, Linn., $ . Ova protruding between segments of abdomen
on dorsal surface ; bred April 1st, 1892, with some males, protrusion of ova
first noticed May 12th, 1892 ; R. South.

1901.] 119

, Ntmphalid^.

P^ramei's atafania, Jjhiw., $. Left foiv- uiul liind-wiiiys riJiiced to about two-
thirds natural size ; bred 189'J ; K. Soutli. ? , left fore-wing rather sniallt-r
tlian natural size ; left hind-wing about two-tliirds natural size, the orange
terminal band much reduced and without black spots on it ; two whitish
subterminal marks below apex, and no blue marks at tornus ; bred 1895;
R. South. '•^ , left fore- and hind-wings somewhat reduced, the fore-wing
with the termen much more excised below tlie falcate apical area tiian in
normal specimens ; bred 1897 ; R. -South. ? , right fore- and hind-wings
somewhat reduced in lengtli. but not in breadth ; right fore-wing with
wliitish marks on tiie two lowest spots of the red band ; bred 1897 ; R.
South. ^ , right fore- and hind-wings somewhat reduced ; bred 1899 ; R.
South.

Apafiira iris, Linn., $ . Wings considerably distorted ; right fore-wing with the
tornal area excised and distorted ; left fore-wing with the tornal area dilated ;
both hind-wings witli tlie tornal area reduced. New Forest, 1879 ; Gr. Gulliver.

Arffj/ni) is paphia, Ijirm., ^. Right fore-wing with the apical area considcrablj'
aborted and produced, a whitish postraedial patch between veins .'> and 7 ;
left fore-wing somewhat reduced ; right hind-wing with whitish subterminal
patch between veins 3 and 5 ; R. South.

Melitira aurinia, Rott., $ . Right fore-wing with the costa very much excised
from one-tliird from base to near apex. Lincolnshire, bred 1891 ; R. South.

MelitcBa athalia, Rott., ? . Right hind-wing reduced to about two-thirds natural
size. N. Devon ; bred ; R. South.

Melitcea cinxia, Linu., ? . Right fore-wing reduced to about three-fourths
natural size, and somewhat distorted; right hind-wing somewhat reduced.
Satyrid^.

Epinephelc tithonus, Linn., $. Wings somewhat distorted; left hind-wine
reduced to about two-thirds natural size. Effingham ; R. South.

PlEEID^.

Aporia davidis, Oberth., var. venata, Leech, (? . Right fore-win<>- reduced to
about three-fourths natural size ; left fore-wing about two-thirds natural
size, the termen deeply incised above vein 2, and the tornal area truncate.
W. China. Leech Coll.

Euchloe cardamines, Linn., ^ . Left fore-wing with round Iiole beyond the cell
between veins 3 and 4 ; left hind-wing with larger liole in lower end of cell,
the discocellular vein being displaced outward around it; riglit hind-win"
somewhat distorted and reduced. Hazeleigh ; bred 1900 ; Rev. Gr. H.
Raynor.

Ltcsnid^.

Lyccena cortjdon,VoAdi, i . Left hind-wing with the inner margin excised from
before middle to tornus. Clandon ; July, 1900 ; R. South.

Lyccena Icarus, Rott., (? . Right fore-wiijg with the apical area truncate, the
termen excised below apex; right hind-wing somewhat reduced, the termen
excised between veins 7 and 2, and the inner margin truncate towards tornus.

120 [May.

Folkestone ; R. South. ^ , left fore- and hind-wings reduced to about
three-fourtlis natural size ; fore-wing with the torinen excised from Tein 5 to
(oriius, hind-wing with the tcrnicn excised from vein 4 to tornus. Vcntnor ;
June, 1887; R. South. ?, left fore-wing reduced to about three-fourths
natural size, a large hole in end of cell, the discocellulars carried out round
it and llie veins distorted. Kent; R. South.

Lf/canu hclLirgus, Rott., J . Left fore-wing vritli the apical area truncate, the
terinon excised below apex ; left hind-wing with the termen excised between
veins 6 and 2. Folkestone; R. South. cJ , left hind-wing about two-thirds
natural size, very narrow and rather short. Folkestone ; R. South.

Cupido af(iiiroLuxits, IJergs., + . Right hind-wing about two-thirds natural size,
short and broad, the black spots before the orange series reduced to three
medial and three postraedial spots. Ventnor ; August, 1883 ; R. South.

PAl'ILIONIDiE.

/'api/io machaun, Linn., $ • Right fore- and hind-wings about three-fourths
natural size ; fore-wing with the apex truncate and roumled : hind-wing with
the tail short; bred from Sohani pupa, Maj, 1S93 ; R. South.

HeSI'KKIAD^.

Cyclopcsdes pala-mon, $ , right hind-wing about half natural breadth, the tornal
area much reduced and the torraen very oblique. Newball, June, 1894;
Rev. G. H. Raynor.

ZYG.aENIDJE.

Zygcena filipendulfc, Linn., 3' • Wings reduced to minute scales; fore-wings
without crimson ; hind-wing with crimson points. Bred. Folkestone, 1884 ;
R. South. S • right fore-wing with the termen triangularly excised between
veins 8 and 4; R. South. $, right fore-wing with elongate incision in
termen above vein 4 ; vein 5 arising from close to 6 above angle of disco-
cellulars. 9 , fore-wings lanceolate, about one-tenth natural size ; the
crimson markings reduced to a fascia on costal area from before middle to
near apex; right hind-wing entirely absent; left hind-wing minute, the
termen incised, two crimson patches on terminal area ; R. South. ?, the
wings reduced to about one-third natural size, bidentate, the whole terminal
area absent, being triangularly excised from two-thirds of costa to middle of
median nervure and thence to tornus ; R. South. $ , left fore- and hind-
wings with rounded patches on disc in, beyond, and below end of cell, almost
without scales. Bred. Folkestone, 1884 ; R. South.

Procris geryon,ll\xhn., S . Left fore-wing rather reduced, the apical area Irun-
cately rounded ; June, 1893 ; H. South.

ToKTKICIDjE.

CaciJeia 'piceana, Linn., S • Right hind-wing entirely absent. Bred. R. South.

British Museum (Natural History) :
March, 1901.

1901.] 121

NOTES ON METZNERIA LITTORELLA, Dgl.
BY EUSTACE K. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.

Ill the South of England the extremely local and nuich-))i''ze(l
Metzneiin littorella, Dgl., usually reaches the perfect state in the
month of May : it was originally taken, at Ventnor, fsle of Wight,
early in Ma}" by the late Mr. S. Stevens, and Lord Walsingham, who
re-discovered it there in 1898, says (Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. 2, xi, 127)
that it occurs "from May 6th to 29th (and perhaps later)." My dis-
appointment, therefore, may well be imagined wdien, by the end of
May last, not one single imago had appeared in the breeding-cages
which contained two large batches of seed-heads of Plantago coronopns,
collected by myself at random (for of the weather worn, often mud-
covered, heads, one could not tell the tenanted from the untenanted
ones) in two spots, near Yentnor, on January 30th and 31st, and one
small batch kindly sent me previously from there by Lord Walsing-
ham, who has recently discovered and described the larva and its
habits (Ent. Mo. Mag., I. c). At length, how^ever, my spirits began
to revive when, on June l7th, my eyes were gladdened by the sight of
a freshly-emerged imago. This was soon followed by others, and in
course of time the two large batches of seed-heads each yielded a
nice series of moths, which emerged June 17th — July 9th, and June
Iflth — July 25th, respectively, while from the small batch four moths
were bred, June 21st — 29th. I can only suppose that the retarded
emergence of the moths was due to the lateness of the season, com-
bined with the fact that the plantain-heads were kej^t under a box-
bush in my garden, out of the direct reach of the sun's rays, until
about the middle of May, when they were transferred to a tireless
room, facing north. The seed-heads also yielded numbers of small
ichneumon flies, not yet identified.

M. littorella is by no means so regular as some species at emerg-
ing from the pupa at a particular time of day, but the imagines
usually did so between 7 a.m. and 10 a.m., though some appeared
before the former, and others after the latter hour. They are excep-
tionally sluggish and retiring in habit, as noticed by Lord Walsingham
in nature, and very difficult to find and secure, even in the breeding-
cage, where they like to hide away from sight among the mass of
plantain stalks, resting wnth their peculiarly narrow forms placed
lengthwise along the stalks to which they cling. The males, as a
whole, emerged before the females, nearly all the early individuals
being males, while nearly all the late ones were females ; but, of

122 • f^^-''^'

course, for a wbile the sexes were coming out simultaneousl^^ Tlie
individuals of botli sexes vary surprisingly in size, the males from 9
to 13"5 mm , and the females from 8 to 13 mm., and all intermediate
sizes are well represented. Some specimens are rather more grey,
with the black spots more numerous and larger, wbile others are
somewhat whiter, or more ochreous, with the black spots fewer and
smaller, but the slight variation to be seen in colour and marking is
not sexual. The ovipositor of the female is of considerable length,
doubtless to enable it to hide its eggs away safely in the middle of the
seed-head, and in dead specimens is generally more or less extruded.

The full-fed larva hibernates, licad upwards, in its mine inside the seed -hearing;
stem, and in the spring it pupates therein, as suggested by Lord Walsingham.
Being anxious to learn more of its habits, I lately opened up numbers of the stems
(a most laborious task) until I had collected many larval mines, fully a score of
which contained pupa-shells enclosed in cocoons. The mine inside the stem some-
times extends downwards a little below the level of the lowest seed-vepsels, but it
was never found to reach more than 13 mm. below this point, and all the cocoons
were above it, some being only just above, while probably all were within 20 mm.
of it. Since the stem is too narrow to contain the pupa, the larva widens that part
of its mine, which has been chosen for the site of the cocoon, by gnawing away, (o
a greater or loss extent according to the necessities of the case, the walls of the
stem and of the adjacent seed-vessels: then, in the wider chamber thus formed, it
spins a tougli cocoon, the walls of which, esce]it where the natural stem walls arc
left intact and utilized, are composed of gnawed up vegetable fibre mixed with
cement, and nearly resemble, both internally and externally, the natural stem-walls.
The whole of the interior of the cocoon is thinly lined with white silk, which looks
glossy and hard as if it had been besmeared with gum ; its surface, however, is not
very smooth and even. In its nature and composition, tlie cocoon, which varies
considerably in size, but would average about G"2 mm. long, by 1'4 mn^ broad at its
widest pai't, reminds one strongly of that of a Centra. The upper end of it always
occupies the interior of a hollowed-out seed-capsule, through the top of which,
apparently weakened by the larva, the imago escapes, leaving tlie whole of the pupa-
shell behind it, inside the cocoon. Tlie remainder of the cocoon lies in the enlarged
larval mine, except when, as occasionally happens, the lower end, which always has
a pad of white silk threads spun across it, occupies another seed-vessel. The pupa,
as shown by the position of the empty shell, stands upright with its anal extremity,
surrounded by the east larval skin, resting on this silken )iad. In one solitary
instance, among fully a score of cocoons that were examined, the whole cocoon lay
outside the stem, in a chamber parallel to, and formed against, the wall of the stem,
by the larva having gnawed away part of the substance of the wall, and parts of
three adjacent seed-vessels. In another single instance, an abnormally thick stem
was wide enough in itself to contain the cocoon, the upper end of which, however,
occupied, as usual, a seed-capsule.

The following brief description was made from the empty pupa-shells. These
will be sent to my esteemed friend. Dr. T. A. Chapman, in the hope that they may
afford something of interest to the specialist.

1901] 123

Longtli, •!• — 5 nun. Greatest brt'adtli, 0'9 — 1"2 mm. Slemli'i' and alleniiiilL'il
in slia|>e, broadest across the postcM'ior part of the mesotliorax, and tapering tlionce
somewliat towards the head, which is rather narrower than the protliorax, and
decidedly towards the anal extremity. Shell very smooth and highly polished,
orange-ochraceous, with the head parts conspicuously blackish-brown as a rule,
though sometimes brown, and occasionally concolorous with the rest of the shell.
Cases of appendages clearly defined, and soldered to the main shell throughout
their entire length ; those of the antennae, wings, and hind legs are very long, their
extremities reaching to the end of the eighth abdominal segment, that is, nearly to
the end of the pupa-shell. A powerful lens shows a few minute, straight, pale hairs,
or bristlei?, on the dorsal surface of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments, but
the anal extremity itself is destitute of anal armature.

Reference to a detailed description of the larvn, made for my
own use in March last, is needless, Lord Walsingham having, since
then, published a description of it, as already stated. I will, therefore,
only mention that I was much struck by the remarkable power shown
by the larva (which, when moved about, lets out a strong silken thread)
of reducing its length to a minimum by contracting together all its
segments, including the head, which is retractile into the prothorax.

Douglas, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.S., i, G7 (1850), and
Stainton, in Tns. Brit. Lep. Tin., 128 (1854), mention the Isle of
Wight as the only known British locality for littordla, but in the
Manual, ii, 341 (1859). Stainton gives it as also occurring, and that
commorly, at Birkenhead, to which record Meyrick's entry of Cheshire
as a locality for it, in HB. Br. Ficp., 579, clearly refers. I shall be
grateful to any one who can tell me whether these Birkenhead speci-
mens were genuine lifforcUa, who captured them, and where they are
now located. In Ent. Wk. Tnt., ii, 157 (1857), J. B. Hodgkinson
records the capture by himself of lUtoreJln "in this neighbourhood,"
i.e., near Preston, where he was then living, and adds that, if he is
rightly informed, the Tsle of Wight and Ireland are the only localities
where the insect has ])reviously been taken. I believe that his infor-
mation about Ireland must have been unreliable, for I have never
heard or seen any record of its occurrence there, nor is it included in
Mr. W. F. de Vismes Kane's Catalngue of the Lepidoptera of
Ireland, just concluded in the " Entomologist ; " and as regards
Hodgkinson's reputed ca|)ture at Preston, I imagine that, as not
unfrequently was the case, his identification was incorrect. At any
rate, I fancy that nothing more was ever heard of the occurrence of
littorella at Preston, and the facts remain that Stainton did not give
Preston as a locality for it in the Manual, of which the part containing
the notice of it was not |)ublished till two years after Hodgkinson's

124 i^^^y'

note, and that Hodgkinson's collection, at his death, contained only a
solitary individual ot the si^ecies, which, from the style of pinning
and setting, looked as if it was certainly one of the specimens taken
by Stevens at Ventnor. 1 am aware that Hodgkinson, in his earlier
years, sometimes disposed of rare insects out of his collection, but
have uev.er heard of his distributing any lifforeJJa.

Norrlen, Covfe Castle :

Slnrch I3th, 1901.

CURIOUS EXPERIENCE WITH LASTOCAMPA QUERCUS.
BY EDWARD ANDREWS.

Dm-iiig a short stay in the New Forest Ifist year at the beginning of August, I
came npon a female specimen of L. quercits. It laid about one hundred eggs, whicli
hatched in the course of twelve dajs. Tlio young larva? flourished upon oak until
September 20th, growing very slowly, and eating at rather wide intervals, as is, 1
believe, their custom. As soon as oak began to fail, I obtained fresh shoots from a
broad-leaved sallow, which had burst int6 green again on account of its having been
partially hewn down. They devoured this with equal relish until as late as October
10th, when, other foliage having become scarce, I gave them common willow. Ey
now every one of them, witliout exception, had exceeded the stage at whicli L.
qnercih hibernates. Instead of refusing food, however, they began to cat with a
rapidity only to be equalled by the slowness with which they had taken their meals
in August and September.

This, at first sight, may appear a little strange, cooler weather having set in,
darker days, and an atmosphere of general decay and damp enough to send any
larva to sleep. But from the very beginning 1 had kept them indoors ; had washed
their food with wet wadding, and changed it twice daily, with the result, I conclude,
that my larvae still imagined themselves in the middle of summer. They grew
steadily on willow until November 10th, when, this too failing, I gave them bramble.
Towards the end of the month their progress slackened considerably. Previous to
this they had occupied about sis days changing their skins ; now, however, the last
such transformation extended over a period of twelve days, three of which were
spent in "drying" from the effects of the cliange. I began to think that they
would fail, especially as bramble was fast becoming uneatable, and nothing witliin
my knowledge remained for them to feed upon. In my perplexity I wrote to the
Editors of this Magazine, who very kindly furnished me with a number of interest-
ing details, of which I had been quite ignorant. The result was that I watched
them with the greatest care, feeding them now upon ivy, whicli they devoured with
as much relish as though it were oak or common willow.

On December ir)th,one larva made its cocoon, and from that date onward every
one of them, without exception, jiassed into the pupa state. On this point there
was some difference of time, the first having spun on December 15th, and the last
spinning as late as the first week in February.

It is highly probable that the cold weatlier was the cause of their almost total

1901.] 125

stagnation during Jamiarj, ab wliicli time so sparingly did lilu'y cat, and so slowly
did tlu'v grow, that I began to think they wore partially hibernating ; many of them
remained quite inactive for sis days before spinning.

About February 23rd one moth emerged, a male, and its appearance was soon
followed by another male and several females, one of which a])proached the northern
race in the dusky tint of its wings. Up to the time of writing — March 22nd —
thirteen have expanded their wings, seven of which are females and the remainder
males. I was fortunate enough to mate a pair, and am now the honoured possessor
of one hundred and fifty eggs, a state of things somewhat curious for the mouth of
March !

Two very interesting illustrations of the effect of temperature on L. qnercits
occurred. Early in January I opened one of the cocoons for tlie i^urposc of exami-
ning the pupa, but found that the larva had not yet changed. I iiad divided the
brood into two boxes, one of which I kept in a cold, and the other in a warm, room.
Covering up the larva with cotton wool, I placed it in the cold room, and, not
expecting any moths to emerge for some time, left it there. At the end of six
weeks, on opening the box and expecting to see the pupa, I was considerably sur-
prised to find tlie larva in precisely the same condition — grub-like, alive, and healthy.
I therefore removed it to the warm room, and in three days it liad changed into a
pupa.

The other instance was in the case of the first male that emerged. The tem-
perature of the room in which it was placed varied from sixty to seventy degrees
Fahrenheit in the day time, and from forty to fifty iia the night. Early every
evening for five days the imago made faint attempts at breaking through its pupa
case. Throughout the morning, when the room was coid, it never moved at all ;
when the frost gave way it emerged. It appeared to lack energy enough to creep
out until the temperature assumed a distinctly high and constant figure, at which
time the second male appeared.

The complete success of this entomological experiinent of course owed its origin
largely to the sumptuous manner in whicli the larvse were reared from the beginning
to the end. I kept their cage well ventilated, and their food spotlessly clean, taking
pains at the same time to give them plenty of light. The oak during September,
and the sallow, willow, and bramble for the most part were all as fresh as the smallest
and greenest spring leaves. Only during December and January were they forced
to devour somewhat tough and stringy foliage. They were also supplied with a
constant " drinking trough " in the shape of wadding sopped with water. It was a
curious spectacle to watch these creatures pause in their perambulations, fasten their
jaws in the soaking wool and draw in the liquid after the manner of cows. I have
never reared this species before, and consequently am not sure of the date at which
it usually hibernates. But as far as I can recollect, my larvse showed no sign what-
ever of any stagnation during the autumn. Only their general growth was slow.
They expanded most rapidly during the latter half of October and the first half of
November.

The hairs of the larva had an exceedingly irritating effect upon my skin. I
could not touch them without converting parts of my fingers into clusters of milky
white blains ; oddly enough, they had no effect upon me whatever until the larva?
had arrived at the last stage but one, and then to simply touch the gi'ey hairs

N

126 t^^y-

which grow down the back as thick and close as velvet pile was quite sufficient.
These adhere to the flesh with the readiness of finest splinters. They remove theni-
sclves from the larva's coat as though they were balanced like so many miniature
arrows in hollow cases.

The manufacture of the cocoons is a very clever piece of art. The first
covering consists of web ; the second consists of a glutinous secretion — probably the
web itself in a liquid state — which they smear over the first; and the final coat is
web again. The hairs of the larva are also mixed with the outer covering, and in
consequence I am unable to handle the cocoons very much without endui'ing a cer-
tain amount of irritation.

192, Devonshire Road,

Forest Hill, S.E. :
March, 1901.

Application for British Stratiomyidce, Sfc. — In this Magazine for Sept., 1897,
I made a request that I might be assisted in examining freshly caught specimens of
FJatypezcB. The result was astonishing, as fine series of little known species were
sent to me from various sources, and I was consequently enabled to clear up many
very complicated cases of synonymy, not only for Britain but also for Europe.

I am now working at a second volume of my " British Flies," which would be
Vol. V of the " Scheme." This Vol. is entitled " Stratiomyidce to Cyrtidm " in my
Introductory Notice. I want to see British specimens of afl species which appeared
in italics in my " List of British Diptera " for these families ; I should also like to
see any specimens of Oxycera (except O. pulohella and O. trilineata), and any spe-
cimens of Odontomyia (except O. ornata, 0. tigrina, and O. viridula). Sargus
fiavipes is at present a jumble, and I specially want to see the male of a species
which occurs in the Forest of Dean. Any Xylophagida. will be welcome. Hcema-
topota italica should be looked for in the neij^hbourhood of Leigh and Southend in
Essex. I should be glad to examine any of the uncommon species of Tabanus, and
I especially want to see good series of any species of Therevidce (except T. annulata
and D. anilis), but they must be in most perfect condition as to their pubescence.
In a similar way I want to see series of the '' Paniscus " group of the genus Anthrax,
but the greatest care should be taken that the pubescence is not injured. Specimens
of Scenopinus are welcome, and I should be glad to receive authentic localities for
all species which will be included in the volume. — G. H. Verrall, Sussex Lodge,
Newmarket : A])ril, 1901.

Selenia bilnnaria, Esp. (= illunaria, lib.), apparently not double brooded in
Scotland. — In the recent account of this moth in Mr. Barrett's " Lepidoptera of
the British Islands," no i-eference is made to the fact, alluded to many years ago by
the late Dr. Buchanan White, that so far as is known the species is only single
brooded in North Britain. Buchanan White's remark (Scot. Nat., vol. iii, p. 275)
is as follows : — "A second brood . . . occurs in England and elsewhere, but in
Scotland it is of very rare occurrence, at least in the north, if it happens at all."
As far as my own experience goes — and it coincides with that of other entomologist

1901.) 127

to whom I have spoken on the subject — the moth occurs here only in May and
June, seklom for into the hitter month, though in 1801 I took two specimens still
in fair condition as late as the 22nd. — William Eyans, 38, Morningside Park,
Edinburgli : March 10th, 1901.

Dark aberration of Heliothls peltigera, Schijf. — From a larva on Ononis
arvensls, collected with others on the Isle of Purbeck coast in July, 1894,1 bred, on
the 13th of the following November, by far the darkest individual of TTeliothis
peltigera that I have ever seen. The fore-wings have tlie ground colour dull burnt-
umber, with the principal markings of the usual cliaracter, but rendered very in-
conspicuous by the uniform darkness of the ground colour. The hind-wings, also,
are exceptionally dark, the parts of them that are generally pale being clouded over
with fuscous. The specimen is a female, and has the fore-wings abnormally narrow,
their greatest breadth being 1 mm. less than in an ordinary specimen of the same
expanse, and the right hind-wing slightly crippled : it was the last to emerge,
the other imagines appearing from September 2nd to October 29th. — Eustace R.
Bankes, Norden, Corfe Castle : March 15th, 1901.

Acanthopsyche opacella : correction of an error. — At Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 63
ante, last paragraph, I wrote, " this Tachinid has learnt on some other species, or on
Psychids generally, how to produce," &e. Absence from England prevented my
correcting the proof, hence the curious phraseology that appears. — T. A. Chapman,
Betula, Reigate: April, 1901.

Observations on Sphecodes. — Referring to the most interesting review of the
state of our knowledge of the habits of Sphecodes in recent Nos. of this Magazine
by the Rev. F. D. Morice, it may be worth while to note that we can add the genus
CoUetes to Halictus and Andrena as sharing the special attention of Sphecodes.
My friend Mr. Robert Newstead,of Chester, paid considerable attention to Aculeates
before he took up his work upon the Coccids ; and I have a note of his recording
that he once took Sphecodes pilifron.i $ entering the burrows of CoUetes cunicularia
at Wallasey ; and this was not an isolated accident, as he took three specimens of
the Sphecodes from the tunnels of the CoUetes on the same day. As this was early
in May, the Sphecodes would, I presume, be hibernated. — Willoughby Gabdneb,
Reform Club, Liverpool: April, 1901.

Corsican Ants bred (Leptothorax angustiilus, NyJ., and Sothriomt/rmex meri-
dionalis. Eager) . — It may assist some future historians, when writing on the time
of appearance of the sexes of ants, if I record my observations on two species while
I was in Corsica. At the end of June T saw some small ants, and being desirous
of obtaining the winged forms of the species, I traced them to a decayed stump of
a large chestnut tree, and by searching I procured large and small pupse (cocoons).
I carefully placed them in a bottle with some workers and decaying wood, and for
food I placed a knob of white sugar dipped in water ; they readily adapted them-
selves to their new home, and appeared very contented ; on July 2nd and following
days I had the pleasure of seeing the sexes of Leptothorax angustulus.

128 ~ [May,

The following week T observed aiiotliev small speeies, and repealing the former
process, I obtained males, females and workers, on July 26th and following days, of
Bothriomyrmex meridionalis . — G. C. Bignell, Saltash, Cornwall : March 14i/«,1901.

Note on AtliaHa spinarum, L. — The 'Rev. F. D. Morice remarks {ante p. 98) on
the apparent scarcity of this sawfly in Britain at the present day. I think he might
go further back. Thirty and more years ago I used to collect sawflies diligently,
and still retain my collection. I quite remember that this was always a desiderated
species with me, and personally I seem to have captured only a single example,
which was taken in Darenth Wood in May, 1868. It is true that I never investi-
gated turnip or mustard fields, but the insect feeds on various uncultivated Cruci-
fer^, and should not be the rarity that it has apparently become. Is it still known
ns an agricultural pest anywhere in this country ? — E. McLachlan, Lewisham,
London : April, 1901.

I'^NTOMOLOGICAL SocTF.TY OF LONDON: March Gth, 1901. — The Eev. Canon
Fowler, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. E. W. Lane, of 9, Teesdale Street, Hackney Eoad, N.E., was elected a
Fellow of the Society.

Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited a parasite, or Braconid, on Ceutliorrhyn-
chus sttlcicoUis, bred from the galls on a turnip caused by the larva of that beetle,
together with the host. Mr. A. J. Chitty, a variety of P.tyHiodes cj/anop/era. 111.,
the coloration of the thorax dark instead of the usual red, taken by him along with
the typical form in August, 1892, at Wicken Fen, close to the Pumping Station.
Mr. IT. J. Turner, a long series of Brtfophila miiralis {glandifera) from Dawlish.
The whole were either taken on, or bred from pupre cut out of, a single roadside
wall some hundred yards long, very lofty, and facing nearly north, on which aspect,
however, it was protected by higher ground. They were obtained in mid-August,
with the exception of a few which emerged at intervals during September and
October, 1900. Generally speaking the specimens were very dark, and the series
was remarkable in that it contained but a few isolated examples of the forms which
are prevalent in more eastern localities like Freshwater, Eastbourne, or Folkestone.
The hind-wings of all the specimens were dark, while, in the majority, the black
markings of the fore-wings were much intensified and increased in number, and a
few specimens were largely suffused with black. On the motion of Mr. H. J.
Elwes, seconded by Mr. H. Goss, it was resolved that a Committee be appointed to
consider the question of uniformity in nomenclature for the guidance of specialists
contributing to the Victoria County Histories, and that the appointment of the
Committee should rest with the Council of the Society. Tlie following papers were
read : — •" Cetoniidce collected by Messrs. H. E. Andrewes and T. E. D. Bell in the
Bombay Presidency, with Descriptions of the New Species," by O. E. Janson, and
" A Supplementary Catalogue of British Ichneumonidce," by Claude Morley.

1901.] 129

March -KHJi, 1001.— Mr. G. H. Vekrall, Vice-President, in the Cluiir.

Mr. Willougliby Giirdner, P.L.S., Eeforni Club, Liverpool ; Mr. F. Hopson, 16,
Rosslyn Hill, N.W. ; Dr. C. A. Ledoux, Grahamstown, South Africa ; Mr. C. P.
Pickett, Leytoii, Essex ; Mr. W. G-. Sinith, 164, Wells Eoad, Knowle, Bristol ; Mv.
Or. A. Waterhouse, B.Sc, Sydney, New South Wales; Mr. H. H. Whyman, M.A.,
Montreal, Canada ; and Mr. F. C. Woodforde, Market Drayton ; were elected Fellows
of the Society.

Mr. C. J. Watkins sent for exhibition a series of lai'ch twigs illustrating the
winter condition of Coleophora lai-icella, the special feature being the manner in
which the cases of the larva? assimilated in colour with the bark of the larch. Mr.
G. B. Eoutledge exhibited a specimen of ITi/drUJa palustris, taken on the wing by
Mr. J. E. Thwaytes when sugaring near Carlisle on June 10th, 1899. He said it
was the first male taken in that district, and Mr. C. G. Barrett remarked that it
was the most definitely marked specimen of any known, and that in the northern
locality the lines on the wings seemed to be brought out with greater distinction
than in the Fen Country and elsewhere. He also exhibited specimens of Bembidinm
Schuppeli, a rare beetle captured on the banks of the river Irthing. Mr. R.
McLachlan, Trichopterous larva-cases of the form known as " HeJicops^cJie^' from
the Prony Eivcr, New Caledonia, sent to him by Mr. J. J. Walker, E.N. They
were large and remarkable for the size of the individual sand-grains of which the_^
were built up. These sand-grains, Mr. Walker informs him, were water-worn
particles of the heavier minerals of the river bed, such as chrome, nickel, and iron
ores. It is possible that similar cases were alluded to by Hagen in the Stett.
Ento. Zeitung, 1864, p. 129, from the Munich Museum. Mr. G. T. Porritt, speci-
mens of an almost black form of Acronycta meni/anthidh frotri Skipwith Common,
near Selby, and stated that the same form was also common on Strensall Common,
near York. For comparison he also showed specimens from the moors near
Huddcrsfield. The chief interest in the exhibit consisted in the fact that, in botli
the districts where the melanic meiiyanthidia occurred, melanism was not a common
feature ; whereas in the Huddcrsfield district, where only the pale form of vieni)-
anthidis was taken, melanism was a conspicuous feature in many species, even in
and close to the grounds where only the pale menyanthidiii could be found. Mr.
H. W. Andrews, a female specimen of AmpMdasys heiuJaria, with hind-wings
aborted and scarcely developed, taken at Paul's Cray, Kent, in May, 1896. Mr. H.
Eowland-Brown stated that he had seen it announced in the London newspapers
that the County Council had appointed a committee of experts to enquire into the
feasibility of stocking the London parks with bntterflies, and encouraging those
which already existed there. He said that according to the latest observations
thirty-nine species of lihopalocera were recorded within, roughly speaking, a ten
mile metropolitan limit, but that of these he only knew of Pleris rapa, P. napi,
Vanessa Atalanfa, V. urtica, and perhaps one or two others which could, strictly
speaking, be said to inhabit the Metropolis itself. A discussion ensued on the
subject, in which Mr. A. J, Chitty, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. G. H. Verrall, Mr. H.
Goss, and Mr. F. Merrifield took part.— TT. Eowland-Brown and H. Goss, Hon.
Secretaries.

130 [May.

NOTES ON LIEPIDOPTERA OBSERVED ON A VISIT TO THE

ENGADINE IN 1900.

BV T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S , &c.

I took my excursion last summer to the Engadine, and had Mr.
Gr. C. Champion as a compagnon de voyage. It resulted, of course,
that Coleojjtera did not take second place in our programme. The
results, so far as I assisted, were some observations on several species
of the genus Orina, which have been presented to the Entomological
Society of London in a short paper.

The real object of our excursion was, of course, simply a ramble
amongst the mountains, but as in the every day matter of a mere
constitutional, there is necessarily also an ostensible object. This I
found by proposing to search for Erehin flniw-fasciata, of which two
specimens were each in a different year brought thence by Mr.
Nicholson, of Lewes. " Somewhere near Pontresina " being the only
available direction, we accordingly made our head-quarters first at
Pontresina. I may say at once that we failed to find the butterfly,
and equally failed, of course, with regard to any likely spot, to prove
its absence. Our non-success was very probably due to want of
activity and enterprise on my part. I comfort myself, however, with
the belief that the weather had something to do with it. Our first
week or ten days at Pontresina was spent in deploring the wintry
character of the weather, cold, wet, snowy, with snow several times
to within 1000 feet of the village, so that any satisfactory excursions
were impossible, either not attempted or cut short by bad weather.
Afterwards it was probably rather late, at any rate little could be
done during the few days there were before it was certainly too late.
The search for E. flavo-fnsciata at Pontresina remains, therefore, for
another season, either for us or more likely for some one else.

The weather at Pontresina was the more tantalising as we had
come over the Albula on a magnificent day, seeing plenty of butterflies
and not far from Tiefenkasten grand flights of the fine Ascalaphus
coccajus.

Our dates were, first three weeks of July at Pontresina, last
week at Guarda (above Schuls, at the mouth of the Val Tuoi).

Whenever the weather was fine, and we had a fair share during
the latter part of our stay, the feature of the excursion was for me
the profusion of certain butterflies that for some years I had only
seen sparingly. Not that any of them were rarities, but it was cer-
tainly pleasant to see them in such numbers. Foremost of these

1901.] ^ 131

perhapt^ was Picris Gallidice, which was pleiiliful in many places, at
the siunuiit of the Albuhi, and about the Berniua Hos]Mce and neigli-
bouring valleys especially. I fancy from hearing similar accounts of
the species from other districts that it was this season really more
abundant than usual. The same remark may apply to Lijccena Plicretcs
and urbilulus, that simply swarmed in portions of the Bernina Valley, in
the Heuthal, and elsewhere, as well as in the Tuoi Valley at Guarda.
Colias Falceno I never saw in such numbers, it was perhaps most
abundant on the slopes of what is called Muottas Pontresiua. Here
are thousands of acres of Vaccinium uUginosum, and a dozen or two of
C. Palceno would often be in view at once.

Erehia Gorge was also extremely abundant, especially on the way
up to the Piz Lauguard and beyond the Hospice on the way to the
Alp Grum. The form at Poutresina was frio2)es, other varieties being
rare. At Guarda, where it was also common, the type prevailed, one
or two triopes and Eri/nis being however noticed.

Colias Phicomone was much less abundant than G. PaJceno ; it was
frequent everywhere, but was only abundant in a mountain pasture
between Pontresina and 8t. Moritz. I am not prepared to be
positive that I saw either G. Hyale or G. Edusa. I brought neither back
with me.

Parnassius Delius was locally abundant in one or two spots in
the Bernina Valley, and was especially common on the upper marshy
pastures of the Val Tuoi. P. Apollo was frequent, but abundant in the
immediate proximity of Guarda.

The Melitceas were represented in great force by M. 31erope, and
in the upper regions of the Val Tuoi and in the Heuthal by an
abundance of a form that is, 1 sup])ose, M. PartJienie. These were
remarkable for the great variety in the markings of the upper-side,
hardly two specimens being quite alike. The females very dark, with
the ante-marginal row of rusty spots less obscured than the others,
so that they much ve'^emhle M. Asteria, which also occurred on the same
ground.

31. Phoehe, Diet i/nna, and Afhalia were more or less common, especi-
ally on the lower ground near Guarda, and could always be discrimi-
nated from each other. Ji. Gynthia was abundant at the higher levels
everywhere, and didyma abounded at Guarda.

The Argijnnes were more frequently seen than captured. A.
Pales was often abundant, and the profusion of A. Aglaia and Eris
at the mouth of the Val Tuoi and in many other places was most
exhilarating if not profitable. A. Amathusia was frequent, though not

132 [May, 1901.

fully out when we left. A. luo was frequent on the openings in the
woods opposite Guarda, where an odd A. Tliore was taken ; this was
more abundant in the steep lianging wood through which the path
goes from Pontresina to the Muottas Pontresina. It was here that
we met with Oriiia vittigcra so abundantly. A. Euphrosi/ne was still
on the wing at Guarda, and A. Lat/ionia, without being in profusion, was
fairly common at all places visited except the higher levels.

Grapta G-alhum and other Vanessce were seen at Guarda, with
H. Setnele, Janira, and Mcera.

The Lyccenids always command one's attention, but we met with
nothing of note. L. Pheretes andorbitulus were the blues of our trip,
being in profusion in the Heuthal and the Val Tuoi, and common
almost everywhere, .fi'ros was often by uo means a bad third. u3^r/oii,
seinlarrjiis and minima made up the list of blues that were " common
everywhere." Eumedon was frequent, but nowhere coumion. OptiJctc
was common where Vaccinium uJirjinosum abounded, especially on the
Muottas Pontresina. Avion was frequent, and common in places near
Guarda. Damon, Icarus, Cori/dou and Arrjits were common at Guarda,
SiVid Astrarche was frequent at Pontresina. Hylas was less abundant,
and only an odd specimen each was captured of baton and hellargus.
Escheri occurred at Pontresina, and a large form of Alcon with wide
border was met with at Guarda. At the latter station a specimen was
taken that is possibly a variety of Amanda, but strongly suggests
itself to be a hybrid Oorydon X Hylas. "Coppers" were not success-
fully exploited, Gordiits and viryaurecs making up the tale.

Tbe ErehicB met with included Mehimpics, common everywhere ;
Go/ye, already alluded to; Epipliron, nowhere common, perhaps hardly
fully out; lappona, Mnestra, frequent, both at Pontresina and Guarda.
A feature of the U])per slopes of the Val Tuoi was the abundance of
E. Pharte and E. Manto, unfortunately beginning to get worn. What
was specially noticeable w-as the parallelism of variation of the two
forms. In neither species were there any specimens so fully and
brilliantly marked as those taken a few years ago at ISt. Anton and in
Carinthia, though a few approached it. On the other hand there
were all gradations, in Manto from this form to the var. Gcecilia,
which was frequent, and in Pharte a similar range to specimens
almost without markings, but not one, I think, absolutely without a
trace of rusty mark on upper wing. A few Stygne and Medusa were
seen, and Tyndarus was often in great force. We were too early for
c/lacialis at Pontresina, but it was taken on the ridges above Val
Tuoi ; the few taken included the dark and pale forms, including one

.Inno, 1901.1 18.S

var. PJiito. Goanfe was seen at Guarda, where also Ceto and Bledusa
appeared to be nearly over, ^thiops, a fine large form, was just
coining out, and Liqea at the lower levels, and Eririjale higher up was
fairly common — a total of fifteen species.

Ooenoiij^mpha Satj/rioii was common at all stations. PampJiihis,
much rarer, one brought home measures 1'35 inch in expanse. The
" skippers " were chiefly forms of what T take to be H. fritiUum, some
very finely marked, others with spots all but obsolete. >S'. Sao also
occurred, with T. Tagea, P. linea and sy^anus.

The Zi/(/cenid(e were nowhere in force and presented nothing
noteworthy.

Nemeophila plantaginis was common, especially in the upper Val
Tuoi,in considerable variety, but still each variety fairly distinct from
the others and not shading into one another, as I think I have more
commonly seen it. A yellow form = type ; a white form with upper
wings tinted = liospita ; a very black form pale area as in type =
maternnJis? ; similarly dark, but pale areas, as in liospita = elec/ans.

A very large form (over 1"5 inch) of Litltosia lurhhnla was com-
mon at Guarda, usually at rest on leaves of Asclepias.

On the same area of the Val Tuoi that afforded Erehia Plmrie
and Manfo, Pliisia Hochenwarthi was very abundant, as it was also in
the Val Roseg at Pontresina. Along with it were immense numbers of
Agrofis oceUina flying in the sunshine, and settling often several
together on the flowers, especially of Arnicn. Along with it and with
similar habits was a species allied to Ui/droecln nictitans, which I take
to be Mythimnn ivihecilla. This much resembled H. nictitana in its
habit of frequenting flowers, but was even more ready to fly in the
sunshine; the male is not very like H. nicfifans, but the female has
a very similar facies. These two species were also fairly common in
the Heuthal and other places near Pontresina.

Annria meJanopa was frequently seen in the higher regions,
though catching it was a different matter. It was especially abun-
dant on the Fuorcla da Surlej. Amongst the NoctucB seen the follow-
ing were taken : A. segefum, candeUseq^ua, H. dentina, glmica, L.
conigera, P. gamma^ hracten (nenr the mill at Guardn), H. ecesia, A.
euphorhice, O. cymhalarice.

I have handed over to Mr. Prout the Geometrce taken, and he will
report if there is anything worth re])orting on.

The Endrosna (PJiilen, Sttina) taken included roscida, which was
very abundant in its old locality in the main Bernina Valley near the
entrance to the Heuthal. It occurred again on open ground rather

o

134 [Jnne,

high up in the Tuoi Valley ; .1 search for the ? was unsuccessful.
This species has all the aspect of being very definite and distinct from
the others, and affects rather swampy flats, so that its food-plants and
habits must be rather different from those of the allied forms, whose
larvae one so frequently meets with on and under dry lichen-covered
stones. At Ardetz, a village some few miles down the valley from
Guarda, an Endrosa was found abundantly in the village, sitting on
the usually white-washed walls of the houses, females being in about
the same numbers as the males. When T say an Endrom T desire to
leave it unsettled whether all were one species or whether there were
several. One ^ appeared to be almost certainly irrorella. The bulk
were of a radiate form I should usually call aiiriia, but these shaded off
iiito a fine large form of deep orange colour, and with more orange on
the abdomen than avrita is supposed to be entitled to. These were not
radiated, but with large blurred spots, and if not Kuhlweini are cer-
tainly a somewhat near approach to that form. Then there are two
neat little specimens, ^ and 5 , that resemble roscida in size, but are
radiate in markings. These specimens altogether increase my impres-
sion that irrorella, niiritn and Knliliorini are not yet fully differentiated
as species, and often present forms difficult to locate between
them. Indeed, I believe aurita and Kvlilwei7ii to be one species.
Irrorella can usually be easily distinguished.

Larvfe of Plusia moneta were common near St. Morit/, and that
of P. ilhish'is was met with in the Yal Roseg. In the Muottas Wood at
Pontresina the rhododendrons were devastated by the larvae of Larentia
ccPRintn, and larva? of L. verherala were taken on Gamfanula rohmdi-
folia, and those of Oporahin dilutata were common, especially affecting
the honey-suckle.

We met with the larva of an Epiclmopteryx, probably pulla or
one of its varieties, in gi'eat abunflance at one or two spots. One was
on the woodland or mountain road from Pontresina to 8t. Moritz, or
rather there were several spots along this road ; another was close to
the marshy flat in the Bernina Yalley near the entrance of the
Heutha], where Endrosa roscida is taken, and where also a Tortrix
with much the facies of vihurnana abounded. The date was about
the middle of July, yet a number of cases were affixed to the
grass stems as if for pupation. This was pi'obably, however, for
moulting, since not one emerged, and in the course of a week or ten
days all these were on the move again ; the cases were very similar to
those of full-grown males. Amongst the roots of the herbage and on the
ground at these places the cases were very abundant, so much so that

1001.] 135

two or three could often be picked up :it once between the thumb and
tinger. They were of various sizes, some that of very small males,
others of very large females (supposing them to be full grown).
There were also younger cases, and these were of a somewhat different
character. The adult case generally has a flat grass or carex blade
(or several) on each side brought together at the narrow end so that
that end finishes by a flat edge instead of a dome or point. These
younger cases, about half the length of the larger ones, were without
flat grass blades, proportionately thicker, round, and terminating
rather rapidly in a pointed end; they were clothed with small material
somewhat roughly jjut on, standing out a little, so as to contrast with
the smooth grass blades of the finished cases.

The food of these seemed to be largely not the green growing
herbage, but the damp, half rotten, dead, brown matei'ial that thickly
covered the ground and was derived from the [jlants of previous years;
in the first stage, in fact, of change to humus or peat. Several times
the young half-grown larvae with the rough cases were found, often
several together, eating into and forming cavities in portions of old
weathered cowdung. that consisted of shiwly decaying vegetable fibre,
much like the peaty stuff covering the ground, and that had long lost
all its primary aspect of mammalian excrement. I came to the con-
clusion that these creatures must emerge early in the year. What
would be early at some 0000 ft. elevation I do not know, but I was
somewliat surprised at being unable to meet with any of the empty
sacs and pupa cases left by the moths that could not have come out
very long before our date. In captivity the larvfe were very promis-
cuous feeders, eating many varieties of plants ; the flowers of Lotus
corniculahis seemed to please them most. A number of them died,
and T have not much hope of seeing many emergences next spring.

Several larvse of MeJaalna eiliaris were taken in the neuthal,tvvo
of which were found eating the leaves and stems of the little black
scented Orchis (JVir/rifrlJn anr/usfifolini'), and they ate this voraciously
in captivity.

A larva of an Eriocrania was met with in the leaves of Alnns
iiicana, and was especially abundant along the pathway bordering
the lake at St. Moritz. I suspect it may be one of our birch species
varying its food-plant, but the point is interesting.

Mlero-Lejiidoptera were not vigorously pursued, nor am I ver}'
sure of their names. We were rather interested in a black Tinen with
yellow head, that proves to be Tinea Rosenhergerell a , that we found
running actively about the bark and dead wood of a large pine tree

136 [Jnne.

in which a strong nest of large ants was housed. We had no proof of
it, but imagined the moths were associated with the ants rather than
with merely the rotting wood of the tree.

We returned home by the Pluela Pass and spent one day at
Davos. So far as our brief experience went we thought it a much
more desirable place for a stay than we had expected — expectations
founded on a tramp through it many years ago, and the general idea
that it was a winter sanatorium simply. We went to the top of
the Dischma Thai, separated from the top of the "Fluela Pass by a
comparatively narrow ridge, of which the Schwarzhorn is the principal
point. At the entrance of the valley we found Arqynnis Ino in pro-
fusion, further up we saw HJrehin Sti/gne ; E. Gorge was fairly common,
and Mnestra occurred very freely ; Tyndarna and Melnmjms were
veritable pests, rising from the road in swarms as we went along ;
Fjurynle was fairly common ; further up Argjpinis Pales and Amnthiisia
were common, and a large form of M. Merope, almost aurinia, was
frequent. Towards Durrenboden C. Palceno, P. Delius and Srebin
Epiphron were flying freely. Lifccdnn Alciphron and Gordius were
frequent, P. Optilefe was common, and Arqiis, Pherefes, and several
others were passed over as unworthy of attention.

Betula, Eeigate : Felruarij, 1901.

ON SOME GEOMETRIDES FROM THE GRISONS COLLECTED BY
DR. T. A. CHAPMAN IN 1900.

BY LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

With his customary generosity, my good friend Dr. Chapman has
presented me with the collection of Geometrides which he made in
Switzerland in July and early August of last year, and the following
note is the result of my investigation of them.

Pontresina and Guarda were made head-quarters, and collecting
done often several miles off, up or down. The elevation of both
centres is about 5500 ft. ; collecting was done for the most part at
higher levels, generally about 7000 ft., but of course there were many
exceptions.

From Pontresina, July 1st to 21st, came the following 32 species,
representing eight of the "genera" of Staudinger's "Catalog," just
half the species belonging to his comprehensive genus " Cidaria " —
so well represented in northern and alpine localities.

1901.] 137

(*Acidalia =) Fyctis fiavcolarin, Hb. — Three examples, normal.

{*AcidaUa =.) Capnoclathria (Warren, MS.) immoraia, L. — Two ; they are in
fine condition, and rather dark specimene, approaching var. tcsselaria, H.-S.

{*Acidalia =^) Leptomeris fumatay Stph. — Three.

{Gnophos -=^) Sciadion sordaria, Thnb., var. meiidicaria, H.-S. — Two S , one 9 •
This is, I believe, quite a usual variety in Switzerland.

(G. =) S. ijlaucinaria, Hb. — One S only of this interesting and variable
species.

Psodos coracina, Esp. — One ^ , two ? , tiie latter rather sharply marked, even
for this sex, in which of course one expects to find a great difference from the com-
paratively unicolorous males.

Ps. trepidaria, Hb. — Four ^ , one $ , agree with Fusio and Macugnaga forms,
which I have also had from Dr. Chapman.

Ps. alpinata, Sc. (horridaria, Scliiff.). — Twelve only, two being females.

Ps. qioadrifaria, Sulz. — Seven J , one $ .

Pygmccna fusca, Thnb. — Seven (J.

Ematurga atomaria, L. — One ^ , normal form, fairly large.

(Cleogene =) Crocota lutearia, Fb. — One (S ■

Minoa murinata, Sc, var. cineraria, Stgr. — Large, rather dark specimen ; the
only other murinata which Dr. Chapman has brought me, namely two examples
from Fusio, belong to the same var., but are a great deal smaller (hardly quite as
large as our average English form), and not quite so dark.

{Cidaria =^) Tliera variata, Schiff. — Three <J , interesting dark form, with not
much brown tinge, outer margin suffused, subterminal line nearly obliterated ; one
of the three particulai'ly dark, yet not at all resembling our Scotch oheliscata, var.
obLiterata, White. I am rather inclined to believe that Doubleday was right in
holding our British obeliscata to be a species distinct from variata, although my
friend iMr. F. N. Pierce, to whom I submitted specimens some time ago, finds no
appreciable difference in the (J genitalia.

{C. =) T. cognata, Thnb. {simulata, Hb.). — Larva on juniper, Heuthal, a valley
1200 or 1500 feet above Pontresina. The two specimens bred are larger, and of a
rather greyer-brown than the British form, but indistinguishable from that from
Gratz.

(Cidarla =;) ? Aincebe turbata, Hb. — c? and $ , showing considerable diJferences
in the fore- wings.

(Cidaria =^) ? Malenydris salicata, Hb. — Three, about the same form as from
Fusio, &c.

(C. =) ? M. incursata, Hb. — Two ^ , one ? , large, the $ sharply marked, with
narrow central fascia having a sharp prong posteriorly.

(Cidaria =) Xanthorhoe tnontanata, Schiff. — Five, one being the interesting ab.
fuscomarginata, Stgr., the others pretty normal.

[Cidaria =) Olaucopteryx ccesiata, Schiff. — Throe, varying, but not abnormally.
I also bred a series from larvae which Dr. Chapman found feeding on rhododendron
earlier in the season.

{Cidaria ==) 0. inculfaria, H.-S. — Two, worn.

Pre-occupied name.

138 i^-'""'^'

{Cidaria) verhevata, Sc. — One bred specimen, with rather interesting historj.
Dr. Cliapiuau foiaul tlireo larviE together on Canqiauula rutiuuJAfoUa, on which thej
fed well. The sjjccies is reputed to feed on Cnniferw, but Dr. Chapman thinks,
from the very great frequency of the moth in various localities, that it is a general
feeder.

(Cidaria) alpicolaria, H.-S. — One, in good condition. Tins is by no means a
oouanon species, and the present is the first specimen which Dr. Chapman has
brought me; it was first described fi'om the Austrian Alps, but i'ontresina is
apparently not a new locality for it ; I had two jirevious examples from the same
place, among some Geometrids received from lleyne.

(Cidaria =^) Ochyria s^padicearia, Schifl'. — One <? , rather dark and glossy, re-
minding one somewhat, by artificial light, of Epirrhw alternata, Mull. (Mclunippc
sociata, Bkh.).

(Cidaria, ^^) ? Rheumaptera luctuata, Schiff. (lugubrata, 8tgr.). — One fine large
example ; it is in perfectly fresh condition, though Frey gives May and June as its
period.

(Cidaria =^) Epirrhuv tristata, L. — One, pretty normal.

(Cidaria =) Perizoiiut alclicmillatct, L. — Two, differing much in size.

(C. ;=) P. blandiata, Schiff. (adMeqaatu, likh.). — Five, not variable.

(C. =) v. viinorata, Tr. — Five, not variable. Smaller and darker than speci-
mens I have from Tyrol, Engadine (? at lower altitude), &e., therefore nearer the
Scotch form.

Eupitliecia satyratu, Hb. ? — One peculiar whitish-grey si)ccinien, witii rather
pointed wings ; unless it be an aberration of this species I am unable to locate it.

E. tamarisciata, Fit. — One only.

E. scriptaria, H.-S. — Three, variable, but agree vorj well with the three which
I have from Fusio. I believe this prominent little Ewi>tliccio. is largely alpine in
its habitats.

From Guard a, July 22nil to 31st, there were 24 speciey, embraced
in 10 tStaudingeriau geuera.

Seven of the species, viz., P. flaveolaria, S. sordaria, Vsodos, four species, and
C verherata, duplicate species met with at Pontresina, and only one of these calls
for special remark : (Gnoplius =) Sciadion sordaria, Thnb. — One specimen only, so
utterly different from the var. mendicaria from Pontresina that I did not at first
recognise it as the same species. It is a fine, bright, sharply-marked ? , surpassing
in colour Zeller's best example, which is from Raibl.

The rest of the species were : — (*Acidalia ^^) Pijctis trilineaia, Scop, (aureu-
iiiria, SchifP.). — One specimen. This pretty little relative of P.Jlaveolaria, Hb.,
comes so near it in build, &c., that Dr. Chapman took it to be a striking var. thereof,
with strongly expressed ti-ansvei'se lines. 1 know nothing of the early stages of
cither species, but I am not aware of any grounds for challenging their specific right.

(*AcidaMa -=) ? Emmilti^ pwrochraria, F. R. — Two specimens.

(*Acidalia -^) Ptychopoda uwrnata, Haw. — One specimen.

(*Acidalia ■^) Leptorneris incanata, L. — One example.

(Qnophos =) Sciadion ohfuscaria, Hb. — Five <?, three $ , large and somewhat
variable, about the same range of variation as in a Perth series, but on the average
larger in size. On the whole nearer the dark var. canaria than the type.

1901.] 139

(Dasydia ^) Orpii,nc tenebrarin, Esp. — Two (J , two ? , typical.

{T hamnonoma =) Itame vauaria, L. — One, normal.

{OrthoUtha =) Plerocymia bi-pimctaria, ScliifE.— Two ? , rather darkly marked,
but without the darkened ground colour of ab. (jaclitarla, Frr.

Carda paludcda, Thnb., var. inihutata, Hb. — One, considerably larger than our
English form, but the differences do not otherwise strike me as being at all manifest.
There is, at any rate, no tendency to approach the Scandinavian type.

{Lygris -=) Eustroma populata, L. — One (? .

{Cidaria ==) Amcehe aptata, Hb. — One S •

{Cidaria =) Xanthorhoe fluctuatu, L. — One, pretty typical.

(Cidaria) verherata, Sc. — One.

(C.) frustata, Tr. — Two, worn (going " over ? ").

{Cidaria =) Epirrlioe galiata, Scliiff. -One, rather interesting form, somewhat
resembling the ab. cliahjbeata, of Hiibner, but the yellowish tinge in the ground
colour not quite so strong.

(Cidaria =) Perizoma niveata, Stph. (*alhulata, Schiff.). — Two, of the usual
continental type.

(Cidaria =) Anticlea herherata, Schiff. — One.

[n order to complete the lists, 1 ought to mention one specimen
of Hydrioinena furcata, Thnb. {Cidaria sordidafa, ¥h.), h'om Uavos,
August 2nd ; it is of the ordinary greenish form.

These samples seem sufficiently to indicate that the localities
named could very profitably be further worked for many of the alpine
and sub-alpine species ; they have made a very interesting and very
substantial addition to my collection thereof, and the comparison of
material from different localities is always a pleasant and profitable
line of study.

246, Richmond Road, Dalston, N.E. :
May, 1901.

HERMAPHRODITE HAWAIIAN ODYNERUS.
BY E. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

Amongst a fine series of a probably new Hawaiian Odynerus,
recently captured, one example proved to be a very well marked
hermaphrodite. In the main the left half of this insect is ^, both in
colour and structure, the right ? , but ^ characters partly extend on
to the latter half.

CHARACTERS OF COLORATION.
Left Side. Right Side.

Scape of antenna with a yellow spot Scape en tii-ely black ( $ char.).
(S char.).

140 [June,

Cljpeus yellow to middle line ( <J char.). Clvpeus black to middle line ( 7 char.).

Front tibia jellow above ( c? char.). Front tibia black, with two very minute

yellow dots (char, of some females
which often have the tibia entirely
black).

Middle and hind tibise yellow above Middle and hind tibite with yellow lines

( c? char.). above, but less yellow than on the

leftside ((? char., the + always having
these parts black).

CHARACTERS OF STRUCTURE,

Mandible small, of normal J structure. Mandible very large, of normal *;' struc-
ture.

Antenna 13-jointed, the two terminal Antenna with twelve simple joints, the

ones much modified to form a hook ; scape one-third longer than on the

scape short (normal (J antenna). left side (normal ? antenna).

Front tarsi a little more slender (cJ Front tarsi a little wider (¥ char.).

ciiar.).

Abdomen with seven ilorsal segments Sting normal, well developeil ( '+' char.).

(t? char.).

The develojjUK'iit of a seventh dorsal segment (the $ having but
six) in conjunction with the perfect development of the indrawn $
segments, which form the sting, is a remarkable character. This
seventh segment is not fully developed, but is asymmetrical, and
pointed, as if cut out of the normal ^J segment ; and it is curious
that it is formed as if the left side had been cut away, since it is the
left half of the insect which exhibits all the (^ structural characters.
Of the (^ indrawn segments forming the genital armature there was
no trace at all, nor yet of the testes, vesiculte, or ducts, 'i'he ovaries,
if present at all, were much less developed than is usual in mature
Hi/iiienojjtera, as I failed to iind these, but the poison gland was ab-
normally largely developed. Owing to the fact that the specimen
had been dead two days before it was examined, the study of the soft
parts was difficult and unsatisfactory. Hermaphrodite Aculeates are
certainly very rarely met with. During the past fifteen years I have
caught and examined not less than 20,000 examples of this group,
but only once previously met with an instance, the hermaj)hrodite
ant, >Sfe?iamma Wcstwoodi, described by me in this Magazine (Ent. Mo.
Mag., xxvii, p. 123).

Honolulu, H. 1. :

February, 19U1.

1901.] 141

HERMAPHRODITE SPECIMEN OF PODALIRTUS RETUSUS, L.
BV THE KEV. P. D. MOUICE, M.A.., F.E.S.

The recent work of v. Diilla Torre and Friese on " Hei'maphrodile
and Gynaiidromor[)hous Hyuicnoptera " (Innsbruck, 1899) contains 75
quoted and 5 new instances of this phenomenon. Two of these (viz.,
"■iB—AiitJiojjJiord retiisa, L.," and "' 4<i5—Anthophora (icervuruiii, L.")
are derived from notices by Smith and 8huckard, and tliese seem to
be the' only cases yet recorded of hermaphroditism in the geiius
Anthoj)hora, or, as it seems we should call it, Podalirius.

At a Meeting of the Entomological Society of London in October
last I exhibited a very curious hermaphrodite specimen of Podalirius
(= Anfhophora) refusus, L., which I had captured on April 2Gth,
1900, at Ottershaw, between Woking and Chertsey. The characters
of the two sexes are blended in it after a somewhat intricate faishion,
which it may be worth while to record in detail, as it differs a good
deal from that described in the specimens aboA'e mentioned. I give
also camera-! ucida sketches of the genitalia, which as will be seen are
very cui'ious. The other characters of the insect I do not figure, as
I hope to convey a sufficient idea of them by simple description.

The general external aspect of this insect is that of a female, but
it has the following male characters : —

Mead. — Left half of labrum, and left half of clypcus towards its apex, yellow,
and clothed with silvery hairs. A fulvous tuft between the ocelli and the insertion
of the left antenna, and a paler tuft below it (at the base of the clypeus), left half
of the head clothed posteriorly above with fulvous hairs, below, and along the
mandible (posteriorly) with wliite.

Thorax, &c. — Region sun-ouuding the right tegula clothed witli fulvous hairs.
Right intermediate leg with dilated and flabellated metatarsus (the character rather
less developed than in a normal g ) .

Abdomen. — Right half (nearly) of 2nd dorsal segment clothed with fulvous
hairs and with a paler apical fascia. A less distinct pale fascia on the following
segment.

Genitalia. — One stipes and one sagitta only present — the left (fig. 2). The
right half of the armature appears to be ? , con-
sisting of a distorted aculeus and its sheatiis

(fig. 1).

I can only find six exposed dorsal and ventral
segments on either side. The 5th dorsal has a
singular appearance, its apex being densely pilose
on the left ( ^ ) side and nearly naked on the
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. other. The 6th dorsal bears the usual pygidial

field. The 6th ventral seems to be divided longitudinally into two lobes, the right

142 [June,

((?) being impuiictate and shining towards its base, the left ( 9 ) pu"'-''"!'^"-' ^^^
over. Tlic apices of these two lobes arc separated by a triangular incision. That
on the right side is widely pale and niombranous externally ; that on the left seems
to be of one consistency throughout, and to have an a])ical fimbria of dense hairs
which is wanting in the other.

In extracting the genitalia 1 found vestiges of, as I believe, three concealed J
segments, viz. : — ■

(1) An apical dorsal segment, apparently identical in form with that of the
concealed (8th) dorsal in an ordinary ^ of the species.

(2) Tlie right half oidy of a 7tli ventral, so distorted ami stunted as to be
hardly recognisable, except by careful comparison with the corresponding part in an
ordinary male.

(3) The right half only of an 8th ventral. This (except that it is a half only)
seems normally constructed, and, I think, can be identified without doubt or diffi-
culty. The antenufB are both $ , twelve jointed, and with black scapes. The legs
also, except the right intermediate one, seem to be ? , and the posterior pair are
certainly such, with well developed scopffi of normal form and colour.

Thus, summing what has been said moi-e briefly, the ,^ characters in this speci-
men are confined to the /eft side in the head and genitalia, and to the rigid side in
the thorax, legs and abdominal segments. In the genitalia and in the head (except
as to the antenna?) male and female elements seem pretty equally balanced, and the
same may perhaps be said of the abdomen if we take into account both external
and internal characters. But in the thorax and legs the ? element very greatly
preponderates. And wherever the same character appears on both sides of the
specimen alike (e. g., the antennae, the scopsB, and the black pilosity on certain seg-
ments) that character is always ? •

The insect when taken seemed healthy and vigorous. It was visiting
flowers of some labiate plant, if I remember right, Nepeta glecliomu,
and its flight was just that of an ordinary female. Its curious parti-
coloured face caught my eye, otherwise I should have let it pass as a
female, for the other characters were too inconspicuous to attract
attention as it flew past me.

Brunswick, Woking :

March, 1901.

Note oil Athalia spinarum. — The frequency and distribution of AtJialia spinarum
is of 80 great an economic interest that all who can throw light on the subject should
contribute. Specimens were so abundant on the coast of Suffolk in July, 1859, that
they were mistaken for shinnncring heat ((/. Ent. Ann., I860, p. 91). Mr. W. H.
Tuck took a number at Southwold in September, 1899 {cf. Trans. Norf. Nat. Soc,
vii, p. 14). I have collected eight years in Suffolk and did not meet with it till
1900, when it occurred singly on Angelica si/Ivestrls flowers in Tuddenham Fen and
at Lackford Bridge in August.— Claude Morley, Ipswich : Ilay Isf, 1901.

1901.] 143

THE TYPES OF HEER'S FAUNA COLEOPTERORUM HELVETICA.

BY D. SIIAKP, JI.A., M.B., F R.S., &c.

Ill iSil the l.itc Professor (). Hcer publisiied ;i volume called
" Fauij.-i Coleopteroruiii belvetiea." This extended to the iirst half
of the Colcuptera, and the work was never completed, no second
volume having been added. Many new species were described, and
the novelties were chiefly in the more difficult groups. Heer's species
have never been thoroughly elucidated ; some of them still stand in
the European catalogues as mere names.

In the middle part of the nineteenth century M. de La])orte
Comte de Casteluau, formed by purchase, exchange, &c., a very large
collection of Coleoptera, and on leaving France for Australia he took
this collection with hiui. lie died about thirty years ago, and his
collections were then sent back to France lo be sold and were
entrusted to the well-known French entomological agent, M. IJenri
Ueyrolle. I went to Paris to see these collections, and purchased the
Staphylinidcc and Hydrophilidce. Included in my purchase there was
a considerable number of specimens which M. Deyrolle assured me
were the types of Heer's " Fauna helvetica." I have recently had
several enquiries addressed to me about these types and the degree of
authenticity that attaches to them, and I think it desirable to give
what information I can about them.

I learned, I think from M. Deyrolle, that Castelnau obtained
these specimens by the purchase of the collection of M. Chevrier, of
Geneva. Evidently Castelnau attached considerable im[)ortance to
these specimens. They were nearly all gummed on cards, and had
been floated off and gummed on to these cards by Castelnau. On the
[)in of each card was a label written in the straggling handwriting of
Castelnau of the following nature, "" planiuscula, Heer, Geneve."
The name of the genus was not mentioned on the label, but was left
to be inferred from the situation of the specimens in the collection.

In old days entomologists did not label their types as such, and I
have no means of knowing whether these " types " are the actual
specimens described by Heer. I have, however, no doubt that the
specimens formed part of the collection of Chevrier as I was informed
by M. Heyrolle. Heer commences his descriptions of new species by
writing sometimes " 0. litifjiosa, Chevrier," sometimes " O. litigiosa,
mihi." The Chevrierian species are mostly said by Heer to be
" Oenf. rarissime.'" Evidently Heer did not himself possess these
Chevrierian species, and it is highly probable that the specimens of

14-1< [June,

tlieiii in tlie Castelnau collection are actually Heer's type:-;, in the
modern and the only correct sense of the word type.

The series of ISwiss things reuionnted by Custelnau and labelled
by hiui are, however, far from being only the species that lleer speci-
ally assigned to Chevrier. The series includes, in fact, neai-ly a full
set of the new species described by lleer, and, moreover, is confined
to Heer's new species. Whether the specimens of the non-Chevrieriau
species were obtained by Chevrier from Heer, t)r whether they were
named by lleer, or whether Chevrier named them himself, 1 have not
the slightest idea. It is doubtful whether any one can give further
information on this subject, but perhaps some one can tell us what
cauie to Heer's own collection of Coleoptera.

I have previously stated that Castelnau remounted these speci-
mens, and I regret that I must add that he did so very badly indeed,
and that as a consequence it is necessary to again relax them and
take them off the cards before they can be, in many cases, satisfactorily
determined. This I have done in the ease of a number of the species,
and have labelled them " supposed types of Heer's ."

The families of Castelnau's collections purchased by me were
Stnphijlinidce, Hydropliilidce, Hcteroceridcc and Georyssidce. The
Carabidce and Dj/tiscidcB were purchased by Mr. Edwin Brown ; the
DytiscidcB being subsequently acquired from him by me, and the
C'a;v/i?Y/(f; being dispersed at the sale of Mr. Brown's collections. The
FseJapliidce were, I believe, acquired by M. liq,fEray (through Schau-
fuss?), and the LamcUicomia by M. van Lansberg. Many of Heer's
species have been determined from the descriptions to be only syno-
nyms for previously known species. Most of the published determi-
nations of this kind are, according to these " supposed types,"
correct, and this, of course, adds to the probability that the " supposed
types," are the real types.

Caiubi'idgc : January Wth, 1901.

SOME CRITICAL REMARKS ON VARIOUS SPECIES OF BMUCHU^.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

B. lutelcornis, 111. (1794), is the male of B. rujipes, Herbst
(1783) (= nubiJus, Boh.), and lUiger's name must be sunk as a
synonym. The colour of the antennjc and of the anterior and inter-
mediate legs in this insect is very variable, but the females always
have at least the six outer antennal joints black, and the males usually
bave the antennaa entirely rufo-testaceous. In both sexes the four

1901.] 145

anterior legs and the antenna? are occasionally almost entirely black ;
the tendency, however, i,s always for the male to have these parts more
lightly coloured than the female. The males may easily be identified
by the slightly curved intermediate tibiae, which are sinuous on the
inner edge and sharply bideutate at the inner apical angle. In the
series of specimens captured by myself at different times at Claygate
and Ashtead, Surrey, there are all the gradations in the colour of
the legs and antennae. Dr. Power's examples of B. rufipes from
" Surbiton " were also no doubt from Claygate. The only other
British localities from which I possess specimens are Guildford and
Hastings.

J5. vicice, Oliv., recorded as having been taken by Dr. Power at
Hurst and the Devil's Dyke, Brighton (whose specimens cannot now be
found in the Power collection at the British Museum), and by myself
on the chalk hills at Caterham, must be named B. Fahi'cei, G-yll., a variety
of B. ntomarius, Einn., from which it differs in the almost entirely
black legs and antennae. The two examples in my collection are both
females, and were captured on May 30th, 1876. The males of B.
ntomarius differ from those of B. rufipes in having the intermediate
tibipe armed Avith a sharp tooth at some distance before the apex, and
their inner apical angle acute. The true B. vicia? has the legs black,
the thorax shorter than that of B. afomarius, and the intermediate
tibiae of the male bidentate at the apex; it differs from B. rufipes in
its trapezoidal thorax. B. vicice is a more southern insect than B.
ntomarius, var. Fahrcei, and apparently does not occur in the north of
France or in Britain ; I have taken specimens of it at Vernet, in the
Eastern Pyrenees.

I^he introduced Br ucJi us found by Messrs. Wilkinson and Lawson
at Scarborough, and freely distributed by them under the name of B.
pectinicornis, Linn., is B. incarnatus, Boh., recorded from Egypt, Spain,
and Southern France. The true B. pectinicornis, also an introduced
species, has, I believe, recently been found by Mr. E. A. Waterhouse
near Putney, quite away from houses.

I am much indebted to M. Bedel, of Paris, for calling iny atten-
tion to the incorrect identification, &c., of these insects by British
Coleopterists, and also for examining some of my examples of the
above-mentioned species.

The sexual variation of B. rufipes was observed by me years ago,
but not recorded.

Horsell : May lOth, 1901.

146

[June,

PERLIDM TAKEN IN NORWAY IN JUNE AND JULY, 1900, WITH
REMARKS ON CERTAIN ARCTIC FORMS.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.K.S.

Referring to page 31 of the current voliinie, I now submit a list
of Perlidcp taken in Norway in June and July of last year.

The VerJidce of that country are by no means unknown. Sohciyon
seems to have collected them in some numbers and in many localities,
but our recent information as to Norwegian Perlidw is mainly the
result of the extensive and energetic collecting of Ilerr Embr. Strand,
whose materials have been worked out with care and accuracy in the
Veriiandlungen der K. K. zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, 1900, by Dr. Peter
Kempny, of G-utenstein.

Mv own captures comprise four species not included in Dr.
Kempny's list ; and I was also fortunate enough to find two of his
novelties. Some of ihe insects tal<en have suggested one or two
points connected with species from other Arctic localities.

DiCTYOPTERYX.

1. compncta, McL.

On tlip last (lay of our slnj at Folvstiipn, on tlio Dovrofjold, by tiirninir over
stonrs at the rapirl Foksaa, I found two oxaniples of a micropterons S Dicti/nptpri/x
(Ienp;th of fore-wing, 12 mm.). The condition of tlie insects is teneral,and th(M'pforp
not so satisfactory as is desirable with respect to colour, the characteristic markings
of till' head and pronotum being pale yellowish or whitish. On account of Ihe
somewliat unusual condition of the wings (microplerisni being much less frequent
in the 9 than in the S in PprJidrp) I was inclined to describe the insects as new
under the name donrenais. Further consideration of the subject leads me to doubt
the prudence of this course ; and I now believe that they represent a local form of
the species which T received long ago from Dr. John Sahlberg from the Kola penin-
sular, and which Mr. McLachlan tliougli( might be his compucta, an opinion I
agreed with after having seen the types.

The Kola insect (S micropterous, while the ty]jieal ^ has effective wings) has
(he lanceolate markings on the head much broader than is usual in Dictijopteryx.
The colour of the adult markings is rich orange, which in the <? has a very decided
tendency to cover the whole hind head, and to spread along the sutures and niai-gins

l^_____ ^ _. f of the liead and to the frons, which has a yellow

triangle. In the ? this colour does not spread
so much.

The anal parts of the Kola ^ are very com-
plicated, and I give a figure of them as seen from
above. Seen from beneath the last ventral plate
appears to be somewhat pointed, and this is
accentuated as a rule in drying ; further, in
•several examples the plate is continued by what
appears to be a yellowish, hardened, upturned

1901.] 147

process, which, however, is, I think, only a secretion (it is curious that it slioulcl
assume the same position and form in more than one example). There is also
sometimes visible a much exserted slender rod or sheath.

In the ? , tlie egg-valve is excised on its
exposed margin, leaving two prominent lobes
on either side ; the side margins are oblique,
and also slightly excised, giving rise to minor
lobes. These remarks are based on dried ex-
amples, prepared by boiling in caustic potash,
and subsequently mounted in balsam.

In the Dovrefjeld ? (in formalin) the
form of the egg-valve is practically the same, a slighty sharper outline being natural
in a specimen that has never been dry at all. It should be kept in view that the
excision of the egg-plate in this species is a real one, and not the result of a mere
curving of the plate, which frequently arises in drying (see figures).

Should this species really pi'ove different from compacta, the name dovreiisis
might be retained for it. I have little doubt the insect recorded at p. 30, Ent. Mo.
Mag., 2nd ser., vol. x, is the same, although it has full wings.

ISOGENUS.

2. nuhecitla, Newman. — One ? from the Grlommen at Saeterstoen appears to
belong to the lai'ge form, which in 1-ho nioantimc must be regarded as Newman's
species — quite different from the insect found so commonly about Scottish sub-alpine
lakes (the name I. rectus has been proposed by Kempny for the latter insect). It is
unfortunate that there should remain any doubt as to the true nuhecula of Newman,
which, he said, was abundant about running waters in Herefordshire, Worces-
tershire, Northamptonshire, &c. My efforts to obtain Isogenus from any of these
districts have been unsuccessful, although I owe Dr. John H. Wood, of Tarrington,
Ledbury, much for all the trouble he took to find the species without being able to
do so.

3. Nanseni, Kempny. — Several females taken at the River Laagen, near Domaas.
This species, which was not separated by me from the other forms when I ex-
amined a large collection sent from Finland by Sahlberg, is, I find, represented by
examples from Utsjoki, Finnish Lapland. The £ , as far as known, has effective
wings.

Chloropehla.

4. grammatica, Scop. — Lillehammcr and Molde.

5. Strandi, Kempny. — Lillchammer and Lesjeverk.

fi. griseipennis, Piclet. — -Common on the Grlommen at Sneterstoen. Certainly
the same as the species recorded by Kempny. I have not been able to compare my
specimens with moist material from the central parts of Europe.

ISOPTEBTX.

7. Burmeisteri, Pictet. — Two examples from Domaas.

Capnia.

8. nigra, Pictet. — Domaas.

9. atra, Morton. — Fokstuen and Domaas ; only $ of both species.

148 CJ""'^'

T.45NIOPTEKYX.

10. Rlsi, Morton. — Doiiiaas and Fokstuon, comnioii.

Leuctka.

11. alhidn, Kempny.— Domaas (? , a little doiihtfiil).

12. hippopus, Kempny. — Lcsjeverk.

Nemouiia.

13. variecjata, 01. — In many localities.

14. nvicularis, Morton — ? , Domaas (slightly donbtful).

15. cinerea, 01. (Morton). — Domaas.

1(). horeaUs, Morton. — Lillehammer, on the Mesna. I was very pleased tn
take this species ; it is closely allied to cinerea, but very distinct.

17. incon.ipicua, Pict. (Morton).— Domaas, Fokstuen, and Molde.

With reference to the term cinerea, two species at least have been confused under
this name: one has a curious arrangement of spines on the appendages, while the
other and more common form is devoid of the.sc. I hope this matter will shortly,
receive full explanation from Dr. Ris, who is at present engaged with this genus
The Norwegian species taken by me is the form witliout tlie spines.

13, Blackf.n-d Road, Edinburgh :
.1/arch 20th, 1901.

7V/e Insects of Northamptonshire. — Since the jjuhlication of my " Notes on the
Lepidoplera of Northamptonshire" (ante, pp. .5S— ^2), I have looked through the
collection of Mr. Wm. Hull, of Northampton. Mr. Hull has devoted himself,
maiidy, to the Cnleoptera, and the species of that Order, which he has collected in
the county, will be enumerated in the first volume for Northamptonshire, of "The
Victoria Histories of the Counties of England." In addition to the Coleoptera
Mi\ Hull appears to have collected, casually, near Northampton, species belonging
to other Orders ; and amongst the Orthoptera I noticed Locusta viridissima. Tlie
Neuroptera included, anio-igst other species, the following dragon-flies : — ^Eschna
cynnea, Libelliila quadrimncidata, L. depressa, Cnloptert/x splendens, Si/mpetrnm
strioJatiim, Pyrrhosoma nyniphula, Ayrion pulcheliinn, and A. puella. The Hy-
menoptera were represented by, amongst manj" other species, Bomhus terrestris, B.
lapidariu.t, Andrena fulva, I'espa viilgarix, V. crabro, Trichiosoma hicornm, and
Cimbex femorata. The Diptera were well represented, but I was only able to
identify QSstriis bovis, Tipula giyantea, Tachina grossa, and J'olucella pellucens.
Tlie Heiniptera included Pentatonia baccarum, Tropicoris rufipes, Reduvius per-
sonatas, and Cercopis sanguinolenta.

The collection was made within too limited an area, and is far too incomplete
to be considered as representative of the Insect Fauna of the county ; but as so
little is known of the Insects of Northamptonshire — the Coleoptera and Lepido-
plera excepted it is thought that, possibly, the record of these few species may not
be without interest to residents in, or visitors to, the county. — H. Goss, Surbiton
Hill : April, 1901.

Note on a form of Vanessa urticfE, L. — I have in my possession a somewhat
interesting variety of the above insect, which I netted a few years back in a subur-

1901.] 149

bail gai'den near Birmingham ; I observed at the time that the sijeciineu was not
exactly typical, and it has only been quite recently that I have examined it more
closely. Mr. G-. T. Bethune-Baker suggested to me that it was probably the variety
polarix* and upon comparing it with specimens in his collection I found it agreed,
fairly well with it. Mr. Barrett has subsequently informed nie lliat lie considers
the true polaris (as defined by Kane) to be that form in which the wings are very
dusky and the inner marginal spot completely joined by a black band to the costal
one ; my form has the dark borders to the wings more heavily pronounced than is
usual, and the band between the inner marginal and costal spots merely represented
by a dark tract of pigmental scales, which, however, are more [iruminently de-
veloped upon the inferior surface of the wings, and I think the insect may be looked
upon as intermediate between the constant northern form polaris and (he type.
Mr. Barrett has also informed me that it is by no means an uncommon variety in
Britain, and I thought it would bo worth while recording il, so that perhaps in
course of time some light might be thrown upon its distribution, if observers in
different parts of the country would pubiisli notes ujjon its occurrence in their own
districts. I might suggest that the variety is perhaps the result of the larva having
selected some unusual situation (damp or otherwise) wherein to pupate. An in-
teresting figure for comparison is that named var. ii in Newman. — A. D. Imms,
Lindhurst, Oxford Koad, Moseley, near Birmingham : April, I'JOl.

Melanism in Larentia multistrigaria. — Another Lepidopteron which seems to
be rapidly becoming melanic in this district is Larentia iiiultistrigaria. iSome six
years or so ago an odd black specimen occasionally occurred, and since then the
form has been found in gradually increasing numbers. Last month, from the 18tli
to 24th, short searches on two or three evenings by Mr. W. Tunstall and myself in
an old hilly meadow near this house produced about a dozen or more of the black
form, representing perhaps twenty per cent, of the specimens seen. It should be
added, however, that the form had occurred very long ago, because I distinctly re-
member the late Mr. James Varley, of this town, telling me, probably more than
thirty years ago, that the late Mr. Henry Doubleday had written that he had bred
a black mullistrigaria from a batch of eggs he (Varley) had sent him. Probably
the specimen still exists in the series in the Doubleday Collection in the Bethnal
Green Museum. — Geo. T. Pokkitt, C'rosland Hall, near tluddersficld : Mai/ I'Mk^

lyoi.

Note on Metzneria UUorella,DgL — The late S.Stevens' specimens of Metzneria
littorella appear, from the pinholes in his cabinet, to have been six in number. Of
these he gave one to me, one to Mr. Hodgkinson as correctly surmised by Mr.
Bankes, and a third (of which I do not know the present owner) to I think Mr.
Vaughan, who, as he did not attend to Tineina, would naturally give it away to
some one else. The remaining three were sold at Stevens' sale, and are now before
me exactly as they stood in his cabinet. Had Mr. Bankes' note been delayed any
longer in publication I could not have told how many specimens Mr. Stevens
actually possessed, but it just so happens to be the only drawer of his Micro cabinet

* Staudinger Cat., p. 16, 1871 ; also Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1861, p, 345.

150 (June,

whioli I hare not as yet repapered. The original specimens were taken iu April,
1848, and are su labelled. — Sydney Wkbb, 22, Waterloo Crescent, Dover: May
1st, 1901.

Aculeate llymenoptera at TIntagel, North Conitoall. — The following little list
of Aculeatcs, taken at Tintagel, North Cornwall, last July, although devoid of rarities,
uiaj be of interest as an addition to the lists of captures at Newquay, published in
former numbers of the Ent. Mo. Mag. Tintagel is a most charming spot, the hedge-
rows with their wealth of wild flowers and ferns are all that a lover of Nature can
wish for, but the soil is too rocky to make it an ideal hunting ground for the
Hymenopterist, as this list too plainly shows — the Neuropterist, on the other hand,
would be well repaid by a visit —the delightful little streams whicli everywhere
abound, with their marshy banks and valleys, being frequented by a greater variety
of species than I had ever before seen in England.

Formica fusca, Linn. Myrmica ruginodis, Nyl., scabrinodis, Nyl. Myrmosa
melauocephala, Fah. Fompilus yihbus, Fah., niyer, Vah, splssus, Schiudte. Hatius
exaJtatus, Fab., pusiflus, Schiodte. Ceropales tnaculatu, Eab. Tachytes pectinipes,
Linn. I'emphredon Shnckardi, Mor. Crabro elo»(jatuIus.,v. d. Jj., pal iiiipes, l^mw ,
oribrarius, Linn. Cerceris labiata, Fah. Goryles tumidus, Panz. Colletes jjici-
stigma, Thoms. Pi'osopis hyalinata, Smith. Sphecodes subquudralun, Smith.
Halictus leucozoiiiits, Sch., cylindricus, Fab., iSmealhmanelltts. Andrena Gwynunu,
Kirb., fiilvicrux, Kirb., coitana, Kirb., denticulatu, Kirb. Nomada soHdaginis,
Panz., Fabriciana, Ijinu. .JacobwcB, Panz. Mfigackile mar itiiiia, Kivh., centuticularis,
Linn. Usiiiiu fulvirentris, Panz. Castioxys acuminata, ]!ij\. tSletis aterrima, Panz.
Aidhidium mniiicatuni, Fab. Psithyrus campestris, Panz. liomhns LatreiUellus,
Kirb. As usual, I am indebted to Mr. Edward Sauntlers for kindly identifying my
captures. — G. A. James Kuthney, Pembury, Tudor Road, Upper Norwood :
March 3rd, 19(Jl.

TipulidcB in the IVest of Scotland : corrections. — Amalopis straminea, Mg., p.
114, line 7 from bottom, should read — "A. sp. ? (I submitted this as A. geniculata,
Mg., to Mr. Verrali, who says it stands in his collection as the probable A. straminea
of Walker.)" The authority fur JJi.ra maculala and Jj. nebulosa should read Mg.,
for Limnobia bifasciata, Schi'k., and for Ithyjiholophus pentagonalis, Lw. For
Dicranota parvida, Hal., p. 114, line 10 from bottom, read 1). pavida, Hal., and
for Fachyrrhina lunilicornis, Schum., p. 115, line o from top, read /'. Ivnulicornis,
Solium. — Robert Henbekson, It, Armadale Street, Grlasgow : May iith, 190L

Ceroplatu-i sesioide.t, If'h/bg. : correction of name. — In vol. ix (second series),
p. 276, of this Magazine, I recorded having taken two specimens of Ceroplatus
scsioides, Whlbg., at Lyndhurst on July 17th, 189J, and September 3rd, 1898, re-
spectively, and since the latter year have reported nine more captures in the same
district ; but on recently taking two specimens to Mr. Austen for the New Collection
of British Diptera, he informed me he had now come to the conclusion the name
must be altered to C. tipuloidex, Fab. — Fred. C. Adams, 50, .Ashley Gardens, S.W. :
May 3rd, 1901.

1911.] 151

VoJuceUa zonaria, Puda, in (he C/i/niiiel Ixl amis. ^ Amongst some insects
brought, back from Jersey last siiinmer by Mr. J. T. Fountain, of Birmini,'hani, was
a fine specimen of this handsome species. The species is one of the largest and
handsome.<!t of the Dipfem of tlie family of Sz/rphidce, and it is interesting to find
it in the Channel Islands, because, although not regarded as British, yet it was at-
one time regarded as such on account of two specimens in the collection of the
Entomological Club, which were said to have been taken in tlie New Forest. Mr.
G. H. Vermll, in his volume on the Syrphidce just published, refers to these speci-
mens, saying that he does not believe they really occurred there, and that they were
removed from their position amongst tlie British insects of that collection some
time ago. Tliere is no reason, however, why it should not occur in this country,
and tlie fact of its appearance in the Channel Islands adds to the probability of its
occurrence here.— Colbran J. Watnwrtght, Handsworth, Birmingham : May, 1001

Aporomyia dnbia, Fall., hi Sutton Park. -On May oth I found this little
Tachinid in the greatest abundance in Sutton Park ; it is always a common insect,
but I have never seen it in sueli abundance. Previously I have always found it
later in the season, at the end of 'Sla.y or beginning of June; on these occasions,
although I have taken a large number of specimens, on examination afterwards only
three or four males were found amongst them. On tliis occasion, however, sixteen
specimens brought home proved to be all males ; this rather points to the conclusion
that the males of this species always appear before the females, as is known to he
the case with other insects, notably Lycrena arqiolux, the males of wliicli happened
to be in abundance at the same time and place. The flies were settled upon grass
stems, dung, and the leaves of trees, many of them flying in the air and hovering
somewhat after the manner of the common Anthoinyids, a liabit which I have not
noticed in other Tachinids. — Id.

Note on Encephalus compUcans, Westw.— The extent to which the abdomen
of Brachelytra is carried in an elevated position varies quite unaccountably in
different genera. The majority hold it slightly raised from the surface upon wliicli
they are walking, about on a level with the thorax Some, such as Bledius,
Oxytelus, &c., appear to trail it after them upon the surface, almost in the manner
of Melo'e, ? . Others, such as Tachyu.ia, Myrmedonia and Falagria, habitually
carry it nearly at right angles to the head and thorax. All Brachelytra, I believe,
with of course the exception of the Froteiiiinu, &c., revolute their abdomen when
startled or annoyed ; those which do not do so — Omaliina among others — tuck in
their antennae and legs and feign death with rigidly extended abdomen.

Encephalus compUcans viould appear to be altogether unique in habitually
bearing its dorsally-concave abdomen recurved so far that the anus reaches— if it
does not actually touch — the anterior margin of the thorax. In this position the
resemblance of the insect to a small Agathidium is most striking, and is accentuated
by the short, slender legs, and slow, deliberate strides taken, which are very unlike
the swift glidings of its congeners. But when disturbed its similarity to an
Anisotomid is conapleted : the liead is pressed downward on the chest, the anteiinse
tucked away beneath the lateral margins of the thorax, legs retracted close to the

P 2

152 [-TiiTie,

sides, ami abiloiiion yet iwovc Linlitly rolled dorsally. IL forms avi almost perfect
sphere and falls to the ground, attempting no active defence, and its naturally slow
movements effectually precluding escape, except perhaps by flight. If this be
mimicry, wherefore is it? The integument of Encephalus is, we may assume,
nearly or quite as ehitinous as that of Clamhus, and the former probably possesBes
greater powers of exuding protective liquids. Truly is its name appropriate in
more than one sense !

I took E. compllcans in tufts in Suffolk on April 17th. This is its first recorded
capture in the county since that near Blakenham by Rev. William Kirby, F.R.S.,
recorded by Stephens. — Claude Morxey, Tpswieh : April, 1901.

BOTANIK UND ZOOLOGIE T\ OSTRRREICH IN DEX JaHRES, 1850 BIS 1900.

Festschrift herausgegeben von der k. k. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellscliaft in
Wien anliissich der Feier Hires fiinfzigjahrigen Bestandes. Mit 3S Tafeln (mostly
portraits) und 9 Abbildungen im Teste. Royal 8vo, pp. 620. Alfred Hiilder,
Wien. 1901.

It is a common practice with continental (especially teutonic) Societies to cele-
brate (heir Jubilee by the publication of a volume of original Memoirs. The bulky
volume .sent out by the very useful Society under notice is of a somewhat different
nature, anil is in fact a careful review of the work done in Austria during the fifty
years of the Society's existence, and an account of the workers. This latter part is
rendered of additional interest by the numerous full page portraits interleaved in
the text, giving us an idea of the personal appearance of the bearers of familiar
names. There is also an excellent account of the various museums in the
eoiuitry, with illustrations of most of them. From a detailed account of the history
of the .'^ociely (by ])r. C. Brunner v. Watlenwyl) it would appear that it originated
under the title of " Freunden der Natur " and " Freunde der Naturforschung," and
from these beginnings the Society as it now exists expanded. It is useless to go
here into exhaustive details ; these are sufficiently exhaustive in the book itself,
wliich owes mneh of its completeness to the energy of Dr. A. Handlirsch and Dr. R.
V. Wattstein, but the luuiiber of authors who have contributed towards the building
up of the work is great, and we must not omit Dr. K. W. v. Dalla Torre, who (infer
alia) supplies a complete list of works and papers on Botany and Zoology pub-
lished in the half century, and arranged chronologically to the number of 1200.
This Festschrift is invaluable as a book of reference, and reflects the greatest possible
credit upon all those who assisted in its production.

•List of British and Irish Spiders : by the Rev. Octavius Pickard-
Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., &c. Pp. 80, 8vo. Dorchester: Sime and Co., 19(10, and
from tJie author.

Although Spiders are not true Insects, they ai'e, or at any rate have been, gene-
rally considered as falling within the scope of Entomological publications, and most
araclmologists are, like the compiler of this List, entomologists also. Therefore, no
excuse seems necessary for iioticijiy- this List in our pat'es. Moreover, we are sure

1901.1 153

that inaiiy will welcome such a production, which might escape the notice of some
through being published at a local country town. Mr. Pickard-Canibridge is a
veteran in the field of araclmology, and one may be sure that any List compiled by
him is well done. The introductory notes mainly concern what has been done in
this country since the publication of the " Spiders of Dorset " in 1881. At the
present time the List enumerates 534 species contained in 1.53 genera. The
synonymy and bibliography are full. There is also a List of 31 species described by
Mr. Biftckwall, " of which tlie types are lost and genera uncertain."

^ocietic.5.

BiRMiNGnAM Entomological Society : Felrvary Aili, 1901.— Annual
Meeting.— Mr. C. Bradley in the Chair.

The Annual Report of the Council was read, showing an increased number of
Members in the Society and growing prosperity ; and the Treasurer presented his
Annual Statement, showing a small balance in hand.

Mr. G. T. Betlume-Baker was re-elected President, and Mr. H. Willoughby
Ellis was elected Vice-President for tlie ensuing year ; the remaining Officers being
as before.

The following were exhibited : — Mr. R. C. Bradley, Hiimenoptern of the genus
A7nmophila, three species, snhnlosa, hirsida, and rampestris, all from Bournemouth,
where all three species occurred together last August, the two former in abundance,
the latter less commonly. Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, rare Diptera taken in 1900 :
Oxycera pulchella from West Runton, Norfolk ; Dideafasciata and Melanostoma
hi/alinata from Wyre Forest. Mr. G. W. Wynn, a large series of T^punda lutn-
lenta, taken at sugar in Wyre Forest last autumn, they were very constant in
coloration, all being dark, but not black specimens. Mr. A. D. Inims, Acronycia
alni, bred from a pupa found under rotten palings between Hall Green and Solihull.
Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, a collection of Coleoptera taken in only three hours' col-
lecting in Bedfordshire at Christmas last ; the most noteworthy capture was Bagous
cylindrits, of which rare species he obtained three specimens. Agahus nehulosits
was present in thousands.

February IHth. — A meeting of a social character was held at the house of the
president, by the kind invitation of himself and Mrs. Bethune-Baker. The Members
attended in force, and a very enjoyable evening was spent in an examination of the
large collections of Palsearctic and other Lepidopfera, formed in part by the late
Dr. Jordan, and in part by Mr. Bethune-Baker himself.

March 18th, 1901.— Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a series of CaUimorpha Hera taken in Jersey last
year, also living larvae of the same He had found a batch of the eggs on a leaf
of ivy, and had succeeded in getting some of the larvae thus far through the winter,
and thej were now active. He referred to the habits of various hibernators in tlie
spring, and said that he had often seen the larvsB of Arctia Caia in the early spring
on posts, &c., in the sunshine, having apparently come up to sun themselves, and
they went down again as soon as the sun went in ; he had also seen the pupse of

154 [June,

Bomhf/.r ruhi poino up to the top oiul of tlu'ir eocooiif? in sunny woatlier, also
apparently to fi'cl the wdrmth of the sun. Mr. E. C. Bradley, Mutilla eiiro/uea
males and rnfipei females taken a( 15ournemouth last summer. Mr. C. J. Wain-
wright, various Hi/meiwptera, ineludins; a series of the Chrysid Cleptet palJipes
from WestRuiiton. Norfolk, and Osmia aiirulenfn, &c Jrom Selsley, Gloucestershire.
— CoLBR.^N J. Wainwright, IToii. Secretari/.

The Sottth London Entomological and Natural History Society:
Fehriiarfi 2Hf//, 1901.— Mr. H. S. Fremlin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. F. N. Clarke exhibited a specimen of Pieris rnpcn, which emerged indoors
on February 22nd. Mr. McArthur, an example of Arctia Caja with smoky hind-
wings ; it emerged in December, 1890, and was one of a third brood. Mr. Harrison,
a long and varied series of Luperina festacfia, from Wallasey, among them being
two examples of the var. nigresceiis. Mr. Edwards, pieces of chestnut branches
showing the ravages of the larvjE of Zeuzera pyrhut . a species doing considerable
damage at the present time in the London Parks and Squares. Mr. Main, a Mantis
from West Africa having large ocellaled markings on the fore-wings {Harpax ?).
Mr. Montgomery, a number of cages for rearing Lepidopfpra, to illustrate his
paper on " The Breeding of Lepidoptura" where he detailed his methods of
obtaining ova, of keeping young larvsp, of treating hibernating larvsp, and of keep-
ing pupse. A considerable discussion took place, several members giving their own
breeding experience and the methods they had found successful.

March Mfh. 1901.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Colthrup, a long series of females of Polt'ommnimt Irarus and P. hell-
arffus, most of which showed a considerable amount of the male coloration.
Several of the former were ]irettily splashed with while. They were all from
Eastbourne. Mv. Eoutledge, a moth which he supposed to be a male of ITi/-
drilla palustris. It was taken near Carlisle by Mr. Thwaites with a net while
sugaring on June 10th, 1890. Several members doubted its identity, but could not
tell what species it was. Mr. Harrison, a long species of Aplecta hehulosa from
Delamere Forest, including var. i?o7Aso«/, and a specimen o^ Xylophasia monoglypha
var. athiops, taken at the same time and place. Mr. Adkin, a long bred series of
Caradrina amhigua, which emerged in December, and read notes on the habits and
'food of the larvae. Mr. McArthur, preserved larvse of Abraxas grossularlaia, A.
uJma/a, and Pachnobm alpina, with a specimen of A. uhnata taken near Brighton
some fifty years ago. He stated that the species was not again taken in the district
till some sixteen years ago, when it was locally in some numbers. Mr. Kirkaldy,
specimens of the lantern flies Pi/rops candclariu.i and P. macii/a/us, and contributed
notes as to flicir protective resemblance to their surroundings. Mr. Burr called
attention to tln^ evasive habits of some British grasshoppers; large active males
would leap and fly, heavy fennles would burrow, while the smaller individuals
would run round the stems. M)'. Montgomery, a photograph of his larvfc- breeding
house. Mr. Manger, a large number of exotic dragon-flies.

Mrirrh 28l/i, 1001.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Sich exhibited specimens of Goniuduma /iiiio)iiella {auroguttella), and

1901.] 155

stated that tlie Isirva quits tlie case when about to pupate ; the following species of
the genus Coleophora : C. deaurateUa, C. Frltrhella, C. alcyonipennella, C. ochrea,
C. vibicel/a and C. sulicornice, of wliich the last named also quits the case to pupate ;
togcthei" with specimens of Oelechia lenehrella, which bears a close superficial
resemblance to C. alcyouipeiniella. Messrs. Harrison and Main, series of early
spring Geometers (akcn this jcar in Delamere and Epping Forests. Among them
was a specimen of Nyxxia hispidaria taken in the former place. Mr. West, of
Streatliam, pieces of amber containing Homopterous and Dipterous insects. Mr. R.
Adkin, specimens of Acherontia Atropos bred from larvae taken in Iluntingdonsliire,
and read notes on the forcing of the species, especially calling attention to the
internal appearance of the pupte which failed to emerge. A discussion ensued, and
various other methods of forcing were described. Mr. Montgomery, a larva of
Charaxes Jasius sent to him fi-om Cannes, with a Oordiusv/ovm which had extruded
from it. Mr. Bishoj) read a paper, " The Natural History of the Guildford
District."

April Uth, 1901.— Tlic President in the Chair.

Mr. Carpenter exhibited a large number of specimens of Pieris napi bred from
one batch of ova. Half the specimens had emerged in June and early July,
while the remainder the following April and May. The former were very uniform,
the latter were very variable in the female specimens. He also showed a long series
of bred ^lelitcra aurinia from Penarth and Carlisle. Mr. Mc Arthur, bright and
well-marked specimens of Plntella annulatella from the Orkneys. Mr. Frendin, a
number of specimens of Lepidoptera and other insects taken during a short trip to
Canada in 1900, and read notes. Mr. Lucas, the species of Odonata taken by Mr.
Premlin at the same time, including species of the genera Si^mpetrnm, Libellnla,
Gompkus, JSseJiim and Agrion. — H. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : April 3rd, 1901. — Mr. Chakleij G.
Barrett, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Albert Piffard, of Felden, Boxmoor, Herts., and Mr. P. Lathy, of Lyndon
Villa, Sydney Road, Enfield, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Goss read a letter from the Right Hon. Charles Ritchie, Secretary of State
for the Home Department, conveying the King's thanks for the loyal address of the
Society on the occasion of the lamented death of Her Late Majesty Queen Victoria.
The Rev. A. E. Eaton sent for exhibition on behalf of Mr. Halford a ? sub-imago of a
species of Jiphemeridce of the genus Ephemera, received from Central Africa without
more precise indication of locality, the first report of the observation of the genus in
Africa. Mr. McLachlan remarked that Ephemera occurred in cold, Alpine or
temperate regions, and that this example probably inhabited the mountains at a
considerable altitude. Dr. Chapman exhibited c\xses oi Liiffia ferchauUella from
Cannes, and a spider found on the same rocks, the interest of the specimens being in
the fact that the spider when at rest has almost precisely the same form and coloration
as the cases of the moth. Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper entitled, " An
Enumeration of the Heteroptera {Rhynchoia) collected by Leonardo Fea in Burma
and its vicinity." — li. Goss and H. Rowland-Brown, Hon, iSecreiaries.

156 [June, 1901.

COLEOPTERA FOUND AROUND JERUSALEM.
BY A. II. SWINTON, F.K S.

Beetles appear to |)ai'ade in greater numbers at Jaffa than at
Jerusalem. Jaffa, when the waves course in to break with a musical
murmur along their heaped-up ridges of Pectaucidus shells, and softly
foam on the harder concreted blocks, is a paradise for the Nimrod who
can trudge along the loose sand and brave the spring-tide glare on its
low dunes; sprinkled over with the Silene succulenta, Trifullum pulce-
sfhmin, and glandular Ononis nntrix ; and now and again diversified
with the blue calyces of the Stalice sinuata, and the bluer terminal
leaves of the Salvia hormium. Among the stunted vines and scattered
sea gi'ass, a Graphijdera with white spots, or an jErodius, is running
nimbly ; a Fimelia is sauntering slowly ; afar on the camel track
leading onward to Caesarea, an Onilis with a sea-green thorax, a ball-
rolling Atciichus, or a Clivina are busy ; nor are the inland hillocks,
perfumed with the orange Howers, and decked with the pink Linuvi
picbescens, and yellow Linn /n //all icniii, without their tiger beetle. On
the bare Jerusalem downs Coleoptera are certainly rather plentiful in
the spring, and they linger on in the furrows ; but when the mildew
withers the roses, and the drought of the dog-days burns the grass
yellow, they nearly all vanish. The following is a list of those 1
met with at Jerusalem in the summer of 1896, with appended notices
of others known to occur there. For the names 1 am very much
indebted to the kindness of the liev. H. 8. Gorham.

GEODEPHAGA.

Nehria llemprichi, Khig, Api'il. Found by the Rev. F. A. Walker under
stones, noticed by Dr. Festa also at Es-Salt, Djeracli, and on Hermon.

Notiophilus subitriatus, Waterh., March. Found also by Dr. Festa at JJekfeia.
It is spread over Europe and extends to England.

Broscus lavlgatus, Dej. Extends to Egypt and Tunis.

Aristus punctatissimus, Baudi, March and August. A small species, found also
by Dr. Festa at Djerach.

Ditomus longipennis, Chaud., March. It extends to Tillis, Persia, and near
Jerusalem is less in size, according to Signor Baudi, than in the Lebanon. JD.
robiistus, Dej. Found likewise in Corfu.

Harpahis seriatus, Chaud., var. Caiphiis. It extends to the Caucasus.

Calathtts distinffueiidus, Chaud., var. syriacus, March, May, June. Common
on the waste garden ground among tlie llt/pericum cri.tpuiii and Lactiica Sc<triUa,
and on the rubbish heap where the date stones are sprouting into little plaintaiu-like
palms. It is found on the Taurus, and in Cilicia C. mefanocephdhts, L., March
and June. Found by Dr. Festa also at Madeba and Lake Huleh. It is spread
over Europe, and extends to England.

July, 1901]. 157

B/ccki-u.s- i//abra/us,l)u{\., M:v,-ch. It is spread over Europe, and extends to
England.

BRACIIELYTRA.

Oxiftelus sculptural us, Grav., Mai-eli. Found by Dr. Festa likewise at Es-Salt ;

it extends to England.

NECROPHAGA.

Choleva fiisca, Panz., March. Extends to the north of Europe.

Brachypterus Aheillei, Tourn., March.

Meligethes rutundk-ollis, Bris., March. It extends to the south of France and
England.

Dermestes vtt/pinns, F., July 2nd. A number on the carcass of a Pariah, dog.
It is found in luirope, Asia, Africa, and America.

Attagenus hifasciatus, Rossi, May 19tli. It extends to Italy.

HISTERID^.

Hister, s\>. ? A minute species.

LAMELLICORNES.

Ateuchus sacer, L. Noticed at Jaffa in April, and found lying dead on the
Mount of Olives in summer, when beetles were scarce. It is found around the
Mediterranean, and extends to Ceylon.

Gt/mnopleurus mopsus, Pallas, April to Juno. Connnon on the tracks of the
camels that were bringing building stones from Betiilehera to the suburbs. It is
found around the Mediterranean. G. Jicigellatns, Fab., June. On camel tracks
near Solomon's pools south of Bethlehem. It is found around the Mediterranean,
and extends to Bokhai"a.

ISisyphus Sckafferi, L., May and June. Around Jerusalem on " stercore hu-
mane," in which it dives and swims with its long and sprawling hind-legs.

Copris hispanus, L., May 23rd. In a vertical hole in the ground under the
dung of an ass. Dr. Festa found it at Es-Salt, and it is common around the
Mediterranean and ]31ack Sea.

Onthophagus mundus, May to July. Around Jerusalem and Bethlehem. O.
alejipensis, Redt. O. nnchicornis, Tu., May and July. Extends to England. O.
amyntas, Oliv., April to July. With the above it extends over Southern Europe,
and is found in Persia. 0. oryx, Fabr., May 23rd. With the above ; it extends to
India and Java.

Amphicoma vulpes, Fab., var. psHotrichia, Waltl. The Rev. F. A. Walker
mentions that he found this beetle in the Valley of Jehoshaphat, and between Jaffa
and Jerusalem ; it extends to Persia. A. hyrax, Truqui, August 5th. On the
flowers of a thistle. A. papaveris, Sturm, August 3rd and 5th. On the flowers of
a thistle, which is strange. In the spring on the sandy isthmus of Corinth, A. vul-
pes clusters, bee-like, around the calyces of the purple poppies and scarlet anemones.

Anisoplia Jlavipennis, Br., May 23rd. Found in Southern Europe and Asia
Minor.

Oxythyrea cinctella, .Schaum, March to May. Came to the dog-roses in the
garden ; it extends to Southern and Central Eui'ope. O. sfictica I found at Jaffa.

Tropinota sqnalida, L., August 5th. On flowers ; Dr. Festa noticed it at

Jaffa and Mar Saba ; it extends around the Mediterranean.

Q

158 [J'^iy.

Cetonia inoiio, Fab., May and June. Passe.s the morning gnawing the growing
tops o( a. glohe tlnstlo, Ji^chhwjjs viscu-fits ; it. is common in Southern lCurol)l^ C.
lihaiii, Gr. and P., April. C. affinis, And., June 13th. Found in tlio south of
Europe and Asia Elinor. C. JousseUni, G. and P., May and June. Specimens with
the thorax more or less rosy ; like our English rose-beetle, it delighted in a row of
dog-roses that were in bloom in May, and which afterwards were covered with fungus.

Onmodermn eremila, L. It extends to Europe.

P.UPRESTID^E.

Chalcophora sti(jinafica, var. qnadriiwt<tlf(, Klug, May to July. Flew among
the fruit trees, and preferred to settle on the foliage of the almond ; it extends to
Turkey and Persia.

Capnodis cariosa, Pall., July 27th. With a malformation of the head and
one eye only, recalling the tale of the cyclops ; it ilew to the almond tree ; extends
to Italy, Greece, and Russia. C. iniliaris, Klug, May to August. Flew among
the fruit trees, and preferred to settle on the foliage of the almond ; Dr. Festa
noticed it at Tripoli, in Syria ; it extends to Persia.

Steraspis Ubaiiica, May 23rd. When settled on the almond tree this bright
green beetle presents the same contrast to the preceding, which appear as if they
were coated with tar, tliat Cetonia Jousse/ini does to C. morio, which seems as though
it were stained with ink.

Acmceudera, sp. ?, June 21st. Thorax brassy ; elytra brown, with an anterior
lateral and posterior dorsal yellow line.

MALACODERMATA.

Lampyris aniiqua, Br., June 2Stli. Flew to light. I heard talk of glow-
worms on the moorland, but did not notice their light.

Rhagonycha straminea, Kies., April to July. Flew about an eldci' bush beside
the garden wall. At Jaffa I noticed Telephorus lividiis among the purple-flowered
ISinapis and Vicia sativa in the fields, which in places were aglow with poppies and
pheasant's eye, and in company with it Mahtchius marginellus.

Melyris, sp. ?, July 20th. A blue-green beetle with reddish legs and abdomen,
that clustered on the purple globe thistle, Echinops viscosus, when it came into
flower, in company with the light red Zygia rostrata, with which it appeared iden-
tical, until the longer snout of the latter was revealed by the raagnifying-glass.
Mr. Gorham thinks that the two kinds are distinct, and that it is not a question of
a blue and red variety of Z. rostrata.

Trichodes -ii-guttatus, Ad., June 'Jth. In the fields.

Necrobia rtifipes, L)e G., July. Said to frequent old bones which have accu-
mulated around the walls of Jerusalem since the days of Abraham ; it is found in
England, Africa, &c.

HETEROMERA.

Zophosis orieutalis, Deyr., May to August. This, and its congeners, run quickly
over the sandy soil, and herein they present a contrast to sonie of the following,
bulky, slow-crawling species ; while in shape they resemble one of the aquatic beetles,
suggesting that their proper habitat is the water side.

Erodius Uejeani, Sol. Found likewise in Mesopotamia.

luoi.] 159

Adesmia anlhracina, King, March and April. Also at Mar Saba. A. procera,
Mill., A. clathrata, Sol., June and Jul_y. This last-nuMitioned beetle, which has been
likened to a Brazil nut, is often met sauntering along the hot gullies that lie on
the east and south of Jerusalem, on the site of the Potter's Field, King's Garden,
and pool of Siloam, or in the dry chalky furrow of the Kedron.

Tentyria Saiilcyi, Eeiche, March to July. Also at Jericho and Es-Salt. T.
laticullh, Kr., April. Noticed by the Rev. F. A. Walker at Jerusalem ; Dr. Festa
met with it at Jericho and Mar Sabo. T. coUatina, Reiche.

Blaps indagator, Reiche, May and June. On June 16th I noticed newly
emerged individuals crawling under tlie monastery wall on the Hill of Evil Council.
B. gages, L. Kxamples sent me by Miss Fitzjohn.

Fime/la bajula, Klug, May to June. Crawls about the old cisterns at Bethany ;
found by Dr. Festa at Es-Salt. 1'. derasa, Klug, May. Found likewise in Egypt.
P. aculeata, Klug, May. In the Jerusalem corn fields, and on the Jaffa sand hills.

Ocnera philistina, Reiche, March. Found also by Dr. Festa at Jaffa. O.
kispida, Forskal. Noticed by the Rev. F. A. Walker ; Dr. Festa found it in Mar
Saba and Alexandria ; sometimes seen crushed on the roadway.

Akis, sp. ?, June 23rd. A small species.

Uendarits pauper, Muls., March. Noticed by Dr. Festa. D. crassiusciilus,
Muls., March. Found by Dr. Festa also at Es-Salt.

Tenehrio obscurus, Fabr., June. In kitchens, as in Europe and probably
North America.

Opatrum, sp. ?, June. A small species, vsry common on the sandy soil.

Omophlus lepiuroide.1, Fabr., May. Extends to Europe.

J/e/oe iuccius, Rossi, April. Extends over the south of Europe and Asia
Minor.

Cantharis diniidiatipes, Reiche, March. Dr. Festa found it also at Dejrach
and in the Anti-Lebanon.

Mylabris angulata, Klug. In a flowery furrow leading to the Kedi'on ; found
likewise at Alexandria and Tunis.

Zonabris bimaculata, Klug, March. Also noticed by Dr. Festa at Jericho.

Lydus pallidicollis, Gryll. On barley ears at harvest time in June, and on the
thistle heads in August. The elytra of this species vary in colour from brownish-
ochreous to black, with a brownish-yellow patch at the base.

Halosimus syriacus, L., May and August.

Nematognatha chrysomelina, Fab., July.

RHYNCHOPHORA.

Ciomi.s olens, Ch. I found the larva feeding on Moth-Mullein, Verbascum
tripolitanum, on the summit of the Frank Mountain at Bethlehem at the end of
July, and when seized it exuded a blood-red drop. In captivity it spun a pale
brown, oval case, with raised dots, from which the beetle emerged on August 11th
by pushing off the end ; it extends to Europe.

Brachycerus plicatun, Gyll., March. Noticed by Dr. Festa.

Hypera cypris, Capiom., March. Noticed by Dr. Festa. H. punctata, Fab.,
July 20th. Noticed also by Dr. Festa at Beyrout ; it extends to England.

160 f"^"^^'

LONGICORNES.

Priuiius Lefebvrei, M. Its larvir, as iiiiglit nefiu, inhabit the ulivi- stuni])s tlie
cainels bring round to the kitcliens for firo wood.

Hylotrupes bajulus, L. I have obtained several specimens of tliis beetle.

Cerambyx cerdo, L., June IGth. Flying among the olives in front of the
Russian buildings ; it extends to Europe, and is very common on the banks of the
Po, in Italy.

Phytixc'm humeralix, Rodt., May. This little longieorn, whicli stridulates on
seizure, extends to Turkey.

PHYTOPHAGA.

Criocerls melanopa, L., March. Found also by Ur. Festa at Mar Saba. I
found another species of a chestnut coloui' on July 2nd, which I tliink extends to
Northern India.

Lahidostomis taxicornis, Fabr., Juno 2nd. On the branches of the garden
pepper tree, Schinus molle.

Coptocephala scopolhta, L., August 22nd.

PSEUDOTRIMERA.

CoccinelJa l-punctata, L., April to June. In the fields at Jaft'a and Jerusalem,
and fond of resting on the ears of corn.

Vineyard, Totnes, Devon.

TRICHOPTERA, PLANIPENNIA, AND PSEUDO-NEUROPTEliA

COLLECTED BY DR. T. A. CHAPMAN AND MR. G. C. CHAMPION

IN THE UPPER AND LOWER ENGADINE IN JULY, 11)00.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAX, F.R.S., <fec.

During their stay at Pontresina (Upper Engadine) and Guarda
(Lower Engadine) in 1900 Dr. Chapman and Mr. Champion collected
a not inconsiderable number of '"""Ncivroptcra^' which they kindly gave
me. Their enumeration may serve as an item in local knowledge of
the Swiss Fauna [a few species from outside the limits mentioned
above are enclosed in square brackets].

In this Magazine, vol. xvii, pp. 217 — 222, I gave an account of
the species collected by myself at Pontresina and neighbourhood in
August, ISSO. As the results of the labours of a specialist the
number of species there enumerated is considerably greater, nevei'-
theless, some species are included in the present List from the same
quarter that were not found by mo. I am not aware of the publica-
tion of any ])rovious List from Guarda.

TRICHOPTERA.

PllKVaANKIDyH.

\_Phryganea striata, L. : — 1 $ , Davos, G. C. C.].

19U1.] 161

LlMNOPHILID^.

Liiiiiiophifu.'s rhombicu-s, L. :— 1 ? , Guarda, T. A. C, of tlic rather pronounced

form occurring at high alpine and higli northern localities. L. flavicurnii, F. : —

I ? , G-uardii, G-. C. C, very heavily marked with black. L. extrieatus, McLach. : —

1 ? , Guarda, J". A. C.

Asynarchus evenosus Curt., var. arctictts, Kol. : — Pontresina, G-. C. C.

Stenophtf/ax piciconiis, Pict. : —Pontresina, G. C. C. [Jatipennis, Curt. : —

Davos, t? , G. C. C. ; Hagatz, ? , G. C. C. ; both slightly doubtful].

Halesus ruficollis, Pict. .-—Pontresina, G. C. C.

Metanaea flavipennis, Pict. :— Pontresina, T. A. C, G. C. C. ; Guarda, G. C. C. ;
[Davos, G. C. C.].

Dru.tus discolor, Rbr. :— Pontresina, T. A. C. ; Guarda, G. C. C. D. chryso-

tun, Rbr. : Pontresina, T. A. C. ; Guarda, G. C. C. TJ. mehtnchates, McLach. : —

Pontresina, T. A. C, G. C. C. D. nigrescens, M.-D. :— Pontresina, G. C. C. ;

Guarda, T. A. C.

Potamorites higuttatus, Pict. : Guarda, G. C. C.

Sericostomatid^.

Silo nigricornis, Brauer : —Pontresina, T. A. C, G. C. C.
Lithax iiiger. Hag. : — Pontresina and Guarda, G. C. C.

HTDROPSTCHIDiE.

Plectrocnemia comspersa, Curt. : — Guarda, G. C. C.

EHTACOPIIILIDiE.

Rhyacophila vulgaris, Pict. : — Pontresina [and Davos], G. C. C.
PLANIPENNIA.

SIALIDJ3.

Sialis httaria, L. :— Pontresina, G. C. C. ; Guarda, T. A. C.

Rhaphidiics:.

Rkaphidia flavipes, Stein : — Guai'da, G. C. C.

Panorpid.??.

Panorpa vulgaris, Imhoff : — Guarda [and Davos], G. C. C. No opinion is liere
expressed as to the specific validity of the form or otherwise.

Chrysopidj^.

Chrysopa perla, L. : — Pontresina, T. A. C. ; Guarda, G. C. C, in abundance.

-Ch. prasina, Burm. {aspersa,Yfe%m.) : — Guarda, G. C. G. Ch. renfralis,

Curt. :— Guarda, G. C. C. Ch. vulgaris, Schneid. : — Guarda, G. C. C.

Hemerobiid.*;.

Megalomus hirtiis, L. : — Guarda, G. C. C, very common ; Pontresina, one
T. A. C.

Hemerohius nervosus, F. : — Pontresina, G. C. C. H. 3iortoni, McLach. : —

Pontresina, T. A. C. and G. C. C. ; Guarda, G. C. C. — —H. nitidulus, F. : — Guarda,

T. A. C. ; Pontresina, G. C. C. H. pini, Steph. : — Guarda, G. C. C, one. H.

atrifrons, McLach. : — Guarda and Pontresina, T. A. C. and G. C. C. H. concin-

niis, Steph., var. 4-fasciatns, Eeuter : — Guarda and Pontresina, G. C. C. ; Pontre-
sina, T. A. C.

1G2 [J"iy.

Perlid^. PSEUDO-NEUEOPTEEA.

Dictyopteryx intricata, Fict. : — Poiitresina, Gr. C. C, very large and dark.

D. alpina, Pict. :— G-uai'da, Pontresina [Davos], G. C. C, many examples of large
size and very strongly marked. — — D. fontiiim, Eis : — Gruarda [Davos and Eagatz],
Gr. C. C. I had this species (not then recognised) in view when I penned my
remarks on D. alpina in Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii, p. 221.

Chloroperla rlvulorum, Pict. : — Pontresina, Guarda [Davos], G. C. C.

Isopteryx moiitaua, Piet. :— Pontresina, G. C. C. [tripunctata, Scop. : —

Davos, G. C. C]

Tanioptert/x nef/lecla, Albarda : — Pontresina and Guarda, very common, G. C.
C, all females.

Also some undetermined Nemoitrce and Leuctrcv.
Ephemeridje.

Cloeon dipterum, L. : — Pontresina, T. A. C, subimago.

\_Rhithrogena semicolorata, Curt. :^Davos, G. C. C.].

IScdyurus veno.ius, F. : — Pontresina, G. C. C, T. A. C. These examples are of
unusually large size, and wore no doubt from the intensely cold Lac St. Moritz, at
which lake I found the same form in abundance in 1880.
Odonata.

Sympetrum striolatnni, V. d. L. : — Guarda, G. C. C. S. ffnpeo/um, L. : —

Guarda, very common, G. C. C.

l^Jischna vyayiea, Miiller : — Eagatz, G. C. C.].

Lestes drya.s, Kby. (iii/mpha, Selys) : — Guarda, G. C. C. L. harhara, V. d.

L. : Guarda, G. C. C.

Lewisham, London : May, 1901.

A NEW SPECIES OP TRICHOPTERA FEOM SWITZEELAND.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.

Early in April, 1899, Dr. Chapman collected a few Trichoptera at
Locarno (Ticino) which he kindly gave to me. Amongst them was a
single (J of a Drusus- that appeared to be new. Thinking it might be
known to Dr. Ris, but undescribed, I submitted the example to him,
be did not know it, and agreed with me that it represented a new
species ; he also kindly sup])lied the accompanying drawings.

Drusus Chapmani, n. sp.

Belongs to the group of black species represented by D. Mnelleri, McLachlan,
D. nigrescens, Meyer-Diir, and D. me/ancJiafes, McLachlan ; most allied to D.
MueUeri.

Body black, neck with golden hairs. Antennae black. Legs blackish, but with
close fine golden pubescence, giving them a golden sheen. Anterior wings black when
fresh, but soon fading to leaden-grey, without any small pale points, but with a
conspicuous white spot at the thyridium and another at the arculus ; neuration
black. Posterior wings grey, darker towards the apex, and with darker fringes;

1901 ]

163

/

luniration blackisli.

A)ipciidages formed

much after the same

plan as in D.Muelleri ,

bnt differing tliere-

froni. Superior ap-
pendages much dih\-

ted at tlie base if

viewed laterally, and

then narrowed into

a short finger-shaped
pi'ocess, which is turned down ; this process is
much shorter than in Z). Muelleri. Intermediate
appendages not very clear, apparently short, broad, approximate, and curved
upwards. Inferior appendages somewhat as in D. Muelleri, but broader and less
widely divergent.

Length of body, 9 mm. Expanse of wings, 26 mm.

Rah. : Switzerland (Locarno), April (Jtli, 1899, one ^ i^>'- ^- ^•
Cliapman) in my collection.

It would be useless to draw a comparison witli the other black
species {nigrescens and meJanchcetes'), because these differ' widely in
their anal structure, whereas with Muelleri there is apparently real
affinity and at the same time quite sufficient specific differences.
Amongst other species there is slight analogy with D. alpinus.

It may be that D. OJinpmani is an early species ; few entomolo-
gists have begun alpine collecting so soon as the first week in April ;
and it may also be that it is peculiar to the warm trans-alpine district
in Switzerland and the adjoining parts of North Italy.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Fig. 1, apex of abdomen of c? from above (not quite even).
Fig. 2, same from side.

Lewisham, London :

June 9th, 1901.

NOTES ON CERTAIN PAL.EARCTIC SPECIES OP THE GENUS
HEMER0BIU8: H. CONCINNUS, AND ITS var. QUADRIFASCIATUS.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

Some time ago, when working in conjunction with Mr. McLachlan
on the genus Hemerobms, 1 had occasion to examine niinutely //.
concinnus and its so-called var. quadrifasciatus. The latter form,
although very abundantly different in facies from the typical con-
cinnus, had remained without a distinctive name until 1S9-1', when
Reuter applied to it the term (£uuclrifasciatus.

164 fJ"^y'

AVhcn lookinrr at the two insects to2;ether, the conviction was
irresistible that one had to do with two perfectly good species.
The case, however, apparently presented analogy to the pini-afrifrons
diiBculty, inasmuch as the external aspect of the appendages of the ^
seemed to be similar in both forms. But it differed in this way : in
the constituents of the pini-atrifrons group, as regards general appear-
ance, there was a blending of the forms which, as Mr. McLachlan
pointed out, left one in a state of uncertainty as to the true loca-
tion of certain specimens ; while between H. concinnus and quadri-
fasriatus no specimen that could reasonably be regarded as transitional
had ever come under my observation. I am aware that at least one of
my colleagues (Prof. Klapalek) considers that through the apparently
blending forms of H.pini and H. atrifrons a subtle line can be drawn,
but so far this line forms no image on my retina. His opinion, how-
ever, is worthy of full consideration.

But whether //. pini and H. atrifrons are distinct species or no,
they are sufTiciently near to each other to prevent any surprise at the
close resemblance which exists in the appendages of the two. On the
other hand, H. conchiniiti and qnadrifasciatiis are so different looking
that the great similarity in these parts is rather remarkable. How-
ever, as far as the ratlier restricted available material of the latter
form allows a decision, one fine point of distinction exists, and the
primary object of the present notes is to draw the attention of
observers to this character. For my own part, even with the small
amount of material under review, I am satisfied that the two forms
are distinct species.

Renter's diagnoses (in Swedish) may be rendered thus : —
H. CONCINNUS, Stephens.

Fore-wings oehreons-yellow or brownish-yellow, with darker markings about
the gradate nervules and small spots along the outer and inner margins, besides
often angulated shadings about the nervures. Body uniformly ochreous-yellow or
brownish-yellow, sometimes with the sides of the thorax and face blackish-brown.

H. QTJADRiFASCiATUS, Eeuter.

Fore-wings pale grey, with brownish-grey spots along the margins and angulated
markings about the nervures ; also four nearly unbroken brownish-grey transverse
bands at about equal distances from each other, the first running over the furcation
of the cubitus and the origin of the second radial sector, and the last over the outer
row of gradate nervules. Face pitchy-brown, thorax in the middle yellowish, on the
sides pitchy-brown. Abdomen brownish.

As Renter states, quadrifasciatus recalls //. nervosus, and I have
received it under the latter name. The transverse bands vary and are
not always very complete. The general aspect of concinnus is
yellowish, as opposed to the grey of quadrifasciatus.

1901.]

165

The male appendages in both forms are l)roa(l and jioiiited, witli a
hirge backward-directed tooth on the lower edj^e, the inner margin of

this tooth being regularly serrate. The tooth is not always visible
from the side ; theoretically it is the lower branch of the furcate form
of appendage which prevails in the genus.

Viewing the apex of the abdomen of the (J from above, a small
inner process can as a rule be seen, and it is the form of the apex
of this process which affords tlie distinctive (diaracter. In concinnus
the process is furcate ; in qitndrifhsclntus it is simple and pointed.

I have already remarked elsewiiere that observations in the field
are wanting as to whether the two forms occur together, or, as a rule,
separately. 8uch observations wonld be interesting, and I am confi-
dent they would, on the whole, tend to confirm the views here

expressed.

EXPLANATION OF FIQURES.

1. Apex of abdonien of (J of H. concinnus, from side.

2. Tooth of appendage (more enlarged) ; latero-ventral view.

3. Apex of inner process.

4. Apex of inner process of //. quadrlfasciatus.

5. Apex of abdomen of ? U- concinnus, from side.

13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh :
May, 1901.

HEMEROBIUS LONGIFRONS, Walker, IS NOT TO BE INCLUDRD
IN THE EUROPEAN FAUNA.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.8., &c.

So long ago as 1867 (Jonrn. Linn. Society of London, Zoology,
vol. ix, p. 272) I published a statement to the effect that liemerohius
Jonqifrons, "Walker (Cat. Neurop. Brit. Mus., Pt. ii, p. 291), of which
the type is from Hudson's Bay, was also found in Europe, and gave

16G f'^^^y-

several localities for it in the Alps of Central Europe, and also a re-
description drawn up (diietly frt)ui Euro|)ean examples. On llie
strength of this, '• H. loiu/ifrona, Wlk.," has found its way into
European Lists, but erroneously. Although I think 1 have, probably
on more than one occasion, alluded to the eri'or, no formal correction
of it has been made.

I now state that, although undoubtedly allied, the North American
insect is not, in my opinion, specifically identical with the European.

This latter is what is known as II. concinnus, Steph., var. (/aadr/-
fasciafus, Eeuter, concerning which my friend Mr. Morton has just
written an article. Since my paper of 1S67 was published this insect
has ])roved wide-spread in Europe and even in Britain. Mr. Morton's
Views favour the idea that it is specifically distinct from H. con-
cinnus, and he is probably right ; according to my own observations,
the two foru)s appear to keep isolated, and without any very evident
intermediate conditions. I have about 1') examples of cjuadrifascintus
from very varied localities,

T am glad to iiave an o[)p()rtunity of bringing this matter more

promimnitly forward.

Levvishani, Loncloti :

June 2nd, 1901.

C(ELIOXYS MA\DIBULARIS, Nyl., AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH
LIST OF ACULEATES.

BY AVILLOUGHBT GAKDNER, F.L.S.

The sand hills fringing the coast at Wallasey in Cheshire have
long been famous as entomological collecting ground ; with their
luxuriant antl vai'icd flora thej are prolific in many uncommon forms
of insect life, and they have in course of years furnished such note-
worthy additions to our British insect fauna as Biston zonarin, ^c/inlia
rufa, and Collefcs cunicularin. Though now sadly deteriorated, from
a naturalist's point of view, by golf clubs, summer camps, etc., their
entomological treasures are apparently not yet exhausted, and they
have now the honour of adding another bee to our British list.

AVhile collecting material for a new Aculeate- 1 lymenopterous
fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire, the writer had submitted to him a
small box of bees collected locally by Mr. Fredk. Birch, Joint Hon.
Sec. of the Lane, and Ches. Ent. Soc. ; this contained an unrecognisa-
ble speciuien of a female Coelioxys, which has since been indentified,
with his usual kindness, by Mr. Edward Saunders as C. mandihulnris,
Nyl., a species new to Britain. Mr. Birch informs me that he cap-

inoi.] 167

tured the insect at Wallasey in the month of July last year; it was
niniiinuf up and down a wooden ])ost, [H'obably sean-hing for a burrow
of some Meqachile or Osmia in which to deposit its eggs.

Mr. Saunders is kindly contributii.g a specific dcscri|)tion of the
bee in a separate note.

Reform Club, Liverpool :

June \2th, 1901.

CCELIOXYS MANDIBULARIS, Nyl.

Notis. Saells. Faun. Flor. Feiin. Fort., i, p. 2.')2, T. 3, fig. 13.

Br EDWARD SAUNDERS, P.L.S., V.-P.E.S.

Mr. Gax'dner has asked me to draw up a short account of the
distinguishing characters of this interesting addition to our fauna,
which, I hope, now that attention has been called to it, will be found
in other parts of the country. Tt superficially resembles the other
species so closely that it may have occurred frequently without being
noticed. Small females with triangular white hair spots on the sides
of the abdomen should be carefully examined as to the form of the
mandibles.

Thi.s species closely resembles C. eloni/ata, Lep., and C. acuminata, Nyl., but as
a rule it is slightly smaller than either of these. The ealearia, however, are black
in both sexes, and in the $ the second abdominal segment above the lateral trans-
verse fovea is densely clothed with velvety pubescence. The fifth ventral segment is
formed as in elongata, i.e., without any central emargination. The 9 may be dis-
tinguished from any of our species by the form of the mandibles; these are
produced into a distinct angle near the centre on their anterior side, just above the
base of the apical groove ; the mandibles are densely clothed with hairs and con-
sequently the angle is easily overlooked. To see it fully the insect should be
turned on its back and the mandibles examined from behind, when it appears most
conspicuously; besides this, the black ealearia, the widely interrupted abdominal bands
which form triangular lateral spots, the rather less remote puncturation, the nar-
rower apical ventral valve, which has less distinct lateral teeth, and the narrowly
interrupted ventral bands ai'e apparently constant characters.

Length, 8 — 10 mm. (the British specimen only measures 8 m.in., but it is
probably unusually small, as my Continental examples are all larger).

This appears to be a somewhat scarce species everywhere. Friese
(Die Bienen Europa's, i, p. 06) records it from Central Europe,
Sweden, Petersburg, Helendorf (Caucasus). T have specimens from
Switzerland, and both sexes from Ritsema labelled " Bloemdaal, June
25th, IS77, Echium vidgare.'''' Its host, I believe, is not known, and
anv information on this i)oint would be of great interest.

St. Ann's, Woking :

Jitiie nth, 1901.

168 [July,

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN EESPERIAD.'E.
Br E. MEYIUCK, U.A., F.Z.S.

Tn Watson's revision of o;eiiei'a of the Hesperiadce (Proc. Zool.
See. Lond., 1893, pp. o — 132) several Australian genera are indicated,
allied to Telesfo, whicli I regard as insufficiently grounded and not
truly separable from tliat genus, being based on differences of antennal
structure which are only comparative and vary specifically (and even
to some extent individually). Motasinr/hd, Wats , HesperUla, Hew.,
and Pathisin(/]ia, Wats, (beside others indicated as distinct, but not
named), ni-e thus in my judgment untenable. The following genus,
liowever, iippears lo be truly distinct, bolh structurallv and su|)ei'fici-
ally.
Mesodina, )/. g.

Club of antpiina^ clong.ito, ])oint.e(l, bent. Palpi obliqunly asrc-iidiiifT, teriviiiial
joint very sliort. Posterior libia; without middle spur.i. Fore-wings in ^ without
stigma ; vein 5 parallel to 4 and 6, slightly nearer to f! at base. Ilind-wings with
vein 5 obsolete.

Nearly allied to Trapezites and TeJcsto, but differing from both
in the absence of the middle s|)urs of the posterior 1ibia>. Type, M.
liali/zit), Hew. liesides tht^ fyj"" 1 know only the following new
species : —
M. jELtjropis, n. sp.

g 36 inm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous. Fore-wings rather
elongate-triangular, eosta subsinuate, ternien gentl}' rountled, sliglitlj oblique ; dark
brown, becoming dark fuscous towards costa, with some yellowi^i hairs anteriorly
on dorsal half; a ti-apczoidal light oehreous-yellowish blotch occui^jing posterior
end of cell, broadest beneath ; a transverse angular light oehreous-yellowish bloteli
between veins 2 — 4, cut by vein 3, its upper angle nearly touching lower angle of
]ireeeding blotch ; three very obscurely indicated i)ale yellowish dots placed in a
straight transverse series between veins 6 — 9, slightly nearer cell than apes : cilia
fuscous, basal half darker. Hind-wings with (ernien strongly ruundcti ; dark brown,
slightly coppery-tinged, especially in disc ; hairs in disc yellow ; an undefined spot
of scattered yellowish scales in disc beyond cell. Fore-wings beneath fuscous,
becoming dark fuscous in disc, sprinkled with pale greyish scales towards upper half
of termen ; discal blotches as above, but rest of cell filled with deep yellow. Hind-
wings beneath fuscous, densely irrorated with whitish-grey ; thfc absence of irrora-
tion forms a postmedian series of tlu'ee obscure roundish spots between veins
16—4..

Katoomba (in the Blue Mountains), New South Wales, in
November ; one specimen received from Mi-. G. Lyell.

Elmsvvood, Marlborough :
Jtine, 1901.

1901.] 1(39

REDISCOVERY OF LOXOPERA DEAURANA, Peye., WITH A
NOTE ON ITS LIFE-HISTORY.

BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.,
With Notes by J. HARTLEY DUHRANT, F.E.S.

'I'liis spring (March) T thought it might be worth while to ex-
amine, on the lie 8te. Marguerite at Cannes, the dead stems of
Siiii/n/,iiiiJi ohixatrum (which is ahnost more abundant there than the
giant fennel), for larvjo of Loxopera. The question was, were there
any, and if so, were they franc ill o nana as in the fennel or another
s|)ecies. The stems duly yielded Loxopera larva), but much less freely
than the fennel ; frequently, indeed, stems occurred without any. It
is difficult to say how many a stem contains, without completely
chopping it up. I should say, however, that six or eight to a stem
was the average of tenanted ones, and a score probably an outside
number, as against 20 to 100, or possibly even more, that practically
every fennel plant contained. Of course it must be remembered that
the Snujrnlwm stem is not so large as that of the fennel, and is more-
over hollow. Could one carry off a few faggots of the stems no
doubt any number of moths might be bred ; I took only a few selected
pocket samples, some of which have yielded nothing, one produced
five moths. These Mr. Durrant informs me are L. deaurana, Peyr.
They emerged usually about 6 — 7 a.m. at various dates from April
29th to May 15th, at which date no L. francUlonana, kept in the same
room, had appeared. This earlier appearance would roughly corres-
pond with the earlier date of flowering of the Alexanders than of the
Fennel. The dates are of course not necessarily those of the species
when at home, which would probably be rather earlier. The evidence
of the stems I cut up was clearly that the larvae entered the stem
when full grown, having previously no doubt lived in the seeds. It
affords an ichneumon very like the Clielonus inanitus which preys on
L. francillonana, and is, I believe, the same species.

Betula, Reigate : May, 1901.

[When Lord Walsingham published his paper on Loxopera fran-
cillonana, F., and its allies [Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV, 70—6, PI. II
(1898)] we were unacquainted with Gochylis deaurana, Peyr. I be-
lieve this species has not been taken since Peyerimhoff captured a
single specimen on the lie Ste. Marguerite before 1877, Milliere ^
doubtless referred to the same specimen when he quoted in inverted
commas, " Un ex. pris au reflecteur pres de Cannes." Dr. Chapman
is to be congratulated on the I'cdiscovcry of this species and the
identification of its larva, for although Eagouot made the following

170 • [July,

note under francilhina in hi.s dwn copy of Staudinger's Catalog,
" Smi/f)iium oluiiafrmn, Dauciis caro/f/, Fpruhi )i.odiiloi'a. Mill ," neither
Milliere nor Ragonot aj)pears to liiive publi died the observation.

IGiS. Loxoi'EUA DEAUKANA, Peyr.

Cuchylis deaurana, Peyr., Pet. Nouv. Ent., II, lUl (1877).! Cuck/^lis deaura-
tnna, Mill., Nat. Sic, V, 70 (1885). 2 Lozopera ? deaurana, Stgr. ami Rbl. Cat. Lp.
Pal., II, 94, No. 1()48 (1901).:^

" 17 millim. Du groupo de Fraud I la int. Sup. jaune dc ciiivrc (oii rouge
jaunatre), luisant et brillaut ; extreme marge et frange jaune soufre. Deux minces
bandes transverses obliques, pcralleles au bord externe (commc cliez Francillana,
F., Eryngiaiia, V. Heyd., etc.) ; mais a I'iiiversc de ces especes, la bande basilairc
est intacte, la marginaie est largenient interrompue.

Un exeinplaire pris en avril a I'ile Sainte Marguerite, pres
Cannes" [Peyr. i].

Type [?Mus. Paris].

Rab. : S. France. He Ste. Marguerite (Cannes). J>arva in
stems Smyrnkwi oJusatriim, III (Chapman). Imago IV ^ excl. 29,
IV— 15. V. 1901 (Chapman).

Loxopera deaurana, Peyr., would appear to be most nearly allied
to ferrur/inea, Wlsm., both species have pale ochreous cilia, and the
fore-wings suffused with orauge-ochreous. Some years since I deter-
mined as a possible variety of deaurana a specimen \_^ (812S) Mus.
Wlsm.] received from Milliere as francillana, with which it agreed in
colour, but the outer band was broken as described by Peyerimhoff.
Dr. Chapman has most generously presented his series of deaurana to
Lord Walsingham, and with 22 specimens before me I can see no
tendency to assume the coloration oifrancillonana.

It is possible that this specimen represents yet another species,
and 1 shall hope shortly to make drawings of the genitalia of the
species of Loxopera yet unfigured.

1G4S (1). Loxopera ferruginea, Wlsm.

Loxopera ferruginea, Wlsm., Ann. and Mag. N. H. (7, s.), VI,
444—5, No. 862 (3), (1900). ^ Conchylis femiqinea, Stgr. and Kbl.
Cat. Lp. Pal., II, 260, No. 1758 ''^ (hujus generis?), (1901).2

Hah.: Asiatic Turkey — //.-iizr^ — Shar Devesy.^

Loxopera ferruyinea having veins 7 and 8 of the fore-wings
stalked, 7 to costa ; and o and 4 of the hind-wings remote at origin
agrees with the type of Loxopera, to which genus it was referred by
Lord AV'^alsiugham, and its suggested removal to Phalonia, Hb.
(= Cochylis, Tr.),is erroneous. — Jno. Hartley Burrant, June llth,
1901].

1901.] 171

Sprinf) notes from South Devon. — In A]5ril,iii the country about Seaton, Devon,
queen wasps {J'e-ipa vulyaris, $ ) were very numerous; but now, in the niiddle of
June, wasps are scarce. I'anessa lo has been abundant this spring, in Devon and
Dorset. 7'. urlica is the only other species that lias thus I'ar been visible, and this
in fewer numbers. — A. E. Eai\i>', Woodhiiids, yeaton, Devon : Jane I'lth, 1901.

Melopius clentatus, Fab., lived from Bomhyjc querctls. — I have much pleasure in
recording that Mr. Edwin C. H. Davies, St. Issej, bred Metopius dentatus from
liouibi/x qiierciis this spring, the exact date not known, he having found it in his
breeding cage on June (Jtli. — Gr. C. JJignell, Saltasli : June 10th, 1901.

Odontaus mobilicornis, Fabr., at IVoklng. — A male of this species was captured
here on the evening of May 28th by one of my boys, who found it flying amongst
grass close to the ground.* The evening was very sultry, and threatening a
storm ; many other beetles being also on the wing at the time, as Trox scaber,
Hedobia imperialis, Melolontha vulgaris, &c. It will be remembered that Dr. Sharp
found an example of the Odontaus here on May 13th, 1894, when in my company. f
— G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking: June 15ih, 1901.

Uryophilus pusillus, Gyll., at llelsby, Cheshire. — On June 1st, 1901, I took
tliis species freely in a wood on the south side of Helsby Hill, Cheshire. The wood
is planted chiefly with Scotch fir, but thei'c are a few oaks and spruce firs. The
species occurred only by beating the spruce firs, none being found on the Scotch
firs. I obtained a total of 155 specimens, 66 being males, and 89 females. — J.
Hakold Bailey, 128, Broad Street, Pendleton : June 6th, 1901.

Licinus depressus, Fayk., in North Staffordshire. — In July, 1886, I took a
pair of this species, male and female, under a stone at the foot of Bunster, a hill
at the entrance to Dovedale, on tlie Staffordshire side of the Eiver Dove. So far
as I am aware, this species has not been recorded as occurring in Staffordshire. — Id.

Aspidiotus articiilatns, Morgan, in Costa Rica. — Dr. F. Noack has just sent me
examples of this species, found on leaves of coffee in Costa Rica. It is worth men-
tioning, being the first Coccid reported from that country ; in the long list which I
published lately in the Biologia Cenlrali-Americana, there is not one Costa Rica
record.— T. D. A. Cockekeil, East Las Vegas, N. M., U. S. A. : May, 1901.

Vanessa Antiopa, S^'c., in the Isle of Wight. — As I was descending a ravine
between St. Catherine's Point and Blackgang, a specimen of V. Antiopa rose up
from a swampy place by the side of a stream. 1 was so taken aback by the sight of
it that I made no attempt to " net " it until too late.

I am glad to be able to report that Melitcea Cinxia is more plentiful than it
has been — in my experience — for the last twenty-seven yeai's. I have taken two
remarkable and beautiful varieties of the male.— H. Goss, Ventnor : May 30th,
1901.

* A second specimen, a female, was caught by myself in the same place on June 21st.
t Ent. Mo. Mag., xxx, p. 103.

172

iJuly,

Papilio Mackaoii, L., taken in Hampxhire — On May 25t]i last I caught a
specimen of this butterfly feasting on lilac blossom in my garden at Fern Cot-
tage, Lyndhurst. On first catching sight of it 1 thought I must be dreaming,
but having my small net for Diplera with me the matter was soon placed beyond a
doubt, and the insect consigned to the killing bottle. It has since struck me,
however, that so local a butterfly could hardly have strayed so far from its usual
home in the Cambridgeshire Pons without human intervention, and I should like
to know if any one lost or purposely turned out any specimens about the da(.e
mentioned. The one taken has all the appearance of having just emerged from the
chrysalis. — Fred. C. Adams, .50, Ashley Gardens, S.W. : Jane, 1901.

[This opens up an interesting question. Casual specimens taken far outside
the limits of the distribution of the species in this country are always justly open to
the suspicion of being accidental or intentional escapes. But last year (1900) there
were evidences that to our mind sustained the idea of a small sporadic immigration,
although the butterfly is not geiiei'ally supposed to be migratory. So many speci-
mens were taken, and scattered over so largo an area, that we can olT r no other
explanation. — Eds.].

Staudingee (O.) and Rebel (H.). " Catai-og dek Lkpidopteiien des

PALAEABCTISCHEN FaUNENGEBIETES. DkiTTE AuFLAGE DE.S CATALOGKS DER

Lepidopteben des Europaischen Faunengebietes." 8vo. liEULiN (Fried-
lander und Sohn). V, 1901.

I. Portrait of Staudinger, pp. XXX + (2) + 411 ; II. pp. (1) + 3(58.

Heft. I. Staudinger and Rebel— PapilioniDjE — Hepialiu.k [Fannlics, 39 ;
subfamilies, 17; genera, 764; species, 4744]. Heft. II. Rebel — Pvhalid^ —
MiCROPTERYGlD^ [Families, 18 ; subfamilies, 42 ; genera, 483 ; species, 1782].

In the following comparison of the three editions the species in the Addenda
have been included, and the totals given in round numbers. Following the plan of
the Catalog itself, the Pyralidte are included in the Micro-Lepidopfera.

aENERA.

Macros ...
Micros . . .

1861.

Increase.

1871.

Increase.

1901.

388
217

+ 27 =
+ 99 =

415
316

+ 349 =
+ 167 =

764
483

Totals ...

605

+ 126 =

731

+ 616 =

1247

SPECIES.

Macros ...
Micros . . .

1861.

Increase.

1871.

Increase.

1901.

2600
2710

+ 250 =
+ 510 =

2850
3220

' +1900=
: +1740=

4750
4960

Totals ...

5310

+ 760 =

6070

! +3640=

9710

1901.] ]73

The alteration in title from " europaischen " to " palaearctischen " Faunenge-
bietes is verj largely the cause of the great increase in the totals of the present
edition. The actual number of species added to the limited European Catalogue
could only be ascertained after much calculation, but a considerable proportion of
the additions appear to be extra-European species.

A Review of this work cannot be undertaken without long and cai'eful study,
but from a merely cursory examination the general impression is that the scheme of
classification adopted is a great improvement on that of the second edition. Many
references included in that edition are now omitted, e. g., " Stt., I. B.," is frequently
eliminated, probably from considerations of space, but these omissions will prevent
us from accepting the new edition as a substitute for the second, which for this
reason cannot be regarded as obsolete. One very tiresome omission, common to
both editions, is the failure to cite the authority for sinking a name as a synonym —
such references are certainly of equal importance with the citation of the synonyms
themselves. The adoption of index numbers would have rendered it possible to
give such information without largely increasing the letter-press, and would liave
saved younger students much unnecessary research, while all would have been glad
to have found such references in the new edition. The date 1818 adopted for
Hiibner's Verzeichniss in Part II is incorrect, no signature containing llicros could
have appeared before 1822, probably not until 1826. The printing does not stand
out so clearly and so black as in the second edition, owing to the more glossy surface
of the paper, and the Indexes will be very trying to those who have not good sight ;
it is to be regretted that they are printed in smaller type than in the second edition.

All students of the Lepidoptera are greatly indebted to the late Dr. Staudinger
and to Dr. Rebel for the immense amount of work represented by this Catalog*
which, whatever faults it may be found to possess, cannot fail to be of the greatest
assistance in systematic and other work, and it will be regretted by all that Dr.
Staudinger did not live to receive the congratulations which we are now only able
to offer to his collaborator.

Particular attention should be directed to the Addenda and Corrigenda {II,
pp. 249 — 266), for even now it is not known to every one that there were very im-
portant corrections and additions on pp. 422 — 426 of the second edition.

It is to be hoped that all new species and genera will be numbered in accord-
ance with the new Catalog, to enable their location with facility. — John Haetley
DURRANT : June Sth, 1901.

©bituarn.

Alexandre Condant. — As briefly announced on the cover of our last No., M.
Constant died suddenly on May 13th at his residence, Villa Niobe, Golfe Juan,
near Cannes in France. He was 72 years old. He came of a family hailing
from the Burgundy District of France, and for many years was in business in the
important town of Autun (Saone et Loire) as a banker, as was, we think, also his
father before him. Autun is not in a wine growing district, but some miles away he
possessed an extensive vineyard, where we first made his acquaintance in the year
1874, working after the fashion of an ordinary labourer, in blouse and sabots.
A few days later we proceeded to Autun, and the richly wooded and well watered

E

174 tJ^'iy'

Ticiiiitj of that town, added eutouiologically to tho liospitality vouchsafed to one who
had no further introduction tlian a formal letter from a mutual friend. A few years
later he retired from business, and he spent the rest of his life at his villa at Golfe
Juan, devoting himself cntii'ely to Entomology and Horticulture, and he became, to
use the words of a well known visitor to Cannes, the chief entomological attraction
of that place. Personally he was thin, wiry, and robust, and a keen mountaineer as
we proved during a visit with him to the Alps of Dauphine in 1875, on which occa-
sion he forced the writer of this notice, although much his junior, to " climb down "
very considerably. He explored Dauphine on several occasions, and he also visited
Corsica and other localities, always finding novelties, which were mostly introduced
in the publications of the "Annales de la Societe Entomologiquc de France,"
which Society he joined in 1854. Essentially he was a Lepidopterist, and especially
a Micro-Lepidopterist, possessed of wide knowledge of liabits and a keen eye for
differences, and he was in active correspondence with most of the European workers
in the same line. (It is possible that a colleague of the writer, who knew him
more intimately as a Lepidopterist, may supplement these few words by a more
extended notice). He appears to have commenced writing on entomology so
long ago as 1855. Outside his papers on novelties in Lepidoptera, and notes on
liabits, &c. (always valuable), his principal publication was probably tlie " Catalogue
des Lepidopteres du departement de Saone et Loire " (Autun, 1866), which extended
to 368 pp., and was naturally very much more than a mere list of names. He was
essentially a field naturalist, and delighted in assisting other entomologists whose
opportunities for outdoor work were not equal to his, but who had greater facilities
fi'om a literary point of view. When the late M. Ragonot finally settled in Paris,
he soon made the acquaintance of M. Constant, to the certain advantage of both.
— E. McL.

BiHMINGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL tJOCIETY : Ajjvil 15fh, 1901.— Mr. G. T.

Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. C. Bradley showed a few Lepidoptera taken last year, including Colias
Edusa, Apilates citraria, &c., from Bournemouth, and Catocala nupta from
Swanage. Mr. S. W. Wynn, a series of Callimorjyha Hera taken by Mr. E. A.
Rogers near Dawlish, ranging from yellow through intermediates to red forms ; also
a series of Spilosovia lubricipeda var. radiata bred from ova received from Mr. W.
Tunstall, of Huddersfield. Mr. J. T. Fountain, a number of insects taken by him-
self in Jersey last summer, including Colias Edusa var. Helice, very fine large
Satyrus Semele, Asilus crabroniformis and T'olucella zonaria, the latter being
a very fine large Syrphid not yet known as British. Mr. A. D. Imms, various
Lepidoptera, including PoUa fiavicincta from Northampton, where he had
found it very abundant at sugar, and SpJdnx convo/vu/i from Moseley. Mr. G. T.
Bethune-Baker, Vanessa urticcp, with all its geographical forms or races, including
vars. ichnusa and pohtris, &c., also specimens of Colias Editsa, showing a purple
gloss on their wings for comparison. Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, the following
Diptera : the two British species of Sepedon — sphegeus from Sutton Park, and
spinipes from Chalford, Gloucestershire, and three species of Limnea, marginata

1001.] 175

from St. Ives, Cornwall and West Hide, Herefordshire, rufifrons from West Hide
and West Eunton, Norfolk, luiguicornis from West Ruuton and Sutton Park, in the
latter of which localities it is very common. Mr. A. H. Martineau, the six species
of the heloola group of the genus Andrena : apicata, Smith ; lapponica, Zett. ;
helvola, L. ; amhigua, Vevkms; fucat a, Smith, and ««>'»«».?, Rossi. They are all
veri/ closely allied to one another, and he pointed out the slight differences which
distinguished them.

Maif 20th, 1901.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a nice series of Cirrhcedia rerampelina, the greater
part bred from Yorkshire larvae, a few from Derbyshire, and one taken on the
Worcestershire side of Birmingham. He also showed Emmelesia alhuJata from
Knowle, and Tceniocampa populeti from near Birmingliam. Mr. R. C. Bradley, a
series of Chrysis ignita from various localities, Sutton, Wyre Forest, &c., also a few
of the much rarer C. Riiddii, from Moseley (one), and near Stroud, Glos. (two).
Mr. G. T. Bethuue-Baker, a number of Hymenoptera collected by the late Dr.
R. C. R. Jordan. Amongst other interesting things were two Bomlms Smithianvs
from Shetland, received from Smith himself. Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, a few
Oncomyia atra, from West Runton, Norfolk ; also a few of a smaller insect which
he said answered in every vray to 0. pusilJa, but he doubted the distinctness, as
all the characters seemed to be inconstant, and the size alone seemed insufficient to
separate them. 'J hese latter were from West Runtou, Bournemouth, and near
Stroud, Glos. — Colbran J. Wainwright, Hoi}. Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: March Wth. — Mr,
R. Wilding, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. F. R. Dixon-Nuttall opened the meeting by giving the Society a most
cordial welcome to St. Helen's. Mr. Wilding, in his opening address, said he
thought that the new departure of holding occasional meetings in other towns than
Liverpool would be conducive to the life and well-being of the Society. The Rev.
R. Freeman began his paper by exhibiting and explaining a coloured map drawn by
himself, showing the district which the St. Helen's naturalists are working — a
district of five miles' radius around the town, which comprises woodlands, hills,
mosses, marshes, and pastures. From his own particular section of Simonswood he
recorded 180 species of Macro-Lepidoptera. The most interesting of these are
Coenonympha davus, Notodonta dictcBoides, Acronycta leporina, A. menyanthidis,
A. alnt, Mameatra anceps, Hadena glauca, Heliodes arbtiti, and Carsia imbuiata.
The most abundant species is Cymatophorn duplaris, whose larvae occur in thou-
sands on the birch trees. Mr. F. C. Thompson gave his experience of the Knowsley
district, which is rich in old woods, mosses, lakes and pond-holes. On the whole,
the species are the same as at Simonswood, with the addition of Agrotis puta, Noctua
triangidum, Dianthcecia capsiiicola, Epione apiciaria, and Ennomos erosaria. Mr.
Alfred Jackson read an interesting account of his doings in the Bold district. He
stated that he had taken the eggs, larvae, pupa and imagines of Odonestis potatoria
in a single hour. He also described with what delight he had captured his first
specimens of Colias Edusa, an insect he had thought would never have visited this
district of smoke. He told an amusing story of a policeman who, attracted by his

R 3

176 [July.

lantern, became infected with the entomological fever, and chased O. xamhucata
with his hehnet, and tliereafter becoming a zealous collector. Ur. J. Cotton read
notes on the Eccleston district, and described the sight which may be seen on a
favourable August night at Eccleston Mere of thousands of Xanthian {X. cerago,
silago and ferrnginea) sitting on the leaves of the sallows which grow there. To
the lists of his colleagues Dr. Cotton added Thyatira bafis, Plusicr featuccB, and
Melanippe tristata. The Chairman proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the St.
Helen's nattn-alists for a most enjoyable and profitable evening, which was seconded
by Mr. F. Birch, and carried unanimously. Mr. F. R. Dixon-Nuttall, in his reply,
described the St. Helen's parks, and assured the members that the smoke of the
factories had much diminished of late years. Refreshments were then partaken of,
after which the interesting exhibits of the Rev. R. Freeman, Dr. J. Cotton, Messrs.
Thompson, Webster, Critchley, and Alfred, Peter and Herbert Jackson were
examined. Mr. Wilding exhibited a ease of specimens of DeilephUa galii reared
in 1887. Mr. Pierce, an unique collection of T^anessa Antiopa, showing all the
variations from the type to the most extreme dark forms. Mr. .T. Collins, of
Warrington, the pupte of Acroni/cfa Icporbin, s]iini u]i on dead sticks ns found by
him on the mosses.

April 15^, 1901.— Mr. R. Wilding, Vice-President, in the (^hair.

Mr. Wilding again thanked the St. Helen's members who had done so much to
make the previous meeting a success. He afterwards referred to the death of Mr.
Robert Brown, one of the oldest members, who. although his special study wns
botany, had always taken an interest in the doings of the Society. The Rev. R.
Freeman proposed that the Society adjourn until October. Dr. J. Cotton seconded,
but suggested that a field meeting should be held in June at Delamere. The Secre-
tary was deputed to make preliminary arrangements. Mr. C. E. Stott, of Bolton,
communicated a paper by Mr. F. H. Day, of Carlisle, entitled, "Notes on the
Coleoptera of the Cumberland Mountains," in which he gave accounts of the rarer
and more interesting of the beetles which find a home on the slopes of Scawfell and
its neighbours. Mr. Wilding, who read the paper, said that the species were iden-
tical with those of the Welsh mountains, that h(> had taken many of the insects
named on the slopes of Snowdon and the hills around Llangollen, thus affording
another proof that when the localities are similar the insects are alike also, though
perhaps two hundred miles apart. A discussion on these points was carried on by
the Chairman, Messrs. Freeman, Burgess Sopp, Pierce, Cotton and Birch, after
which the following exhibits were examined : Mr. Day's case of specimens illus-
trating his paper, which included that burnished gem Carnlms nitenx ; C. glahratus,
C. arvensis, Pteroxtichus cethiops, ApTi. lapponnm, and many other rarities by Mr.
C. F. Stott; Bemlidium nigr'ieorne and Philonthiis quisqniliarms, the latter new to
the Liverpool fauna, by Mr. Wilding; f^pongiphora Lherminieri, a remarkable
Orthopteron from Espirito Santo, by Mr. Burgess Sopp. Phigalia pedaria and
Acalla literana, by Mr. A. Tippins. — Fredeeick Bikch, Joint Hon. Secretary.

[We have received the Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of this Society (Session
1900), from which it appears that at present it numbers sixty members, thirteen of
whom are honorary. The library is not so extensive as it should be, considering the
longstanding of the Society. The Balance Sheet shows a modest total (under £10)
and a small sum in hand. The rest of the brochure of 14 pp. is occupied by the
address of the Vice-President, Mr. E. J. Burgess Sopp, on February 14th last, in
which many and varied subjects are briefly touched upon. — Eds.]

1901.] 177

NEW CORSICAN AND FRENCH MICRO'LEFIDOI'TERA.

BY THK HT. HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, MA,, LL.D., F.R.S., ic.

{Continued from Vol. XXXYI, p. 220).

STMMOCA, Hb.
222S (2). Stmmoca rosmarinella, sp. n.

Antennre whitish cinereous, faintly banded above with bi'ownish fuscous. Palpi
recurved to a little above the vertex ; whitish cinereous, the median joint shaded
externally, nearly to the apex, with brownish fuscous, the terminal joint tipped with
brownisli fuscous, and with a very few brownish fuscous scales scattered over it.
Head woolly; dirty whitish. T'/zoraa; whitish cinereous, with some brownish fuscous
speckling. Fore-iobiqs about three times as long as wide ; whitish cinereous,
speckled with brownish fuscous ; with a small dark brownish fuscous patcli at the
base of the costa (sometimes continued as a shade along the fold), a similar patch
before the middle of the costa, and another beyond the middle ; a dark brownish-
fuscous spot in the fold, a little before its middle, connected upward and inward
with a more or less broken line of brownish fuscous scales, pointing rather obliquely
to the origin of the ante-median costal spot, but not connected with it ; beyond
this is a small brownish fuscous spot at the upper edge of the cell nearer to the
post-median than to the ante-wedinn costal spot ; a tornal spot of the same colour,
oppos<ite to the outer costal spot, is diffused upward parallel with the termen, forming
a rather conspicuous portion of terminal shading, which also extends around the
apex, but is broken into ill-defined spots along the margin ; the oblique streak
arising from the fold is outwardly bounded by a few pale ferruginous scales, similar
scales occurring at the end of tlie cell between the tornal and costal spots ; cilia
whitish cinereous, speckled with brownish fuscous scales, especially on their basal
half. Exp. n,l., ^,14; $ , Ifi mm. Hind-wings and cilia greyish brown. Abdo-
men and legs gi*eyish brown ; hind tarsi with indistinct paler spots.

Type, S' (S06S6) ; ? (.S063S), Mua. Wlt^m.

Hnh. : S. Frat^ce, Beaulieu. Larva, Ros^nnrinus officinalis, 30,
IV, exel. 17—21, TX, 1890. Four specimens.

The larva was found feeding in accumulations of di'y leaves and
rubbish, more or less connected by light webbing, about the stems
and branches of Rosmarinus officinalis at Beaulieu on April 30th, and
four specimens of the moth emerged from September 17th- 21st,
1890. I have no doubt this species could be easily found by those
who have an op])ortunity of visiting the promontory which projects
from Beaulieu along the eastern side of the Gulf of Villefranche.

This species differs from sigiiafella, H.-S., in its tendency to
assume a rather darker shade, especially in the hind-wings, in its
rather more slender antennae, in the darkened apex of the terminal
joint of the palpi, and very consistently in the position of the small
spot on the upper edge of the cell, which in si(/nafel/a is nearer to

178 [J»iy-

the aute-inedian than to the post-inediau costal spot ; moreover, the
pale ferruginous, or ochreous, scaling before the middle and the end
of the cell is usually far more conspicuous in Ku/natt'Ua than in
rosmarinella.

2228 (4). Symmoca ochreopicta, sp. n.

Antenna tliick, not tapering ; black, with broad yollowish white rings, more
distinct beneath than above. Palpi black, much sprinkled with white on their
inner sides ; the median and terminal joints tipped with white. Head blackish,
with a few wliite scales. Thorax blackish, sprinkled with white. Fore-ioiiif/s black,
sprinkled with white scales in the form of three transverse bands, one near the base,
one about the middle, and one at three-fourths from the base — these are in no way
clearly outlined or defined, but are merely indicated by the somewhat limited
distribution of the scattered white scales ; a strong yellow-ochreous streak starting
from near the base follows the upper edge of the fold through the first and second
band of white sprinkling and terminates about the lower angle of the cell ; cilia
dark smoky grey, with a few white scales scattered along their base. Exp.al.,\0 — 11
mm. Hind-wingis tawny fuscous ; cilia smoky grey. Abdomen greyish fuscous.
Legs greyish fuscous ; hind tarsi with four white annulations, the anterior and
median tarsi also annulate.

Type, S (82093), Mus. Wlsm.

Eah. : Corsica, Corte, 27, V, 1S9G ; 13, VI, 1898. Twenty-four
apecimens.

This species resembles quadrifarieUa^ Mn., in the three colours
represented in the fore-wings, and perha])s somewhat also in the area
of their distribution, but in Mann's species the white bands are more
continuous and more clearly defined, certainly not consisting of
merely scattered scales over the predominating dark ground-colour ;
moreover in the true quadrifarielln the white cilia at once distinguish
it from my species, the antennte of the ^ are more slender and the
palpi much whiter. A (^, one of the three specimens taken by Mann
in 1855, is now before me labelled '^Symmoca (imidrifariella, Mann, Z.
hot. 55, 5G3 ; " ' Corsica, Mann, lit. 8/55, No. 22," and it should be
impossible to confuse the two species although the yellowish streak
along the fold is scarcely traceable in the type niid may have become
somewhat effaced. My species has also distinctly luirrower wings
than quadrifariella and the hind-wings as well as the fore-wings are
much darker.

2228 (6). Symmoca deltcatella, .S7;. n.

Aiifeniire moderately slender, slightly sei-rate ; yellowish cinereous, shaded with
fuscous. Palpi cinereous, the median joint shaded externally with fuscous nearly
to its apes, the terminal joint with a fuscous shade around the middle— more

1901.] 179

strongly ex|)ressod externally. Read greyisli Tuscoiis above, face yellowish cinereous.
Thorax whitish cinereous, with brownish fuscous dusting. Fore-wings narrow,
elongate, about four times as long as wide ; bluish white, much dusted with brownish
fuscous, especially along the costa and ai-ound the apes ; at tlie base of the costa is
a brownish spot, another below tlie costa at about one-third, another below the fold
beyond one-third, and between these two an elongate spot on the upper edge of the
fold, scarcely farther from the base than the one below it, is diffused outward nearly
to a smaller spot at jialf the wing-lengtii, a little below the middle ; beyond this are
two spots placed at the upper and lower angles of the cell respectively, a marginal
series of similar spots extending around the apex and termen (to the number of
three costal, and three terminal, with a faint indication of one tornal) ; cilia whitish
cinereous, clouded with brownish grey, especially towards the tornus, and sprinkled
along their basal half with brownish fuscous scales. Exp. al., 12 mm. Hind-wings
shining sericeous, greyish ; cilia brownish grey, with a slight ochreous tinge along
their base. Abdomen greyish, anal tuft inclining to ochreous. Legs yellowish grey ;
hind tarsi slightly spotted with greyish fuscous.

Type, S (84094), Mus. Wlsm.

Hab. : Corsica, Corte, 15, VI, 1899. IJiiique.

Allied to oxyhiella, Mill., but the arrangement of the spots is
quite different ; these form an outwardly angulated oblique line
instead of a comparatively straight one, and are quite devoid of the
accompaniment of ochreous scales, moreover, the hind-wings are far
more shining and more grey.

2233 (1). 8YMM0CA PEEPYGMiEELLA, S}). H.
Antenna stout, simple ; yellowish grey. Palpi dull stone-grey, the median
joint shaded nearly to its apex, the terminal joint with a slight shade round its
middle. Head and thorax stone-grey, the latter slightly bestrewn with darker scales.
Fore-wings stone-grey, thickly bestrewn with pale greyish fuscous scaling ; with five
blackish spots (sometimes scarcely distinguishable), one below the costa at one-third
from the base, a smaller one below the fold beyond one-third, another a little beyond
this above the fold, and two at the upper and lower angle of the cell respectively ;
there are also one or two costal and one or two terminal spots before the apex ; cilia
stone-greyish. Exp. al., 9 — 10 mm. Hind-wings dull grey ; cilia stone-greyish.
Abdomen and legs stone-grey.

Type, S (84539), Mus. Wlsm.

Hah. : CoKSiCA, Punta Parata, 7, VI, 1899. Three specimens.

This very small species (taken on the wing among Statice and
Frankenia at Punta Parata) can at once be distinguished from any
other described species by its size. It approaches perhaps most nearly
to undecimpunctella , Mn., but the arrangement of the spots, when
these are visible, is distinctly different, and the hind-wings are much
darker.

180 ^J'jiy- 1^"^

BORKHAUSENiA, Hb.

22(Ji (2). EORKHAUSENIA HVTAiWA' IVA, fij). 11.

Antenna; slightly serrate towards tliu apex; pale einoreous with narrow fuseoiis
rings. Palp! reeurved, not reaching above the vertex ; pale cinereous, shaded wilh
greyish fuscous externally. Head yellowish grey. Thorax pale greyish fuscous.
Fore-wings pale cinereous, evenly suffused with pale greyish fuscous, with three
darker fuscous spots which are rather large and diffused ; the first on the middle
third of the fold, somewhat elongate-ovate ; the second larger and more diffused, on
the cell straight above the first; the third at the end of the cell, diffused downward
towards the dorsum; cilia pale greyish fuscous. Exi>.al.,l>i mm. llind-wings
greyish ; cilia pale greyish fuscous. Ahdomen cinereous at the base, pale ochreous
beyond. Legs cinereous, with a slight ochreous tinge.

Tjjpc. S (81080) ; ? (8i087), Mus. VVlsui.

Hah. : CoKsiCA, Corte, 13—15, VI, 1893. Two speciuieiis.

22G4<. BOUKHAUSENIA J.AVANDULiE, Mu.

11. syn. = ardosieUa, Ci)st. ; =^ jjuhwrisquamis, Wlsiii.

(Ecophora Invandidce, Mn., Verb. ZB. Ver. Wien, V (1855), Abb.,
562—3 (1855);' Stgr. aud Wk., Cat. Lep. Eur., 117, No. 1859
(1861) -r Stn., Tin. S. Eur., 117, 122, 340 (1869) ■' Stgr. and Wk.,
Cat. Lp. Eur., 307, No. 2264 (1871).* (Ecophora ardosieUa, Cnst.,
Bull. 8oc. Eut. Fr., LVIII (6 s.), IX (1899), cxxv (1889) ;' Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr., LIX (6 s.), X (1890), 10, PI. I, 6 (1890). « Borkhau-
semapiiheris(iua»iis,Wlsm.,Eut. Mo. Mag.,XXXIV, 133—4 (1898).'
Borkhausenia lavandulce, Wlsm., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV, 171^2
(1898).'

Types, ^ ,lavandul(B, Mn., Mus. Vienna ; at'dosiella, Cnst., Mus.
Cnst. ; pulverisquamis, Wlsm., Mus. Wlsm.

Rah.: Corsica 3-5— Ajaccio, 17, VI, 1899; Corte, 22—27, V,
1896 ^ 10, VI, 1898, 15, VI, 1899; Lazaretbspitze, larva i««o?2(^wZo
staechas, V, excl. 10-12, VI, 18551.3.

In 1896 I took two specimens of an CBcopborid on tbe mountains
in Corsica, whicb I described under tbe name Borkhausenia pulveri-
squamis,'' but subsequently identified from Mann's description as
QScojyhora lacandnlcc, Mn. In a note" I associated tbese two names
witb tbat of (Ecophora fasclfrontelln, Cnst., tbinking that bis de-
scription must also apply to this same insect.

In 1899 I took two more allied species, also in Corsica, and being
thrown into considerable doubt as to the proper identification of
Mann's and Constant's species (tbe latter author having published

August, 1901]. 181

two (Ec. ardosieUa and QSc. fuscifronfeUa), I first sent specimens of
my three ilistinct species to Dr. Rebel at Vienna for comparison with
Mann's type. Dr. Rebel confirmed my suspicions, and returned my
Bo7'khimsenia pidverisquamis as identical with (Ecoplwra Javandulce,
Mn. I then sent the same three species to M. Constant, who kindly
returned with them his types of (Ecophora ardosieUa awA fuscifrontella .
I am thus enabled to clear up the confusion for which I am respon-
sible, and to make the following corrections with due apology: —

1. Borkhausenia fuscifrontella, Cnst., is a distinct species, and

must not be confused with

2. Borkhausenia lavandulce, Mn., but this latter is the same as

(Ecophora ardosieUa, Cnst., and Borkliaiisenia jyuJverisg^uamis,
Wlsm.
8. My third species is distinct, and is described above as B.
siihgilvidn, 2261 (2).

2264- (I). BollKIIAUSENTA FUSCTFHONTELLA, Cust.

(Ecophora fuscifronteUa, Cnst., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., LIII (6 s.^,
rV (IHS4), 262, PI. X, 24 (1885).'

Type, ^, Mus. Cnst.

Hah. : Corsica— Corte, V;' Vizzavona, 11, VI, 1899.

The explanation of the revival of this name is given above under
B. Invandiilce.

2280 '2). Borkhausenia reducta, .«/>. w,

Antennm (biciliate 21) yellowish white, annulate with black. Palpi black, the
apex of the median joint broadly yellowish white. Head dirty whitisli. Thorax
blackish, the ends of the tegulie yellow. Fore-wings pale yellow, fading to white,
with a short basal patch, two transverse fascite and an apical blotch blackish ; the
basal patch is slightly angulated outward below the costa and except for one or two
dark scales along the costa is disconnected from the second black band which is
slightly oblique, dilated toward the fold and thence attenuated toward the dorsum ;
after a few dark costal scales the next dark fascia is dilated on the costa and thence
continued to the tornus, but somewhat broken at its lower extremity by the pale
ground-colour ; the apical patch does not touch the termen immediately below the
apex, but is connected with some dark scaling on its lower half; cilia smoky fuscous,
mixed with yellowish cinereous. Exp. al., 10 — 12 mm. Hind-whigs not so broad
as the fore-wings ; brownish grey, cilia concolorous. Abdomen hrov/msh grey. Legs
whitish, with greyish fuscous shade-bands across the tarsi.

Type, S (84024), Mus. Wlsm.

Hah.: Corsica, Vizzavona, 11, VI, 1899; Corte, 14, VI, 1898.

Five specimens.

182 [August,

This species is smaller than rar/onotella, Ciist., which it greatly
resembles. The chief points of difference (which are uniform through
the series) are to be found in the extension of the pale ground-colour
to the costa betw^een the basal patch and the first fascia, in the
attenuation of the first fascia towards the doi'sum (whereas in
rarjonoteUa it is there somewhat dilated) and generally in the less
clearly defined limits of the darker and paler portions of the wing.
Indeed, in the first two particulars it approaches more closely to
luctuosella. Dp., but in regard to the third it differs from it quite as
much as from 7'ar/onoteUa, moreover in luctuosella the white, or
yellowish white, bands are distinctly narrower than in rrducfn, and
the hind-wings are less gradually attenuated to the apex. In size it
is perhaps hardly larger than lucfuosella, but it could scarcely be
mistaken for that species through the absence of the distinct contrast
between the colours and markings which gives to the former a
particularly neat and compact appearance.

BLASTOBASIS, Z.

2303 (2). Blastobasis (?) evanescens, sp. n.

Antennce (9) with strong pecten ; fawn-oclireous, barred above with brown.
Palpi, terminal joint about half the length of the median ; pale fawn-ochreous.
Head and thorax pale fawn-ochreou3. Fore-tvhigs narrow, elongate, about four
times as long as wide ; pale fawn-ochreous, with a dusting of faintly browni.sh scales,
d slight indication of a brown spot in the fold at a little beyond one-third from the
base, with a few collected brown scales above and beyond it on the disc, followed by
a more clearly defined spot at the end of the cell, this sprinkling of brown scales
.being somewhat more profuse beyond than before it ; cilia pale fawn-ochreous. Exp.
al., 16 mm. Hind-toings i-ather shining, fawn-greyish ; cilia pale fawn-ochreous.
Abdomen and legs pale fawn-ochreous.

Type, 'i (84150), Mus. Wlsm.

Hah. : Corsica, Vizzavona, 12, VI, 1899. Unique.

A somewhat abnoriiial form, agreeing with Blastobasis in having
only seven veins in the hind-wings, but differing in the remote origin
of 5 from 3-f 4.

In the absence of the ^ I cannot venture to describe it as the
type of a new genus.

ICONISMA, Wlsm.

2304. ICONISMA ? ANTHOPHAGA, Stgr.,
tt ANTHOPHAGA, Stgr. + ANTHOPIIAGA, Stgr.

n. syn. = stcechadella, Cnst.
Blastobasis antJiophar/a, Stgr., Berl. Ent. Zts.. XIV, 319, No. 102

1901. 1 183

(1890) ; Stgr. and Wk. Cat. Tp. Eur., 309, No. 2304 (1871). Si/mmoca
stcechadelln, Cnst , Aun. Soc. Eiit. Fr., LIII (6.B.) IV (1884), 2G0— 1,
PI. X, 23 (1885).

M. Constant, in describing his S}/inmocn stcBchadelJa, calls attention
to the basal joint of the antennae being ^^renjle,''' and suggests that this
character, together with certain differences in the neuration, might
justify the creation of a genus separated from Si/mmoca, Hb. These
differences are such as would remove sfceohadeJla to the neighbourhood
of Blnstohasis, 7i.

I have bred numerous specimens of sttBchadeJIa, Const., from
larvfe taken at Agay, near Cannes, in the shoots of Lavandula sfcecl/as,
and after a careful comparison with the description of antliophaga,
Stgr., also bred from Lavandula, was unable to find any reason for
separating the two supposed species. The opinion that they are the
same has since been confirmed by the reception of a specimen of
antliophaga from Staudinger, and I find in the late M, Ragonot's copy
of Staudinger's C^italog a MS. note showing that he was also aware of
their identity.

I hesitate to separate from antJiophriga a rather larger and more
clearly marked form bred in some numbers from similar larvae feeding
on the same plant at Corte in Corsica. These at first sight would
appear to be distinct, the first costal shade being somewhat more
widely separated from the discal shade beyond and below it than in
the French form, but as this is the only difference observable I prefer
to regard them as local forms of the same species.

/3. ANTHOPKAGA, Stgr. + ROSMAEINELLA, vav. n.

Two specimens bred from 'Rosmarinus officinalis from the neigh-
bourhood of Eeaulieu in 1890 are extremely similar to anthophaga,
Stgr. The larvae were taken in April among refuse accumulated by
other larvae around the stems and among branches of the plant.
These did not emerge until August, therefore much later than the
Spanish or Cannes specimens. The difference in the larval habit is
also remarkable, and if it should be proved that retarded emergence
owing to starvation is not the real reason of their diminished size
(barely 12 mm.) I should suggest for them the name rosmarinella,
but the only divergence from anthophaga is in the almost obliterated
markings, giving a generally blurred appearance to the wing, in the
somewhat greyer (less yellow; cilia of the hind-wings, and in the
smaller size.

184 [August,

Type, $ (SOSOl) ; ? (80S02), Mus. Wlsm.

Hob. : S. Prance, Beaulieu. Larva Rosinariniis officinalis^ 30,
IV, exel. 2—17, VIIT, 1890. Two specimens.

COLEOPHORA, Hb.
2528 (I). CoLEOPiroRA btanthivora, sp. n.

Antennm wifhout a basal tuft ; wliite. Palpi with a scarcely appreciable short
tuft projecting beneath from the end of the median joint. Head and thorax fawn-
grey above, whiter at the sides. Fore-winqx brownish fawn-grey, the margins
narrowly white throughout ; a white streak from the base following the line of the
fold is slightly dilated at the end of the cell and attenuated to the apex beyond it,
a short branch reaching the dorsum on the fold ; above it are three short white
streaks along the veins, all terminating in the outer half of the costa — these
originate from the margin of the cell and are thus detached from the longer streak
below them ; on the outer lialf of the cell is some black speckling along the upper
margin of the median streak, somewhat less of the same speckling occurring along
its lower margin and extending further towards the base, there are also a few black
scale-specks between the costal streaks and at the apex ; cilia whitish grey, with a
faint fawn-brownish shade running along their basal half, mixed with white scales
on their extreme base. Exp. al.,'\4> — 17 mm. Hind-wings pale shining brownish
grey ; cilia pale fawn-brownish. Abdomen brownish grey. Leqs whitisli, the tibial
hairs pale fawn-brownish.

Type, ? (84877) ; S (^4^78), Mus. Wlsm.

Hah.: S. France, Veriiet (Pyr. Or). Larva Dianthus, 26, V,
excl. 16—17, VII ; 1—25, IX, 1899. Six specimens.

Nearly allied to odorariella, Mhlg. and Prey, but it is slightly
darker in colouring and has less black speckling between the veins ;
the hind-wings are also slightly darker.

The case is of the same shape as that of odorariella, cylindrical,
with trigonal apex and sloping mouth-aperture ; it is slightly streaked
lengthwise with pale cinereous and pale brownish grey, and somewhat
dusted with fuscous atoms ; it has, however, no small pebbles or
fragments of plants attached, as in the case of odorariella.

The larva differs in its habits from dianfhi, H.-S., so far as one
can judge from finding it feeding on the leaves of a species of
Dianthus, in the tufts at the base of the old flower- stems rather than
among the seed-capsules as in that species.

Two specimens were bred in July, four others in September.

{To he continued).

1901.] 185

A LIST OF THE TORTRICIDM AND TIN BIN A OF THE PARISH
OF BONHILL, DUMBARTONSHIRE.

BY. J. R. MALLOCH.

{Concluded from page 36).

TINEINA.

LemmatopJnIa phryganella, Hb., scarce, Crofthugen.

Exapate congelatella, Clerck, one specimen on Levenside Moor at an elevation
of 800 feet.

Diurnea fagella, Fb , very abundant everywhere.

Diplodoma marginepunctella, St., rare, Quarry Wood.

Ochsenheimeria bisontella, Zell., very common, flying in the daytime, Levenside
and Napiei'ston.

Scardia cloacella, Haw., very common everywhere.

Ilonopis imella, Hb., not uncommon, Ladyton, Nobleston, and Quarry Woods.
rusticella, Hb., very common.

Tinea tapetzella, L., Nobleston and Dillichip. pellionella, L., common in

houses. -fuscipunctella, Haw., very common. — pallescentella, Sta., common.

lapella, Hb., scarce, Nobleston. semifidvella. Haw., not uncommon, Dumbarton

Road, Quarry Woods, and Crofthugen.

PhyUoporia bistrigella, Haw., common among birch. Quarry Woods and
Crofthugen.

Tineola biselliella, Hm., common in houses.

Lampronia quadripunctella, Fb.,not uncommon, Quarry Woods and Crofthugen.

ruhiella, Bjerk., common among raspberry bushes, Crofthugen and Quarry

Woods.

Incurvaria masculella, Fb., common, Napierston and Quari'y Woods.

Micropteryx calthella, L., not uncommon, Quarry Woods. Seppella, Fb.,

very common, Levenside. aureatella, Scop. (Allionella, Fb.), scarce. Quarry

Woods.

Eriocrania semipurpurella, St., scarce, Quarry Woods. unimaculeUa, Zett.,

scarce, Crofthugen. — — subpurpurella, Haw., abundant everywhere.

Nemophora SchwarzieJla, Zell., very common everywhere. pilella, Fb.,

scarce, Crofthugen.

Siuammerdamia combinella,'SLh. {apicella, Sta.), scarce, Nobleston. coBsiella,

'S.h.,\BX. griseocapitella, Sta., among birch, Quarry Woods. oxyacanthella, Dup.,

very abundant among hawthorn.

Prays Curtisellus, Don., common on ash; the types and var. rustica are about
in equal numbers.

Plutella maculipennis, Crt. {cruciferarum, Zell.), very abundant, the autumn
brood most variable.— — Dalella, Sta., scarce, Levenside Moor.

Cerostoma vittella, L., most abundant in July and August, 1900. Specimens
occurred until mid-September. Sometimes as many as three dozen were seen on a
single elm trunk. The pupa cases were everywhere projecting from the chinks of

186 [August,

the bark. Very variable. Uiiinbarton Road ami Dillichip. -radialella, Don.,

sometimes common, Cjuarry Woods and Crofthugcn. costella, Fb., generally

common, Crofthugcn and Levenside.

Ilarpipteryx xi/lostella, Jj., common on honeysuckle, Crofthugen and Levenside.
Depressaria cos/osa, Haw., not uncommon on furze, Nobleston and Levenside.

assimileUa, Tr., not uncommon on broom. Quarry Woods and Ladyton.

arenella, Sehiff., not uncommon. Quarry Wood. applana,'Sh. , gcner&Wy difficult

to obtain in the autumn, but common in the spring; comes to sallow bloom ; gener-
ally distributed. ciliella, Sta., not uncommon, Nobleston. heracliana, Do

Geer, very common, larva in flower heads of Heracleum ; pupates in the stems ; F.
and C. Railway, near Jamestown, Nobleston, &c.

Gelec/iia ericetella, Hb., very abundant on all the moors. muUnella, Zell.,

common among broom, Dillichip. diffinis. Haw., not uncommon, Levenside,

Dillichip and Strathlorm. similis, Sta., var. confinis, Sta., Levenside. terrella,

Hb., very common everywhere. politella, Sta., not uncommon, Levenside Moor.

affinis, Dough, Dumbarton Road. actiminateJIa, Sircom., Levenside.

dodecella, L., common among pines on Levenside Moor. triparella, Zell., scarce,

Levenside. proximeUa, Hb., common, generally taken at rest on trunks of silver

birch. noiatella, Hb., scarce, among sallows, Crofthugen and Quarry Woods.

Xenolechia athiops, Westw., not uncommon on Levenside Moor in April and
May ; when on the wing is difficult to distinguish from a water-fly, and is easily
overlooked.

Aristotelia tenehrella, Hb., common. Quarry Woods and Auchencarroch.

stipella, Hb., var., ncBviferella, Dup., common, Alexandria. pulveratella, H.-S.

{intaminatella, Sta.), scarce, Levenside Moor.

Chelaria Hiibnerella, Don., very common among silver birch, Crofthugen and
Quarry Woods.

Pleurota hicostella, Clerck., Levenside Moor.

CEcophora sulphurella, Fb., very common among rotten timber, generally dis-
ti'ibuted.

JiorJchausenia fuscescens, Haw., not common. Quarry Woods, Nobleston and
Levenside. pseudospretella, Sta., abundant everywhere.

Endrosis lacteeUa, Sehiff. {fenestrella, Sta., nee Scop.), too common everywhere.

Atemelia torquatella, Linn., Levenside.

Glyphipteryx thrasonella, Scop., very common among rushes, generally distri-
buted. Haioorthana, St., not common, Levenside Moor. Fischeriella, Zell.,

not uncommon on the embankment of the F. and C. Railway near Jamestown, may
be swept off the grass.

Heliozela nericiella, Haw., very common, 1900, Quarry Woods. re.iplendella,

Dougl., scarce, Levenside.

Arrjyresthia epMppella, Fb., common, Ladyton, Jamestown, &c. nitidella,

Fb., common. Quarry Wood, Crofthugen. semitestacella, Curt., common in

Crofthugen, but seems to be confined to this part of the district. spiniella, Zell.,

common, Levenside. albistria, Haw., common, Nobleston and Auchencarroch.

conjugella, Zell., common among rowan, generally distributed, specimens very

1901.] 187

dark. retineUa, Zell., very conmion on bircli, Crofthugen, &c. curvella, L.,

scarce, Levenside Moor. pygmiveUa, Hb., common among sallows, Quarry Woods

and Crofthugen. Gcedarfella, L., very common and generally distributed; about

50 per cent, of tile specimens examined showed a tendency towards the var. Hterella,
Sta., but the actual variety is somewhat scarce. I have taken suffused specimens of

the variety at Levenside and Auchencarroch. -Brockeella, Hb., very common,

Levenside and Auchencari'och.

Cedestis farinatella, Dup., very common on pine, Levenside Moor.

gysselinella, Dup., scarce on pine, Levenside Moor.

Ocnerostoma piniariella, Zell., abundant on pine, Levenside Moor.

Qracilaria alchimiella, Scop. (Swederella, Sta.), abundant everywhere.

elongella, L., not common, sometimes occurs with the costa yellowish-white, Quarry

Woods and Crofthugen. tringipennella, Zell., scarce, Auchencarroch. — —syring-

ella, Fb., common, occurs on pine and ash, Dillichip and Quarry Woods.

auroguttella, St., not common, Levenside.

Ornix anglicella, Sta., not uncommon, Levenside and Quarry Woods. betulce,

Sta., very common on birch, Quarry Wood and Levenside. torquillella, Sta., not

uncommon, Quai'ry Woods. scoticeUa, Sta., not scarce, Quarry Woods.

Loganella, Sta., scarce, Quarry Woods, on birch.

Coleophora spissicornis, Haw. {Fahriciella, Vill.), TuUichewan. pyrrhuli-

penneUa, Fisch., not uncommon on Levenside Moor, on heath. albicosta, Haw.,

common everywhere on furze. discordella, Zell., scarce, Levenside. murini-

pennella, Fisch., common throughout the district. ccespititiella, Zell., common

among rushes. -artemisicoleUa, Brd., scarce, Levenside. -juncicolella, Sta., not

uncommon, Levenside Moor, on heath. nigricella, St., Crofthugen. siccifolia,

Sta., Crofthugen. vitisella, Grrg., Levenside. viminetella, Heyd., Crofthugen.

lutipenneUa, Zell., very common, Crofthugen. limosipennella, Fisch., Crofthugen.

Epermenia cheer opliyllellus, Goze., Crofthugen and Quarry Woods, larva found
on the undersides of Heracleum leaves, specimens very dark, not common, some-
times met with after hibernation.

Laverna lacteella, St., very scarce, Dumbarton Road. HeUerella, Dup., not

uncommon on hawthorn, Nobleston and Napierston.

Chrysoclista Schrankella, Hb., scarce, Dumbarton Road. aurifrontella,

Hb., scarce, Levenside.

SchrecUenstenia festal iella, Hb., not uncommon among bi-amble, Quarry Woods.
Cataplectica fulviguttella, Zell., Crofthugen, scarce.

Elachista apicipunctella, Sta., very common and generally distributed.

albifrontella, Hb., abundant everywhere. atricomeIJa, Sta., scarce, Crofthugen.

kilmunella, Sta., very common where it occurs, but apparently local, flies in the

daytime ; occurs plentifully on one spot on the Moor (Levenside) at an elevation of
about 800 feet. nigrella, Hb., and obscureUa, Sta., common and generally distri-
buted. zonariella, Tgstr., not common, Crofthugen. adscitella, Sta., scarce,

Quarry Woods. rhynchosporella, Sta., not uncommon, Levenside. eleochari-

ella, Sta., Levenside Moor.- serricomis, Logan, Quarry Woods. rufoeinerea,

Haw., very common and generally distributed. subalbidella, Schl., Crofthugen

and Levenside. argentella, Clerck, common everywhere.

188 [August,

Tisvheria complanella, lib., coiiiiiioii, Croftluigcii and Quarry Woods.

Lithocolletis irradiella, Scott, scarce, Crofthugon. vacciniella, Scott, Leven-

side Moor. cerasicolella, H.-S., scarce, mines in the leaves of wild cherry,

Crofthugen. spinicolella, Kol., common on sloe, Quarry Wood. -oxyacanthce,

Fi'cy., most abundant everywhere on hawthorn ; most of the mines examined on
the hedges bordering the road between Bonhill and Dumbarton contained parasites,
but the iiedges dividing fields yielded a very small percentage of affected specimens.

sorbi, Frey, very common on rowan, also subject to the attacks of parasites.

There is a large form which occurs in the Quarry Woods which agrees but poorly
with the types of sorbi, or even with the specimens which I have bred. There is a
species belonging to the group containing tiie four foregoing species which occurs on
Pyrus mains, but so far 1 have failed to obtain the imago. I have not the least
doubt that it is a different species from those recorded. coryli, Nicelli, Croft-
hugen. -faginella, Zell., very abundant on beech.- ulmifoliella, Hb., not un-
common on birch, much darker than southern specimens. spinolella, very com-
mon on sallow, darker than English specimens. quercifoliella, Fisch., abundant

on oaks. messanieUa, Zell., not common, Dillichip ; have bred this species from

beech. corylifoUella, Haw., scarce, Crofthugen. betulcB, Zell., scarce on birch,

Quarry Wood. ahiifoliella, fib., very abundant on alder, Crofthugen and Leven-

side. Ileegeriella, Zell., not uncommon. Quarry Woods and Levensidc.

Cramerella, Fb., common everywhere on oak.- emberizcepennella, Bouche, not

common, occurs on honeysuckle, Croftliugen and Quarry Woods. Frolichiella,

Zell., not uncommon on alder, Crofthugen. Nicellii, Zell., abundant among hazel

in Quarry Woods and Crofthugen. — —s^e/i««eHS!s, Nicelli, Crofthugen. Kleeman-

neJla, Fb., not uncommon, Crofthugen, one specimen uncommonly dark.

Lyonetia Clerckella, L., not uncommon, one specimen of the suffused variety
off rowan, Crofthugen and Levenside.

Cemiostoma spartifoUella, Hb., abundant on broom. laburnella, Heyd.,

scarce, Dumbarton Road.

Oposteya crepusculella, Fisch., Levenside Moor and Quarry Woods, scarce.
Bucculatrix nigricomella, Zell., Levenside.

Nepticula atricapitella, Haw., Crofthugen. rvficapitella. Haw., Crofthugeu.

Fletcheri, Tutt, Crofthugen. argt/ropeza, Zell. {apicella, Sta.), Crofthugen.

floslactella, Haw., common everywhere. argentipedella, Zell., scarce, Croft-
hugen. plagicolella, Sta., Crofthugen. gratiosella, Sta., off Hawthorn, Dal-

monach.

Trifurcula immundella, Zell., very common everywhere. pulterosella, Sta.,

scarce, Levenside.

Most of the species in the above list have been identified by either Mr. C. G.
Barrett or Mr. E. R. Bankes. I therefore desire, in conclusion, lo thank them for
their kind assistance, and beg to express the hope that the list, however incomplete it
may be, will prove of service to those interested in the distribution of our Micro-
Lepido'ptera.

Bonhill, Dumbartonshire :
May, 1901.

1901.] - 189

REVISION OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.,

AND

JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Memb. Soc. Ent. de France.
(Continued from Vol. XXXVI, p. 4).

" HEUSIMENE, 8teph." !
This nauie has long been used in British Lists for a genus con-
taining the single species Tortrix fimbriana, Hw. It was accepted
without question by the authors of " The Accentuated List of the
Tiritish Lepidoptcra," 70 (1858), who gave the derivation thus: —
" Ueusimene., Ste., . . eueii', to burn, /A^/i/r;, the moon : the fore-
wings having an ashy lunule on the inner margin." This ingenious
derivation however is as fictitious as Heusimene itself. There never
was a genus ^ro/josec/ under the name -£feMsme»e, it is a meve lapsus
calami ior Hemimene, Hb. ('>//At=half ; ixrjvrj^moow) .

"Heusimene, Hiibner ? " Steph. Til. Br. Ent., Haust. IV, 96-7
(1834), typejimbriana, Hw.

Stephens referred this genus to Hiibner with a " ?," not because
he doubted the generic name being Hiibner's, but because he was
uncertain whether Jlmbriana could be regarded as congeneric with the
types of Hemimene, Hb. In his abstract of the British Lepidoptera
contained in Hiibner's Verzeichniss, Stephens [111. Br. Ent., Haust.
IV, 418 (1835)] enumerated Heusimene 3627—3634, 3636. The
names cited are identical with those included in Hemimene by Hiibner,
3627—3637.

It is, therefore, obvious that Stephens or the compositor (probably
the latter) read the first " ni^ " of HeM.imene as " us.''
Thus originated " Heusimene, Stephens." !
Heusimene, Steph., List Br. An. BM., X, Lp. 52 (1852).
Stephens in this publication attributes "iZ^f?^(^6•me7^p, Stephens," to
himself as a valid genus, ignoring its evolution as detailed above,
although he used its correct form " Hemimene, Hiibner," in a sub-
generic sense under more than one of his own generic titles.

A name whose only claim to validity is based on a mere lapsus
calami (or error of P.D.) can have no right to recognition, and
^Heusimene (Hb.), Steph., can only be treated as if it had been
printed correctly Hemimene, Hb.

PAMMENE, Hb.

= Hemimene, Hb. {\Heusimene, Stph.) ; = Fiiti/okoblastis, Ld.
Type 1, Tortrix trauniana, Schiff. (Hb., 1826).

190 [August,

PAMMENE, Hb., Verz. Schrn., 378 (1826).

1. trauniana, Schiff. (lib., 38). 2. aurana, F. (==mediana,
Schiff., Hb., 179).

Hiibner, Verz. Schm., 39J; (1826), constituted aurana, F. (= me-
diana, SchifE., Hb., 179), the type of Eucelis, Hb., thus leaving
trauniana, 8chifE., as the type of Pammene, Hb.

\Pamene, Stgr. and Rbl. Cat. Lp., Pal. 11, 123 (1901).

Type 2, Pyralis populana, F. (Steph., 1852).
Hemimene, Hb., Verz. Schm., 377-8 (1826).

1. amplann, Hb., 24. 2. i^etiverella, L. (= montana, Schiff., Hb.,
37). 3. dofsana, F. (= lunulana, Hb., 35). 4. inquinitana, Hb., 43
(jacquiniana, Hb., Verz., 3630). 5. discrefana,W\i. (^ dorsana,ah.,
36). 6. compositeUa, F. [j^ (jundiananu, Hb., Verz., 3632, gundiana,
Hb., 42). 7. populana, F. {=ei)]iippana, Hh.,2W). 8. argyrana,
Hb., 46. 9. lathyrana, Hb., 207 (= /eyzM/«'«ff««, Z., Stgr. Cat.). 10.
sequana, Hb., 44. 11. permixtana, Schiff. (Hb., 187).
[PsEUDOTOMiA, Stph. — B.] -fllEusiMENE (Hb.), Stph. 111. Br. Ent.,

Haust. IV, 99—102 (1834) [JHemimene, Hb.].

1. petiverella, L. 2. dorsana,Y. (= Iimiilana,^tph). 3. popu-
lana, F. 4. sequana, F.

■fHEUSJMENE, Steph., 111. Br. Ent., Haust. IV, 418 (1835).
[Halonota, stph.— C] Hemimene (Hb.), Stph. List Br. An. BM., X,

Lp., 47— 8 (1852).

11 (Type), populana, F.

= PnmoROBLASTi^, Ld., Wien. Ent. Mts., Ill, 125, 370 - 1, PL II,

12 (1859).

13 {Type), populana, F. {=^ epiiippana, Hb., Ld.), and nineteen
species, six of which were unknown to Lederer.

Though Lederer enumerated twenty species as belonging to this
genus, there is no difBculty in ascertaining which he regarded as the
type, for in a foot-note (p. 370) he explained the derivation of the
generic name thus : " PJithorohlastis — Von (jyOetpw ich verderbe, und
ftXao-Tos Knospe, Trieb (von der Lebensweise der einzigen mir be-
kannten Raupe deiser Grattung : ephippanay ; populana, F. (= ephip-
pana, Hb.), is consequently the type of this genus.

Type 3, Tortrix fimbriana, Hw. (Stph., 1834).
*-\Heusimene, Hb. [XHemimene, Hb.], Stph., 111. Br. Ent., Haust.
IV, 96—7 (1834).
1 {Type), fimbriana, Hw. Stph., List Br. An. BM., X, Lp.

52 (1852).

(To he continued) .

1001.] 191

FURTHER NOTES ON SOUTH AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

BY rfiA>CKS BARRETT ; EDITED BT C. G. BARRETT, V.P.E.S.

{Continued from Vol. 36, ;9. 146).

[In the following notes the original observations, extracted from
letters received from my sister, are within inverted commas. My own
remarks thereon are within square brackets. — C. G. B.]

Hemicha sinilax. — "I was staying with a friend at Unitata, and we had all
been out together. When coming in through the garden my friend said, ' Here is a
caterpillar for you.' It was on a lilac bush, and on searching the bush we found
four more like it, and three of anotlier colour, but of the same form, all handsome
caterpillars. The five were hairy, dark red, or indian-red, with tiny black rings
enclosing white dots all over the red area, and on each segment a dark ridge on
which the hairs grew ; head orange colour. The remaining three had a clear
yellow or white ground colour, with black ridges. In size, shape, and the hairs or
spines, all were alike ; also they all fed together and spun up together, and I can
see no difference in their cocoons, which are very pretty, ornamented with pieces of
the leaves of the lilac. The five red larvae produced the smaller specimens, males ;
the three yellow or white ones, females. I meant to figure them, but failed to do so
before they spun up. I fed them on the lilac, and after my return home my friend
sent more of this to feed them upon, but they were nearly full grown, and soon
spun up. The lilac cannot be their sole food since it never grows wild here."

[Later.] " I was again at Umtata at the end of May, and saw another cater-
pillar which a lady was feeding on privet. The pattern is most beautiful, the black
markings being of different shapes on the indian-red ground, somewhat like a
Paisley shawl pattern, the spines or hairs black ; the dots white or yellow. There
was Smilax, two species, one a creeper, the other larger, in the garden, and these
plants also grow in the forests, but the larvas do not seem to be found upon them."

[Still later.] " I have received this moth and am sending it. It is spoiled, but
it has instructed a whole school ! I have secured the chrysalis case. The females
had that curious mealy-looking powder in rings round their bodies when they
emerged."

[This is so very remarkable a moth that it deserves some detailed notice. In the
male the hind margin of the fore-wings is so hollowed out, and the apex is so
abruptly squared, that it looks much as though some mischievous child had operated
upon it with a pair of scissors. The hind-wings are narrow, with the anal angle
produced. The antennae are very short, strongly pectinated to less than one half
tlieir length, the apical half simple. The female is much larger, with short antennae,
simple or rather minutely notched, and the wings broader and more filled out. In
both sexes there is on the fore-wings, at the apex of the discal cell, a large three or
four lobed shining diaphanous spot, divided by the nervures, and on the hind-wings
a smaller and more horse-shoc-shapcd similar transparent spot. The " mealy-
looking powder " referred to by my correspondent is worthy of special attention.
It has very much the appearance stated, but -actually consists of scales much lai'ger,
and especially far broader, than the usual scales, strap -shaped, or almost spatulate

292 [August,

under a good lens, placed in irregular tufts along the binder edge of each segment
of the abdomen in the female moth, and also in numerous isolated tufts scattered
over the upper surface of both fore and hind-wings, on or between the nervures ;
and since these peculiar scales are all of a very pale drab colour, and are placed
upon a chocolate-red surface, they give the insect a curiously powdered appearance.
They arc to be found in equal plenty on the under-side, especially along the costa of
the fore-wings and the corresponding margin of the hind, but also scattered gener-
ally over the under-surface of the wings and along the edges of the segments of
the body beneath. In the male these scales, though not absent, are few, sometimes
not visible on the abdomen at all, or if present, only on the edges of two or three
segments ; and on the wings they exist only as a very few minute tufts on the dark
chocolate surface. On tlie under-side also they are very sparingly distributed. We
have here, therefore, a most peculiar form of ornamentation, not, as is the usual
case, confined to the male, but existing far more strongly in the female. So far as
at present appears, here also is an instance of complete distinction in both colour
and markings between the larva of the male and that of the female. The pupa is
dark brown, altogether without gloss, but covered with rough sculpture, the
appearance under a lens of rough bark, especially rough upon the abdominal
segments, which also are covei-ed with raised points; cremaster excessively short,
broadly squared, edged with six turned-up points ; limb covers very compact. The
cocoon is very hard, formed of strong silk binding together pieces of leaf and
rubbish.]

Saturnia apollonia. — " These moths are generally found sitting on long grass or
low bushes by day, or under a bush ; but three were caught on the wing at night.
I had gone rather late with a lantern to a flowering bush, and noticed something
white, apparently a feather, rolling along the ground, but upon my holding the light
nearer it went faster, and I promptly netted it. It was a curious sensation suddenly
to find that the object was alive. Its soft movements reminded me of a white owl
on the prowl. We came across another at night in the garden flying low, and I had
a run after the third in the ploughed land by lantern light ; it was only just skim-
ming the ground, but went pretty fast. I have found one roosting on a tree, so
that I thought it was a little bird asleep. Its tints are very lovely. I think that
these must come from buried chrysalids, as they are so generally found in the long

grass under a bush, indeed S has found a chrysalis bare, as you will see, half in

and half out of the ground."

[This pupa-skin, the moth from which was sent, is extremely thick, its dorsal
region being strongly arched ; its general colour pitchy-black, surface dull from
abundant close sculpture, on the wing and limb-covers, of very closely placed
wrinkled eminences, those on the antenna covers arranged in a beautiful cross-
pattern, the dorsal and abdominal segments equally dull from very minute pitting,
each segment sharply ridged, those of the abdomen on both margins ; cremaster
black, thick, with glossy dimples and short upright projections on the upper-side
tapering off to a short, broad, blunt spike. I certainly expected to see a cocoon for
this rather typical Saturnia, but evidently it is allied in this respect to other South
African species of the genera Qynanisa and Nudaurelia. A curious point in con-
nection with this moth is worthy of notice. The usual transparent spot in the fore
and hind-wings, which is in this species quite round and doubly ringed with black,

1901.] 193

is also obscured in each case by a cloud of black scales arranged most beautifully in
rows of minute ripples, so that only the portion nearest the discal cell is actually
diaphanous.]

Nudaurelia araheUa ^ .— " When E went to Libodi with her father she

picked up a very ugly, heavy, earthy-looking caterpillar with a thick ridge across
every segment, and brought it home with difficulty in a handkerchief. It was put
into a tin with some earth, and buried itself before I could figure it. It was quite
smooth, without hairs or spikes. It remained in the chrysalis state for some months,
in the earth, quite naked."

[This pupa-skin, which unfortunately became broken up on the journey, is of
great size, and almost massive ; it has a sharp ridge inside at each segmental division,
and the three free abdominal segments have ridged divisions more than an eighth of
an inch deep, so that, being opened out during emergence, the segments are separated
externally by great deep circular gashes. The exterior surface is stained with the
earth in which it was buried, and is dark chocolate-brown, very dull, roughened with
fine wrinkled eminences and hollows, looking under a magnifier like the bark of a tree,
the limb covers very compact, the antenna covers marked by rows of raised knobs ;
spiracles lai-ge and elongated ; dorsal segments ridged behind ; abdominal segments
strongly so before and behind, and these ridges cross-ribbed ; intermediate surface
of the segments very rough ; cremaster conical, running to a sharp black spike. The
inside surface of the thoracic portion of this pupa is rather shining, and of a pretty
silvery slate colour. On the inside of the anal segment, attached to the skin, are
two round black egg-like bodies, possibly of an excrementitious character.]

Euckromia am(B>ia.—" I found this species in numbers, very locally, flying
round some blossoming and very thorny trees. They looked like animated whorls
in the bright sunshine, and I thought at first that they were beetles, they spun
round with such rapid vibration of the wings before settling; from this cause they
soon became damaged. Early morning or else just before sunset was the best time
for meeting with them, and they were only to be found for a fortnight."

Syntomis KuhlweinH.—" This species I find by day upon blossoming trees,
especially about the thorny trees frequented by the last species ; some also I have
caught by the mulberry hedge when ir, was in blossom, and others about a flowering
juniper tree. It is a great favourite of mine. I have never seen it at night, and its
special time of flying seems to be just before sunset, though on one cloudy grey
evening they were sweeping too and fro with deliberate flight between a juniper and
an orange tree. When settled it is sluggish, and sometimes will allow one to carry
it on a twig or a grass stem. At Annshaw I used to catch it in the day time on the
blossoming lemon-thyme in the garden."

Si/ntotnis fulvescenn.— ''This species was always found in the grass, and also
only in the day time. Its appearance is always more dull or dim than that of
S. Kuhhveinii, its hyaline spots being tinted with yellow-brown."

Thyretes caffra.—'' This species was fairly common at Annshaw, but was only

to be caught at night. Usually it came to the light at the verandah. I do not

remember ever to have seen it by day, it just came to the light at a white-washed

wall when we put a lamp upon the verandah table. It was very easy to catch."

Neosymploca nei«Zo«rt.—" These were caught just at the New Year. Edward

194 [August,

noticed them flying in numbers in tlie Lot sunsliine in a cultivated 'land,' where we
secured specimens. Since then I have come across one or two at intervals, and
early in May they were again flying gaily in groups among the long grass down by
the river, looking as though they were at play. I used to see them occasionally at
Annshaw about the Lantana, generally several at a time. When caught the body is
bright green, and of a very pulpy appearance. I have now reared one from a
chrysalis found upon a common veldt weed, but have another spun up on grass, and
I believe that we found it at Annshaw upon wild asparagus."

[The body of this curious moth, which is closely allied to the genus Proeris,
becomes pale yellow-brown when dry, with an empty appearance ; its wings are
semi-transparent with a smoky tinge in the male, transparent and colourless in the
female, except that there is in each a dark brown dot at the base of each fore-wing;
the thorax is dark brown powdered with white scales, but the antennae are black
and more conspicuous than any other part of the insect. My sister does not seem
to have noticed the larva, but the cocoon, which is fixed upon the stem of some
slender plant, i'^ ovate, pure pearly-white like an exquisite rounded shell ; while the
portions of the pupa-skin protruding from it after the emergence of the moth are
thin, filmy, and absolutely colourless.]

Dasticliira (Liparis) pulcerea, Hampson, n. sp. — " I find this species in the
shrubberies at night, usually by lantern light, sitting upon the trees and bushes, and
sometimes they will fly off and grovel upon the ground. Sometimes they are flying
close to the blossoming aloes. Once I found a male settled with its wings widely
spread on an aloe leaf, and on another occasion one certainly seemed to be feeding
on the aloe honey. From a female found here in October or November I had a
batch of eggs. These hatched in a little over a week. When quite young the
larva is yellow and has a very long tail tuft. Before spinning up the yellowish-
green dorsal tufts changed to bright brown, the white remaining unchanged. At the
beginning of December they were already full grown, their growth, like their move-
ments, being very rapid, and before the last had spun up the first moth had emerged.
These fed up on mimosa, and those found out of doors were upon the same food.
They spun up among the rubbish on the surface of the earth."

[The male of this species reminds one in some degree of that of L. dispar, but
is rather smaller. Fore-wings very pale brown, with transverse lines, dots, and cloud-
ings of dark umbreous, the most conspicuous marking being an oblique band
which crosses a dark discal spot, and attains a similar costal blotch before the apex.
The hind-wings are cloudy grey-brown, and the abdomen and thorax are slender.
The female is much stouter, but not larger in expanse, its fore-wings are more
narrow, white, with faint transverse cloudings and a darker discal spot, the hind-
wings white or whitey-brown. Thus the sexes differ very greatly. I can see no
trace of a tongue, and am inclined to think that the proximity of one of the moths
to the aloe-honey must have been purely accidental. From the figure sent the full
grown larva is not unlike those of our native " Vapourer" moths ; the head yellow,
the tuft of hairs on each side of it long, very slender, or placed closely together,
feathered toward the tip, dark brown ; the bodj' dark purple-brown, with four thick
erect, " blacking-brush " shaped, yellow tufts, followed by a partial white dorsal .'stripe
and a thick white tuft edged with brown, directed obliquely backwards over the anal

1901.] 195

segment, which also is embellished with very long spreading brown hairs directed
backwards ; spiracular region apparently bright red, with orange-red tufts of lateral
hairs mixed with others of a brown tint. The pupa is very glossy, bright red-
brown, its dorsal area covered with scattered hairs.]

{To he continued).

PYRALES, TOETRICES, AND TINEINA OBSERYED ON A VISIT

TO THE ENGADINE IN 1900.

BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., &c.

The smaller species of Lepidoptera we met with have been over-
hauled by Mr. Barrett, who has given ine names for them ; a few
species I also sent to Mr. Diirrant. The latter were Tortrix rigana,
sporadically both at Guarda and Pontresiiia, QJdidonia decimana.
PhaJonia aurofasciana,riithier rubbed, both at Guarda and Pontresina.
Lampronia rupella, Guarda and Pontresina, and Tinea RosenhergereUn.

Scoparia centuriella, two specimens, near Pontresina, muralis and
sudetica, abundant in the house, coming to light, ii ales in] is.

Cramhus falsellus, nlienelhis, Coulonelhis, dumeteJlus, luteeUus,
furcatellus, radieUus, macuJalis, upper M'ooded region near Pontresina.
Pempelia dilutella. Asarta cethiopella, not rare at higher levels
flying with species of Hercjjna, but difficult to see and catch. Herhula
cespitalis, Pyrausta porpliyralis, Botys nigralis, anc/uinalis, aerialis,
alpinnlis, rhododendronalis, pascualis, nehvlalis. Catastia marginea,
common. Aqrotera nemoralis, extremely abundant in many of the
lower meadows at Pontresina. Hercyna Schrankiana, less common
than phrygiaUs and nlpestralis, which often abounded. Phycis
carhonariella.

Cnepliasia JVahlbomiana, var. aJticoJana, common. Tortrix mini-
strana, lusana, especially at the opening of the Heuthal, abundant.
EucJiromia mygindana, common. Aphelia prat ana, Conchy! is deutschiana,
two specimens, one from Guarda, one Pontresina from the higher
ground. Penthina turfosana, one specimen, Guarda. Sericoris
concliana, palustrann, bipuncfana, cespitana, Halonota cirsiana, Stig-
monota coniferana, Dicroramplia alpestrana, Petiverana, var. ?. Scia-
phila Tiyhridana. Simaethis Fahriciana.

Incurvaria vetulella, Pontresina. Lampronia rupella, Nemophora
pilulella, Adela associatella, rufimitrella, Oelechia lentiginosella ?,
tenehreUa, viduella, diffinis, perpetuella, lihertinella, (Ecopliora rhcetica,
Pontresina, (E. sulpTiurella, Anchinia daphneella, Heydenia auromacu-
lella, Biitalisfallacella?, CJiauliodus scurellus, Coleophorajlavaginella.
Pteropliorus tetradactylus, Platyptilia Zetterstedtii, Stenoptilia copro-
dactylus.

Betula, Reigate : ilay, 1901.

196 [August,

DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF ANOPHELES
FROM INDIA.

BY LIEUT.-COL. G. M. GILES, M.B., F.R.O.S., I. M.S., Retd.

On comparino- the collection brought home, with the enormous
mass of material in the British Museum, recently arranged and
described by Mr. Theobald, we found the four additional new forms
described below.

One of them is specialiy interesting fo'- the way in which it
mimielvs Culex, as not only does the insect closely resemble the
common grey Indian gnat, C. fatigans, Wied., but it also copies the
attitude of the rival genus when resting, the females in especial, sitting
"humped up " ni exactly the same way as those of the type genus of
the family. So much is this the case, that on arriving at night at the
rest-house where I first met with the species, I was completely " taken
in " by the fraud, and felt quite safe in dispensing with mosquito
curtains. On this account the species has been named An. culici-
facies. Two of the others come from the Bernrs, on the Dakhan
Plateau, and the third nppears to be a purely hill species liailing from
the Nehilgerri Hills. Although equalled by some American examples
of An. maculipennis, it is certainly the largest of our Indian forms,
and has accordingly been named '' r/iffos.'"

Anopheles gioas, sp. n.

Wing witli the costa black, intciTiipted by a comparatively small fulvous spot
opposite the basal half of the ant. fork-stem ; in addition to which there is a large
apical spot, and the base of the wing is generally pale, except the actual base of the
costa, which has here a black length cut in two by a minute white dot, so that the
general appearance is that of two large black triangular areas, with their bases on
the costa, the inner part of the wing being mainly pale, with but few black vein-
spots. The internal fringe is pale at the apex and generally, towards the base, and
the intervening dark portion shows pale patches at the longitudinal junctions. In
the (? the whole wing is much lighter, there is an additional light spot near the
apex, and the entire fringe is yellow. Thorax of a deep chocolate-brown ground
colour, the dorsum covered with a velvetty, greyish bloom, so arranged as to leave
bare a median and a pair of lateral darker lines. Abdomen dark brown, with some
lighter hairs, and showing on the terga some lighter tomentum, like that on the
thorax.

(^ . — General coloration deep chocolate throughout, the head with the vertex
and frontal tuft yellowish. Antenna two-thirds the length of the proboscis, which
is distinctly longer than the quite unhanded palpi. Halteres with pale stems and
dark knobs.

g. — Altogether lighter, the palpi golden-brown, with dense terminal tufts of
hairs to the joints, about equalling the proboscis in length. Most of the upper

1901] 197

tarsal joints show quite distinct lighter yellow apical bands, tliough they are quite
imperceptible in the ? . His fore-ungues, besides the usual accessory tooth, have a
strong additional one close to the base, representing probably the other claw, which
appears wanting, those of the mid and hind legs are simple and symetrical.

Length, 9 — 10 min.

Hab. : Sent rae by Dr. Price, I. M.S., Eetd., of Conoor, Nehilgerri
Hills, where the species appears fairly common, though it does not
appear to occur in the plains, Couoor lying at au elevation of over
6000 feet above the sea level.

Anopheles culioifacies, sp. n.

Wings with the costa black, except at the apex, interrupted by four small
straw-coloured spots, which grow progressively smaller from base to apex, ail
involving the second long vein ; there is another distinct light spot over the cross
veins, and three more on the principal bifurcations of the long veins, but in the
main the wing is very dark, and the fringe shows no pale patches. Tarsi unhanded,
nearly black. Thorax dai-k-grounded, covered with yellow scales, so arranged as to
show a median and a pair of lateral dark bare lines. Abdominal segments con-
spicuously basally banded with yellowish, being in the fresh state completely
clothed with yellowish and deep brown scales. Head black, with whitish fork
scales on the vertex, but with the frontal tuft ill marked. Antennae, ^ , dark brown,
about three-fourths the length of the proboscis ; palpi of S black, about the length
of the proboscis, with yellowish rings on the last two articulations, and a lighter
tip ; of ? , black, except the whole of the last joint, and, two bands on the next
two articulations, which are straw-coloured, and as the penultimate joint is long,
the second is well down towards the base. Legs black throughout, except minute
yellow bands on the apices of the tibae.

When seen at rest this mosquito presents a close resemblance to C. fatigans,
Wied., as, apart from the conspicuous abdominal banding, the female habitually
sits humped up like a Culex, while even the males keep the body no more than
parallel to the surface they rest on. Length, 3'5 — 4 mm.

Hah. : Iloshaugabad, Central Provinces, and the Benars, India.

Anopheles Listoni, sp. n.

Wing with the costa black, including the actual base, with four yellow spots
distinct, but much smaller than the intervening black portions, the largest light
area being that quite at the base ; there is also an apical spot ; the remaining long
veins are mainly black, but all of them show short lengths of white scales, and a
line of these over the cross veins, combined with one of the costal spots, forms a
distinct light stripe across the wing. The fringe is dark, except at the apex, and
indistinct paler patches opposite one or two of the longitudinal functions. Tarsi
dark, unhanded. Thorax and abdomen much as in A.funestus, mihi. Head black,
with a robust frontal tuft ; forkccT scales mostly dark in the ? , but with many white
ones behind in the S ■ Palpi of ? ; black, witli two narrow rings and a ^.^ linute tip
of white, slightly shorter than the proboscis; those of the ^, as ^^ y as the
proboscis, black-tipped, but with two whitish bands. >

198 [August,

This s|jecies a good deal resembles An. fimestus, but lias an additional white
spot close to the base of the costa, and there are no sharply defined interruptions of
the internal wing-fringe, as in that species. Length, 3"5 — 4 mm.

Hab. : Ellichpur, in the Berars, India.

Anopheles Tueobaldi, sj). n.

9 • — Wing jet black, with the costa interrupted by five obvious white spots,
the basal dots being nearly as large as the spots further out; in addition, there is
an apical spot, and the other long veins, though mainly black, are elaborately
marked with white lengths, and the fringe is interrupted at the junctions of all the
Jong veins and their branches. The last two hind tarsal joints, with the apices of
the other three, are pure white ; and the first two of the mid, and the first three of
the fore tarsals, are apically ■white-banded. The thorax and scutellum are sooty
grounded, with broad lines of white scales, two lateral, and two sub-median.
Abdomen sooty, nude, with brownish hairs.

The head is black, with a bifid white frontal tuft, the nuchal crown white, and
the nape black-scaled. AntenuEe black, with whitish verticils. Proboscis sooty.
Palpi intensely black, with the whole terminal joint, and minute apical rings on the
next three joints, snowy white. Halteres with white stems and black knobs. Legs
brindled with white scales throughout, the white preponderating on the lower
sui-faces, with white knee sjiots and a large sub-apical white patch on the femora ;
the tibiae and first tarsal joints elaborately white-ringed, especially so on the mid
legs. Length, about 3 mm.

This species was sent me first by Lieut. Glen Liston, I. M.S., from Ellichpur, in
the Berars, with a note pointing out its distinctness from any species mentioned in
the first edition of my " Handbook of Gnats and Mosquitos," and though, on first
sorting my collection, I was inclined to regai'd it as a dark variety of An. Jamesii,
its distinctness was at once detected by Mr. Theobald when we came to compare my
collection with the types of that species in the Museum. It differs from that
species in possessing the additional apical wing-spot, although the wing is generally
darker, the second long vein being entirely black, and in but two, instead of three,
of the last hind tarsals, being all white.

Hah : Ellichpur, in the Indian Berars, and also taken in my
house at Shahjahanpur, N.W.P., on October 19th, 19U0.

London : Jtily, 1901.

Rare Diptera in Herefordshire. — During Whit week I was collecting on the
Herefordshire side of the Malvern Hills, chiefly near to West Malvern. Amongst
other things I obtained was a specimen of Brachypalpus bimaculatus, Mcq. This
species is only recorded by Mr. Verrall in his recent work from five localities, and I
believe only one or two specimens have been found"in each place, so that it remains
a very rare, species at present. One of the localities was Ledbury, in Herefordshire,
not more tAltc eight or ten miles away from where I took it this time. I also found
Cheilosiciho ]o\ata, Fall., not uncommon on wild garlic in a very limited ai-ea at

I

1901.] 199

one spot. The species has only been found in a very few places at present. Col.
Yerbury has expressed the opinion, I believe, that it occurs vrherever wild garlic
grows freely ; I had not had an opportunity of testing this before until I found it
in this one s])ot as soon as I looked for it. The garlic, however, grew in most parts
of the district, but I never saw the Cheilofiia anywhere else during the ten days I
was there. — Colbban J. Wainwright, Handsworth, Staffs. : June 23rd, 1901.

Lipara tomentosa, Mcq. (= rufitarsis, Lw.), and tioo rare Tipulidce at Seaton.
— On June 24th I was at Seaton and took a specimen of the above rarity. The
other specimen I have was taken at the Decoy Pond in the New Forest by my father
on June 2nd, 1831. It was named for him by tlie late A. H. Haliday. At the
same place I took Orimarga virgo and Thaumastoptera calceata. — C. W. Dale,
Glanvilles Wootton : July \st, 1901.

[Mr. Verrall kindly informs us that Lipara tomentosa, Mcq., is " an absolute
synonym " of the common L. lucens, Mg. He adds that Mr. Dale's insect may
possibly be L. tomentosa, Perris, iiec Mcq., in which case it might be L. rufitarsis,
Lw. Mr. Verrall j ustly adds that it is not unusual to ask for distinguishing characters
in critical cases such as this. — Eds.].

Two rare Diptera in the New Forest. — During a visit to the New Foi'cst in
May I was fortunate enough to take two Pocota apiformii, Schrk. ( ^ ? ), and four
Psilota anthracina, Mg. {S S)- Both the former were to some extent chance
captures, as the first was taken on the 21st basking in the sun on a leaf of sweet
chestiiut, and the second was found on the 25th under the glass coping in my
garden, but in each case hawthorn trees were near at hand, although not in bloom
at the earlier date. Mr. Verrall describes the ? as " very similar to the male," but
this is not the case with my specimens, the bands on both thorax and abdomen being
pale golden-yellow instead of " tawny or reddish-orange," which gives them more
the appearance of Volucella bomhylans, L., than Criorrhina berberina, F., so much
so that I mistook the first to be a very early homhyJans, and only netted it because
it seemed a variety, and remained under this impression until setting it the next
day. As soon as the trees were well out I mostly turned my attention lo hawthorn
blossom, and although I met with no more P. apiformis, secured two P. anthracina
on the 25th and two more on the 28th. This is rather a sluggish fly, and in two
instances they fell, when taken, to the bottom of the net, apparently feigning death.
— Fred. C. Adams, 50, Ashley Gardens, S.W. : June, 1901.

Odontceus mobilicornis, F., at Tunhridge Wells. — I found a vei-y lively male of
this insect in my garden water tank this morning. It is the first time I have seen
the species alive.— G. Lewis, 87, Frant Road, Tunbridge Wells : July \2th, 1901.

Albinic aberration of Bactra lanceolana, Hb. — On August 22nd, 1892, I had
the good fortune to capture at Studland,in the Isle of Purbeck, a remarkable albinic
aberration of Bactra lanceolana. The fore-wings are pure white, partially tinged
with cream, especially towai'ds the base, with some small pale brown spots and marks

200 [August,

on the margins, and two or three more on tlie surface of the wing, of which tlie
largest is beyond tlie middle, and indistinctly represents part of the ordinary
V-shaped dark mark. The hind-wings are spotless white, while the head, palpi,
thorax, patagia, abdomen, and anal tuft, are creamy-white, but the antennae have
the usual dark annulations. The individual is a rather small male. Pale ochx-eous
and whitish examples of lanceolana are sometimes met with, but this is by far the
whitest aberration that I have ever seen. — Eustace R. Bankes, Norden, Corfe
Castle : June 20th, 1901.

ArgyrestMa Atmoriella, BnJcs., in the Isle of Purheclc. — It affords me especial
pleasure to be able to record the capture of Argyresthia Atmoriella in the Isle of
Purbeek, for not only is it an interesting and welcome addition to the Purbeck and
Dorset Lists, but it has not so far been recorded from anywhere in this part of
England, nor indeed from outside the counties of Norfolk, Kent and Surrey. My
previous efforts to meet with it in this district had met with no success, but on the
5th of this month I succeeded in finding it in one spot, wliere, by diligently beating
some young larch trees on several occasions I have secured a nice, though limited,
series. It is well established there, but by no means too plentiful, for I have had to
be fully satisfied with four or five specimens as the result of an hour's energetic work
under favourable conditions. The moth seems very sluggish by nature, and although
several long evenings up till dark have been spent in its haunts, I have never yet
seen it on the wing of its own accord, though I should imagine that its flight-time
is in the evening. It will be remembered tliat the larva and its habits were dis-
covered by Lord Walsingham, and described by him in Ent. Mo. Mag., x, 142
(1899).— Id : June 20fh, 1901.

p.S. — On June 21st I netted a specimen of A. Atmoriella on the wing at 7.40
p.m. The evening was calm and sultry, with an overcast sky. I had just been
beating larches a few yards away from the tree beside which it was taken, but it is
most improbable that I had disturbed it : apart from tliis, its flight was brisk and
business-like, being markedly different from the sluggish flight of all tliose that I
had beaten out, including the three specimens captured during an hour and a half
spent in working for the species on that same evening. — E. E. B. : July ist, 1901.

Note on Metzneria littoreJla, Dgl. — I am glad tliat my note on this species in
the May No. of this Magazine appeared just in time to enable Mr. Sydney Webb
to give us the interesting information, published ante pp. 149-50, about the original
Bi-itish specimens captured by the late Mr. S. Stevens. The third specimen given
away by Mr. Stevens, of which Mr. Webb says that he does not know tlie present
owner, seems clearly to be the one in my own collection that I purchased at the sale
of the late Mr. J. Jenner Weir's collection in May, 1894 ; it was included in Lot
208, though its name did not appear in the sale catalogue, and on my showing it to
Mr. Stevens, lie told me he had no doubt that it was one of his Ventnor specimens.
Mr. Weir, following liis usual custom with the smaller fry, had mounted it on a
cork block, and cut off the pin a little above the thorax. The specimen given by
Mr. Stevens to the late Mi-. J. B. Hodgkiiison is now in Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher's
collection.

19010 201

It is interesting to learn from Mr. Webb tliat tlie original s)3eciinens were
captured as early as April. My inaccurate assertion {ante p. 121) that they were
taken " early in May " was based on a comparison of the statements by Mr. Douglas
[Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N. S., i, 67 (1850)], whose description oi littorella as n. sp.
was published two years after its first discovery, and Mr. Stainton [Ins. Brit.
Lep. Tin., 128 (1854)], that the insect was taken by Mr. Stevens " in May," with
Mr. Stevens' own i-emark {in lift., 7/10/86) that the " end of April, or early in May,
is the time."

In the absence of any evidence to support it, it seems to me most probable that
Stainton's inclusion, in Man. ii, 341, of Birkenhead as a locality for littorella is
untrustworthy, and that it was based on an error of identification on the part of
the correspondent who furnished him with the list of Lepidoptera reputed to occur
in that neighbourhood. — Id. : June 20th, 1901.

Hemerobitis concinniis, var. qiiadrifasciatii^. — Referring to Mr. Kenneth J.
Morton's interesting paper in the current number of the Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 163, Mr.
Morton has evidently overlooked a " List of the Neuroptera and Trichoptera of
Yorkshire " I publislied in the " Naturalist" of April, 1897, where this form only
is i-ecorded as occurring at Sledmere. In that locality it is abundant, but I have
never seen the typical form there ; and the " variety " is so different in appearance
that ever since I first took it I have had a strong suspicion that it must be a distinct
species. — Geo. T. Porritt, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield : July 13<A, 1901.

[Neither at home nor on the continent have I ever found the two " forms "
together. On the continent qtiadrifasciatus is by far the more abundant according
to my experience, and in the high alps it is almost black. Dr. Eeuter and Mr.
Morton draw a comparison with H. nernosiis, but to my mind confusion is far more
likely with H. Mortoni ; cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1899, p. 80.— R. McLachlan].

A neiv Russian Entomological Journal.— "Yheve has been commenced at Jaros-
lawl in Russia a Journal of which the French title is " Revue Russe d'Entomologie."
Each part will be published every two months, and will contain two to three sheets
(or 16 to 20 sheets annually). It is devoted to general Entomology, and articles
may be published in Russian, Latin, French, German, or English. There are six
editors, some of whom are well known in connection with the Russian Entomological
Society at St. Petersburg. The price is 8 siiillings (English), and communications
should be addressed to M. N. R. Kokonyew, Dvorianskaia 24, Jaroslawl, Russia.
Sold also by Friedlander & Son, and F. Dames, in Berlin. With the exception of
the " Horse Societatis EntomologicEE Rossicse," no other publication exclusively de-
voted to Entomology exists in the Russian Empire, so there should be room for
this.

Birmingham Entomological Society : June 17th, 1901.— Mr. H. Wil-
lOUGHBY Ellis, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. J. Wainwright showed a specimen of the rare Dipteron, Brachypalpus
himaculatus, Mcq., taken at West Malvern in Whit week, 1901. Mr. Ellis the

202 [August,

following Coleoptera : Ci/chrus rostratus from Dovedale ; Pterostichus strioln with
its eggs, also from Dovedale ; Phytodecla rufpes and Apoderus coriiUhoiAx ^rom
Knovvle ; and Elafer pomontm from Cannock ; also tlie curiously coiled up leaves
in which are laid the eggs of Attelabus curculionoides and Depordus betulee. Mr.
A. D. Ininis, an immature specimen of Phi/Uodromia germanica taken from the
Universitj Buildings, Birmingham, and said that he believed it to be the first
occurrence of the species in the Midlands. Mr. A. H. Martineau said that he had
taken J and ? of the rare ant, Myrmecina Latreillei at Cannock Chase, the
nearest place from which he had known it formerly being Selsley, Glos. Mr. K. C.
Bradley, Anisopteryx cescularia, taken from the city boundaries near Cannon Hill.
Mr. G. W. Wynn showed long series of Tceniocampa gracilis, T. instahills, and T.
ruhricosa, all taken on sallows at Hampton in Arden this year, also CucuUia chanw-
milla from Marston Green.— Co LBRAN J. Wainwright, Hon. Sec.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Soctett :
April 2hth, 1901.— Mr. H. L. Fremlin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The evening was devoted to a special lecture by Mr. E. Kearton on " Wild Life
in Nature," illustrated by a large number of original lantern slides.

May 9fh, 1901.- -The President in the Chair.

Mr. Step exhibited a nnmber of living specimens of the fungus inhabiting a
Coleopteron, Mycefop/iagns qnadripustulatus, from the banks of the Brent. Mr.
Kemp, between seventy and eighty cases made by larvro of Caddis flies {Trichoptera),
of the genera Phryganea , Limnophihis, l?eriocostoma,A nabolia and Molaiina, from the
neighbourhood of London and Oxford ; numbers of examples were composed wholly
or partly of freshwater shells. Mr. Enock, living nymphs of Anax imperator,
Mschna cyanea, Bracliyiron pratense, Calopferyx splenden.i, and IHrytJtromma naias,
from the Black Pond, Esher and Byflect. Mr. Edwards, a species of trap-door
spider from Jamaica, together with its nest; a large species of dragon-fly from
Bogota, and a specimen of the lantern-fly, Fulgora lantenaria. Mr. Clark, photo-
graphs of the ova of TcBniocampa stahiUs and Eniwmos tiliaria. Mr. Turner, a
living nymph of Anax imperator. Ur. Chapman, living specimens of Thais polyx-
ena bred from larva; taken in the South of France. Mr. Fremlin, several cultures
of Bacteria obtained from the dead pupfe exhibited by Mr. Adkin several meetings
ago. A discussion ensued. Mr. W. Bateson, F.E.S. , gave an address on "Recent
Advances in the Study of Heredity," and exhibited numerous specimens in illus-
tration.

May mrd, 1901.— Mr. W. J. Lucas, B.A., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr, Eobert Adkin exhibited living examples of the Coleopteron Pyrophorus
noctiJucus, from Jamaica, and contributed notes. Mr. F. M. B. Carr, a large number
of species of Lepidoptera taken or bred this year, mainly from the New Forest,
including, Drywonia chaonia, Anficlea nigrofasciata, Cidaria psiHacata, Asphalia
flavicornin, A. ridetis, &c. Mr. Step, a considerable number of lantern slides, illus-
trative of his address on " Spring Notes." Some were from photographs taken at
Oxshott during the Society's Field Meeting. — Henry J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: May ].</, 1901. — The-Eev. Canon W.
W. Fowler, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited for Mr. H. W. Vivian a specimen of Xylcq^ha^ia

1901.] 203

lateritia, Hiifn., a species not liitherto recorded in the British Islands, taken in 8oiith
Wales by Mr. W. E. R. Allen, also Deinpcia 'pidcheUn from the same district;
Dianthecia lutcago, \ar. Barrettii, from one of the islands off the Glamorganshire
coast ; and varieties of PJHpithecia virgaureaia, much blackened, E. lariciata, E.
satyrati,, and E. cxiguata, taken in the county of Grlamorgan by Mr. Vivian. Mr. M.
Jacoby, specimens of lleliucopris gigas, L., from Mashonaland, and SilpJia biguttata,
Fairm., from Patagonia. Sir George Hampson, two females of an apterous Lasio-
campid from the Transvaal, with cocoon and ova bred by Col. J. M. Fawcett, 5th
Lancers; the larvae is very much like that of the British Lasiocampa ruhi ; the
female does not emerge from the cocoon, its antennae being aborted and all the
■joints coalesced with a flabcllate organ with slight strife indicating the joints, the
fore tibioD short with traces of tibial claws ; the male is unknown, and as Colonel
Fawcett was on active service at the time of emergence he was unable to expose the
female for the purpose of attracting the male. Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, specimens
of Ripersia Tnmlini, Nowst., a Coccid new to Britain, taken with Lasius niger at Port-
land in April, 1900 ; the species was first discovered in Guernsey. Mr. C. P. Pickett,
aberrations and varieties of Li/crowo hellargus, L. Corydon, and L. Astrarchc, taken
by him in August, 1900, at Folkestone and Dover. Mr. H. Goss, a gynandromor-
phous specimen of Lycmna hellargus which he had taken at Reigate in June, 1900 ;
it had the characters of a male in the right wings, and the characters of a female in
the left wings, which were, however, not entirely free from the blue scales of the
male. Dr. Chapman, a cocoon of Anlheraio, viylitta and a flint fi'om Redhill, two
objects with practically nothing in common ; whilst dissenting in toto from those
who see nothing in many cases of mimicry but accidental resemblance, he pre-
sented them with this as a case undoubtedly in accordance with their views, the
cocoon and the flint being remarkably alike. Professor Poulton, an apparatus in-
vented by him to determine the strength of the formic acid shot out by the ant in
defence of its nest. Mr. Donistliorpe, he said, had noticed that a shower of formic
acid had sometimes a great effect, and he thought it would be interesting to determine
the quantity of anhydrous acid ; in the case of Dicranura vinula the fluid, which
contains 45 per cent, of acid, was painful in the eye, but did not damage the skin or
body ; he considered that the acid was only virulent during the time that the larvae
and pupae were in the nest, and that it was used purely for defensive purposes.
Mr. F. Enock, numerous specimens, illustrative of the metamorphoses of dragon-flies.
Mr. F. Enock read a paper, entitled, " The Metamorphoses of Jischna cyariea,
illustrated by the electric lantern with photographs from life." Sir Geo. Hampson,
Bart., a paper on " The Classification of a New Family of the Lepidoptera." Mr.
Martin Jacoby, a paper, entitled, " A further contribution to the knowledge of
African Phytophagous Coleoptem." Mr. Gilbert J. Arrow, a paper, entitled, " The
Carabid genus Plieropsophus : Notes and Descriptions of New Species."

June btk, 1901. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited a male specimen of Odontceus inohilicornis, one
of the rarest of British beetles, captured at Woking on May 28th. Mr. Donis-
thorpe said that the same species had also been taken this year at Bournemouth by
Mr. and Mrs. Jackson. Mr. R. McLachlan, four specimens of a curious bug of the
genus Henicocephalus received from Mr. G. V. Hudson, of Wellington, New Zealand;

204 [Augvist, 1901.

he tliouglit the genus, although of very wide distribuliou, had not jireviously been
noticed in that countrj. Mr. Clmnipion said that lletiicocephalus was generally
recognised as a type in itself of a family, and Mr. Kirkaldy that it was much com-
moner than generally supposed. It w;is probably only an aberrant form of the
ReduviideB having no stridulating apparatus on the presternum. Mr. C. P. Pickett,
a series of Smerinthiis tilia\ bred during May, 1900-1, including one male speci-
men having the right upper wing banded, tlic left wing with the two ordinary spots;
a banded female ; a male with only one spot ; and a richly coloured female. Mr. C.
Gr. Barrett, imagines, cocoons, pupa skins, and also water-colour sketches of larvae,
reared and drawn by Miss Frances Barrett, at Buntingville, Pondoland, South
Africa, including Hesperia keltloa, Leucaloa eugraphica, Liparis pulverea, Leiio-
dora montana, Trabele ochroleuca, Chilena prompta, Braura ligniclusa, Eutricha
pithyocampa, DuUcJda fasciata, Porela ^obria,.£hanidophora phedonia, Sphingo-
morpha chlorea {Monteironin). Dr. A. Jefferis Turner, specimens of Australian
wood-boring Lepidoptera belonging to four different families. They included —
I't/ralidcB : Doddiana xi/Ioryctis, Turn. GeJechida : Crgpiophasa Jfavolineata, and
C. hemipsila. Turn., Maroga mythica, Meyr., M. setiotricha, Meyr., Uzucha
horealis, Turn. CossidcB : Dudgeona actinias, Turn., Xyleutes pulchra, Eoths., X.
Macleayei, X. nephocosma, Turn. HepialidcB : Charagia mirahilis, Eoths., C.
ramsayi, Seott, and C. cyanochlora, Lower. Mr. H. Goss, for Mr. Ernest Ardron,
of Colombo, Ceylon, two specimens of a species of Fhylliuni {PhasmidcB). They
bore an extraordinary resemblance to leaves. He also showed three varieties of the
male of Melitcea Cinxia, which he had taken on the 27th and 28th of May at
Niton, Isle of Wight. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, two new genera and species of
CoJeoptera recently described by him in the Ann. and jMag. Nat. Hist, from Rio
Janeiro. One belonged to the aberrant PrionidcB {Pathoceriis Wagneri) ; the other
{Tetraphalerus Wagneri) belonged to the Cupesida, and was remarkable for the
form of its head. He also exhibited ^ and ? of the curious Scarabaid, Glyphoderes
sterquilinus, Westw., from North Argentina. Mr. II. St. J. Donisthorpe, a glove
burnt by discharges of formic acid in the nests of Formica rufa. In connection
with the apparatus exhibited at the last meeting to determine the strength of this
acid, Professor Poulton said that the discharges collected in the tubes fluctuated
greatly in strength, the strongest yielding a proportion of 60 to 70 per cent, of
anhydrous acid, a drop of which placed by Mr. Holroyd on the back of his hand
left a distinct scar some days after the application. The discharge of Dicramira
vinula, he added, showed a strength of about 45 per cent., and Mr. F. Merrifield
remarked that in breeding the larvse the acid liberated by this species left a yellow
stain on the leno, making it rotten. Mr. W. Schaus communicated " A Eevision
of the American Notodontidce," and Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe read a paper on
" Cases of Protective Eesemblance, Mimicry, &c., in British Coleojjtera." Professor
Poulton said that the facts were admitted iii the Lepidoptera, and it was interesting
to see how far they were borne out in the Coleoptera. The CeridcB mimicked
other distasteful Coleoptera, e.g., the Cantharidce ; the Lamiidw of Borneo were
mimicked by other Coleoptera, and on the whole it would be found that the
parallelism of facts between Lepidoptera and Coleoptera was far greater than
anticipated. The Eev. Canon Fowler, Sir Greorge Hampson, Mr, G. C. Champion,
and Mr. E. Trimen continued the discussion.— H. Eowland Beown, Hon. Sec.

September, 1901]. ' 205

BALEAEIC INSECTS.
INTRODUCTION, BY EDWAUD B. POULTON, M A., F.B.S.,

Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford,
Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford.

Having recently paid two visits to Majorca, the first in the spring
of 1900, the second in the summer of the present year, I hope that
the material obtained may be gradually worked out by specialists, and
published. Thus a systematic beginning, at any rate, of the study of
the little known insect fauna of Majorca will be undertaken. The
results of a couple of days' collecting in Minorca, April Gth and 7th,
1900, are also included, together with material obtained later, in the
summer of the same year, and kindly sent me by Seii. Mauricio
Hernandez of Mahon. The insect fauna of Minorca is, however,
comparatively well known, especially the CoJeoptera, a very complete
list having been published (Mahon, 1872) by the late Dr. D. Francisco
Cardona of Mahon.

The island of Majorca is about 60 miles in greatest length by
40 in greatest breadth. From the zoological aspect it presents three
types of country : —

(1) The level plains, which are cultivated with remarkable dili-
gence, so that the indigenous and derived insect faunas are almost
confined to the road-sides, the beds of streams, occasional gardens,
the neighbourhood of irrigation tanks, and the very few fields in
which wild flow^ers have been permitted to remain.

(2) The mountains, chiefly developed and loftiest along the
straight N.W. coast of the island, but also rising from the plains in
isolated ridges and rounded masses. Here too the slopes are terraced
and cultivated wath extraordinary care, but numerous flowers exist,
especially in the neighbourhood of the corn fields, and woods of low
trees are to be found in many places. The higher steeper slopes are
largely made up of bare rock with a scanty vegetation. A coarse
grass growing in tufts is fairly abundant on some of the slopes. Some
of the hills are almost covered with the palmetto, affording very barren
ground to the collector. Pigs and goats are fed where the ground is
not cultivated, even on the steepest and rockiest hill-sides.

(3) The low marshy land lying along the N.E. coast, bordering
a portion of the circumference of the bays of Alcudia and Pollensa.
This is probably the richest collecting ground in the island, and it has
been unfortunately very little worked. Mr. Oldfield Thomas and
Mr. l^ T. Pocock collected for a day at Albufera, near tlie Bay of
Alcudia, in the spring of 1900, and found the insects more abundant

206 September,

and varied than elsewhere. T collected in the smaller area, called the
"Little Albufera," adjoining the Bay of Pollensa in 1900, and again
on two occasions, with Mr. W. Holland and Mr. A. H. Hamm, in July
of the present year. We much wished to collect systematically in
the larger and more important tract visited by Mr. Thomas and Mr,
Pocock, but the prevalence of malaria at Alcudia prevented us. Even
at Pollensa, where there is a little malai'ia, we were regularly bitten
by numbers of mosquitos every night (although, as Mr. Theobald
informs me, the specimens we brought home were only CuJex pipiens,
L.), and finding that mosquito curtains were unknown at the Fondas
in Alcudia, I decided that the risk was too great. Had I been aware
of the conditions I should have arranged to take portable mosquito-
proof coverings.

From the above account it will be clear that only a small pro-
portion of the indigenous insect fauna can now be looked for in
Majorca. Excessive cultivation, continued from a remote historic
period, cannot fail to have destroyed by far the larger number of the
species. At the same time there is reason to hope that the remainder
will exhibit many features of interest.

Minorca is probably relatively much richer than Majorca. There
is not that excessive devotion to agriculture which is so characteristic
of Majorca, but grass is grown freely, and with it a varied and
tolerably luxuriant vegetation. The surface of the island is much
flatter and less interesting, the highest hill, Mount Toro, being only
1150 feet.

The first two sections, by Mr. Edward Saunders, contain an
account of the Hymenoptera Aculeata and the Hemiptera collected in
the spring of 1900 by Mr. Thomas and Mr. Pocock, and presented to
the British Museum of Natural History, and those collected by me
at the same time and presented to the Hope Department of the
Oxford University Museum. The specimens described below may be
seen in these two Institutions. I have added a few notes of locality,
habits, &c. The third section, by Col. J. W. Terbury, will contain
an account of the Dlptera collected by the same naturalists at the same
times and places as the Uymenoptera and Hemiptera.

The following is an account of the route I followed in 1900.

March 2'lth, 25th and part of 26th -Palma. Collected at Porto
Pi, and especially in the grounds of Bellver Castle (150 to 400 feet),
where flowers were very abundant. This was the most favourable
locality I met with during the' visit in 1900. Weather fine and sunny.

March 26th and 27th — Valldemosa and Miramar. High ground

1901.] 207

with mountains behind and sea in front ; weather sunny. Col-
lected (27th) by road-side from Miramar to Valldemosa, and in
Arch-Duke's garden and the cliff below. Then drove to Soller.

March 28th and 29th— Soller. Excessively cultivated valley,
surrounded by high mountains. AVeather cold and cloudy, unsuitable
for collecting. Eeturned to Palma on 29th.

March 30th— Bellver Castle in the morning (sunny) : then to
Manacor.

March 31st— Manacor, cloudy and cold : travelled to Pollensa,
collecting in a field at Empalme on the way.

April 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th— Pollensa. Collected on low hills
near the town (1st and 2nd), and on the way to the Castillo del Rey
on the 3rd, the road rising to a considerable elevation as it approached
the coast. These three days sunny and warm. On the 4th (cloudy)
collected on the low ground and in the ditches by the Port of Pollensa.
Left for Minorca at night.

April 5th, 6th and 7th— Mahon, Minorca. Hard rain on 5th.
On the Gth and 7th collected at a low elevation near Mahon ; very
windy and cloudy (gleams of sun on the Gth).

Mr. Thomas and Mr. Pocock collected at Inca, Majorca (March
24th to April 2nd, 1900), a small town lying towards the centre of
the island in the richly cultivated plain, but near to the N.W. chain
of mountains. They collected insects chiefly on the hill-sides, near
the water-tanks, and in the copses in the neighbourhood of the town,
making one excursion to the Albufera near Alcudia, and another to
the caves of Manacor.

In Minorca they collected at San Cristobal (April Gth to 15th,
1900), a small village lying from two to three miles distant from the
southern coast of the island at an altitude of about 300 feet. The
country round is given over to cultivation ; but on the slopes of the
deep limestone gullies that run from the village down to the sea, as
well as on the sides of a rugged hill a mile or so to the north of the
village, the soil has been left to a considerable extent undisturbed.
Here and along the sides of the main road, where wild flowers,
especially a species of clover, grew luxuriantly, most of the Hymen-
optera were procured (see also P. Z. S., 1901, pp. 35, 36).

This account will make clear the captors of any of the specimens
mentioned below, but it may be stated generally that when no name
is given after the locality the capture was made by me.

Oxford : July, 1901.

U 2

208 [Soptember,

BALEARIC INSECTS.— HYMENOPTEB A ACULEATA
Collected in Majorca and Minorca (March and April, 1900) by E. B.

POFLTON, OlDFIELD ThOMAS, AND E. I. POCOCK, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW

SPECIES.

BY EDWARD SAUXDERS, F.L.S., &c.

Catuponottis Sicheli, Mayr, $ , 2, Monte Sentuiri, near Pollensa, Majorca,
April 2nd.

Lasius niqer, Linn., ^ , 2, Pollensa, April 1st and 2nd.

AphcE)io(i aster harhara, Linn., ^ , 11, Palma, Majorca, March 24th. testa-

ceopilosa, Linn., $ , 9, Palma, Majorca, March 24th.

MutiUn quinquemaculata, Cyr., ? , 1, near Mahon, Minorca, April 6th.

Elis oiliata. Fab., ,^ , 26, 9 i 1- This species was excessively abundant in the
e;rounds of Castle Bellver, Palma, Majorca, March 25th, 26th, and 30th. It was in
this locality that the only female out of 39 individuals captured was secured (March
25th). Specimens were also obtained fi-om the summit of the Puig de Maria,
Pollensa, April 2nd, and from the suinmit of the Talayot of Trepueo, near Mahon,
Minorca. The species was tlius never seen except on hills and mounds. The
insects flew close to the ground, continually alighting on the earth and stones, E. B.
P. ; 3 <? , 1 ? , not localised, Thomas and Pocock, 1900.

Pompilus niafiru.i, L., ? , 5 (wings very dark), Castle Bellver, March 26th and
30th ; below Castle del Rey, Pollensa, April 3rd ; Monte Sentuiri, Pollensa, April
2nd.

AmmopMla hirsuta, Scop., 9,9, Palma, March 24th; Bellver, March 25th,
26th, and 30th ; Miramar, March 27th (Hernandez).

Pelopaus spirifex, L., J ? , Minorca.

Odijnerus pnrietum, L., (? , 2, Pollensa, Monte Sentuiri, and Puig de Maria,
April 2nd ; i? , 2, Minorca, near Talayot of Trepueo, near Mahon, April 6th ; <? ,
Inca, Majorca, and San Cristobal, Minorca, March and April, 1900, Thomas and

Pocock. sp. ?, (^,2. I should not like to name this for certain without seeing

both sexes. Minorca, N. of Port Mahon, April 7th.

Polistes (jallica, L., $, 5, Minorca, near Talayot of Trepueo, April 6th.

? , 8, Majorca, Palma, Porto Pi, March 24th ; Castle Bellver, March 25th and
30th ; Miramar to Valldemosa, March 27th ; Pollensa, April 2nd and 3rd (very
abundant) ; Albufera and Inca, Majorca, March and April, Thomas and Pocock.

Prosopis, sp. ?, 3 , closely allied to Masoni, Saund., but on a single example I
cannot detei-mine it for certain. Pollensa, Monte Sentuiri, April 2nd.

SpTiecodes ftiscipennis, Germ. (var. with red legs), 3 <? , 3 9, Pollensa, base of
Monte Sentuiri, April 2nd (on flowers) ; Castle Bellver, March 25th and 30th.
^ and 2 ? , not localised Thomas, and Pocock, 1900.

JTaHctus scahiosfp, Rossi, ? , 6, Castle Bellver, March 25tli and 30th ; Miramar,
March 27th (on flowers) ; ? , Inca, Majorca, March, and 1 ? not localised,

Thomas and Pocock, 1900. ma/achurtix, K., 9 , 1, Pollensa, Puig de Maria,

April 2nd. villosulus, K., 9 , 3, Castle Bellver, March 30th ; Pollensa, Monte

Sentuiri, April 2nd. sp. ?, 9 , 6, Castle Bellver, March 25th, 26th, and 30th ;

Pollensa, April 3rd. cephalietis, Mor., 9 , 1, Pollensa, Puig de Maria, April 2nd.

1901] 209

Halictus soror, n. sp., ? , 2, Castle Bellver, March 26tli and 30tli.

¥ . H. morioni, affinis, obscure viridi-niger, capite thoraceque albopilosis opacis,
creberriiiie punctatis, facie sac elongata, plus minus ut in punctatisnimo forniata,
clypeo plus quaiu diiuidio latitudiiiis sui ultra oculis projecto, abdominis segmenti-
bus subiiiiuaiitibus, viridi-nigris crebre punctatis, iipicibus, prsesertim in lateribus,
raldc impressis, marginibus posticis piceis ; pedibus nigris. Long., 6 — 7 mm., a
Morioni differt facie valde elongata, corpoi'e opaco, colore viridi-nigro non seneo-
nigro crebriore punctate, prsesertim in segmento basali abdominis.

$ . a morioni differt capite elongato, clypeo valde producto.

1 have received both sexes of this species from Algeria, taken by
Eev. A. E. Eaton, aud I have made my remarks ou the ^J from oue of
his captures.

Andrena morio, BruUe', V . 4, Castle Bellver, March 30th ; c? a"d V > Inca,

Majorca, Thomas and Pocock, 1900. rosce, Pz. (r. Trimmerana), ? , 1, Miraniar,

March 27th. sp. ?, $ (stylopized), Miramar, March 27th. Owynana, K., ? ,

var. ?, very obscure in coloration, Miramar, March 27th (on floveers). nigra-

olivacea, Dours, 8 <? , 1 ? . The males, Miramar, March 27th (on flowers) ; female,
PoUensa, April 3rd. The males are of the ordinary type of this species, but the ?

is peculiar in having the tibiaj black instead of testaceous. -Jtavipes, Pz., ^

fulvlcrus, Kirb., ^ 2, ? 6, Castle Bellver, March 25th and 30th ; Pollensa, April

2nd.- — var.?, ?, 1; nob localised, Thomas and Pocock, 1900. sp. ?, group of

AJzeliella, &c., $ , 3, Castle Bellver, March 30th ; Pollensa, April 2nd and 3rd.

Dioyxs cincta, Jur., ? , 2, San Cristobal, Minorca, April 6th to 14th, 1900,
Thomas and Pocock.

Noniadafucata. Pz.,var. iberica, $ , 1, not localised, Thomas and Pocock, 1900.

NoMADA PouLTONi (n. sp.), <? 1, $ 3, Castle Bellver, one female, March 25th,
all others March 30th (on flowers), all wei-e captured on the summit of the hill
(iOO ft.) outside the castle.

(J . Caput nigrum opacum, creberrime rugoso-punctatum ochraceo-fusco dense
hirsutum, clypeo antice, faciei lateribus, macula minuta supra clypeum lineaque pone
oculis, mandibulis (apicibus piceis exceptis), labroque flavis, hoc inermi ; antennis
fulvis, scapo, articulisque 3 — 9, supra plus minus nigris, flagelli articulis 2<io 3tio
que subaequalibus, 3ti", quarto, pauUo longiore. Thorax niger, sculptura vestituque
capiti simillimus, tegulis, callis humeralibus, maculaque pleurali sub tuberculis,
maculisque duabus minutis scutellaribus flavis, alls subinfuscatis, nervis piceo-
testaceis. Abdomen superne punctatissimum, fere ut in fucata, Pz. coloratum,
segmento basali omnino lajte ferrugineo, reliquis fascia Integra, medio subcon-
stricta, flava ornatis, 5, 6, 7, fere totis flavis ; septimo apicc emarginato ; subtus
testaceum, nitidum, segmento sexto valde punctato, ceteris fei'e impunctatis ; pedibus
fulvis, coxis, trochanteribus, femoribusque linea subtus nigra; tibiis posticis prope
apicem unco uno raunitis, metatarsorum lateribus subparallelis.

? . Nigra, clypeo, macula supra clypeum, faciei lateribus, mandibulis (apicibus
nigris exceptis) labro, antennis, linea pone oculis, tegulis, callis humeralibus, macu-
laque obscura antice pleurale sub callis, scutelli tuberculis, linea subscutelli,
abdomine, pedibusque Isete forrugineis ; abdominis segmento quarto basi transverse
nigro maculato, capite et thorace obscuris valde et creberrime punctatis, pilis fusco-

210 [September,

nigris dense veetitis, alis saturate iiifiiscatis ; abilomine submicante subtilissiiue et
creberrimc punctato, tibiis posticis apicibus produetis, uncis duobus incurvafis
iiigro-fuscis armatis. Long., 13 — 14 mui.

This fiue species, which i have much pleasure iu nauiiug after its
talented captor, is somewhat allied to poecUonota, Perez, but is very
different in the black pubescence of the head and thorax and the
general coloration.

Xylocopa violacea, L., $ , 1, Valldemosa, Majorca, March 27th.

Ceratlna DaUatorreana, Friese, 9, 1, Inca, Majorca, March, 1900, Tlionias
and Pocock.

Chalicodoma sicula, Rossi, $ 22, 9 lOj Minorca, near Mahon, April 6th.

$ 10, ? 15, Majorca, Porto Pi, March 24th ; Castle Bellver, March 25th and 30th ;
PoUensa, April 2nd ; between PoUensa and Castle del Rey, April 3rd ; Miramar to
Valldemosa, March 27th. In Majorca these insects were found in stony hilly
country, frequently settling on the ground. They were extremely hard to catch.
In Minorca, on the other hand, they were far more abundant and easily captured.
The difference may have been due to the colder, more windy, weather in the latter
island (E. B. P.). San Cristobal, Minorca, and Inca, Majorca, March and April,
1900, Thomas and Pocock.

Anthidium 1-dentatum, Latr., ? , Castle Bellver, March 26th.

Osmia cornuta, Ltr., ? , 1, Miramar, March 27th (on flowers). 9 , not local-
ised, 1900, Thomas and Pocock. Latreillei, <? , 2, Castle Bellver, March 26th

(on wall) ; Minorca, near Talayot of Trepuco, April 6th. suhmicans, Mor., $ ,

near Talayot of Trepuco, Mahon, Api-il 6th; San Cristobal, Minorca, April 6th to

14th, 1900, Thomas and Pocock. ctjerulescens,'L., S ,2, San Cristobal, Minorca

April 6th to 14th, 1900, Thomas and Pocock.

Eucera numida, Lep., ? , 1, near Mahon, April 6th (M. Hernandez). niffri-

labris, Lop., $ , 10, Palma, March 24th (on cruciferous flowers) ; Castle Bellver,

March 25th and 30th. grisea, Fab., ? , 1, Minorca, near Talayot of Trepuco,

April 6th; 2 c? , 1 ? , Inca, Majorca, Thomas and Pocock ; 5 ? ,no locality, Thomas

and Pocock. S I'l, ? 21, Porto Pi, March 24th ; Castle Bellver, March 25th

and 30tli (on flowers).

Melecta luctuosa, Scop., (J 2, 9 !> Castle Bellver, March 25th ; Miramar to
Valldemosa, March 27th ; PoUensa to Castle del Rey, April 3rd ; Inca, Majorca,
Thomas and Pocock, 1900. plurinotafa, BruUe, (J 1, Castle Bellver, March 23rd.

Podalirius quadrifasciatus, Villers, ? 5, Minorca, 1900 (Hernandez).

pilipes;F., c? 7, ? 23, Palma, March 24th; Castle Bellver, March 25th, 26tli, and
30th ; Miramar, March 27th ; Valldemosa, March 27th (colonics flying round their
nests in holes iu walls) ; PoUensa, April 3rd and 4th, A very abundant species,
always found on flowers except at Valldemosa. $ 1, not localised, Thomas and

Pocock, 1900. nigrocinctus, Ijep., $ 2, Minorca, near Talayot of Trepuco, April

6th. <? 3, ? 11, Castle Bellver, March 25th, 26th, and 30th (abundant on

flowers). $ , Inca, Majorca, March, 1900, Thomas and Pocock. balearicus,

Friese, <J 1, ? 2, Castle Bellver, March 30th j PoUensa to Castle del Rey, April 3rd.
1 c? ) Thomas and Pocock, 1900.

1901.] 211

Bombua terrestris, L., var. ferrugineus, Schmied., J , 14, "^ , 5, + 1, Castle Bell-
ver, Marcli 25tli, 26fh, and 3( tli ; Miramar, March 27tli ; PoUensa, Puig de Maria,
April 2ik1 and 5f.h (abundant on flowers). All the specimens taken of B. terrestris
were of this form, which differs from the type in having the hairs of the tibiae
fulvous ; it occurs in S. W. France, Spain, and Portugal, but the specimens 1 have
of tills species from Algeria, are of tlie type form.

Apia melUfica, Linn., ^ , 33, abundant cverywliere in Majorca, Minorca, Talayot
of Trepuco, April 6th. 1 $ , Thomas and Pocock, not localised, 1900.

Thus 48 species were obtained. The number captured in June
and July of the present year will turn out to be far larger.

Woking : July, 1901.

SUMMARY OP AN AETICLE BY PROF. FELIX PLATEAU, INTITULED
"LES SYRPHIDES, ADMIRENT ILS LES COULEURS DES FLEURS ?"

[Prof. Plateau is well 'known as an uncompromising antagonist
of certain popular theories on the attractions of flowers for insects
(and kindred subjects), and the evolutional ideas connected therewith.
He has forwarded to us a number of recent articles by him on the
subject, and one cannot but admire the closeness of observation in his
numerous experiments, even if some are not prepared to accept his
conclusions. We give below the summary of a paper published in
the " Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France," vol. xiii (1900).
—Eds.].

1.— The number of closely described supposed proofs of admiration on the part of
insects for the colour of flowers is very small, and is reduced to seven in all
among the thousands of observations made by a series of naturalists.

2. — Tlie only insects signalized are Syrphida, that is to say, insects with limited
faculties inferior to those of Hymenoptera.

3. — According to my personal observations the SyrphidcB offer their admirational
attentions not only to flowers without brilliant colours, but to those which
are green or greenish, and nearly of the colour of the foliage.

4. — According to my own observations, and of those authors whose names are indi-
cated in the text, visits of Syrphida, often abundant, to green or greenish
flowers, have been proved in 35 species of plants, belonging to 22 different
families.

5. — According to my observations tSyrphidce frequently hover before vegetable bodies
of any kind other than flowers, such as green leaves, buds closed and green,
green fruits, green or brown twigs.

6. — My experiences show that Syrphidm effect their stationary so-called admirational
flight before objects, having no analogy with flowers, nor even with living
vegetable organs, such as the finger or hand of the experimenter, a stick, a
piece of furniture, a net.

7. — As a consequence the admiration of insects for flowers does not exist.

212 [September,

Tlie theory put forward on this subject results from the erroneous interpretation
of some eases which would never have been considered as furnishing proof of an
ajsthetic sense if trouble had been taken to observe that insects execute the same
pretended admirational acts before numerous objects not resembling flowers either
iu form or coloration.

LOPHOSIA F.iSClATA, Mg. : A NEW BRITISH DIPTERON.
BT p. C. ADAMS, P.Z.S.

1 have recently taken in my garden three fine specimens of
Lopliosia fasc'iata^ Mg., which fly I believe has not been {)reviously
recorded as British. They were obtained on July 22nd and 24tli and
August 1st respectively.

Fern Cottage, Lyndhurst :

August 17th, 1901.

TACHINID.E COLLECTED IN 1900.
UY COLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT, F. E. S.

So little is known about the species of Tachinidce occurring iu
this country that a list of those obtained by me last year is probably
worth publishing.

I use the term Taclunidti' for want of a better ; the old family
Tachinidce, of Schiner, Verrall's list, &c., cannot now be regarded as
distinct from Dexidce and Sarcopliagidas, and probably not from Mus-
cidcE (sens strict.). Prof. Brauer, whose writings on this group are the
most important we possess at present, merges all four families, and
describes theai as " Muscaria Scltizometopa (cxcluaive Anflioiiii/idce)."
The Anthomyidw, whose close relationship is indicated in this term
are sufficiently distinct to be left outside, and the Muscidce, in the old
sense, also form a fairly definitely homogeneous section; the Tacliinidce,
Dexidce, and Sarcophagidce, however, cannot be separated, and it is the
insects comprised in these three old families that 1 refer to under the
general term Tacliinidce.

The generic nomenclature aud maiu lines of identification of the
species referred to, are entirely based upon Brauer's writings.

Meiffenia Jloralis, Mg. — a generally distributed species, I obtained last year
at West Runton, Norfolk, and Selslcy and Chalford, Grloa. M. biiignata, Mg. —
specimens which stand for this species occurred at Cranham and Selsley, Glos. ;
until I have a much larger series I could not be sure that it is distinct iromjioralis,
especially as I have another specimen from Cranham, which means either another
species or proves the vai-iability of floral is.

1901.] 2ia

Ceromasia {Dexodes) machairop-sis, B. and B. — I have nine males from West
Runton, Norfolk, which I think are this species ; they certainly have a most de-
cidedly serrate ridge on the under-side of the abdomen, which is the main character-
istic of the species. C. (/).) stahulans, Mg.^— a common species, occurred at West
Runton, and Selsley, Grlos. C. {Paraphorocera) senilis, Mg.— common at West
Runton ; this seems to be one of our most generally distributed species, as I find it
in every lot of Tachinidcc I have to name.

Nemorilla notahilis, Mg. — common at West Runton.

Epicampocera succincta, Mg. — a pair at West Runton.

BlepJiaridea vulgaris, Fall, -a universally common species; West Runton,
Sutton Coldfield, and Selsley, Glos. Brauer makes six species of this, and places
them in six sub-genera. I cannot at present, however, find any constant characters
by which my fairly rich material can be separated, though many of the differences
occur upon which Brauer bases his separations. They vary much in the size of the
antennae, length of second joint of arista, number of facial vibrissse, number of
dorso-central thoracic bristles, &c. ; but every combination of variations seems to
occur, and if I separated them at all it seems to me that I should have to further
increase the number of species.

Bothria {Setigena) ccss/frojw, Macq.— one of our very coranaon species; last
year T only found it at Selsley, Glos.

Chwtolyga quadi-ipustulata, Fall. — another common species ; common at West
Runton. According to Schiner, my specimens would be eri/thrura, Mg., as they
possess macrochetse on the first abdominal segment ; but in my series there is a
great deal of variation in the size of the pair on the first segment, and in the
number of those on the second segment, so that erythrura is probably only a
frequent form of quadripustulata, and the presence or absence of the macrochetse
on the first segment of no specific importance.

Chatotachina rustica, Mg. — West Runton. My specimens of this species vary
so much in rather important particulars, that these may prove to be uiore than one
species, in which case tlie West Runton specimens may have to have another name.

Thelymorpha vertiginosa, Mg. — several at West Runton.

Aporomyia dubia, Fall. — one of our commonest species, occurred last year to
me at Selsley and Chalford, Glos.

Melanota volvulus, F. — West Runton.

Hyria tibialis, Fall. — one female, Chalford, Glos., which is almost certainly
this species.

Macquartia tenebricosa, Mg. — West Runton, and Chalford, Glos., one speci-
men at each place.

Ptilops chalybeata, Mg. — Selsley, Glos.
' Thelaira leucozona, Pz. — a common species, common at West Runton.

Myobia, sp. ?. — from Selsley, Glos. The specimens I have of this genus are so
variable that they would do for several species. I should not be surprised to find
that they were all one, and t\\a,t pacific a, Mg., and other species would have to sink
as synonyms of inanis, Fall.

214 [SeptembRi*,

Rhynchixla prolixa, Meig. — five $ i and 2 ? ? from Selsley, Glos. This
species, I believe, is quite new to the British list, and is a verj distinct one.

Olivier ia lateralis, F. — West Kunton, abundant on ragwort. Always common,
and it seems always associated with ragwort, and near Cley, Norfolk, on the salt
marshes, there seemed to be a dozen at least on every head of bloom.

Micrupalpus vulpinus, Fall. — common everywhere I have collected. In great
numbers in Wyre Forest last September, also taken at West Kunton.

Erigone radicum, F. — West Runton. Another of our common species occur-
ring everywhere. E. rudis, Fall. {^= strenua, Meig.). — Selsley and Cranham, Glos.
Like the last, very generally common. This seems to be a spring species, which I
have seen in great numbers in May and early June on Euphorbia flowers, ifcc.
Radicum seems to be more of a summer species, and nearly all of my long series
were taken in August.

Tachinafera, L. — Cranham, Glos. At Wyre Forest in September it was almost
as abundant as M. vulpinus referred to above ; the two species were on nearly every
head of bloom of any kind. It is always a common species.

Plagia ruralis, Fall.- Chalford, Glos., and Wyre Forest. F. {Paraplagia)
trepida, Mg. — Selsley, Glos.

Roeselia paUipes, Fall. {^^ a )diqua, ¥ all.). — common at West Kunton, but I
have not met with the species anywhere else.

Alophora {Paralophora) pusilla, F. — Chalford, Glos.

Trixa aestroidea, K. D. — Chalford and Selsley, Glos., and Wyre Forest.

Phyto melanocephala, Mg. — Selsley, Glos., = probably this species. P. parvi-
coriiis, Mg. — West Kunton, perhaps only a variety of above.

Species?. — probably new, and probably also requiring a new genus. It seems
to come near to Stecenia, but is separated from it by possession of hairy cheeks, and
by the hinder cross vein coming nearly to the middle of the first hind marginal
cell, instead of nearer to the small cross vein, as in Stevenia. One specimen, $ ,
from West Runton.

Brachycoma devia, Kond. — one ^ West Kunton.

Frauenfeldia trilineata, Mg. — 3 $ i and 2 ? V from West Runton. This
species I believe has not been known as British before. There is an element of
doubt about the specific identity, but there is no doubt about the genus ; and no
species of the genus occurs in our lists.

Clista lepida, Meig. — several from West Runton. This is the same species as
those mentioned by Dr. Meade in his annotated list as moerens and cenescens. I do
not think, however, that Dr. Meade had correctly identified them, and, moreover, I
feel sure that his moerens represented the male, and eenescens the female of the same
species. Lepida, Meig., was vci'y insufficiently described, but my specimens agree
with the description, as far as it goes, and do not quite agree with any other.

lleteronyclda chcetoneura, B. and B.— West Runton, Norfolk, Chalford and
Selsley, Glos. One specimen only from each place.

Nyciia halterata, Pz. — common at Selsley, Glos., also one from Chalford.

Engyops micronyx, B. and B.— two $ $ from Cranham, Glos. A distinct
species quite new to Britain. Rondani, who founded the genus, wrote Eggisops.

1901.] 215

MeJanomyia nana, IVTg. — common at West Rimton and Chalfoi\l, Grlos. At
West Runton I found tliem in little groups settled on leaves.

MiUogramma punctata, Mg. — several at West Runton on a sandy bank where
many Aculeates were nesting ; also some on ragwort blooms.

Metopla leucocephala, Rossi. — West Runton, Sutton Coldfield, and Cranliam,
Glos.

Macronychia agrestis. Fall. — one specimen from West Runton.

Dexiosoma caninum, F. — abundant at West Runton amongst the bracken. It
seems to be usually found settled on tlie bracken, where it grows thickly, and is
often abundant.

Dliiera ffi-isescens, Fall. — West Runton.

Prosena siberito, F. — common at West Runton, where I got a nice series. It
was specially common on the ragwort, but also occurred on burdock and other flowers.

Mt/iocera carinifrons,^a.\\. — Wyre Forest in September.

I also took a number of specimens of the genus Harcopluiga, but those I will
not venture to name at pi-esent.

In the above list I have only given those species which I obtained
during 1900. In my collection, however, are a number of other in-
teresting species taken in former years, which will probably form the
occasion of another note. It will be seen that in this one year alone
several species new to us occurred, and doubtless many others remain
to be discovered.

I would appeal, in conclusion, to breeders of Lepidoptera or
other insects to save for me any Dipterous parasites they may breed,
and to let me have them with, if possible, the name of the species
from which they were bred.

2, Handsworth Wood Road,

Handsworth, Staffs. : June 23rd, 1901.

ON A NEW GENUS OP GEOMETRIDM FROM THE HAWAIIAN

ISLANDS.

BY E. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

The Hawaiian Selidosemidce are a most important part of the
Lepidopterous fauna, thirty-four species having been already de-
scribed. These are distributed very unevenly in three genera, all
peculiar to the islands, since two of these genera contain together
but three of. the species. The large genus Scotorhythra, containing
the rest of the species, will, however, at some time be subdivided,
since the males furnish excellent structural characters for such division.
The difficulty of finding good generic characters in both sexes is
manifest very generally in most of the Orders of insects inhabiting
the islands, and in cases where the characters are very pronounced in

2\Q [September,

oue sex (whether (^ ov $ ) it appears legitiaiate to assign generic
value to these. There is Jittle doubt that in such cases minute cha-
racters will ultimately be found in the less modiiied sex to distinguish
allied genera, i he genus here described is clearly an offshoot from
Scotorhyth^a, and appears to be of at least equal value to Sisi/rophyta.
In the main the facies is that of Scotorhythra, the structure of the legs,
antenna?, &c., being quite similar. The characters ((5*) here given
will readily distinguish the new form from the allied genera.

NESOCHLIDE, yen. nov.
Thorax and abdomen verj densely hairy beneath, the latter also densely hairy
at the sides to near the base. Intermediate femora densely hairy beneath. Groove
of posterior tibiie fringed with longish hairs, and containing a very large hair-pencil
of mostly black hairs, the ends of which are much matted together. Fore-wings
beueath along the costa towards the base with longish decumbent hairs, and below
these with a large elongate-oval patch of much modified glandular scales. Hind-
wings beneath with the veins towards the costa bearing longish dense hairs except
on their apical parts. $ .

Nesocklide epixantha, sp. nov.

S ■ Expanse, 43 — 48 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-orange to reddish-orange ;
antennsB pale ochreous, tlie pectinations moderately long, fuscous, the base sometimes
orange-suffused. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow. Legs more or less spotted with
fuscous, the front pairs sometimes suffused with orange, the hind pale ochreous-
yellow. Fore-wings elongate-triangular, the termen bowed, apex very distinctly
prominent, ochreous-orange to reddish-orange, more or less and often much dotted
or even suffused with fuscous but very variable in amount and intensity of the dark
colour; second line formed by a series of fuscous dots generally very distnict, nearly
straight; first line when distinct oblique inwardly from the costa for one-fourth,
then semicircularly curved outwards for one-half, sometimes very indistinct or
represented by a few dots or obscured by suffusion ; a large discal fuscous spot
sometimes present or entirely wanting. Hind-wings very pale whitish-ochreous,
sometimes shading into orange along the mai-gin, a marginal series of dark dots
sometimes present.

Hab. : Oahu, in the mountains. Widely distributed, since it is
found in localities at both ends of the range, and common, but often
so damaged as to be useless for collections.

Obs. — In the presence of glandular scales on the wings beueath
this species reminds oue of IScotorhythra trachyopis, Meyr., but 1 ex-
pect it is more likely to be allied to S. meyalophylla, Meyr., and that
its ? when discovered will have falcate apices to the fore-wings as in
that species. It is not impossible that the last named species may be
congeneric with the one here described, since only the 5 of the oue
and the ^ of the other are at present known.

Honolulu, H. I. : June, 1901.

1001.] 217

AN ADDITION TO THE RHYNCHOTAL FAUNA OF NEW ZEALAND
(HENICO CEPHA L US MA CLA CHLA NI) .

BY &. W. KIRKALDT, F.E.S.

The genus Henicocephalus forms by itself an isolated division of
the great predaceous family Reduviidce, characterized by the structure
of the thorax, wings and legs. The Henicocephalince and the Nahince
are the only Reduviid divisions in which the presternum is not modi-
fied for stridulatory purposes. The typical and only genus was
founded under the name of Enicocephalus by Westwood in 18^37*, for
four species, one of which was obtained from anime.f The genus is
almost cosmopolitan, the nineteen species now known having been
described from North, Central, and South America, Hercegovina,
India, Ceylon, Tasmania, Madagasenr, kc, and through the kindness
of Mr. McLachlan, I am now able to add one from New Zealand.
The descriptions of the American species are good and intelligible,
but those of the Oriental and Australian regions are mostly quite
inadequate. Although so characteristic in appearance and structure,
the genus has been re-inti'oduced six times since its first description,
under the names Sysfelloderes, Blanchard, 1852; Oncylocofis, Stal,
1855 ; Henscliielln, Horvath, 1888 ; DicepJiahis, Kirby, 1891 ; Hymeno-
dectes and Hymejiocoris, Uhler, 1892 !

Some nine years ago Ur. Bergroth announced his intention of
monographing the genus, but up to the present his work has not
appeared. In the meantime, figures may be seen in Westwood's paper
cited above ; in the " Biologia Centrali-Americana, Rhyncliota^'''' ii,
plate 10 ; Journal Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xxiv, plate iv, &c.

Our knowledge of the biology of the genus is limited. In 1852
Blanchard named //. moscliatus from its musky smell J, and noted that
it appeared in little swarms like mosquitos. In 1879 Berg mentioned§
that H. spiircidus, Stal, was commonly observed in Buenos Ayres,
especially about evening, in fairly large swarms in the air. The same
species was recorded by Berg in 1893 1| as having been observed in the
garden of the Art Gallery shortly before sunset in large swarms, two
metres above the ground. He was of opinion that the apparently
harmless swarms resulted in selection of the sexes, as most of the
individuals which he captured on their fall to earth were in copula. A
musky smell was also observed in this species. Mr. E. E. Orceu^

* Trans. Ent. Soc. London, ii, pp. 2.3-24 ; type fiavicollis from St. Vincent.
t Not "copal" as Karsch say.s (1892, Berlin. Ent. Zeit., p. 485).

I In Gay's " Historia de Chile," vii, p)>. 2'24— 5. § Anal. Soc. Oient. Argent., viii, p. 21.

II Berlin. Ent. Zeit., x.\xviii, p. a(i2. *[I In Kirby, Jouru. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xxiv, p. 117

/

218 [September,

noted that H. telescopicus was found flying in bright sunshine in open
glades of jungle near felled timber. Flight sustained, three or four
found frequently pla^^'ng together like common flies in a room, or like
JEpheineridoe.

H. Maclachlani, sp. nov.

Dull, somewhat stroiiijly pilose on head, pronotum, h^gs and lateral margin of
abdomen. Posterior lobe of head subrotundate, a trifle transverse, not suleate, long-
pilose, a little callose basally beneath. Eyes and ocelli prominent. Rostrum about
two-thirds longer than head, first segment subannuliform, second about three times
as long as the first, tliird two and a half times as long as second, and nearly twice as
long as fourth. Antennae twice as long as head, sparsely setose, somewhat slender,
first segment stouter than the rest, reaching beyond apex of head ; second segment
two and four-fifths as long as the first, one-fifth longer than third, and two-fifths
longer than fourth. Anterior lobe of pronotum a little shorter than the intermediate
and posterior, which are medianly subequal ; posterior lobe two and three-quarter
times as broad as anterior lobe, and four-sevenths broader than intermediate lobe,
which is longitudinally impressed (or broadly suicide) ; posterior lobe medianly
somewhat obsoletely carinate, lateral margins rounded, diverging towards the base,
which is obtuse-angularly emarginate. Anterior legs not very stout, tibiae dilated
apically, tarsi with two long unequal claws. Elytral nervures sparingly pilose.
Abdomen carinate broadly beneath. Head and pronotum piceous above and beneath,
the posterior lobe of the pronotum more pallid. Antenna?, anterior femora, &c., dark
fuscous, antennae more or less clouded with pallid ; rest of legs, abdomen above
and beneath, fusco-testaceous ; legs not annulate. Elytra cinereohyaline, nervures
cinereous ; wing-nervures pallid cinei-eous.

Length (excl. elytra), 5f mm. ; expanse of elytra, about 8j mm.

Hah. : Wellington, New Zealand (G. V. Ri/dsov, No 73).

Tt is ])ossible that this species may be identical with the very
insufficiently described tasmfinicns, Westw., wdiich. however, according
to Westwood, is larger, has concolorous antennsp, and the exterior
margin of the elytra white at the base. From the Sinhalese teles-
copicus (Kirby), the only other species of which T have examined
several examples, it differs by its much smaller size. The latter is also
much more robust, and the antennre are shorter and thicker, the pos-
terior margin of the pronotum is truncate, and the posterior lobe of
the head more elongate. In Champion's descriptions of American
species it works out near annulipes, Champ., from which it is at once
distinguished by the non-annulate legs. H. vioscltatns has a smooth
head and is entirely fuscotestaceous. This species and StTd's Brazilian
forms are much (comparatively) smaller. H. snl)antarcfieus. Berg,
has a differentl}^ formed pronotum and shorter elytra [J forma hrachy-
ptera) and differently proportioned antennae.

1901.]

219

The neuratioii of Henicocephalus is very peculiar, and has been

neglected almost en-
tirely by previous
writers. The entirely
membranous elytra
of two species (Mac-
lachlani. fig. 1, and
ielescopicus^ fig. 2)
are figured. As the
neuration does not
correspond with that
of any other Rhyn-
chotal genus known
to me, and as the neural nomenclature in this Order is still very con-
fused, I do not propose to give a description. It may be noted,
however, that the claval suture (a) is evanescent apically (as in many
Ilomoptcrn), and does not reach the lateral margin of the elytron.

The neuration of the various species is somewhat dissimilar.*
//. concolor (e. y.) is considerably reticulate. In one specimen of H.
Maclachhini the cell marked h has a cross veinlet extending from the
vein c to the exterior margin at d.

The series of this species and of R. felescopicus that I have
examined are either all of one sex, or do not present any notable
external sexual differences. The species appear to have a compara-
tively very small range of variation in dimensions among themselves.

In the third volume of Lethierrj and Severin's " Catalogue General des
Hemipteres " (1896), there are three misprints : —

1. Enicocephalus was so named by Westwood, and followed by Stal in 1858.
It was first altered to Henicocephalus by Stal in 1865, Eemiftera Africana, iii,
p. 166.

2. For Si/stelloderus, Blancliard, read Systelloderes.

3. For curculis, Karsch, read curculio.
Add : —

sp. 13—fuIvescens, Westw., I.e. p. 23, from anime.

sp. 14/18 — antmlipes, angustatus, concolor, emargi.natus, and pilosus,

Champion, Biologiii, I.e., pp. 159 et seqq ; Central America.
sp. 19 — Maelachlanl, here described from New Zealand.

St. Abbs, Worple Road, Wimbledon :
June, 1901.

* See figme of H. pellvciilus iHoivitthI in Revue d'Entom., 1S88, plnte I ; and tlie figures in
the Biologia, I. c.

220 [September,

NOTES ON A FEW DAYS' COLLECTma (COLEOPTURA) AT MADEIEA.

BY M. CAMERON, M.B. (Lond.), R.N.

I liave recently liad the p;oo(l fortune to pay a second visit to this
interesting island, arriving at Fnnchal, the chief town, on February
10th.

Funchal is situated on the south coast, and is backed by hills
over 4000 feet in height. The immediate neighbourhood of this place
is densely cultivated, chiefly with sugar cane, bananas, and ordinary
garden produce, and the soil is very fertile. The town itself boasts
over 20,000 inhabitants. There are several good English hotels, and
the English Heading Room is well stocked with books, the most
interesting from a beetle-hunter's point of view being WoUaston's
work on the CoJeo])fera of the island. In the Portuguese College is
a small museum, originally worked up, T believe, by Padre Schmidt,
evidently a most practical natnralisi, if we may judge from the
beautiful specimens of stuffed animals of all kinds found in the island.
There is also a small collection of Lepidopterrr, and a few of the more
striking insects, but evidently no great attention has been paid to this
group, and it is to be feared that they will not improve, as there
appears to be no one to keep alive an interest amongst the students.

Being built on the slope of a hill the streets are fairly steep ;
they are paved with small round cobbles, and the " cabs " are on
runners and drawn by a pair of bullocks, a not uncomfortable way of
travelling, though somewhat slow.

An elevator-railway runs up to the Belmont Hotel, which is
situated about 2000 feet above the sea level, but as there are very few
trains I usually walked along the track, as a certain amount of
collecting can be done on the way.

Under the stones on the bants of this railway Scarites ahhreviaius, Dej., and
Hadrus cinerascens, Woll., occur commonly, and in the pine- wood about half way
up Eelops covjertns, Woll., is plentiful under the stones and loose bark. A solitary
specimen of Oxyomus hrevicollis, Woll., was taken under a stone in this region.
Leaving the Hotel below, and taking the road to the right one enters another pine-
wood at a level of 2500 feet above the sea. Here the difference in the temperature
is quite appreciable, and by searching under the stones the following were taken : —
Calathus complanatus^, var. a (this is the slender brownish-red form), in some
numbers; 0. wrrfZits, Woll., a single specimen; Zargns Sc/iawrni, Well , not rare;
Argvtnr robus/w.s, Woll., several ; A. cwrtKs, Woll., a few; A. gracilipes, WoW., one
or two ; Othius strigulosus, Woll., one, and Omias \\'ater]i.ovsei. Well., eight or nine.
Under dry vegetable rubbish near a path I found Conurjis puhescens, Payk., Homalota
atramentarin, Gyll., H. phiJonthoidea, Woll., 77. ohliquepvv data, Woll., FaJngria
ohscura, Er., Xaiitlwlivus piincfnlaiu!', Payk., Ptemdium apicale, Sturm, Anthicus

1001.] 221

hispidus, Eofsi, A. fristis, Schniicll, A. iiistahilis, Schmidt, LathruUus vodifcr,
Westw., Dyomius ohscurnipdtatus, Diiftsch., Bradycellus fulvns, Marsh., and Blcchrus
glabratug, Duftsch. Below the bark of an old pine stump a couple of the curious
Tafphius compactus, Woil., were found, and running across a path what appears to
be Bemhidium lamprns, Herbst, but this insect was apparently not found by
Wollaston.

On another day a trip was made to the eastward, to Brazen Head, with the
hopes of obtaining Owasev.s Wollastoni, Heer, which was originally discovered
there, but without success ; in fact search under the stones at that point disclosed
nothing but Scarites abbreviatus, Dej. A return was then made towards more
cultivated ground, where in some rotting cactus the following were taken : — Oxypoda
litigiosa, Heer, Carpophilus rnutilatus, Ei'., and Oxytelus adveni, Sharp. This
latter is an interesting capture. The species was described by Dr. Sharp in a paper
on the " Colenptera from the Hawaiian Islands" (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880), as
found on the low grounds of Oahu, and believed by him to be introduced there. It
is a striking insect, coloured black and red, and not likely to bo overlooked. By
sweeping the following were captured : Psylliodes Iwspes, WoU., Apion sagittiferum ,
A. rnalva; Cevthorrliynchns quadridens, Panz., Olibrus covsimilis. Marsh., 0. bicolnr,
Er., Hypera murina, F., ArtJirolips picevs, Com., Scymnus minim'us, Rossi, S.flavo-
pictus, WolL, Xeriostrongylus Mstres, Woll., Meligeihc.i picipes, Sturm, Atlantis
australis, Woll., Caulotrupis lucijugus, Woll., Cilm Mphoides, F., Pthnts wauri-
tanims, Luc., Cnrticaria curta, Woll., SitnpliiJus aryzcp, F., and Pecteropus rugnsus,
Woll.

The Santa Luzia River, a small swift-running stream passing through Funchal
to the sea, is, I should think, well worth working in its course above the town, but
unfortunately I was unable to devote more than an hour or two there, with the
following results, from amongst the stones along the sides -. — Bradycellus excultus,
Woll., Tachys histriatus, Duftseh., Harpalus dislingucndus, Duftsch., Stenolop)hus
teutiinu.<i, Schr., Parnvs proUfericornis, F., Pristonyrhus complanatus, Dej., and the
very interesting Bemhidion mirvimanum,'W6\\ , of which a single specimen occurred.
Amongst the wet moss, Stenvs providus, Er., i*?. gvttvla, Miill., and apparently /f?.
.'similis, Herbst (although this insect is not recorded by Wollaston), and ElUpsndes
glabratus, F.

A trip was made on the 16th up the mountains to above the pine level, where
the giant heath begins to assume its largest proportions, for the purpose of obtain-
ing Olisthopus ericcp, Woll., whose habitat is beneath the papery bark of this shrub.
Unfortunately, on arriving at the Belmont Hotel, where our horses were awaiting us
(and breakfast likewise), we found the rain to be falling, and in a very short time
were soaked through, but in due course arrived at the hunting-grounds, nearly 4000
feet up. To obtain this insect a " Bignell's tray " is practically essential, the
nature of the ground making a sheet very inconvenient to use, and the bark is
stripped off over it. By this means a very fair number were secured, together with
Atlanti'i lamellipes Woll., A. nr,ctivaga'ns,'Wo\\., Drumius insularis, WoW. , D. sigrna,
Eossi, and Acallcs dispar. Woll. ; whilst under stones a single Calathus fvsciis, ¥.,
and the robust form of ('?. complnnatus (var. 5) were taken, the series of the latter
being made complete on the way back by collecting the intermediate forms. Had
the day been fine the view must have been magnificent, as it was a few yards was
the extent of one's vision.

222 [September,

Anotlici' afternoon was profitably spent to the west of the town, on the cliffs,
where amongst damp vegetable ddbris many specimens of Oxyomus Heivcckenii,
Woll., were found, and amongst some heaps of dry manure mixed with dead leaves,
etc., Trechus fimicola, Well., was taken in some numbers, together with Sunius
angustatus, Payk., Boromorphus maderw, Woll., Apotomus rufus, Dej., Lithocliaris
ochracea, Gv., Unmalota coriaria, Miill., Xantliolinus punctulatus, Payk., Dactyln-
sternum. ahdoininale, F., Acritus winutus, Herbst, Anthicus instahilis, Schmidt,
Typhma fumata, F. (a rare insect here, according to Wollaston, and I only found
one example), Litartjiis piZosMs, Woll., and Cryptoynorpha inug(ie,Wo\\. ; this latter is,
however, better obtained by stripping the banana leaves fi-om the stems over a tray,
when any number can be taken. Amongst stones here Calcar elongatum, Herbst,
was pretty common, and two or three Laparor.erus morio, Schonh., Sunius hlmacu-
Intus, Er., and a broken specimen of Atlaiitis lanatus, Woll., were picked up.

My last excursion was again above the Belmont Hotel, and here, by sweeping,
Cryptocephalus crenntus, Woll., and Psylliodes vehemens (var. j8), Woll., were taken,
whilst under stones Tarus lineatus, Schonh., Olisthopus madercnsis, Woll., and
Anchomenus albipes, F., fell to my lot. Beating the pines yielded Pissodes notatus,
F., plentifully, and a small Cryptocephalus (? sp.), much more sparingly, whilst
returning tovvnwards I picked up a single specimen oi Atlantis vespertimis, Woll.

Such (except for several species of the genus Homalota not yet identified) were
my principal captures during a few days' stay on excursions limited necessarily to
the neighbourhood of Funchal itself, and it is hoped that the list of localities may
perhaps prove useful to subsequent visitors.

H.M.S. " Cleopatra," Particular Service :
June llth, 1901.

NOTES ON CERTAIN PALJ^ARCTIC SPECIES OF THE GENUS

HEMEROBIUS:

H. INCONSPICUUS, McLach., and H. PELLUCID VS,Wai.ker.

BT KENNETH J. MORTOK, P.K.S.

There remain to be noticed a, few relatively small forms of
Hemerohius differing from those already referred to, in having the
last ventral segment of the ^ produced into a large subgenital plate
(lamina subgenitalis). The appendages are also rather different, but
the usual furcate type can be traced, although the lower branch
appears to be somewhat in the form of a lateral outgrowth. These
insects divide themselves into two easily distinguished groups: —

I. — With two radial sectors in fore-wings. Lower branch of appendages not cleft.

This group contains R. elegans, Steph., and the allied forms.
II. — With three sectors. Lower branch of appendages cleft at apes. This group

consists of IT. inconspicnus, McLach., and H. peUucidus, Walker.

With regard to H. ehf/ans, there is con.siderable diificulty in

l90l.]

223

arriving at satisfactory conclusions as to the value of the various

forms which have been placed under
this name and that of H. jyarvulus,
and Mr. McLachlan has already
noticed the uncertainty which exists
as to the real importance of these
forms (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1S9S,
p. 164). As he has so recently
failed to dispel the obscurity sur-
rounding this question, it would be
superfluous on my part to attempt
to do so, and we must accordingly
await the accumulation of further
observations and material. Figures
of the (^ appendages, drawn from
examples of varying appearance
and from different localities (Mout-
pellier, the Pyrenees, and Algeria)
do not help to solve the problem.
A good sei'ies from each of many
and widely separated localities is
to be desired, but unfortunately
these particular insects seem to
occur for the most part singly.

I propose therefore, in the mean-
time, to deal with group II. It
contains two very closely allied
species ; nevertheless, in good and
well marked specimens of M. incon-
spicuus and U . pcllucidus, no difficulty exists in their determination.
The former has the wings with a more or less fuscous tinge, while in
pelhicidiis they are greyish, and the gradate nervules are frequently
clouded, which they never are in inconspicuus. But in old examples,
and in others which are teneral in condition or ill-marked, the deter-
mination is not so easy, and the genital characters of the (^ are
useful aids.

The principal differences may be tabulated thus : —

H. INCONSPICUUS.

Wings with a fuscous tinge, with some

resemblance to those of Sisyra fuscata
in fully matured specimens. Nervures
unclouded.

H. PELLUCIDUS.

Wings greyish, in well marked ex-
amples with distinct cloudings about
the gradate nervules.

X 2

224 [September,

Witli alongsubgenital plate in the <? . Plate apparently much shorter (only

di'y specimens compared).

Viewed fi-om side, apex of upper From same point of view, apes of

branch of appendages somewhat hook- upper branch of appendages nearly
shaped. straight.

Viewed from side, apex of lower From same aspect, the two prongs are

branch of appendages has the inferior nearly parallel,
prong of fork turned downward.

It must be admitted that tlie appendages in dry specimens some-
times fall down into tbe subgenital plate, and it is then extremely
difficult, without detaching and preparing the abdomen, to detect the
true structure. And I must also admit that some of the females are
most diilicult to place with certainty. This sex should be carefully
studied with fresh-killed specimens in hand.

In this coimtr J pel/ ucidus is decidedly southern in its distribution,
and is best known from Dale's locality in Dorset (whence came the
few examples I possess) and from Devonshire (Briggs). But both
are probably wide spread over the greater part of Europe, and they
go far north, both being known from Scandinavia. H. pellncidm has
been found in such Alpine localities as the Val Bedretto, but the
precise distribution of the two is still imperfectly ascertained.

EXPLANATION OP FIGUEES.
1. — Apex of abdomen of <? H. e/ei/ans from Montpellier, from side.
2. — Appendage of S H- elegans {parculus?) from Algeria, from above.
3. — Apex of abdomen of ^ II. incuii.s/jicuus, from side.

4. — Apex of lower branch of appendage of ditto, from side (more enlarged).
5. — Apex of abdomen of (? K. pellucidus, from side.
6. — Apex of abdomen of ditto, from above.
7. — Apex of lower branch of appendage of ditto, from side (more enlarged).

13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburgh :
June 1th, 1901.

Pyrrhosoma tenellam, Vill., in Merionethshire. — During the past month I
collected in Merionethshire, and found amongst other things a good many specimens
of that pretty little red dragon-fly, Pyrrhosoma tenellum. As far as I know this is
a new locality for the species, and also marks a considerable northern extension of
its range. The precise locality is between Barmouth and Dyffryn on boggy ground
between the railway and the sea. The existence of these bogs is sorely menaced,
but so far the drainage of little spots here and there seems to remain a problem,
and in such the bog myrtle still reigns supreme. There is no reason why the insect
should not be found in suitable places all round Cardigan Bay. The hopes which
the capture of this unexpected species raised were not altogether realized, but the

1901.] 225

possibilities of MerioneLlisliire as an Euloiiiologie-al liunling ground are certainly
great. I sliall probably give a lull account oi' the results of my collecting there
when I have had time to work out the large amount of material brought home. —
Kenneth J. Morton, 13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh : August 'ird, 1901.

Culeoptera in North Wales. — During the whole of the mo))th of June I was
in North Wales, and although the weather was not very favourable for collecting, I
met with a few Coleoptera which seem worthy of mention.

At Tan-y-bwlch, in the Festiniog Valley, I got Gyrinas miiiutus and Hydropo-
rus \2i-pustulatxcs by fishing in the ditches, while Ayabus nitidus was tolerably
common under stones in the streamlets on tiie hill-sides. A dusty fungus on a dead
pine produced thirteen Conipora orbiculata, while under the bark of the same tree
were Scydmanius elongatulus and Agathidium atrum. Among my other captures
in the same neighbourhood were Silpha thoracica ; Antkobium sorbi (common in
one small spot on the hills) ; Corymbltes impressus; Lacoii miirinus; Athous vittatus ;
Helodes marginata ; Telephorus alpinus, abdomlnalis and Jtavilabris ; Malthodes
mysticus ; Apion scutellare ; Liopus nebulosus ; Strangalia melanura ; Clythra
4-punctata, and Batop>hila rubl. Phyllopertha horticola was in extreme abundance
(I might have taken hundreds of thousands), and was followed later on by Hoplla
philanthus in lesser numbers, but still in profusion. And the males of Lampyris
iioctiluca simply besieged my bedroom as long as the candles were lighted, even
foi'cing their way through the cracks in the window frame. I took ten specimens
in about three minutes on one occasion, and then watched their pale phosphorescent
lamps darting to and fro above me as I lay awake in bed.

On Snowdon, on June 27th, Miscodera arctiva was plentiful under stones near
the summit, together with Geodromictis glohuUooUis, Otiorrhynchus mauriis, Pteros-
tichus vitreus, and a solitary Acidota crenata. Nehria Oyllenhali, Aphodius
lapponum, and the usual mountain things were abundant. Two rather curious
captures were a single Lina cenea ci'awling on the grass within a hundred feet of
the summit, and a specimen of Salpiiigus ceratus under a stone close by. Chryso-
mela cerealis I did not succeed in finding.

On the Harlech sand-hills, early in July, Saprinus 4-striatus was tolerably
plentiful, with Cicindela maritima, Aphodius nitldiilus, Otiorrhynchus atroapterus
and muscorum, Aiiomala Frlschi, Corymbites ceneus, and a single Lebia chlorocephala.
Nacerdes melanure was flying in the hot sun on tlie beach at Barmouth. — Theouoke
Wood, 157, Trinity Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. : August 14th, 1901.

Dryophilus pusillus, GylL, in Cumberland. — Dr. Bailey's note in the July No.
of this Magazine {ante p. 171) recalled to my mind that I had captured a male and
female of this species last summer by evening sweeping in the Petteril Valley, about
four miles to the south of Carlisle. On June 29th last I visited the locality again
to try for more, and after a little work found it in fair numbers by beating tlie
lower branches of some old well grown larches. In that particular part of the
valley there is neither spruce nor Scotch fir. Of the thirty odd specimens I have
set, all but one are females, but it is possible I was too late for the males. I am not
aware of this species being recorded from the nortli of England before. — Frank H.
Day, 6, Currock Terrace, Carlisle : July 2nd, 1901.

226 [September,

Note on the pairi»(j of Lampijrh uoctilnca, L. — While golfing at Crookham,
lu^ar Newbury, Berks, early in July, 1901, I took several males of this connnon
beetle, attracted by indoor light. On the 5th five or six dew in, the first at 10.45,
the last at 11.30 p.m. ; the night was still, warm and windless. On the 6th one
flew in during broad daylight at (3.30 ; none came later, tlie night being cool and
windy. On the 7th, a fairly warm night with a slight breeze, two came in at 10 p.m.
They flew noiselessly and generally settled on the table below the lamp, though
occasionally on the walls, and one, apparently catching the light from above, gyrated
around the ceiling, upon which it ultimately attempted in vain to gain a foothold,
in circles wider, swifteV and less erratic than those usually described by Noctuce.
These males are often attracted to sugarers' lamps in woods, but are, I believe, rarely
taken by any other method.

Knowing nothing of the method of pairing, I went out at 10.50 p.m., and at
once discovered a female in an adjacent flower bed. The lower surface of its abdo-
men had the apical segment dully, and the next two, as well as a small spot in the
centre of the base of the following one, brightly pea-green phosphorescent ; there
was no glimmer above. The males had one or two small apical dots of phospho-
rescence. The sexes were introduced at 10.55, when the male, attracted by the
bright light, instantly attacked, and the female, fully extending its segments, dis-
closed bright phosphorescence at the base of the apical dorsal segment. Pairing
was attained at the end of three minutes, during which the female lights were ex-
tended to their fullest power and then entirely faded out. During pairing the female
showed no light whatever, but lateral spots of phosphorescence appeai'cd on the male
apical segment upon being disturbed ; the male head reaches to the anterior margin
of the 2nd, or sometimes only to that of the 3rd, abdominal segment of the female,
the former's elytra protruding far beyond the female, and its abdomen being much
deflexed ; all male and female energy is entirely intersusceptive, and they will lie
upon their backs motionless with legs wide stretched if overturned. Pairing ended
at 11.13, having lasted fifteen minutes.

At 11.15 a second male was presented to the female, and obtained pairing in-
stantly, though less eager in its attack than the first, probably on account of the
absence of phosphorescence on the latter's part. After seven minutes the female
became restive, but was pacified by its head being protected from the artificial light.
At 11.36 pairing ended, the male being so much exhausted that only at the end of
four minutes did it attempt to walk laggingly.

At 11.42 the first male again attained pairing, though without zeal, and
remained in that position till 12.2, when it ended, though the male remained
clinging to the female, in which pose they both remained till 9 the following
morning, when the second male was dead, though all the other males taken were
still lively. The first male, after the above two pairings, died no sooner than the
rest of those taken at the same time, i. e., about 48 hours after capture. The female
unfortunately died on the 1 1th, probably from unnatural surroundings in the unusual
heat, without ovipositing, nor could I find traces of eggs within the abdomen. -
Claude Moeley, Ipswich : July, 1901.

Vanessa Antiopa in Shetland. — This afternoon, about 1.30, when collecting on

1901.] 227

the sands of Biirrafirth, Nortli Unst, a specimen of Vanessa Antlopa passed within
five feet of uio ; unfortunately my net was not in striking condition, and I had the
unpleasant experience of seeing the creature sailing away from me. As thei'e was a
deep stream between me and the hills towards which it was flying I was not able to
follow it ; the wind was south-cast by east at the time, and the insect was going
with the wind. There is no doubt about the identity of the species, as I saw it
quite clearly, the white border being very evident. — James J. F. X. King, Balta
Sound, Unst, Shetland : August loth, 1901.

Abundance of Li/ccBna argiolus near London. — Since the time that this species
practically i-einstated itself as a London insect it seems to have become more
common each succeeding year. In my small garden here, less than six miles from
London Bridge, it has been quite common since the last week in July. During
suitable weather one or more can lusarly always be seen on the wing. At this date
most of the males are much worn, but the females are still in good condition. It
lias occurred to me that most of the examples are of small size. — ^R. McLaohlan,
Lewisham, London : Augttst I'lth, 190L

Oil the ovipoaition of Lycana Icarus. — Whilst walking over the cliffs yesterday
I noticed a ? Lyccena Icarus settle, and watching her was struck by a peculiar rota-
tory motion of her secondaries ; .she rose and flew a short distance, and as she settled
I dropped on the grass beside her, when the same peculiar revolving movement of
her hind-wings again occurred, and at the same time she raised her abdomen and
brought it down in a perpendicular position on to a little tuft of thyme, whereon
she deposited an egg. The curious motion of the hind-wings, coupled with the
perfectly perpendicular position of the abdomen, was new to me, and it may be
of interest to other of your readers.— Georgk T. Bethune-Baker, Tintagel :
July Ith, 1901.

Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Breadalbane district of Perthshire.— I am
indebted to Mr. Kenneth J. Morton of Edinburgh for an introduction to the most
beautiful part of the United Kingdom which I have yet seen. The grandeur of the
scenery and the richness of the flora render the district a Paradise for Painters and
Botanists, but (or collectors of the M aero- Lepidoptera it is a disappointing one.
With the exception of Krehia epiphron, Ccenonympha fyphon, Bornhyx callunce,
Boarmia abielaria, and Emmelesia blandiata, 1 have only met with such generally
distributed species as Pieris napi, Cwnonympha pamphiius, Tanessn urticce, Ar-
gynnis aglaia, A. selene, Lyccena icarus, Aoidalia aversata, Cahera pusaria,
Fidonia atomaria, Larentia pectmitaria, Ypsipetes elutata, Melanthia albicillata,
Melanippe rivata, .h. montanata, Camptogranima bilineata, Odezia charophyllata,
Cramhus pratellus, C. pascuellus, C. tristellus, &c. Lyccena arta.verxes has been
taken in the neighbourhood by Mr. Morton, but I have not met with it, nor with
Dasydia obfuscata, Psodos trepidaiia, Fidonia pinetaria, Larentia Jtavicinctata,
Melanippe tristata, Carsia imbutata, or Crambus ericellu-i. The three last named
I have taken freely in Westmoreland, Cumberland or North Wales, and had they
occurred in the district I could hardly have overlooked them. Bv far the commonest

228 [September,

butterfly in the district is 'Erehia epiphron, which occurred at the end of June and
beginning; of July in thousands in lu'a.rly all dam]i swampy placos on the Brcadalbane
Mountains, at an elevation (according to the ordnance maps) of from 2000 to 3000
feet. In one locality, near Ben Lawers, I found them abundant as low down as
1650 feet, but as a rule they were only plentiful at a much greater elevation. Cceno-
nt/mpha ti/phon appears to bo very local in the neighboui-hood, as, with the exception
of a few stragglers taken flying with epiphron at 2500 feet, I found them, in
abundance, only in one peat bog or moss some miles to the west of Killin, at an
elevation of about 180() feet. Argynnis aglaia occurred sparingly in Glenlochy
and other valloyii, and I also saw it on the hills near Crianl.arich. A. seleiie was
•absent from the woods and mosses in the valleys, but occurred rather commonly on
the hill sides at from SOO to 1500 feet. Bombi/.v cnllunre was plentiful on tlie hill
sides, t lie males flying wildly about over the heather. Enimelesia blandiata occurred
freely about old walls and on rocks both in the valleys and at a great elevation, but
Larentin pectinitaria was much commoner, flying high up the mountain sides in
company with epiphron. Susiar has been a complete failure. Considering the
varied natural conditions of the district, with its well wooded and well watered
valleys, extensive peat bogs, and the vast extent of mountains, pastures and moors,
the paucity of species is unaccountable, especially as the Rannoch district is only a
few miles to the north of it. — H. Gross, Killin, Perthshire : Jultj 9,0th, 1901.

Curious Nest of Och/nernx. — About July 11th I noticed a wasp of the genus
Orf^werM.9 go behind a picture in my room, and remain there for some time. On
removing the picture I found a mud nest between the picture and the wall ; it
consisted of a number of irregular com))artments, the sides of which were mud, the
back the wall, and the front the ]5icture. Part of the nest wns destroyed in moving
the picture, but the rest remained uninjured. Each compartment contained sevei'al
green caterpillars, about half an inch in length, partially paralysed so that they
could move somewhat, but not walk. When the front of the nest was removed by
taking down the picture a number fell out, but others remained in the cells. I
should mention that the nest was in all roughly three inches square, and there
were over thirty caterpillars altogether. The wasp was much disturbed by the
removal of the picture and flew aimlessly about for some time, and then disappeared
through the window, .nnd did not go on with the nest that day. However, on the
next day it returned, and began removing the caterpillars from the open cells, and
dropping them outside the room. When all the caterpillars were gone it began
restoring the nest, covering each cell with a mud wall in front, and stocking each
with several caterpillars before finally sealing it up. This went on for several days ;
it remained away at night but worked all day. I left home on the 15th, when the
nest was half finished, but I hear that it went on till the nest was complete, and
then started a new one under a picture less than two feet away. This one it also
stocked with caterpillars, but made only the side walls of the compartments, the
wall and picture making the back and front. After a time this picture was also
removed, and it was found that many of the caterpillars were glued on to the wall
by their posterior ends. This time the removal of the picture disheartened the
wasp, which after appearing much disturbed for some time, went away and has not
returned. TIk^ most interesting point seems to me to be the way the wasp, which

1901.] 229

normally I believe builds in holes, &c., made mud covers for the cells of the first
nest v?hen the picture was removed ; it is also remarkable that it should choose the
inside of a room, at the side away from the window, especially when the window
was closed from 7 p.m. to 8 a.m. at the time the nest was begun, though open con-
tinuously afterwards. On opening some of the cells of the first nest to-day (July
31st), I find in each a wasp larva about half an inch in length. — L. Doncastee,
Whinfell, Whirlow, near Sheffield : July ^Ist, 1901.

llculeuLfs.

Familiar BuTrERFLiES and Moths : by W. F. Kirby, F.L.S., F.E.S., &c.
Small 4to, pp. 144, with 18 plates in colour. London, Paris, New York, and Mel-
bourne : Cassell and Co., Limited. 1901.

Those who require a cheap, handsome, and reliable " Butterfly Book " for the
drawing room table cannot do better than obtain this. It is well got up, well
printed, and the figures are mostly excellent and not too highly coloured. It is not
a scientific book, but consists of a series of 216 figures in colour (on 18 plates), to
which the text has been written. The greater part of the species receiving attention
are British, but a few have not yet been found in these islands, nor are likely to be.
It is curious that the author, with his wide experience, cannot get rid of the idea
that British insects are not European. He commences his Preface by apologetically
saying he has added a small selection of " European " species, and tlien goes on to
explain that these are " Continental." It must be understood that the figures go
no furtlier than the Geometridce, and that the rest of the series is dismissed in
about 16 pp. of text.

The Steidulating Organs of Waterbitgs {Rhynchota), especially of
Corixidce : by G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S. Journ. Qiiekett Microsc. Club, Ser. 2,
Vol. viii, No. 48, April, 1901. Plates III and IV.

This is an interesting paper on the above subject, and is illustrated by some
very good outline figures of the palse, &c., of the British Corixce. The author
considers that the stridulating noises heard by various observers are caused by the
friction of the comb of the front tarsus against a " stridulatory area" which the
author has discovered on the inner surface of the front femora. This area is very
clearly marked, and certainly would appear to be a modification for some such
purpose, the only difficulty that confronts the writer is the very considerable gym-
nastic efforts which it appears to him the Corixa would have to go through to bring
the pala in contact with this femoral area; but, on the other hand, the area is
obviously adapted to some special purpiise, and it is hard to see in what other way
it could be useful, or what other part of the Corixa could act upon it. The author
puts his views forward for criticism, and it is to be hoped that his paper will
stimulate othei-s to carefully observe the movements of the insect when stridulating.
Unfortunately it seems to be hard to catch a Corixa in the act, and even when
caught it would be very difficult to see whether the pala played on the rostrum or
the femur. Whichever view is coi-rect, Mr. Kirkaldy has put the facts as to structure,
etc., clearly before his readers, and many of the structural details which he gives
have not before been published. — Edward Saunders.

OOA [September,

#bituarn. ,^n_^

Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., F.R. Met. Soc, F.E.S., born May 11th, 1823, at
Sedbury Park, Glos., died July 19th, 1901, at St. Albans, Herts. She was the
youngest (and the only survivor) of the family of ten children of Dr. G-eorge Orme-
rod, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c., of Sedbury. From her childhood she showed a strong
taste for Natural History and other scientific pursuits. Some 30 years ago she
commenced forming a collection illustrative of Economic Entomology in connection
with the Eoyal Horticultural Society, and in conjunction with the late Mr. Andrew
Murray ; that collection is now in the Bethnal Green Museum. In 1879 she com-
menced (in conjunction with others) her annual " Notes of Observations on Injurious
Insects," continued subsequently and down to 1899 as the annual " Report of
Observations on Injurious Insects, &c.," the whole series of Reports containing an
enormous amount of sound information for the benefit of those concerned. She
also published a " Manual of Injurious Insects," 1881, and second edition, 1890 ;
a " Text Book of Agricultural Entomology," which went through two editions ;
•' Observations on the Ox Warble," 1S85, and some other separate works; also
papers in the publications of Societies, such as phenological observations in the
Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ; and especially her Reports in the
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, to which Society she acted for some years
as Honorary Entomologist. Unfortunately this connection terminated unhappily.
Relations between her and the executive of the Society became strained, and as it
was apparently impossible to find a modiis vivendl, she retired from the position.
She was the first lady Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society, and joined the
Entomological Society of London in 1868. So lately as 1900 the University of
Edinburgh (to which she bequeathed £4000) conferred on her the Honorary degree
of LL.D. She had also many foreign honorary distinctions. A few years ago she lost
her sister (Miss Georglana S. Ormerod), who had been her faithful companion and
fellow worker (especially in the way of illustrating her publications), and this no
doubt proved a severe shock, but it was hoped that the Reports would have been
continued with the co-operation of Mr. Newstead. This was not to be : a fatal
malady had declared itself, and at the last she passed rapidly away.

Miss Ormerod was in many respects a remarkable woman — strong minded, self
confident, possessed of untiring energy, and able to impart information in a manner
in which it came to be appreciated by the class of readers for whom it was intended.
Possibly there was noticeable an occasional tendency to exaggerate the evils on
which she was writing : if this were intentional, her excuse no doubt was that it
was done with the intention of calling moi-e prominent attention to these evils. It
is needless to add that all her work was purely honorary in its nature : it will be
diiRcult if not impossible to fill the position she created, for there are few who have
the means, time, inclination, and ability for such work.

231

^ocii[tics.

Birmingham Entomological Society : July \Uh, 1901.— Mr. H. Wil-
LOUGHBY Ellis, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a series of Tceniocampa instabilis to ilhistrate its
wide range of variation. Mr. A. H. Martinean, Bombylius species = canescens?
from West Malvern. Mr. H. Willoughbj Ellis showed, in illustration of his paper,
the following Coleoptera : — Metaecus paradoxus, Aleochara fuscipes, Homalota tri-
notata, XanthoUniis linearis, Cryptophagus pubescens, and Anthicus fioralis. Mr.
Ellis then read a paper communicated by Mr. H. St. John K. Donisthorpe, entitled,
"All that is known of Metaecus paradoxtts," in which he gave an interesting account
of its extraordinary life-history, &c. — Colbkan J. Wainweight, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natueal History Society :
June \Wi, 1901.— Mr. H. S. Feemlin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. R. A. Adkin, Lingards Eoad, Lewisham, S.E. ; R. Armstrong, Granville
Park, Lewisham ; A. W. Dodds, Stoke Newington ; and W. Thornlhwaite, Hersham ;
were elected Members.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited living larvae of Acidalia marginepunctata feeding
on yarrow, and pointed out that the genus Acidalia needed considerable re-
vision. Mr. Kemp,i?Aa^t(M«. bifasciatum, iJonacia bicolora,D. sericea,lJ. semiciiprea,
D. simplex, D. cinerea, and D. discolor, all taken at the Field Meeting at
Byfleet on June 1st. Dr. Chapman, the curious pupating burrow of Scardia
boleti, showing the peculiarly constructed trap door, and also the cocoon of Lagoa
crixpata, which shows a trap door arrangement. Mr. Main, a batch of ova
deposited naturally on a spray of Myrica gale. Mr. Lucas read the Report of the
Field Meeting held at Oxshott on May 18th. Mr. Adkin gave an account of the
Annual Meeting of the South-Eastern Union of Scientific Societies held at Hasle-
mere.

June 21th, 1901.— Mr. F. Xoad Clarke, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. W. Pepper, of Horniman's Museum, Forest Hill, was elected a Member.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited specimens of Anax imperator and Ischnura pumilio
taken in the New Forest, and which he afterwards placed in the Society's collection.
Mr. Turner, an almost black specimen of Amphidasys betularia taken in Camberwell.
Several other similar examples were also reported. Mr. West, the following Hem-
iptera from the river Ravensbourne : —Microvelia pygmcea, developed forms ; Gerris
odontogaster, G. naja-v, and Hydrometra stagnorum, developed and undeveloped
forms. Mr. Enock, bred specimens of Libellula depressa and L. qnadrimaculata,
with var. preenubila, and read notes, together with larvre of Thecla betula, all from
Epping. Mr. Harrison, long series of Amphidasys betularia, including six gynan-
drous specimens, all bred from ova laid by a New- Forest parent.

July llth, 1901.— Mr. W. J. LrcAS, B.A., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. Kemp exhibited a short series of the Coleopteron, Dytiscus punctulatus,

Y 3

232 [September, 1901.

taken by Mr. F. Enock at Wisley, together with the Odonata, Brachytron pratense,
Calopteryx splendens, 'Erythr omnia uaias, Agrion pulchelhun, and Ischnura elegans,
with var. rubra ; the Trichoptera, Phryganea grandis, Limnophilus niarmoratus ,
and L. rhomblcus ; and the Neuropteron, Rhaphidia maculicollis, all taken at the
Bjfleet Field Meeting. Mr. F. M. B. Carr, a series of Thecia rilbi from Wrotham,
Kent, including a specimen with a cream spot on each of the foi'e-wings. Mr. South,
a series of Zonosoma porata, bred from a female taken at Oxshott, and read notes
on an unusual brown appearance of some of the specimens ; and an example of
Eurrhypara urticata with confluent spots, taken by a boy at Balham : on behalf of
Ml'. Mitford, he showed three vai'ieties of Melitcea Cinxia, (1) having transverse lines
of fore-wings absent, and confluent lines towards margin of hind -wings, (2) central
spots of fore-wings confluent, (3) central transverse lines partially effaced. Mr.
Montgomery, pupae of Leucophasia sinapis, one specimen Jiaving a pink instead of
a white longitudinal line. Mr. Bishop, living larvsje of Eugonia polychloros, and
pupse of Euchloe cardamiiies. Mr. Kirktildy, a series of genera of the Fiilgorina
(lantern flies), showing the remarkable development of the head ; a number of ornate
species of Rhynchota, including the pale blue Hansenia pulverulenta, the pale green
Geisha punctatissima, the delicate rose Cerynia Maria, and a number of coffee pests
from Ceylon, &c. Mr. Colthrup, two striking vars. of Smerinthus tiUce, (1) ground
colour pale fawn on fore-wings with indistinct markings, pinkish tint on hind-wing,
(2) ground of fore-wing dark brown with very intense green markings, the band
represented by a small spot only. Mr. Lucas read the Report of the Field Meeting
held at Byfleet on June 1st. Mr. Clarke read a few notes on a " Walk in his
Garden," and showed various specimens, including a grasshopper which was not yet
identified, and probably new.

July -llth, 1901. — Mr. A. Haeeison, F.L.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Kemp exhibited species of Coleoptera taken in the New Forest at ihe end
of June, including Donacia crassipes, D. versicolor, D. sericea, Strangalia nigra
Aseinum striatum, Anoplodera sexgidtata, Liopus nebulosus, and Coccinella sedecim-
giittata. Mr. Adkin, a bred series of Lobophora polycommata from larvre taken
near Brighton. Mr. Step, living larvae of a species of Cassida found feeding on
Hemp Nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit) on Wisley Common, Surrey. Mr. Turner, larvae
of Maeroglossa stellatarum from Bromley, Kent, showing (1) the delicate pink full
fed form, (2) the green form with white lines, (3) tlie very dark olive almost black
form. Mr. Edwards, several species of Papilio, including P. Agesilaun, P. Arche-
silaus, P. Paris, P. Cresphontes, P. Phaon, P. Marcellus and var. Walshii, and P.
asiaticus. Messrs. Harrison and Main, a fine bred series of Geometra papilionaria,
and a series of well marked Tephrosia hitiiidularia var. delamerensis, both from
Delamere Forest. Mr. Edwards, a box of insects just received from Bucharest,
including examples of Libellula quadrimaculata, Platetron depressum, and Centrotus
cormitus. Mr. Enock, bred series of the dragon-flies, Anax imperator, CorduUa
cEiiea, and Brachytron pratense, the two former from Esher and the latter from
Wisley. — H. J. Tubnee, Hon. Secretary.

October, 1901]. 233

SPANISH MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
by the right hon. lord walsingham, m.a., ll.d., f.r.s.

Introduction.

Any Miero-Lepidopterist taking stock of his collections and
desiderata among European species must suffer from a mixture of
uncertainty and covetousness when analysing the descriptions of new
species published by the late Dr. StauJinger after his two expeditions
to Spain in 1857 and 1858. The first and more important of these
was confined to the southern portion of the country. Among Tineidce
no less than 12 out of 76 descriptions were founded upon single spe-
cimens and 8 others on 2 specimens only, while in manj'^ cases the
amount of material was very limited. Many of the whole number
have since been recognised and are known in a few collections, but
the majority of the uniques are still unknown without access to the
types. It was in the hope of meeting with some at least of these
species that I started in December, 1900, for a six months' holiday in
Spain, and devoted as much time as I could afford, among other occu-
pations, to collecting.

A month's visit to Seville before and after Christmas, during
which the weather was atrocious, produced very meagre results. No
good wild or uncultivated ground could be found within many miles
of the town, but at Coria del Kio old thatches were full of hibernated
DepressaricB, while Thiodia poEdiscana, Stgr., and LitJiocolletis chicla-
nella, Stgr., were feeding in leaves of Populiis alba.

A visit to Alcalar supplied a few more common species, and
Platyedra vilella, 7i., was again a common occupant of thatch. At
Jerez the same methods yielded Opostega spatuleUa, HS., with hiber-
nated specimens of the LithocoUetis already mentioned, and a small
Anyhia (?) seeholdiella, Kag.

Chiclana, the spot where most of Staudinger's unrecognised
species were obtained, was the place at which I was most anxious to
stay, but small-pox was prevalent and accommodation primitive ; never-
theless, on December 15th, in a heavy downpour of rain, I spent about
ten minutes by the road-side during a flying visit, and w^as fortunate
enough to find larvae of Hi/psolopJms cisti, Stgr., and cases of a Coleo-
2)lwra on Hclichrysum, the same cases obtained later from the same
plants produced a species almost undistinguishable from ccelehipen-
nella, 7i., but the cases are much narrower and straighter than those
of this species from other localities.

Hearing glowing accounts of the climate, I started for Malaga,

234 [October,

and remained there for about three months, during which time flying
visits were paid to Gibraltar, Tangier, Goto and Gala Moral, and again
to Chiclana about February 20th. Never anywhere have 1 met with
such persistent bad weather as during the greater part of my stay at
Malaga, and indeed it dogged my footsteps on almost every excursion.
At the beginning of March there was snow on the coast- hills in
Morocco, opposite to Gibraltar! Whenever the rain stopped a strong
wind made collecting impossible ; my diary records from February 21st
to Marcli 3rd more or less wet on every day (usually more), the 27th
being the only mention of "occasional sunshine" during the whole
of this time I spent at Chiclana. Under such circumstances it is not
surprising that many of !Staudinger's species from this locality escaped
me, but rather that Phtheochroa simoniana, Stgr., Coleophora struella,
Stgr. (larvae) ; one or more species of Sci/thris, Polychrosis hihernana,
Stgr., and sundry other useful species, with a number of larvae sub-
sequently reared, rewarded a dogged but humid perseverance. The
character of the country is very different from that of Malaga.
Great tracts of young pine-forest cover the slightly undulating ground
between the salt-marshes and the sandy dunes on the sea-coast. The
undergrowth consists for the most part of various species of Cisfus
and Ilelianthemum with Quercus coccifera, Daphne gnidium, thyme
and juniper — the latter only near the coast (two species, macrocarpa
and phoenicius) ^ but Tortrix cupressana, Dp., + nohiliana, Stgr., was
sought in vain among these, it was too early to expect it to be out.
On the banks between the salt-pans were many interesting shrubs —
Limonlastrum monopefalum (from which I bred what at present appears
to be a new species of Sijmiiioca), Arthrocnemon Jruticosum (larvae on
this not reared), Siiceda fruticosa and Statice fcrulacea . Other plants
observed in the neighbourhood of more or less interest were Droso-
pliyllum lusitanicuin, Paronychia argentea (frequented by young larvae
of Dissoctena gi'anigerella, Stgr.), Asteriscus maritivms (with larvae of
two species in the dry seed-heads, one subsequently producing an un-
determined Metzneria), Phlomis piurjnirea (in the seeds of which were
larvffi of Phalonia morihundana, Stgr., and a Blastobasid still unde-
termined), Osijrls lanceolata, TeucriumfnUicans, HeUuutheinumhaUmi-
folhim^ Pliaca hostica, 31ercurialiti sp., &c., but this is not a botanical
treatise, and I am indebted to the staff of the British Museum for
the majority of these identifications. A great prize was a Pterophid
(larva> on Phar/iialon rupesfre), which subsequently proved to be that
of the very rare and distinct Alucita oJhiadactyla, Mill. The late M.
Milliere gave me one of the two specimens of this species in his col*

1901.] 235

lection, and I htid not since been ;ible to find the species in Jiuy of my
southern excursions, although 1 liavo frequently searched for it. This
year I was fortunate enough to breed two from Chiclana, and to take
others on the wing at Malaga. A. olbiadactyla, which is referred by Dr.
llebel to the genus Gijpsocliares, Meyr., is identical with the Andalusian
species issued by JStaudinger iiiider the MS. name leptodactijla.

Being unable to visit Chiclaua again, this excellent locality was
left practically unworked, but somewhat similar ground and vegeta-
tion were subsequently found from April 22nd to the 25th at Goto ;
here again torrents of rain and a bad attack of lumbago interfered
greatly with work as well as comfort, yet I found Phalonia
carpopliilana, Stgr., and JLolcoporjon hubulcoJIus, Stgr., abundant
in the larval stage, the latter of all ages in dried cowdung as
recorded by Staudinger from Kalisch's observations, and specimens
of both species occurred on tlie wing. Berries of Junijyerus macro-
carpus ixi\<\. phceniceiis were eaten by Gelecliia oxycedreJla, Mill., while
almost every leaf of one ])articular cork-tree had from one to four
mines of a Tisclieria, which requires very careful comparison with
complaneUa, Hb., and its allies. It resembles decidua, Wk., in size,
and dodoncBa, Stn., and complanclla, Hb., in the presence of a dark
spot near the base of the fore-wings on the underside ; Geleclua
sucedella, Edsn,, and Folychrosis hibernana, Stgr., also occurred. The
exact situation of Goto is near the point of land south between
the right bank of the mouth of the Guadalquivir and the sea — thus
immediately below the gigantic marshes of the Marisma, which abound
with wild-fowl of all kinds. The ground is preserved for game, red-
deer and wild boar being abundant. At one view I calculated there
were no less than 5000 flamingos in sight, some rising like a pink
cloud on the horizon, others feeding in long lines about the marsh,
others flying overhead with hoarse cackling, looking all legs and necks.
It was interesting to watch their movements through a good telescope
which I brought in the hope of meeting with the wild camels — my
guide told me he saw seventeen in one group in March, but they were
about 15 miles farther north.

At Gibraltar an hour spent in the rain at the foot of the rock on
March 2nd produced larva) of Epermenia on UinhellifercB, of a small
Eucelis on AJijssum marltinmm, with an Elachista and a few other
things flying.

At Tangier and Gape Spartel in the following month the persistent
gales rendered collecting almost hopeless. Single specimens of a few
interesting things were beaten out of fences and shrubs, notably

23G [October,

Soleiwhia pretiosa, iStn., and a curious variety or species of Eriocotfis,
apparently differing from fuscanella, 7i., andalusiella, libl., and pi/ro-
coma., Meyr. The most interesting thing found was a larva mining
patches on leaves of a very tall mallow, which after brief pupation
produced a new species of Dialectica, somewhat similar to Gracilaria
omissella, Z. ; this larva is brightly coloured, with transverse red bauds,
greatly resembling that of Coriscium hrongniardellum, F., when full-
fed. One or two larva? of Temtopsis permixtella, H8., were found
on Phillijrea near Cape Spartel in their leaf-rolling stage, and easily
reared. On this side of the town the country is for the most part
covered with C is ( us -hrnah, but on the east side Quercus coccifera is
abundant, after about a mile or two of the heavy sand of the shore,
and on the leading shoots of this oak several larvae (apparently of a
Tortricid) were collected, which have uot yet produced the moths, and
a single Coleophora-likc case, exactly corresponding to those described
by Dr. 8taudingcr from Chiclana {vide Stn. Tin. S. Eur., 151), and
attributed to his genus Epidola. Unfortunately this also has failed
to produce a moth, but the larva of Epidola is now known to occupy
a short piece of hollow stem, and the dark brown cases on Quercus
must certainly belong to some species of Coleophora.

The only other excursion of any importance made from Malaga
was on a visit to a friend on the coast near Cala Moral on the road to
Gibraltar. The vegetation here was very rich, especially in numerous
species of Cistus. Among the best captures were the following : —
Gelechia pluteUiformis, Stgr., Goleopliora solidaginella, JStgr. (larva?
abundant, since reared), Aprocerema lamprostoma, 7i., originally de-
scribed from Syracuse, which I now find equals my South African
Gelechia zulu [Wlsm., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 261-2, PI. XII,
30], a single specimen of Orneodes perittodactyla, Stgr., Pal-
todora lineatella, Z., an Eriocottis having the pale dorsal margin of
andalusiella, Rbl., but distinctly greyer and less shining than that
species, the costa also less arched. A very similar form from Malaga
does not possess the dorsal streak. I have seldom seen anything
more beautiful than the flowers of Cistus crispus at this place. The
brilliancy of their colouinng in a carpet of low growth was almost
dazzling.

Thus far I have mentioned short visits paid to various places
during the time that my head-quarters were established at Malaga.
One trip to the Sierra Frigiliana in pursuit of the Spanish Ibex
{Gapra hispanicn) during which entomology was almost entirely ne-
glected needs no mention here. My recollections of Malaga, except

1901.] 237

perhaps during the latter half of the month of April, ai*e a continuous
record of wind and rain. When it didn't rain it blew, and when it
didn't blow it rained, and when everybody said it was going to be fine
it did both. Nevertheless, I managed to make myself well acquainted
with every hill and valley along the coast-line for many miles to the
east of the town, where the ground was more favourable than to the
west. Among larvsB successfully reared w^ere several interesting
things, but a rather large proportion failed from being collected when
too young. Among the former were Gelechia liyoscfiamella, Mill., on
Hyoscynmus nihus. AristofeIiafrankeni(p,Whm., on Frankenia lavis,
a Meizneria on seeds of Asteriscus mnuref aniens, a probably new
Hypaiima from under bark of a dying fig tree, a small Coleophora on
Calendula arvensis, which also ate the leaves of a grass, Tortrix peram-
plana, Hb., not uncommon in leaves of SclUa {JJrginea) mnriiima,
Hjjpsoloplius limhipunctellus, Stgr. (= millierellus, Stn.), on Cistus
crispt/s and salviafolius, a new Nepticula on Antliyllis ci/tisoides,a new
Ooleophora on Genista umhellata, Phalonia morihundana, Stgr., and a
Blastohasis from seeds of Phlomis purpurea, Acrolepia solidaginis,
Stgr., Coleopliora lineolea, Hw., and Alucita spilodactyla, Crt., from
Marruhium, &c. Among the latter, perhaps not all yet beyond hope,
I have in my bottles a Coleophora on Helianthemmn lavandiilcpfoliitm,
and another on Lithospermum (possibly only the ~Echiiim-ieeA\wg onos-
mella, Brahm), two species of Coleophora on Jnthyllis cyfisoides with
similar cases but of different sizes, which will be again mentioned
when dealing with further occurrences at Granada, a Loxopera, pro-
bably hilhaensis, Eslr.,in stems of Crithmum marifiimim, and Grinopteryx
familieUa, Peyr. (found also near Seville). Among captures on the
wing were several interesting species of Coleophora and Sci/fhris not
yet fully identified, another Eriocoftis allied to fuscanella, Z., a single
specimen of a Cosmopteryx intermediate between lienigiella, 7j., and
semicoccinea, Stn, certainly new to Europe, but gi'eatlj'' resembling the
forms prevalent in Malaysia. Eidojyhasia syenitella, HS. (also
abundant at Granada), Sophronia exustella, 7i , Protasis pleurotella,
Stgr., Ancylis sparulana, Stgr., Metzneria eastiliella, Mschl., and a new
species of the same genus (the larva of which was afterwards found
on Asteriscus mauret aniens), with many others of minor impartance.

When the weather improved I started for Granada, an entomo-
logical Paradise, where the indulgence of one's acquisitive propensities
threatens long hours of critical museum work for time to come. Here
I spent the months of May and June, reaping a somewhat rich harvest,
which might have been richer if more time had been devoted to the

238 [October,

pursuit. Here Protasis fflitzeUa, tStgr., was abundant, with Phalonia
roseofasclana, Mn., ivfaviana, Knl, Pliarmncis meridiana, Stgr., Loxo-
perci torne/Ifi,'Whm.,iiml a Phalonia allied to lanrjuidana, Mn., caught
and bred from TIrlicliri/s2im. Pracliodes cassandrella, St^^r., which can
scarcely be considered more than a geographical subspecies of verneiella,
Gn. (although I could undertake to separate them at sight), Tinea
simpUcella, IIS., singly as usual, clirysopterella, HS., very abundant
locally, a Tineola distinct from but closely allied to crassicornella, Z.,
also abundant, Nemafois alhicilienus, Stgr., Cerostomn j)ersicella, Schiff.,
some good Deprcssarice and Gelecliiadce, including the conspicuous
Enolmis ratella, HS., and Stomoptcryx deterseUn, Z., Pterolonche
pnlveriilenta, Z., and Mcr/acrasppdus doJoseJlus, Z., a new species of
Didactylota which I had previously met with in the Pyrenees, Metz-
nrria npriJella, HS., Lrcithocera pallicorneUa, Stgr., already recorded
from the same locality, Pleurota heydenreicliiella, HS., which is now
(rightly or wrongly?) sunk as a variety of Itonorella, Hb., and other
species of the same genus about which I must equally reserve my
opinion for the present. Larva; of ColeopJtora sjniviosena, Stgr., on
Dorycnitim sv.[fruticnsum, the rare soJenella, Stgr., on Artemisia and
ononideJta, Mill., both less abundant here than in the Pyrenees.
Coleopliora vrstalella, Stgr., caught and bred from the larger of two
cases on Antliyllis cytisoides ; here I bred also a different species from
the smaller cases, corresponding exactly to a series taken among the
same plant at Malaga, where they were very abundant. Micropteryx
isohasella, Stgr., of which I did not previously possess males — the
male has a distinct purple mark at the base of the fore-wings which
is consistentl}^ absent in the female, thus exactly reversing the rule in
caltJieJIa, L. Micropteryx imp er feet ell a ^ S^^gr., to wliich a peculiar
history attaches — two species were mixed in Staudinger's series, and
after rightly describing one of them {imperfectella No. 1) be
amended his description in 1860, referring to Herrich-Schiiffer's figure
as correctly illustrating his species. I was fortunate enough to meet
with both forms, one at Tangier the other at Granada. They are un-
doubtedly distinct, but the original description must be taken to fix
the name in its application to No. 1, and Herrich-Schaffer's figure
(n. Schm., fig. 113) plus Staudinger's description of ionperfectella No.
2 requires a new name, and jacobella, n. n., seems to fit the case.
[Experience teaches that it is unwise to delay the correction of an
error when drawing attention to it, and that it is better to apply than
merely suggest a new name.] LitliocolJelis joviella, Cnst., may also be
worth mentioning as not hitherto recorded from Spain, BryopJtaya deli-

'901.] 239

eatelJa, Rbl, and a new and distinct Trifurcuin abundant among
Retama sphcer^ocmya.

The only excursion made from Granada was to the Sierra Nevada
in an easterly direction. I camped at a height of nearly 6000 feet,
and collected for two days with results better in quality than in
quantity. I am not prepared at present to deal with the species
obtained, but the most extraordinary sight I have ever seen were the
myriads of Lithocolhtis adenocnrpi, Stgr., which thickened the air like
innumerable midges on the slopes below mj camp — each blow of a
stick upon one of the bushes would dislodge thousands, and it was
not until the bush had been well thrashed that their numbers appeared
to diminish. The mines of the larvae were in nearly every leaflet, and
in spite of the quantity already out, a few dozen mines collected at
random produced a good series of bred specimens, many of which
came out before reaching camp. Here I touched the edge of the
snow-line, and as the weather was very hot a mouthful of snow was
very refreshing. The nights were warm and quite dry, there was
absolutely no dew, which was fortunate, as there was equally no
tent and practically no covering. The early morning about sunrise
was as usual in mountain districts as good or better than the evening
for collecting, but during the day nothing could be done but search
for larva;.

This is merely a hasty summary, and by no means represents a
study of the 4000 or more specimens which I brought back, moreover,
many pupae are yet under observation. My Italian valet, Barberi,wa8
of great assistance to me in collecting. He had a quick eye, and soon
learned to recognise certain genera and even species, and to discrimi-
nate between such as had occurred before and such as had not been
observed ; he was especially successful in finding larv» whether under
special or merely general instructions.

The nomenclature used in this short account is advisedly employed
(although in many cases it differs) from that adopted by Staudingcr
and Rebel ; on this subject more will be written when the species are
worked out, and when further notes and descri|jtions can be published.

(To be continued).

BALEARIC mSECTS.—HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTSRA
Collected in Majorca and Minorca (March and April, 1900) by E. B.

POULTON, OlDFIELD ThOMAS, AND R. I. PoCOCK.
BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S., &c:

Solenosthedium lynceum, Fieb., 1 ? , not localised, 1900 (Tlioinas and Pocock).

240 [October,

Eurygaster nigrocucullata, Groezo, 1 ? , Paluia, Majorca, Mareli 2 Uli, 1900
(Poulton).

Oraphosnma lineatum, L., 1 g , not localised (Thomas and Pocock).

Bracliypelta aterrima, Forst., 2 S > Pollensa, N. Majorica, under stones, April
1st, 1900 (Poulton) ; Mahon, Minorca, April, 1900 (Poulton).

SeJiirus morlo, L., 1 J , Mahon, Minorca, April 7th, 1900 (Poulton).

Slenocephalus agilis, Scop., 2 (? , 2 9 > Miramar Grounds, N. W. Majorca (Poul-
ton), March 27th, 1900. 1 ? , Inca, Majorca, Marcli 24th, 1900 (Tlionias and

Pocock). All these are of the variety with the apical ha/f of the posterior femora
black.

Lygceus pandurits, Scop., Majorca. Many of both sexes taken in Miramar
Grounds, March 27th, 1900 ; and outside Castle Bellver, elev. 400 ft., March 26th,
1900, all of the variety with milky-white unspotted membrane, like those from

Algeria ; five pairs captured in cop. in the latter locality (Poulton). 1 ^ , Inca,

Majorca, March, 1900 (Thomas and Pocock).

Pyrrhocoris (Byyptius, L., 2 <?, 3 9 > alontr road from Miramar to Valldcniosa,

N. W. Majorca, March 27th, 1900 (Poulton). apterus, L., 1 t? , Mahon, Minorca,

April 6th; 1 ?, Palma, Majorca, March 24th, 1900 (Poulton); S 9 , Albufera,
Majorca, April, 1900 (Thomas and Pocock).

Hydrometra stagnorum,'Ltr., 1 (? , 3 9 , Soller, N. W. Majorca, Marcli 291 h,
1900 (Poulton) ; (? 9 , Inca, Majorca, March, 1900 (Thomas and Pocock).

Velia rivuloriim, Fab., 2 (J , 2 9 (macr.), 1 g (brach.), and larval forms, ditch
near Port of Pollensa, N. Majorca, April 4th, 1900 (Poulton) ; 1 J , 5 9 , and
larva, Inca, Majorca, March, 1900 (Thomas and Pocock).

Gerris najas, de G., 1 cf (macr.), Albufci'a, Majorca, Ajn-il, 1900 (Thomas

and Pocock). thoracica, Schum., 1 <? , Inca, Majorca, March, 1900 (Thomas

and Pocock).

Ploiaria domestica, Scop., 1 $, Inca, Majorca, March, 1900 (Tliomas and
Pocock).

Pirates strepitans,'R,iimh. ,\ 9, Albufera, Majorca, April 1.5th, 1900 (Tliomas
and Pocock).

Lopus Uneolatus, Brulle, 1 S , Palnia, Majorca, outside Castle P>ellver, March
25th, 1900 (Poulton).

Pachytomella Passerinl, Cost., 2 <? , 1 9i Mahon, Minorca, April 7th, 1900
(Poulton).

Pachyxyphus Ilneellus, Muls. and Rey, 1 <? , Palma, Mnjorca, March 25th, 1900
(Poulton).

Naucoris connperstis, Stid, 2, Inca, Majorca, March, 1900, not localized (Thomas
and Pocock).

Notonecta glavca, L., v. maculata, 5 and 2 larv«>, Mahon, Minorca, April, 1900
(Poulton) ; 7, Inca, Majorca, March, 1900 (Thomas and Pocock).

Anisops prodticta, Fieb., 9 j 5, Majorca, ditch, near Port of Pollensa, April,
1900 (Poulton).

As in the ease of the Aciilealo., a far larp^er number of species
were obtained in June and July of the present year.

Woking: July, 1901.

1901.] 241

AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH STRATIOMYID.E, WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OP A NEW GENUS.

BY ERNEST E. AUSTEN.

Early in June of the present year I received from Dr. David
Sharp, F.R.S., a few small larvae or pupse of the usual terrestrial
Stratiomyid type, that is to say, presenting a close general resemblance
in external appearance to larvfe such as those of Xylomj/ia, Chloromyia,
or Microchrysn. They had been found by Dr. Sharp with a number
of others on June 1st, in a decaying holly tree at Bank, near Lynd-
hurst, in the New Forest. In length the adult larvae or pupae
measured some 0| mm., with a width of 1| mm. at their widest part
(5th post-cephalic segment), and owing to their narrowness I at first
expected that they would prove to belong to some species of Beris.
Since our knowledge of the life-history of this genus is still confined
to Walker's solitary statement, with reference to Beris chalj/heata,
Forst., that "the pupa had been found in moss,"* I rather hoped that
I was about to have the op])ortunity of to some extent filling up the
gap. The larvae or pupje were received on June Gth, and two days
later all doubts were set at rest by the emergence of a little shining
black fly, with a strikingly silvery looking thorax, which it was not
difiicult to identify as Pncliyqaster meroonelas (meromeJo'naf), Duf.,an
addition to the list of British Diptera.

Other specimens subsequently emerged, and on June 1 1 th I
received a fresh supply of material from Dr. Sharp, including some
larvae which were smaller and paler than the rest, and evidently quite
young. In the end no less than eight flies made their appearance,
and among these were three males and five females.

Before proceeding to the description of P. meromeJceno, it may
be as well to glance for a moment at previous statements as to the
life-history of species of Pacliygaster, which as it happens are fairly
frequent in dipterological literature.

The larviB of Pachygaster appear to live exclusively in rotten wood. So long
ago as 1828 the larvae of P. ater (atra), Pz., were found by Schilling at the com-
mencement of spring beneath the bark of Pimts sylvestris — " in sylvaticis pagi
Lissae." These larvje, from which the imagines emerged within three weeks, were
briefly described and figured by Schilling (" Beitriige zur Entomologie," I. Heft
[Breslau, 1829], pp. 94-95, Taf. VIII, fig. 8).

* Insecta Britaiinica, Diptera,, vol. i, p. 12 ;i851K

t Since gaster is feminine, we must of course write Pachygaster meromelcena, atra. minu-
tisniixa, &.C., but for .some reason all previou.s authors, from Meigen to Osten Sacken, have given
specific names in thi.s genus a masculine termination. In the present paper a specific name
quoted for the fir.st time is written in the old way, followed, if necessary, by the cori'ect form in
brackets, and the latter is adopted in all subsequent references.

242 [October,

Carcel, vvlio fcmiid the larvre- of P. atra in rotten wood in an elm tree near
Paris, and is quoted by Maequart (Ins. Dipt, dii Nord dc la France— Asiliques,
Bombyliers, &c , &e., p. 112), eonjirlers that development lasts more than one year,
and probably more than two years.* Maequart (op. c(7., pp. Ill — 112) gives a
description of the larvte which Carcel sent liim.

According to Zetterstedt (Dipt. Scand., VIII, p. iO*)! [l.SU)]),both sexes of
P. miiiKlissijiiiis {iHuiiifinsima), Ztt., were bred by Boheman between May 6th and
loth, 1812, from pupce found beneath the bark of old pine stumps.

Dufour found the larvse, from whieh he subsequently bred the typical specimens
of P. merome/eena, in rotten wood benealh the bark of an old dead poplar in S. W.
France, in April, 1840, and the flies emerged towards the middle of the following
June. The larva and perfect insect were described by Diifour in the " Annales des
Sciences Naturelles," Seeonde Serie, T. XVI (1841), pp. 2(j4-2(i6, and figures of the
former were given in PI. 14 A, figs. 17 — 19. In his description of the larva Dufour
speaks by mistake of fweh-e segments behind the head, whereas in reality there are
but eleven ; I^ufour, however, considered the narrow margin behind the transverse
stigmatic furrow on the eleventh segment as representing a twelfth.

In 1855 the species was re-described by Waidberg (Ofvers. K. Vct.-Akad.
Forhandl. Elfte Argangen [1854], pp. 212—213), under the name Pachygaster
orbitalis. Wahlberg also seems to have bred the insect fi'om larva' in poplar wood,
for he writes, " Hab. in ligno Populi cceso ad Gusum Ostrogoth itie." He adds,
" Femina pliires per annos a solstitio ffstivali ad medium mensis Augusti hand raro
observata, ex. gr. d. 1 Julii ad 10 Aug.. 1840; mas ignotus." The reason for the
latter statement, will appear subsequently. Wahlberg points out that, in addition
to the other ehai-acters, the species is easily distinguished by the silvery orbits from
the four species previously known {P. atra, Pz. ; paJlipennis, Macq. [== Leachii,
Curt.) ; minutissima, Ztt. ; and tarsalis, Ztt.).

In his pa)ier, entitled, " Ilistoire des Insectcs du Pin Maritime " (Ann. Soe.
Ent. France, 4if--m'-' Serie, T. X [1870], pp. 135 — 232, Pis. 1—5), Perris described
the several stages of a species which he considered to be now, and designated Pa-
chygaster pini {Inc. fit., pp. 208 — 212, PI. 3, figs. 80— 88). The larva; of this species
were found under the bark of pine trees attacked by those of Tonticus and Hyhtrgus,
feeding upon the detritus and excrement left by the latter. According to Mik
(Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, Bd. XXX [1880], p. 590), Pachygaster pini, Perris, = P.
miniitissima, Ztt. Mik states that he bad received the species in some numbers
from Ilerr F. Waehtl, who bred it from the black pine {Piiius laricio, Poiret) of the
Vieima district in 1878.

In concluding these notes on the life-history of the various species of Pachy-
gaster, it may be added that Perris {loc. cil., p. 212) states that he has bred P.
pallidipennis (= P. Leachii, Curt.) from larva; living in a boletus found in hollow
oak.

Since Dufour's original description of P. meromelcena is very

* In connection with Carcel's surmise that the development of Packi/pci.'^ter atra, Pz., lasts
longer than a year, it may be noted that according to Westwood (" Introduction," II, p. 533), a
larva of Clilel'laria ephippium (^ Ephippium epiiippium., Fabr. ) discovered l)y Von Roser, of
Stuttgart, in a rotten nut tree, "although more than half grown when found .... was
two years in arriving at the perfect state."

1001.] 243

brief, besides being inaccessible to the majority o£ English Dipterists,
the following re-description will ])erhaps not be considered super-
fluous : —

Pachygaster meromelcena, Duf.

Pachygaster meromelas* L. Dufour: — " Annales des Sciences
Naturelles," Seconde Serie, T. xvi (1841). Zoologie, p. 2G6.

Length, 3| mm. (1| 1.) ; length of wing, 3f mm.; width of head in $ slightly
more than 1 mm.

Shining hJack ; thorax (including scutellum) in (^ clothed with very short ap-
pressed silvery white hairs ; in ? these hairs confined to a somewhat crescentic urea,
spreading out on side of thorax belmv, in front of the prominent post-sutural tubercle
on, each side; eyes unde apart in both sexes (front in 9 nearly tiuice the width of
that in $ , and broader above; in ^ practically uniform in width throughout),
each bordered anteriorly with a conspicuous silvery-iohite stripe, extending well
above base of antenna ; mesopletira ivith a vertical stripe of short silvery-white
hairs ; halteres in both sexes white, the stalk infuscated ; legs pale yellow, femora,
except the tips, black ; wings hyaline, the portion of the rosfa and of the first vein
before the pale yellow stigma blackish.

Head and eyes shaped as in the ? of Pachygaster Leachii, Curt., conspicuously
larger and broader tlian in the ? of P. atra,Vz. ; the eyes are distinctly larger and
more prominent in tlte g than in the ? , and the whole head is in consequence
noticeably larger in the former sex. Antenna' in both sexes ochraceous, third joint
blackish at the apex and on the inner side, considei'ably larger in the $ than in the
cJ ; arista blackish. Eyes in life with a median horizontal purple band, extending
four-fifths of the way across from the front margin ; posterior orbits in the occipital
region practically invisible in the $ but somewhat more prominent in the ? , though
not produced to anything like the same extent that they are in the $ of P. air a.
Dorsum of thorax finely punctured, with the post-sutural tubercle on each side, seen
in P. Leachii but less noticeable in P. atra, very prominent; in the $ the anterior
portion of the central ai-ea of the dorsum of the thorax is clothed with minute
blackish hairs, which are much finer than the short silvery hairs clothing the same
region in the $ and also seen on the sides in the $ , in front of the post-sutural
tubercles ; posteriorly, between the tubercles and extending as far as the hind
margin, the minute hairs in the ? have a golden hue. Abdomen closely punctured,
clothed with minute blackish hairs.

In the infuscated area of the third joint of the antennae each annulus is marked
with a series of circular yellow spots, which perhaps indicate sense organs; these
spots are quite conspicuous, even under a lens magnifying only ten diameters.

When the males described above were running about alive in a glass tube the
silvery appeai'ance of the thorax, due to the character of the hairs clothing it, was
very noticeable.

The above description is based upon an examination of three
males and five females bred from pupse found with a niiiuber of larvae

* meros, upper part of the tbigh ; melas, black.

244 [Octolier,

by Dr. D. Sharp, F.R.S., on June 1st, 1901, in a decaying holly tree
at l^ank, by Lyndhiirst, New Fore!>t, Hants. Dr. Sharp was so <i,oocl
as to send me two sejjarate consinrnnionts of larv?e and pupa?, the first
on June Gth, the second on .Tune 11th ; the three males emei'ged on
June 8th and 9th. one female on the 15tli, three other females on the
I8th and 19th, and yet another on the 28th.

As to the circumstances under which our specimens were ob-
tained, the following; extracts from Dr. Sharp's letters may be of
interest. Writing from Bank on June 9th, 1901, Dr. Sharp said : —
" I went to the tree immediately after breakfast this moriiinp^, as so
many Dipfera appeared yesterday for the first time that T thought
these little creatures might be all gone. T am glad this was not the
case. T at once secured two immature flies under the bark, and a few
puparia. Many larv?e of sizes going down to about 1 mm." In a
second letter frrtm the same address on June 19th Dr. Sharp wrote: —
" T have no belief in this fly being found again — certainly not above
once in thirty years, and probably never here The conditions are
those of our rarest British beetles, such ns Eucnemis.'" It is to be
hoped that Dr. Sharp's fears may prove groundless, and that the species
may be reported ere long from other localities in the British Islands.

In liis papor on the European species of Tachijgaster* pp. 264, 267, Loew
states that Facliygaster argentlfer {arfjeiitifpra), Ja3nnieko (Berl. ent. Z., X [1866],
p. 221), is a synonym of P. meromelcena, Duf. This, however, cannot be so if my
interpretation is correct, since Jaennickc states that in his species the halteres in the
$ are blackish with black peduncle, thougli wliilc in the ? . Moreover, the size
that he gives (2^ mm.) is too small for P. meromelcBiin. and, although he describes
both sexes, he gives no indication that the eyes are separated in the S ; the eyes in
the $ , and appai-ently in that sex alone, are bordered with silver just as in P. mero-
melcena. Jrennicke states that lie has bred both sexes of P. argentifera, and says
that the ? is much more common than tlic g .

With reference to P. meromelfena, Duf., Loew writes (/oc. c<7., p. 266), "Of
this species I possess a ? from Herr Dufour's collection, two 9 ? from Germany
agreeing with it, and a S taken near Magdeburg ; that the latter belongs to the 9
of Pachygaster meromelas, in spite of the black coloration of its halteres, which are
white in the ? , I do not doubt, in view of the agreement in all other characters."

One is naturally loth to differ from so great an autliority as
Hermann Loew,* and it is only after long and anxious consideration
that I have come to the conclusion that the three specimens described

* H. Loew, " Revision der europiiischen Paclivgixstcv-Arteii ;" Zoitscliiift fiir die Gesammteii
Naturwi.s.sen.schaften, Bd. XXXV [1870], pp. 257—271.

* Even Homer nod.'i, however, and if further ilhi.stration of the well known fact be needed,
it may be observed that in ln.s remarks on Soliiner's ;>tatotnent that in Pachycmater Leacliii, witli
the exception of the entirely hyaline wings and wholly yellow lega, all else is "as in P. nter,"
Loew [Inc. cil., p. 2G1) gives no indication that he himself has noticed the difference in the shape
of the head.

1901.] 245

above, with .small antcniue, separated eyes but narrow fronts, aucl
thorax entirely clothed with silvery pile, are undoubtedly males. Un-
fortunately no external genitalia are to be seen. 'J'hat my three males
belong to the same species as the live females there can of course be
no question. As to the differences, suffice it to say that in both P.
atra, Pz., and P. Leackii, Curt., the third joint of the antennae is
much smaller in the male than in the female, while a difference between
the sexes in the coloration of the hair clothing the thorax is no
novelty in the StratiomyiclcB* Another very significant point is the
fact that, as has already been shown, the three specimens regarded by
me as males emerged from the pupa from six days to a week before
the first of the females. f

The type of the genus Pachygaster, Meigen (llliger's " Magazin
fiir Insekteukunde," II [lb03], p. 26G) \^ Nemotelm ater, Fz. In this
species the eyes are small, and in the male meet together on the front
anteriorly. The head of the female, viewed from the side, has a
peculiar flattened and also an elongated appearance, owing to the fact
that the posterior orbits are produced on each side into a prominent
tumid ridge. In the male this ridge is much more pronounced below
than above, and the head is less flattened from above downwards. In
Pachygaster Leachii, Curt., the eyes are larger and more prominent
in both sexes, while the posterior orbits are not developed at all in
the male, and only very slightly in the female below ; consequently
the head of P. Lcachii is very different in shape from that of P. atra.
Whether, owing to the undeveloped condition of the posterior orbits,
and the differences in the size and shape of the eyes and head generally,
P. Leachii should be allowed to remain any longer in the same genus
as P. atra (although the males of both species are holoptic), is a
question beyond the scope of the present paper, and one that may
be safely be left to be decided by Mr. "Verrall in the next volume of
bis " British Flies." As regards Pachygaster meromelceiin, however,
there can be no doubt at all that, since the eyes in the male are sepa-
rate, the species cannot possibly be congeneric with Pachygaster ater,
but must be referred to a new genus. I therefore propose for it the
name Neopachyg aster, and the new genus may be briefly characterized
as follows : —

Neopachygasxkb, gen. nov.

Agreeing generally (venation, shape of tiody and antennce) with Pachy-

* The common Odontomyia viridula, Fabr., may serve a.s a case in point.

t Whether it is the rule among Diptera for the males to appear before the females I am un-
fortunately unable to say, but in some cases they certainly do so. Thus in a recent communication
Dr. T. L. Bancroft, of ISurpcngary, Queensland, who for some years past has made a special study
of Cidicido-, writes as follows : — " in bleeding out mosquitoes I have observed that the first
imagines to appear are males ; they emerge several days before the remainder, which are females."

246 [October,

gaster, Mf/., hut with the eijes separate in both sc.ves, and the posterior orbits
not produced into a prominent rid<je in cither sex.

Ty])e of gcuus, Pachi/gaster vieroiiicJcena, L. Dufour.

The synonymy will therefore run as follows : —

NeOPACUYGASTEK MEROMELJiNA, Duf.

Pachygaster meromelas, L. Dufour, Ann. Sc. Nat., Seconde Serie, T. XVI, p.

266 (1841).
Sargus pachi/gaster, Flu., Stratioinytliu Sueeise, p. 13, 1 (1817), p^.
Pachygaster orbitalis, Wahlberg, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., Elfte Arg.,

1854, p. 212 (1855).
? Pachygaster argentifer, Jaiimicke, ? , Berl. Ent. Z., X, p. 221 (1866).
Pachygaster meromelas, Loew, Zeitselir. f. d. Gcs. Naturwiss., Bd. XXXV, p.

266 (1870), p/!.

It is impossible to say definitely whether any other species can
at present be assigned to Neop achy (faster. Pachygaster tarsnJis, Ztt.,
as yet unfortunately unrepresented in our collection, would seem to
have a holoptic male, since, although he does not expressly mention
the eyes, Zetterstedt, who describes both sexes, states that the species
is similar to P. atra. Pachygaster minutissima, Ztt., is stated by
its author (Dipt. tScand., viii, p. 2i)Gl) to have the eyes in contact
in the male.

Van der Wulp (" Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek," Bd. xxi [1S98], p. 417),
describes the male of his species Pachygaster limhipennis, from New
Guinea, as having the eyes almost in contact (" mit fast zusammen-
stossenden Augen") ; while in the case of P. lativentris (he. cif., p.
416), another new species from the same locality founded on the female
ahnie, he states that the front is " very narrow, ex]}anded into a triangle
above the antenna;." It is possible that the type of P. lativentris is
really a male, and that both of these species should be assigned to
Neopachygastcr. A single undetermined specimen in our collection,
from Hobart, Tasmania, of large size and perhaps belonging to a
species as yet undescribed, may well belong to Neopachygastcr, since,
while the eyes are separate, the front is of but moderate width and
has the sides parallel, so that the sjiecimen is in all probability a male.

In concluding this paper I would ask to be allowed to offer my

congratulations to Dr. ISharp on the discovery of so interesting an

addition to the British Fauna, and at the same time to ex])ress my

appreciation of the generous manner in which he has enriched the

National Collection.

British Museum (Natural History),

CrotTiwclI Eoad, London, N.W. :
August 15th, 1901.

1901.] 247

TWO UNEECORDED BRITISH HYMENOPTERA -. HEDYCHRUM
RUTILAN8, Daulbom, AND (?) SALIUS FROPINQUUS, Lkp.

BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., P.E.S.

In looking the other day through some Hymcnopfera collected at
Lyndhurst by Misss Ethel Ohawner, I was pleased but not surprised
to recognise a specimen ( $ ) of a Chrysid, which I have long thought
must occur in this country. This is the true Hcdijcliriim ratilans,
Uahlb. (not to be confounded with the insect so identified by F.
Smith and Marshall, which is a Holopyga). It is widely distributed
throughout Europe, not uncommon in the north of France, and J
have a specimen taken by Mr. E. Saunders this year in Jersey. Its
appearance here is therefore quite natural.

Miss Chawner says, " 1 took it on a piece of rustic woodwork
close to a dry and sandy ditch in this garden. The time was either
July or August (I think the latter) of 1899."

Heddjcliriim rutilans is easily distinguished from our other Hedy-
chrum (viz., nohile, Scop., = luciduhim, F.) by its very different
colouring, which a good deal resembles that of the much smaller
Hedi/chridium minutwn, Lep. The vertex, and the whole front of the
thorax, up to and inclusive of the scutellum, are concolorous with
the abdomen, of a fiery tint (rather rosy-red than golden), which in
some lights appears " shot " with green. In the ^ this greenish tint
is stronger, and sometimes quite overpowers the red, but there is no
such striking difference between the coloration of the two sexes as
occurs in nohile. Structurally the two species are best distinguished
by the pronotum, which in rutllans is longer, and (as seen from above)
narrowing more distinctly fi-om base to apex. Also the hairing of
the head in rutilans is very short and pale, while in nobiJe it is pretty
long and distinctly blackish.

In my Synoptic Table (Ent. Mt). Mag., 19U0, p. l?A)) rutilans
should follow nohile, ? , and be characterized — " vertex and scutellum
as well as pro- and mesonotum reddish-fiery." The description of
nohile, $ , should read, " vertex and scutellum greenish-blue, pro- and
mesonotum golden."

The above w^as not my only interesting " find " among INIisa
Chawner's captures. They included also two specimens (both ? ) of
a Salius, of which at the time I could only say that it was quite un-
like anything known to me as British. But having since compared
them with my foreign Salii, I believe them to be identical with two

248 [October,

? Specimens, one of which I took at Jericho, and the otlier at Algiers.
Each of these has been identified for me as (probably) Saliiis pro-
pinquus, Lep., the former by Herr Kohl, the latter by Mr. E. Saunders.
These insects, though females, are practically entirely black, the
usual red band on the abdomen being conspicuous by its absence, and
only tlie extreme edges of the basal dorsal segments just where they
fold over the corresponding ventral i)lates, the mandibles and mouth
parts, and the legs at their articulations, showing a slight tendency to
rufescence. The apical portions of the fore-wings are occupied by a
dark cloud enclosing a very large and cons|)icuous hyaline spot; and
thei'e is also (much in the style of Ar/enia varier/ata, L.) another deep
stain along the basal nervures forming a distinct broadish fascia. The
clypeus is scarcely emarginate, punctured, and dull, except on its
extreme apex, in the centre of which is a little shining triangular
space. The vertex and pronotum are very closely punctured and
quite dull ; on the mesouotum and still more the scutellum the punc-
tures are rather more sparse, and the surface therefore slightly
shining; the mesopleura? are closely (reticulately) rugose and dull,
the propodeum shining with conspicuous and uninterrupted transverse
striations. The insect is clothed with a short silvery pubescence, for
the most part, how'ever, only visible in certain lights, that on the
pygidial area is darker (fuscescent), and there are some longer whitish
hairs about the apex of the clypeus, the vertex, the occipital and
prothoracic regions (including the front coxae), the under-side of the
abdomen, and its apex. The ocelli are arranged in a nearly equi-
hiteral triangle, and the posterior pair are rather nearer to each other
than to the compound eyes. This description will, 1 hope, be suffi-
cient for the identiticatiou of the species by any one fortunate enough
to meet with it.

The ^ of propinquus is, I believe, not certainly known. It is to
be hoped that Miss Chawner's future searches in her neighbourhood
may clear this matter up. In the meantime I may say that I have
taken at Algiers a ^ Salius, which seems very likely to be the creature
in question. It is black, with a striated propodeum, and wings with
a double fuscous cloud (as in propinquus, ? ), but, as is natural,
without the essentially $ character of the hyaline apical spot.

Whether or not this insect be the true propinquus, Lep., and
whether, if so, it be really a good species, or only a melanic form of
some usually rcsd-banded Salius, it is at any rate remarkable that it
should occur in this country, and, having occurred now, that it should

1901-] , 249

not have been detected before. It is so noticeable an insect, anel so
unlike any other British species, that it can scarcely have been over-
looked if met with.

Miss Chavvner's two specimens differ a good deal in size — S mill,
and 12 mill. long, respectively ! but otherwise they are quite similar.
One was taken in her garden in August, 1S93, the other (the larger
specimen) on Lyndhurst liacccourse in August, 1899. Of the former
she writes to me, " It was running on a sandy flower-bed in this garden.
The sun was very hot at the time, and it was ilirtiiig its wings, so that
the white spots on them quite glistened. I think this is what attracted
my attention to it."

Brunswick, Woking :

September, 1901.

ON AN ICHNEUMONID GENUS, AND TWO SPECIES NEW TO

BRITAIN.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

DINOTOMUS, Forst.

Forst., Ver. pr. Eheinl., 1868, p. 188 ; Psilomastix, Tisclibcin, Stett. Ent. Zeit.,
1868, p. 255 ; Troffus, Gr. I. E., ii, 371 (pars.).

Head much narrower than thorax, constricted behind eyes ; labrum strongly
exserted ; clypeus apically truncate or emarginate. Antennae in both sexes filiform,
and not perceptibly centrally dilated. Thorax stout. Scutellum more or less
pyramidal or conical, apically immarginate. Abdomen aciculate or striate, with
more than three visible dorsal segments, very deeply iiicised and laterally bordered ;
lunula} on segments 2 — 4 vranting, or very indistinct. Legs slender, hind femora
reaching at most to apex of 4th dorsal segment. Wings dark ; areolet subpenta-
gonal or subrhomboidal.

In the British list this genus is the next before Tragus, Panz.

DiNOTOMUS LAPIDATOE, Fab.

Ichneumon lapidator, Fab., M. I., i, 266, S ; Piez., 67 {nee Fab., E. S., iii. 160).
/. coeriilator, Fab. Piez., 68. I. caeruleator, Panz. Schref. Ic, cxxxv, f. 3 (?).
Trochus coeruleator, Trentep. Isis, 1826, p. 297. Banchns venator, Iliig. Rossi
F. E., n. 767. Tragus caeruleatar, Panz., F. G., pt. c, t. 13 : Rcvis., 80. T. lapi-
dator, Gr. I. E., ii 391 ; Wesm. Bui. Ac. Brux., 1854, p. 61, S ■ Psilomastix
lapidator, Tischb., Ent. Zeit., 1868, $ $ . Dinotomus lapidator, Berth., Ann. Soc.
Fr., 1896, p. 296.

Head black, transverse ; eyes prominent ; face entirely black, somewhat pro-
minent longitudinally in the centre, strongly and evenly punctate ; clypeus black,
apically emarginate, slightly raised latci'ally, strongly punctate, with scanty white
hairs ; mandibles black, rufescent apically, punctate and margined, very obsoletely
bifid and much depressed apically ; labrum, ligula, maxillary and labial palpi
fulvous ; 2nd joint of maxillary palpi strongly lobed, apical long and cylindrical ;

250 [October,

labial palpi with joints soiuewliat iiionilifonii. AiiteiDKe rather short, entirely
black above, funiculus ferrugineous below towards base ; darker with joints more
cylindrical in ? . Thorax black ; mesonotum finely, evenly, and distinctly punc-
tate, with an anterior central depression in ^ ; mesopleurae finely scabrous, divided
from the more shining mesosterna by an ill-defined sulcatula, intcrpectoral line
smooth and narrow ; metathorax strongly punctate, with black pilosity ; areola very
short, triangular, tlie posterior area only well defined. ScuteUum black, strongly
punctate, with black pilosity, tumidulous, apically acuminate. Abdomen violaceous-
or cairuleous-black, longitudinally rugose, the sculpture much coarser in ? , incisures
deeply impressed, dorsum of central segments depressed ; petiole bicarinate, much
cxplanate apically, central area narrow, aciculate in $ , rugose in ? ; gastrocaeli
normal, deeply impressed ; two apical segments small and inconspicuous ; S with
ventral fold on segments 2 — 5, $ on 2 — 3 ; terebra scarcely visible and barely
exserted beyond apex of last ventral segment. Legs fulvous, coxa; and trochanters,
except apex of hind pair, black ; hind tarsi more or less nigrescent, onychiura red.
Wings somewhat infuscate ; costa and tegulse piceous, radix ferrugineous ; basal
nervures piceous, the apical and stigma ferrugineous ; areolet distinctly subpetiolate,
its sides converging. Length, $ , 15 mm. ; (J, 13 mm.

The 5 \ar.fuscipennis, Grav. I. E. ii 389, has the wings very dark with a
violet reflection.

This species is a well-known parasite of Papilio Machaon ; it is
solitaiy in its parasitism, and the imago emerges from the pupa through
a large irregularly-circular hole, often in the right wing-case. All the
British examples have heen bred from the above host.

There is a $ in Eev. T. A. Marshall's collection (Mus. Mason)
labelled " British, 1893," and others m those of Messrs. A. Beaumont
and W. AV. Esam. The latter received twelve larvae, of which onlj
three pupated, two of these producing the sexes of lapidator (above
described). There is little doubt these also are British, since they were
obtained from a collector in the Cambridge Fens, in June, through
Edmonds, who had no Machaon from the continent till the autumn.

On the continent it is very rare in Sweden, where Holmgren
never met with it, and uncommon in central and southern Europe,
extending to Algeria. It has been bred from Argynnis Pandora by
Mocsary. Gravenhorst says, " Habitat in floribus, in dumetis, in
regiouibus sylvaticis."

UiNOTOMUs picTus, Kricchb.

Psilomastix pyramidalis, Tischb., Ent. Zeit., 1868, ? (sic g). P. lapidator,
var. 19, lih. cit., 1874, ^ $ . P. pictus, Kricchb., Nachr., 1882. Dinotomus pictus,
Berth., Ann. Soc. Fr., 1896, p. 297.

YcYy like the preceding, from which it may at once be known by its truncate
clypeus and flavous markings, as well as by the following points : — Head concave
behind the eyes ; facial, geual, and vertical orbits broadly fulvous ; clypeus apically

1901.1 251

truncate; mandibles rufescent throughout, distinctly bideiitate ; joints of maxillary
palpi subcylindrical. Antennce of ? with joints 11 — 15 stramineous. Thorax
black ; pronotum, lines before and beneath radix, and two indistinct punctures before
soutellum, fiavous ; areola represented by a tubercle, posterior area with strong
lateral costte. Scutellum finely punctate, black, its posterior face stramineous ;
acuminately arcuate. Abdomen black, with no metallic reflection ; the petiole not
tnuisually explanate apically, its central area aeiculate in both sexes ; gastrocaeTi
broad and deeply impressed ; terebra slightly exserted beyond apex of abdomen.
Legs bright fulvous, coxse and trochanters almost entirely black ; anterior femora
and tibiae infuscate above ; all the tarsi entirely fulvous. Wings subhyaline, with a
slightly darker apical fascia ; all the nervurcs piceous ; areolet subdeltoid, not
petiolate. Length, $ , 16 mm.

The insect above described differs from the type form in the immaculate scape,
mesopleurae, coxte, and trochanters, and in having the hind femora, tibioe, and tarsi
unicolorous.

A single example was bred from a pupa of Apatura Iris on July
12th, 1901, by Mr. J. F. Musham ; the larva was taken in the New
Forest. The parasite emerged through " a circular hole 1/8" dia. in
the upper left half of the thorax, not quite in the centre ; the pupa
was only slightly discoloured, much less so than when the host
emerges. The larva before pupation was very small and sluggish, and
its right process was only half as long as the left ; oviposition of the
parasite took place in the autumn, before hibernation, when the larva
was in its earliest stages."

It is very rare on the continent ; M. I'Abbe Berthoumieu records
it only from Hungary ; Tischbein bred it from the above host.

Ipswich : September, 1901.

A NEW G-ENUS OP HAWAIIAN GEOMETRIDJl.
BY E. C. L. PEEKINS, B.A.

In this Magazine (ante p. 215) I described a new genus of
Oeo7netridce from the Hawaiian Islands, and suggested that Scotorij-
thra megaJoplnilla, Meyr., of which only the $ is known, might be
congeneric with this. The genus now characterized is much more
likely to include the above-named species, and my former suggestion
is no doubt erroneous. The following characters will readily separate
the new genus from Scotorythra and its allies.

ACEODEEPANIS, gen. nov.

Antennse of c? formed as in Scotorythrn, but with the pectinations unusually
short, only three or four times as long as the widest part of the shaft. Whole body
beneath densely hairy. Tcrmen of fore-wings excised below the apex so as to be
distinctly falcate. Hind-wings conspicuously hairy from the dorsal margin to the

252 [October,

middle. All the leg joints to and inclnding the basal joint of tarsi hairy ; posterior
tibiffi very short, hardly longer than the tarsi, and without a hair-pencil. Abdomen
densely hairy at the sides, more robust than in the allied genera.

ACUODREPANIS NESIOTES, sp. nov.

(? . Expanse, 56 mm. Head bright orange, antennae ochreous-orange, shaft
above dark before the pectinations, the latter with dark lines. Thorax ochreous-
yellow in front, ochrenus-brown posteriorly, with sparse whitish irroration. Legs
orange, sparsely spotted with blaek. Fore-wings rather broadly triangular, the
costa gently sinuate to near the apex, which is strongly prominent and falcate ;
termen concave below the apex, then bowed, oblique, not waved ; colour fuscous
suffused with orange, and much irrorated with whitish or ashy-white on the basal
two-thirds, and especially on the median band ; first and second lines very distinct,
dark fuscous overlying orange, the first nearly straight, the second gently sinuate
outwardly on its upper, inwardly on its lower half, enclosing an obviously paler
median band, three times as broad at the cosfa as on the dorsal margin ; cilia fer-
ruginous a little mixed with white and black, mostly black towards tornns. Hind-
wings yellow-oehreous, infuscate towards termen, with an obscure median line of
orange suffusion. Abdomen pale ochreous, fuscous at the base.

llab. : Mountains of Oahu.

The falcate wings and <j;enei'al appearance associate tliis species
with Scotori/tlirn inrr/aJflpJ//jIla,Meyr.,hut the iinwavetl tcnneu renders
it unlikely that the two are specifically identical.

Honolulu, H. I. :

August 20th, 1901.

EPHEMERTD.^ COLLECTED EY HERR E. STRAND IN SOUTH AND
ARCTIC NORWAY.

BY THE BEV. A. E. EATON, M.A., P.E.S.

Ilerr Strand's collection was forwarded to me for llie naming of
species last November. It comprises upwards of 700 alcoholic speci-
mens, in seven tubes or small phials. The species of Uj^Jievieridce
represent ten genera, one of which is new : about half of them have
already been published ; of the remainder, some are of uncertain
species, or are hardly in condition for description, but two are here
named. The localities and dates of captures recorded are : —

Gjolsjiien, Oedemark, June 5th, 1899 ; JSkien, 4tli, and Ulefos,
5th June ; Laerdalsoren, September 4th, 1900 ; and Aal, September,
1900, in South Norway.

Hatfjelddalen, 1899 ; Lodingen, 1st, and Hammero, 8th July ;
and Tysfjorden, August, 1900, in Arctic Norway.
Ephemera vujgata, Lin. — Gjolsjiien, 34 ex.

1901.]

258

Leptophlebia marglnata, Lin. (Stepli.) — Ulefos, 3 ex. ; Gjolsjaen, 1 ex. ; Hanimerd,

1, and Lodingen, 3 ex.
Leptophlebia Me^eri, Ktn. (vesper/ itia, h. ?) —^k'leu, 52 ex.; Gjolsjilen, 47 ex.;

Aal (? 3 ex.), a ? subini., I 9 im. and 1 ^ iin. in bad preservation.

Leptophlebia Steandii, sp. nov. (fig. I and a).

Subimago (in alcohol).-- Wings uniformly grey, thus differing from L. Meyeri,
in which the hind-wings are impure whitish.

Imago (in alcohol). — Body similar in colouring to L. Mei/eri ; the veinlets of
the pterostigmatic space of the fore-wings numerous and curved, apparently simple
as a rule. Distinguishable by the remarkable flexure of tlie basal joint in the
forceps-limbs, and by the shape of the penis (see fig. annexed), the lobes of which
diverge slightly and are obliquely truncate at their tips, with the ventral apical
angle acute. In the absence of living or dried specimens, it seems inexpedient to
enter further into particulars of colouration.

Length of wing, S 7'5, ? 7"5 — 9: sette, t? im- f, subini. 7'5, ? 7'5 — 9 mm.
Hab.: Aal (Strand), 140 ex.

Figs, of details x 62 diarns. in the original drawings: — ], partial lateral profile

of the last abdouiinal segment of (Jim.,
with penis and forceps-limb in situ ; a,
penis detached, viewed under slight
pressure from above (not, as usually
--een, from behind or below) ; the spurs
indicated (all but their points) by
dotted lines showing througji the sub-
transjiarent substance of the lobes.
Baetis vernus, Curtis — Hatfjelddalen,

289 ex.
Baetis rhodaiii, Pict. — Laerdalsoren,
3 ex. ; Aal, 2 ex.

Specimens of undetermined species of Baetis in the collection : — Gjolsjaen, 2
? im. ; Aal, 1 ? subim. ; Hammerd, 1 J subini., 1 9 im. and 1 subim., also 3 ^
subini., 1 9 im- and 1 subim. ; Tysfjorden, 2 ^ subim., 1 9 im., 4 subim., also 1
9 subini.

Chirotonetes sp. . — Hatfjelddalen, 1 $ subim.

Ameletus inopinatus, Etn.— Hatfjelddalen, 2 <? subim., 1 9 im.
Siphlurus lacustris, Etn. (?). — 1 ^ im.

Siphlurus Linnceanus, Etn. --Aal, — 13 ex. ; ? Hatfjelddalen, 1 9 subim. This spe-
cies had previously no known locality.

Siphlurus sp. . — Hatfjelddalen, 1 ^ im. (immature, the subimaginal " slough

having been denuded by friction in transit), 3 subini., 1 ? im., 1 subim. An
undescribed species.

METRETOPUS,* gen. nov.

Distinguished from Ametropus (Etn. MS. ; Albarda, 1878) by the median
caudal seta being atrophied to a pauci-articulate rudiment, and by the tibia; being
less short in comparison with the tarsi. Fore tarsus of ^ about thrice the length

*Etiimology — Metretos and fons, measurable foot (with regard to Ametropus).

254

[ October,

of file tibia (as 11 to 4) and twice tlie leiigtli of tlie femur (as 11 to 5) ; the tarsal
joints ill diniinisliing order rank ], 2, 3, 4 subeqiial to eaeh other, 5, tiie 5tli joint
being about two-thirds the length of the 1st joint. Fore leg of ? subcqual in
length to the body ; tarsus Ig the length of the tibia, which is hardly shorter than
the femur ; the tarsal joints in order of diminution of length rank 1, 2 equal to 5,
3, 4. Ungues in every tarsus each unlike the other, narrow. In the anal-asillar
interspace of the fore-wing the intercalate nervure next to the anal nervure is the
longer. Costal angle of hind- wing acute ; neuration of the axillar region, in the
specimen figured, partly indistinct through maceration in fluid. Forceps — basis of
(? roundly excised between the insertions of tlie limbs ; the basal joint proportionally
shorter than in Amelropus, and immovablj' anchyloscd to the 2nd, which is the
longest joint. Ventral lobe of the 9th 9 segment very short, transverse and obtuse.
Outer caudal seise of J imago about 1-J the length of the body ; in '^ imago as
long as the body ; in the subimago of either sex not quite so long as tlie body.
Type, M. norvegicus, sp. nov.

Meteetopus norvegicus, .vp. nov. (fig. 2).

Iinaqo (in alcohol).— <? . Body somewhat discoloured; thorax pitch-black
above. Abdomen in segment 1 and segments 7 — 10 bistre-brown ; the intervening

segments translucent, liaving the apical margin dorsally bordered narrowly with
umber-brown, with a median longitudinal line and an oblique linear lanceolate
streak on each side produced forwards from it of the same colour, so as to constitute
a tridentate marking, enclosing on each side of the dorsum a largo almost right-
angled triangular translucent space, rounded at the posterior angle, the shortest
side of which is at the base of the segment. From the right-angle of this triangle
a fine tapering blackish streak proceeds towards the middle of its hypotenuse. Seta?
uniformly dark grey.

The 9 has some degree of resemblance in its general colouring to Ileptagenia
sulphnrea, but exhibits markings on the abdomen similar in style to the translucent
spaces above described of the ni;ile.

1901.] 255

Length of body, 10 ; wing, J 9, ? 10 ; sctee, S i™- 12—13, subiin. T'S, ? ira..
10, siibini. 8 mm.

Hub. : Aal, 85 ex.

Figs, of details, all enlarged :— 2, wings of <? ; legs (1, fore leg ; 2, middle leg ;
3, hind leg) with detached portions on a more enlarged scale ; a, S genitalia (parte
omitted) from beneath, with penis (on a rather larger scale) detaclied.

Rhithrogena sp. (undetermined) — Aal, 1 ? im.

Heptagenia siilphurea, Miill. — Gjulsjilen, '1 ex. ; Aal, 2 ex.
Ecdyurus sp. (undetermined) — Aal, 1 ? subim.

Tiie absence of Ephemerella and CoitroptUum from this collection is noteworthy ;
species of both occur in Norway.

Woodlands, Seaton, Devon :
1901.

MELANDRYA BARB ATA, Fabr., IN THE NEW FOREST.
EY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Mr. Vj. C. Bechvell lias recently sent me for examination a speci-
men of this insect, captured by himself at Brockenhurst in June
last, on an oak trunk, in the evening, when almost dark. This is the
31. canaliculata, Fabr., of our older British Catalogues, having been
introduced by Curtis somewhat doubtfully under that name, on the
authority of an example captured on the wing by Mr. Bentley at
Brockenhurst in June, 1823. The species is so rarely found in the
New Forest that few British entomologists have had an opportunity
of seeing it. Three other specimens found during recent years have,
however, at various times come under my notice, all found by Mr.
Gulliver, and these are now contained in the collections of Messrs.
P. B. Mason or F. Bates; and I possess a very old example of. it,
supposed to be of British origin. The differences between the two
species, M. harhata, Fabr. {^flavicornis, Dufts., and nifipes, Gucr.),
and M. duhia, Schall. {^= canaliculata, Fabr.), are clearly and con-
cisely given by Dr. Seidlitz (Naturg. Ins. Deutschl, Col., v. 2, pp.
628, 630), as follows:—

M. BARBATA.

Nigra, antennis pedibusque plcrumrpie Jiavis, protliorace antror-
sum rotundato-angustato, leviter canaliculato, hasi utrinqxie impresso,
clytris postice hand dilatatis,antice linud depressis,fortUer canaliculatis,
interstitiis 5, latis, coiiveocis, cequalihus. Long.., 9 — 10 imn.

M. DUBIA (canaliculata).

Nigra, prothorace laterihiis suhrectis, canaliculato, hasi utrinque

256 [October,

fortius ohlique iiiqjresso, elijiris posfice dilafatis, antice depressis, jiostice
canal icuhdis, iniersfifiis 10, alternis elcvatis. Lonrj., 10 — 15 mm.

From these characters it will bo seen that M. harhata is a much
smaller insect than M. duhia, and has parallel-sided elytra, with the
deej) sulci separated by broad convex interspaces. The legs and an-
tennae vary in colour, and are sometimes entirely rufo-testaceous, as
in Mr. Bed well's specimen. M. duhia {canaliculata), which must be
erased from the British list, has the elytra widened posteriorly (as in
M. caraboides), with the interspaces narrow, and the alternate ones
only raised.

Both species are widely distributed on the continent, but 31.
duhia extends much further north than M. harhata. Curtis gives an
excellent figure of the latter, under the name M. canaliculata, at the
same time noting that it differs from Panzer's drawing (which is very
bad) of that insect ; and good figures of the species are also to be
found in the w^orks of 8tiirm, Gucrin-Meneville (ilf. rufipes), and
Jacquelin-Duval {M.Jlavicornis). M. duhia {canaliculata) is very like
M. carahoides, Linn. (= serrafa, Fabr.), and of the same size; but it
is black, the thorax is less rounded at the sides and canaliculate down
the middle, and the elytra have the narrow alternate interspaces
raised. The North-American If. striata, Say, is a nearly allied form.

Mr. Bedwell's specimen is somewhat broken, and he thinks that
the insect had been attacked by Calosoma inquisitor, two exami)le8 of
which he found quite close to it on the same tree.

Horsell, Woking :

August Slst, 1901.

Attelahus ctirciilionoides, Linn., attacking chestnut and hornbeam. — This insect
appears to have been vei'y abundant this year, and has been found rolling up the leaves
of the sweet chestnut at Guestling, Battle, and Haslemere ; in the latter case a large
number of leaves were thus rolled. It has also been noticed utilizing the leaves of
the hornbeam, two rolls having been found bj' Mr. E. Connold, of St. Leonard's, in
the Battle Woods. — E. N. Bloomfield, Guestling : September, 1901.

[I cannot find any record of Attelahus attacking hornbeam ; Bedel, however
(Faune Col. Bassin Seine, Rhyncli., p. 222), states, on the authority of Nordlinger,
that it is found upon the chestnut. — G.'C. C.].

J'anessa Antiopa in Middlesex. — Mr. Frank Bodmore informs me that on
Sunday, the 25th inst.,a large specimen of this species was seen by him at Stanniore
where he was playing golf. His brother, who is an active collector of Lepido2)tera,
also saw it, so there is little doubt as to the identity of the species. — H. Goss,
The Avenue, Surbiton Hill : August 28th, 1901.

ipoi.] 257

Vanessa Antiopa at Eltham. — I this morning captured in my garden a very
fair specimen of Vanessa Antiopa flying round a plum tree. — A. H. Jones, Shrub-
lands, Eltham, Kent : beptemher \st, 1901.

Vanessa Antiopa near Maidstone. — On Sunday last (25th) I saw a splendid
specimen of Vanessa Antiopa here. I was sitting in the verandah with my wife,
niece and brother-in-law, when it flew in and settled for a moment on the trellis at
the back of the verandah, about 6 or 7 feet from us. We all saw the white border
to the wings, and on showing ray wife the picture of the insect in Humphreys
and Westwood's work, she said at once that the border was much whiter than in
the coloured figure. Before a net could be got it was off. — Alfred O. Walkee,
Ulcombe Place, near Maidstone : August '27th, 1901.

Vanessa lo, L., in Ireland. — I captured one at Enniscrone, Co. Sligo, the first
that I have taken in Ireland ; and curiously enough a few days after my return
Mrs. Johnson caught one at O'Meath, Co. Louth. She had no net with her, but
knocked it down with a tennis raquet, and brought it home in triumph. This but-
terfly has made quite an excursion into the north of Ireland, Donegal, Derry and
Antrim have all produced specimens. — W. F. Johnson, Acton Glebe, Poyntzpass,
Co. Armagh : September, \Q0\.

LarvcB of Sphinx convolvuli in Yorkshire.— On August 30th a full grown cater-
pillar of the Convolvulus Hawk Moth {S. convolvuli) was found crawling across a
road close to the Monkton Main Colliery, at Eoystone,near Barnsley. Through the
kindness of several friends it came into my hands on September 1st, when I took
the following description of it :— Colour uniform bright green, no lighter on under
parts. Face green, witli four fine black stripes, the two centre ones forming a
V-shaped mark, with the apex at the mouth. Oblique stripes seven in number,
slightly more yellow than ground colour, but only just visible. Spiracles enclosed
in black blotch, another black mark bordering the top half of the oblique stripe,
and continued past it well on to back, there turning down towards tail and running
nearly to the angle of the next similar mark, this black mark was uniformly about
one-eighth of an inch broad. Horn long, nearly smooth, much curved, and sharply
pointed ; in colour bright orange-red, tipped with black. Legs black. Claspers
green. Length, about 3J inches, and rather stout in pi'oportion.

Thinking it possible that where there was one larva there would be others, I
took the opportunity of running over to Monkton on September 2nd, on the chance
of obtaining another or two ; in this I was not disappointed. After a little trouble
I succeeded in finding the place where the first caterpillar had evidently been ob-
tained ; the bottom of a rail along the side of a field for some 200 yards was thickly
overgrown with the small field convolvulus (C. arvensis), this was so much eaten
that I believe about a dozen of these caterpillars must have fed up there. After a
careful search of about two hours' duration, I obtained four of them, all about full
grown.

A most interesting feature of the " find " was the great variety of colour exlii-
bited. Of the four I found three were brown, one green, the latter differed from
the one first brought to me, and already described, in the following respects : — the
spiracles were narrowly outlined in red, as well as enclosed in dark blotch. The

B B

258 [October,

general ground colour was lighter. The dark marks were merely borders to tho
yellow oblique stripes (which were much more pronounced), and were not prolonged
past them, or carried down the back at all.

The brown variety was of a dirty yellowish-white ground colour, clouded with
deep brown, the markings being thickest on the back and almost absent below tlie
spiracles nearly to the claspers, which were again brown. The spiracles were en-
closed in a darker biotch, and the brown cloudings on the sides were so clustered as
to suggest to the eye the usual oblique stripes of the hawk-moth caterpillars, but
only indistinctly. The horn in this brown variety was all black, as also were the
legs. The face was yellowish-brown, with the same black stripes as the green
variety. The lai-gest of the five caterpillars was about four and a half inches in
length, almost as large as that of A. Atropos.

All these larvae have now " gone down " into the soil to pupate, and I am
anxiously awaiting the emergence of the perfect insects. From what I can hear
this is the first record of the larvte of S. convolvuli having been taken in Yorkshire.
I might say that the caterpillars have been shown to Mr. W. E. Brady, of Barnsley,
a well known entomologist, who expresses his opinion that the larvte certainly are
those of <S. convolvuli ; Mr. Harrison, F.E.S., of Barnsley, is also of the same
opinion. — A. Whitaker, Saville House, Worsbrough Bridge, Barnsley : Sept., 1901.

Sphinx coiivohntii in Surrey. — Last Sunday afternoon my gardener brought me
a fine (J specimen of Sphinx convolvuli which he had taken in the morning (flying
in the sunshine) between Chessington and Bones Gate, about two and a half miles
from here. I have heard of the capture of other specimens in the neighbourhood.
— H. Goss, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill : August 2Hth, 1901.

Flu.na moneta at Eltham. — I found on May 3rd last seven quite small larvse
of Plusia moneta on a plant of Delphinium in my garden. This suggested a visit
to my neighbours' gardens, with the result that I collected quite a number of the
larvte. I bred about fifty of the moth during the last half of June, but no ichneu-
mons. I also found a few larvse at Sidcup, and received others from Thames Ditton
and Bed Hill. — A. H. Jones, Shrublands, Eltham, Kent: September 1st, 1901.

Acherontia Atropos, L., in Dumbartonshire. — I have a bred specimen of this
species brought to me in good condition from this neighbourhood to-day. It is
the only record for the district for a number of years. — J. R. Malloch, Bonhill,
Dumbartonshire: September 9th, 1901.

Catocala nupta in north-ivest London. — During August ten specimens of this
species were taken at sugar placed on the trunks of pear trees in the garden here
after dark, much to the delight of the youthful captors of these unexpected visitors.
They are in fine condition, showing that they have not long been out, nor flown far.
One example was taken on the 12th instant. — J. W. Douglas, Morningside, Craven
Park, Harlesden, N.W. : September lith, 1901.

Sapid development of Smerinthtis ocellatus. — I send you the following facts,
which I think may interest your readers. On June 9th of this year I had a large
brood of Smerinthus oceJIatus larvae hatched. The ova were laid bv a moth with

1901.] 259

undeveloped wings ; she was twice in coitu, and with different males. On July
23rd nine or ten of these larvae were full fed, and went to earth, the rest taking a
few days longer, and on the 2nd of this month one of these appeared as an imago :
thus, in less tlian three months, this insect was perfected. I gave the moth alive to
Dr. Butler, of the Natural History Department, South Kensington, with particulars
of dates. — Akthue E. Steabns, New Mills Cottage, Henley-on-Thames : September
oth, 19ul.

Fumpilus approximatus, Sm., in Horth Wales. — During a short stay at Bar-
mouth at the beginning of August 1 determined to run over to Criccieth in search
oi 1'. approximatus, where Mr. Nevinson informed me he had taken it. The day
(August 3rd) was not an ideal one for i'ompilidre, being dull and windy. However,
in the neighbourhood of the Black Rocks, about two miles down the coast, on very
stony ground covered with plants of Euphorbia, some 2l 0 yards from the sea, we
found the species dodging about the stones. After three hours' hard work my son
and self had captured 28 specimens, 5 males and 23 females. They were extremely
active, and very difficult to take when running in and out the stones, and many were
missed. Two days later, on the Dyffryn Sandhills (an entirely different class of
ground), I captured two more, one of each sex.

Mr. Saunders, in his Synopsis of British Fossorials, quoting from Smith, says :
" Closely resembles F. niger, but is a larger insect ;" but, judging from the 30
specimens before me, the females are about the same size as niger, and the males
decidedly smaller. — Ralph C. Bhadley, Moseley, Birmingham : September, 1901.

Andrena helvola, Linn., ni Scotland. — As there seems to be a doubt as to the
authenticity of the Scotch record of Andrena helvola, Linn., it may probably be of
interest to record the occurrence of this species at Bonhill in May last, where I took
seven specimens (4 J and 3 ?). — J. R. Malloch, 17, Dillichip Terrace, Bonhill,
Dumbartonshire: Augu.it 20tk, 1901.

Sirex gigas, L., in Ireland. — I captured a fine female example of the above
large saw-fly on the 20th inst.,at rest on the trunk of a felled fir tree in Clandeboye
demense, near Bangor, in the County of Down. I was greatly surprised to meet
with this insect, which I believe is of rare occurrence in Ireland. — L. H. Bonapaete
Wtse, Bangor, Co. Down : August 'J,8th, IQul.

Attraction of the flowers of Ampehpsis tricuspidata {Veitchii) for the Hive
Bee. — My house, both back and front, is covered with Ampelopsis " Veitchii," which
at the present moment is in full bloom. The inconspicuous, greenish, grape-like
flowers are a great attraction for the Hive Bee {Apis mellifica), which visits them
in myriads all day long. What the nature of the nectar, or its quality, may be I
know not, but of the partiality of the bees for it there can be no doubt. Sj/rphida
and other JJiptera also visit the creeper ; but 1 am not sure that these habitually
visit the flowers, they seem rather to pose on the smooth shining leaves. — R.
McLachlan, Lewisham, London : August 23rd, 1901.

Anthrax paniscus, Rossi, at Criccieth. — On the Euphorbia plants referred to
in a previous note Anthrax paniscus occuri-ed much to my surprise for several

B B :i

2(30 [October, 1901.

reasons, viz., the weather dull, the locality so stony (I had previously only taken
Anthrax in sandy places), and I had no idea it occurred so far north. Twenty-five
specimens were taken, six males, the rest females, a large number considering the
time we were there, and doubtless had the day been favourable it would have been
common. Two days after I swept a single specimen from rushes at DyfPryn. I do
not know if Anthrax has been previously recorded from Xoi'th Wales. For many
years Anthracidce seemed to be declining in England, but the last two seasons they
have certainly made headway again, as they have been recorded in some numbers
from Devon, Cornwall, Bournemouth, New Forest, and the East Coast. Mr. C. J.
Wainwright, Mr. F. C. Adams and myself have probably taken lOQ specimens. —
Ealph C. Bradley, Moseley, Birmingham : September, 1901.

Insects found around Jerusalem {Supplementary). — The following Hemlptera
occur at Jerusalem : — Reduvius pallipes, June — flies to the evening lamp ; on
seizure stridulates and pricks with its rostrum. Pentatoma virens, June and July
— possibly a variety has the head, thorax and elytra margined in front with lemon-
yellow. Lygcetis militaris — frequents the vine leaves ; it extends to Southern Europe,
Egypt and India. Pyrrhocoris apterus, July and August — for a hundred yards
in 1896 a pathway leading down to the Gorge of the Kedron was reddened as with
blood by these bugs ; they clustered together and hung on the thistles, evidently
coupling. Cimex lectnlarlns, no doubt. Cydmts nigritus and Sciocoris umbrinus,
June.

In regard to Lepidoptera, Idmais Fausfa, like oar clouded yellow in England,
seems to have been plentiful at Jerusalem in 1900. Collantia (Ertzeni, Led., a
congener of jowrfjca, appears at Beirut and Jerusalem in October; and like that
moth, the male has a bladder on the thorax, in regard to which Dr. Chapman re-
marks, " It is curious these should be well developed in an Arctian and Lithosian
genus ; one must suppose they exist potentially throughout the Arctiadae." In
appearance it resembles Arctia Caja and fasciata,\)\xt Mr. Kirby, who has compared
Lederer's figure of the larva with Hofman's figures, says it is like that of Calli-
morpha domimda. Since Dr. Chapman notices the bladder present in both sexes of
Setina irrorella and aurita, this may indicate an ancestral form, with scions
fasciata, Caja, pudica, (Ertzeni, and domi.nula. Diloba coeruleocephala appears at
Jerusalem in November ; I remember seeing it at Cowes in the Isle of Wight
during September. Amphipi/ra Styx and Pseudophia tirrhaa occur at Jerusalem.

As regards Diptera four gnats disturb the siesta at Jerusalem, where they
breed in the cisterns — the English Culex pipiens apparently, a Culex spotted
alike but black, one wholly pale brown, and the minute sand fly that descends
like a fleck of snow.

I may add that the Rev. O. P. Cambridge has kindly identified a few Jerusalem
spiders : — a domestic Pholcus, only too like phalangioides, so very handy on the
ceiling in Dorset and Devon ; the white Argiope sericea, with an indented abdomen,
that sits on a geometrical web spun in Genista ; the English Thomisus onustus, grey
in colour, that hides on the grey Salvias ; and the fawn-coloured Sparassus angelo-
sius, frequenting houses, and probably introduced with firewood.

A woodlouse-like creature, Hemilepistus, that carries bits of leaf in its mouth
to holes in the chalk, is common on Olivet. — A. H. Swinton, Vineyard, Totnes,
Devonshire : July, 1901.

November, 1001]. 261

JULY IN THE CEVENNES (LEPIDOPTERA).
BY A. HUGH JONES, P.E.S.

In June, 1899 (vide Ent. Mo. Mag. [2], vol. x, p. 1S6), I spent a
short time in the Cevennes. This year I paid a second visit, accom-
panied by my friend Mr. H. Eowland-Brown. Arrivine; at Sainte
Cecile d'Andorge on July 16th, on the following day we drove a
distance of about 20 miles through very picturesque mountainous
country, though not very suggestive of good collecting ground, to
Florae. Here we remained several days, visiting the Causse Mejean,
an elevated tableland of some 30 or 40 square miles, but our chief
hunting ground was near the chestnut groves on the low^er slopes of
the mountain I'Empezou where we found some patches of saintfoin
and lavender-covered hillsides. By way of Sainte Enimie we then
started down the Gorges du Tarn to Le Rozier, a distance of about
26 miles, breaking the journey at Chateau de la Caze (now turned
into a hotel) ; not far from the Chateau, on an uncultivated piece of
ground about half an acre in extent, we found an abundance of
butterfly life, and out of the 64 species observed in the Cevennes 46
occurred_ at this one locality. Some of the species were in the
greatest abundance, for instance, P. Podalirius, C. Edusa and Hyale ;
S. Briseis and P. Dorilis, P. Daplidice, A. Latonia, and L. Dolus
were also represented, and a Sphinx convolvuU just emerged turned
up in an unexpected manner. At this point of the stream, a some-
what narrow defile, the inundations of last year had left a sad
impression. Many of the big trees which skirted the river had been
torn up by their roots and lay in endless confusion, and others were
bent almost to the ground : nor can one be surprised at this when one
hears that in a few hours the river rose 30 feet !

On July 25th we started on our further journey down the river
and its rapids with much anxiety as to the fate of our specimens on
the setting boards, but thanks to the good steering of our boatmen
we arrived at Le Eozier without a single pin becoming loosened.
The road through the valley to the stalactite caves of Dargilan and
Meyrueis seemed very promising for collecting, but the weather was
unsettled. From Millau, the furthest point south reached by us we
took the train to Mende, north of the Cevennes, which place we
reached on July 27th. Bad weather now set in, and during our stay
at Mende we had but one fine day, July 29th, amply repaying us,
however, for our sojourn there. Among the lavender-covered hills
between Mende and the next station on the I'ailway (Balsieges) we

C c

262 [November,

found good collecting ground. l^utterflics were in the greatest
abundance, more in numbers than in species; L. Dolus, however,
occurred for the only time plentifully, in a dried up water-course
among lavender. The contour of the hills near Mende, perhaps more
so than other parts of the Cevennes, reminded one somewhat of
Scotland, but how different in colour ! Instead of the purple heather
they were covered largely with a luxuriant growth of lavender in full
bloom, the effect of which was very striking.

A drive of 60 miles by diligence on July 31st in the soaking wet
brought us to Le Puy. The country round Le Puy appeared for
many miles under a high state of cultivation. Southward we could
see against the horizon the mountains of Mezenc, but the distance
was too great and the chance of success too doubtful to induce us to
undertake an expedition.

Prom an entomological point of view the Cevennes compare un-
favourably with Digne in the Basses Alpes, almost in the same
latitude, the number of species being certainly more limited, but it is
an excursion full of interest. The little villages and old ruined
castles, perched high up on the mountain sides, the Grorges du Tarn
with its rapids, and the Grotte de Dargilan present interesting sub-
jects, probably more so than many other parts of France, and although
the hotels in the oni lying districts are primitive, they are nearly always
clean. I may mention that the elevations of the various places
visited are as under : —

Florae 1950 feet above sea level.

Causse Mejean (about) 3000

Ste. Enimie 1560

Chateau de la Caze (about) 1 J60

Le Rozier 1267

Mende 2402

Balsiegcs 2259

Species observed : —

Papilio Podalirms, rather a cominon butterfly at Florae ; abundant at Chateau
de la Caze. P. Machaon, scarce, a few seen at Florae, and one at Mende.

Parnassins Apollo, fairly common and generally distributed throughout the
Cevennes ; a smaller form than the one occurring at Digne.

Aporia cratcegi, fairly common at Florae, also on the Causse Mejean, but worn.

Pieris brassicte and napi, fairly common. P. Daplidice, not unconimon
throughout.

Leucophnsia sinapi.t, fairly distributed but not very common.

Colias IT_//nIe and Ednsa, common, the former especially abundant in places.

Oonopieri/x rhaivni and Cleopatra, one of each, Florae.

1001.] 263

Thecla ilicis, var. cerri, and T. acaeice, vei'y common but worn, Florae.

Polyommatus Alciphron, var. Gordiiis, common, Florae. /'. DorUis, very
abundant, Chateau de la Caze. P. Phltvas, scarce.

Lyecena Argus, Astrarche, Icarus, Escheri, hellaryus, Hi/las, all fairly com-
mon and generally distributed. L. Cori/don was very common at Mende, $ , usual
type. L. meleager, this beautiful " blue," of which I took 2 $ and 2 ? , was just
commencing to emerge at Florae. L. Dolus — this " blue " has a limited area of
distribution, occurring in France in the departments of Var and Lozere, also in
Piedmont. We found it somewhat sparingly at Florae, on the Causse Mejean a
few, indeed we met with it at all points visited, but it was only abundant at Bal-
sieges near Mende at the foot of tlie Causse Sauveterre, in a dried up water-course
among a luxuriant growth of lavender. The $ of this interesting blue appears
very " white " on the wing ; not knowing the species the fii'st specimen I captured
I took for an albino specimen of L. Damon ! The ? is very close to the ? of L.
Damon ; in Dolus, however, faint traces are seen of marginal " peacock eyes " on
the hind-wing, and the arrangement of the spots on the under-side of the fore-wing
is also different in this species, forming the letter " S." L. Damon, on the Causse
Mejean, flying in company with L. Dolua. L. argiohis. Florae. L. minimus, Florae.

Limenitis Camilla, occasionally, Florae, Mende.

Vanessa c-alhum, polychloros, Antiopa, occasionally seen. V. cardui, very
common at Florae.

Melitcea Didyma, a very abundant butterfly at Florae and elsewhere. M.
Phabe and Athalia, Florae.

Argynnis Paphia, Aglaia, Adippe, Niohe, Daphne, and Latonia, occasionally
at Florae.

Melanargia Galathea, a very abundant butterfly ; at. leucomelas, by no means
scarce, as common nearly as the type. M. Japygia, var. Cleanthe — in 1899, when
I visited the Causse Mejean, this species was not out by June 27th ; I expected
therefore to find it well on the wing this year on July 18th, but I only met with
two females, so the species was practically over, in consequence no doubt of the
continued hot weather. Cleanthe flies much faster than Oalathea, which also
occurred on the Causse, and more resembles Syllius in flight. The French form of
this species it would appear is smaller than the Spanish one. Specimens in my
cabinet labelled " Castile," are much larger in size than the two I captured.

Erebia Stygne, worn, the only Erehla seen. Florae.

Satyrus Circe, common. Florae — this magnificent Satyrid in perfect condition
was quite common flying among and resting on the chestnut trees on the lower
slopes of I'Empezou at Florae. /S. Briseis, in very fine condition on open stony
places. S. Alcyone, Florae, Chateau de la Caze, common. <S'. <Se>He/e, a fine large
form, Florae, very common. S. statilinus, apparently just coming out, two $,
Chateau de !a Caze. S. actcea, and S. Dryas, fairly common throughout.

Pararge Megcera, several, Florae.

Epinephile Janira and Tithonus, common and generally distributed.

Caenoriympha Pamphilus, arcania, and Dorus, common, the latter specially so
at Florae.

Syrichthus alveus, fairly common. S. Sao, Florae.

Hesperia Thaumas, worn. //. comma. H. Actceon, Belsieges.

C C 2

264i [November,

I had little opportunity of collecting the moths, but I noticed
the following : —

Sphinx convolviiH, at Chateau de la Gaze, at rest, and at Le Rozier.

Saturnia pyri, at Lc Rozier.

Callimorpha Hera, occasionally.

Acidalia rusticata, Mende.

Mamestra chrysozona fdt/sodea) not uncommon on Lactiica virosa, Mende, &c.

Leucania lithargyria, two at rest on flowers, Mende.

Ortholitha moeniaia, Mende.

Shrublands, Eltliam, Kent :

Septemler 23rd, 1901.

NOTES ON HAWAIIAN ACULEATE HT3IEN0PTERA.
EY R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

In my descriptions of the Aculeate Hymenopfera in vol. i, pt. 1,
of the " Fauna Hawaiiensis " there are several errors of identifica-
tion, &c., which it seems advisable to correct at once, as it may be a
considerable time before these corrections can be made in that work.
A good many of these errors are due to the very incomplete collection
of Oabuan species that had then been made, but now that this defi-
ciency has been made good by my recent collections, the species
frequenting Oahu are as well known as those from the other islands.

Pison iridipennh, Sm. — I stated in op. ci^., p. 14, that this species was unknown
to me. In this I was in error, as it is very common ; I had confused it with I',
hospes, Sm., from which it is very distinct. Smith's description of the wings as
" beautifully iridescent " misled me, as there is little difference between the two
species in this respect, in most of the examples. Asa matter of fact, P. hospes
belongs to the genus Pisonitus, Shuck., if that be valid, hut the Hawaiian species
varies extremely in neuration, frequently having only two cubital cells either on one
or both sides, and is otherwise unstable, and I see no characters to separate it from
Pison, except the neuration.

Crahro distinctiis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., iv, p. 422. — I omitted all reference to
this species, the type of which should be in the British Museum, but which, like
other of the Beeeby expedition specimens, is apparently lost. I now find it to be a
highly coloured form of the 9 of my C. notostictiis, which becomes a synonym.
The commoner form of C. distinctiis is very unlike that of the Beechy specimen,
having much less conspicuous yellow markings, sometimes none at all on the
abdomen, and is often much larger, but I have taken intermedial e forms, and there
is no doubt as to the identity.

Polistes hebreevs, Fab. — There are two common species included under this
name, which I considered to represent a dark and light form of one sjiecies. They
are abundant.ly distinct by the J characters ; the sixth ventral segment in each is

1901.] 265

ratluM ilifferLMitly formed, and tlio llatteued spiiu's with which it is armed are in the
dark form short, about as long as the widtli of the flat surface ; in the hght form
elongate, twice as long as wide and dilated apically.

Xylocopa (Biieipennin, de Geer, should be X. chloroptera, a correction already
made by Herr Alfken.

In remarks on the EumenidcB, op. cit., p. 31, I stated that the measurements
were taken fi'om the head to the apex of the first abdominal segment. This is, of
course, a mistake, it being usual to measure these insects to the apex of the second
segment, as is indicated at the end of the diagnosis of the first species described.
The appended table of the Oahuan species of Odynerus enables me to correct
several mistakes in this genus, and to indicate two new genera and several new
species, which I hope to fully characterize in a subsequent part of the " Fauna
Hawaiiensis," together with other genera and species. Three species collected by
the Beechy expedition are herewith included, viz., two described by me for the first
time, op. cit., p. 74 (O. oblitus and O. relictus), and one described by de Saussure
from the same source (O. nautarum), the type of which is lost. With regard to the
other species brought back by this expedition, O. obscure-punctatus, Blackb., and O.
iiifaustiis, Perk., were pi'obably obtained on Hawaii, and O. sandwichensis, de Sauss.,
on Maui and Lanai, the latter probably identical with O. rubrit incftts, Sm. ; de
Saussure's type in the British Museum not being forthcoming. Lay, the collector
for the Beechy expedition, was left on Oahu in ill-health and picked up on the
return journey, and this gave him ample time to visit the other islands, but whether
he did so I have no information. At any rate, I now feel sure that the above-named
species were not obtained on Oahu, but were collected elsewhere by Lay himself or
by others for him.

Of the species included in the following table I may add that, excluding the
widely-spread O. nigripennis and O.frater, and possibly O. erro, all are peculiar to
Oahu, and it is improbable that any of them will be found on other of the islands.

SYNOPSIS OF OAHUAN SPECIES OF ODYNERUS.

1 (10) Thorax or abdomen or both with red markings.

la {lb) Basal abdominal segment entirely red above, or at most a little infuscate,
2nd segment also largely or entirely red, as also the tegulse...

O.frater, D. T.
lb {\a) Basal abdominal segment black with red apical margin.

2 (7) Second ventral segment of abdomen greatly and abruptly raised behind

the transverse sulcature.
Pi'othorax with red markings.
Second venti'al segment extremely strongly raised from sulcature, meso-

thorax duller and more closely and regularly punctured...

O. pseudochromus, Perk.
Second ventral segment less strongly raised, mesothorax more shining

and irregularly punctate O. leiodemas. Perk.

Prothorax and mesopleura without red spots {S unknown)...

O. 2jaludicoIa, sp. nov.
Second ventral segment not strongly and abruptly raised behind the

sulcature.

3

(6)

4

(5)

5

(4)

6

(3)

7

(2)

9

(8)

10

(1)

11

(24)

]2

(13)

2b6 [November,

8 (9) Propoduuiu rugose ur densely rugosely puuclate.

8a (Hb) Face with a red line entering the sinus of the eye, mesothorax with red

lilies O. homoeophaiies, sp. nov.

86 (8a) Face without sucli a line, mesotliorax entirely black...

0. eucharis, sp. nov.
Propodeum nearly smooth, with only feeble punctures...

O. oahuensis, D. T.
No red markings on thorax or abdomen, rarely some of the abdominal

segments have an indistinct testaceous margin.
One or more entire yellow or white bands on the abdomen (tiiorax often

with yellow markings).
Mandibles in both sexes entirely or almost entirely red {S with the
clypeus extremely deeply emarginate at apex, that of the ? distinctly
but much less deeply) O. xeroiihilus, sp. nov.

13 (12) Mandibles at most red or piceous on their apical half, generally for the

most part black. Clypeus of S never extremely deeply emai'ginate.

14 (15) Second ventral segment behind the costse witli a distinct, though not

deep depression, which is widely triangular. ( <? with the clypeus
rather deeply emarginate, and the scape of the antennae entirely yel-
low in front ; '^ with a yellow spot on each side of the propodeum

near the insertion of the abdomen) 0. nautarum, Sauss.

( $ = O. nesotrephes, P.)

15 (14) Second ventral segment behind the costte often flattened but without a

distinct wide triangular depression, if a depression is present it is
very narrow, sublinear or linear. ( $ clypeus never deeply emarginate,
often with an apical impression giving an appearance of a stronger
emargination than is reaily present ; scape of antennte very rarely
entirely yellow in front, often all black ; $ without yellow spots
laterally on the propodeum near the insertion of abdomen).

16 (17) Second ventral segment abruptly though not greatly raised from the

apices of the costse, depression feeble and linear for the most part ;
wings fuscous, shining, but without blue iridescence...

O. ivaianaeanus, Perk.

var. =^ fiosculus, Perk.

17 (16) Second ventral segment flattened or faintly convex behind costse, never

abruptly raised from their apices, wings often with a distinct blue
iridescence.

18 (19) Costse of second ventral segment very short, shorter than the tumid

basal part of the segment anterior to them ... O. accslogaster, Perk.

19 (18) Costse not very short, the middle ones generally long and not shorter

than the basal divisiot* of the segment.

20 (23) Wings with more or less distinct blue iridescence, clypeus of $ Jiearly

always and the thorax often marked with yellow.

21 (22) Maxillary palpi of $ very long and beautifully fringed with long hairs ;

$ , front of head rather remotely punctured, maxillary palpi more

developed Pseudopteroeheilus (gen. nov.).

relictus, Perk.
(Type species, Udynerus pterocheiloides, Perk.).

1901.] 267

22 (21) Maxillary palpi of ? normal, head of $ closely punctured in front, its

maxillary palpi less developed 0. Uthophilus, sp. nov.

23 (20) Wings for most part fuscous, shining, but without distinct blue irides-

cence,* c? clypeus and thorax entirely black (? unknown)...

0. aci/anus, sp. nov.

24 (11) Abdomen black above, not yellow-banded, rarely with the apices of some

segments narrowly and inconspicuously testaceous. Thorax never
marked with yellow.

25 (26) Dorsal and posterior faces of post-scutellum sharply defined by a serru-

late ridge, easily seen from in front.
25a (256) Costae of second ventral segment more or less obsolete...

O. nigripennis, Holmg.
256 (25a) Costae long and well-developed 0. eplpseustes, sp. nov.

26 (25) Postscutellum without serrulated ridge.

27 (38) Wings dark, with conspicuous blue or jjurple iridescence.

28 (31) Intermediate tibiae without a true calcar, only with short spines at the

apex. (Propodeum smooth, basal abdominal segment evenly curved
backwards from near the petiole) Nesodynerus, gen. nov.

29 (30) Second ventral segment simply flat beneath behind the costae...

N. rudolpki, D. T.

30 (29) Second ventral segment with a shallow but evident triangular depression

behind the costs N. optaiilis, sp. nov.

31 (28) Intermediate tibiae with a calcar (propodeum often rough, basal abdo-

minal segment very strongly curved in lateral view, so as to be vertical
or subvertical in front).

32 (37) Propodeum rugose or rugosely punctate, second ventral segment with the

whole series of costse well developed, the depression wide and shallow.

33 (36) Second dorsal segment of abdomen with shallow but distinct punctura-

tion.
33« (336) Mesothoras densely subrugosely punctured, the punctures of different

sizes, but both kinds conspicuous 0. erro, Perk.

336 (33«) Mcsothorax not densely subrugosely punctured, the smaller punctures

excessively minute when present.

34 (35) Mesothorax not very dull, scutellum very distinctly, generally rather

deeply, though remotely punctured O. montanus, Sm.

35 (34) Mesothorax very dull, scutellum with sparse and very feeble punctures...

O. illudens, sp. nov.

36 (33) Second dorsal segment hardly visibly punctured O. iopteryx, Perk.

37 (32) Propodeum smooth, second ventral segment rather strongly and abruptly

raised at the sides from the apices of the costae, which are subobsolete,
or entirely effaced about the middle of the series... O. unions, Perk.

38 (27) Wings shining fuscous, without conspicuous blue or purple iridescence.

39 (39a) Intermediate tibiae without a calcar, second ventral segment without a

depression, its basal portion very large and tumid, mucli longer than
the costse Nesodynerus ohlitus, Perk, (an gen. nov. ?) .

* In all cases the colour of the wings is described from examplea in which these parts are
unfolded.

268 [November,

39a (39) Intei'iiiediato tibiti.' with a calcar, basal jjortion of second ventral segment
normal.

40 (41) Second dorsal segment in dorsal aspect raised in a conical-tuberculate

form at about one quarter of its length from the base...

O. pterophaennes, Perk.

41 (40) Second dorsal segment only convex above in dorsal aspect, not of conical-

tuberculate form. Species with surface duller than in 40.

42 (43) Depression of second ventral segment wider and shallower, ? with the

scutellum much more feebly punctured than the mesothorax...

O. dubiosus, Sm.

43 (42) Depression of second ventral segment narrower and deeper, $ with the

scutellum differing little from the mesothorax in its punctures...

O. threnodes, Perk.

This table will enable any one to distinguish with ease any of the
27 species, excepting perhaps O. pseudochromus from O. leiodemas
and 0. threnodes from O. duhiosus, where the distinctive characters
are of degi'ee only. AVith specimens of each for comparison their
separation is perfectly easy. O. lithopliilus is a singularly variable
species in puncturation and otherwise, and may possibly become a
synonym of the unique O. acoelogaster, described by me. The type
of O. natctarjim, de Sauss., appears to be lost, but 1 have no doubt a
series of specimens I have taken on Oabu belong to that species,
although 8aussure's description is not quite accurate.

Honolulu : Jtdt/ 2nd, 19Ul.

CUEIOUS EXPERIENCE WITH LA8I0CAMPA QUERCUS: SEQUEL.
BY EDWARD ANDREWS.

In the May issue of this Magazine {ante pp. 124 — 126) I gave an account of a
brood of L. quercus which I succeeded in rearing through the winter ; the first larva
spinning up on December 15th, and the first imago emerging about February 23rd.
A couple out of this brood paired in the middle of March, and from them I have since
reared another brood. The seasons, which are usually followed by this species, have
thus been lost ; the food has also been somewhat changed, and the period of their
lives considerably shortened. I have, in fact, as nearly as possible produced two
broods within the time allotted by our English climate for only one.

The eggs of this second brood, after lying dormant for six weeks, iiatched at
the end of April. I fed the larva? during their first stage on oak, and during their
succeeding stages on willow ; they developed rapidly, the first one spinning up about
July 15th, and the first imago emerging about August 24tli. By comparing the
span of their existence with that of the winter brood, and also by comparing it with

1901.] 269

that of an oixMnary quercus in the South of England, it will be seen how considera-
bly their lives have been shortened.

The first larva of the winter brood hatched on August 17th, and the first
cocoon was formed on December 15th, showing a larval period of 116 days. The
first larva of the summer brood hatched on April 29th, and the first cocoon was
formed about July 15th, allowing a larval period of 77 days. The average life of a
\ai'va o? quercus in the south of England is, roughly, about 290 days. It may
therefore be owing to this rapid growth that a large number of the summer brood
have failed.

As far as I am aware no signs of sickness manifested themselves until my larvae
were full fed; then more than a dozen and a half died. After devouring with the
usual voracity the fresh willow with which I kept them constantly supplied, they
became limp, fell to the bottom of their cage, and rapidly decomposed into a pulpy
mass as black and dense as pitch. A certain weakness appears to have spread
throughout the entire brood, for many of the cocoons are so frail and brittle that
they may be smashed with the greatest ease between the fingers ; and some of the
pupae are so soft that they have become partly flattened merely by the pressure
resulting from their own weight against the sides of their cocoons. The earlier
cocoons were the strongest, and the later ones were the weakest.

The larvse appeared to suffer from a too loose or watery condition of the body ;
it is thus possible to lay the blame on the young willow with which I chiefly fur-
nished them, for willow is certainly a soft and juicy foliage compared with what
they devour in the natural state. But Mr. Barrett has suggested that some inherent
weakness may have existed in the original female which I took in the New Forest
early in August, 1900. There is evidently a constitutional peculiarity to account
for somewhere, setting apart warm conditions and clean fresh food. I will cite one
curious instance. The first imago of the winter brood emerged about February 23rd,
showing a pupal existence of 70 days ; yet I have still in my possession one pupa of
this winter brood, which, in spite of being kept in exactly the same temperature
and place as all the others, still evinces no sign of emerging; it is alive, and in all
probability will pass through the winter. Here we seem to have an example of
constitutional peculiarity as marked as can be desii'ed.

All the imagos which have at present resulted from the summer brood are
lax'ge, and only slightly variable in tint. I have paired a couple, and now am
awaiting the arrival of another generation of larvse, which will be forced to face
the winter. With regard to the winter brood it may be of interest to state, that
the imagos bore the characteristics of the variety calluna, which appears to be
taking the place of quercus in the southern parts of England. On exhibiting a spe-
cimen of the summer brood to an authority upon this point, however, I was told
that it was a true quercus. The fact therefore stands, that I have reared both
quercus and callunce from one female imago — calluna resulting from the slow and
cold period of winter, and quercus resulting from the swift and warm period of
summer.

192, Devonshire Eoad, Forest Hill, S.E. :
October \st, 1901.

270 [November,

RE-DISCbVERY OF AGRYFNETES CliASSICOIiNIS, McLacii.
BY ROBERT McLACIILAN, F.R.S., &c.

To me the re-discovery of a lost or little-known species is often
of more interest than the acquisition of a new form. The following
is a case in point : —

In JVovembei', 1876, I described in my " Monographic Revision
of Trichoptera of the European Fauna," Suppl. Pt. i, p. ii, pi. xxiv, a
very singular Phrygaueid, apparently allied to Agrypnia, Ct., under
the name Agrypnetes crassicornis ; only one specimen, a ^ , was known.
It was captured near Helsingfors in Finland (July 3rd) by Prof. J.
A. Palmen, and is now in the Helsingfors Museum. It may be noted
that the insect is of considerable size, and not likely to be over-
looked on the score of being inconspicuous.

Time went on, and nothing further was heard of the species,
notwithstanding that considerable attention was being paid to these
insects. And in my "First Additional tSupplemeut," 1884, I went so
far as to suggest (p. 2, foot-note) that the type might be " an un-
natural hybrid."

Under these circumstances my surprise and delight may be
imagined when this morning (a quarter of a century after my original
publication of the species) I received a specimen of Agrypnetes
crassicornis from my old and esteemed correspondent Prof. John
Sahlberg, together with a letter' that throws a flood of light on the
subject, and confirms the validity of genus and species. It seems
that three examples are known, all males. The type 1 have already
alluded to. A second was found by Miss Elen Elmgreu, on July
29th, 1891 (?) on liamso Island ; this example I think has not been
previously recorded. And last summer Prof. Sahlberg captured a
third example (which he has most generously presented to me) at
Haugo on July 9th, on a loamy sea-shore overgrown with Weocharis
and grasses. All the localities are on the shore of Southern Finland.
It now remains to know what the $ is like, and what are the habits
of the larvae.

Lewishani, London :

October 5tk, 1901.

COLEOPTERA IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF IRELAND.
BY G. C. CnAMPION, F.Z.S.

During a recent visit to Ireland my friend Colonel Yerbury was
kind enough to collect a large number of beetles for me, on the

1901.]

271

chance of there being something of interest amongst them. Most of
these insects prove to be common species, still there are a few that
are worthy of note, as Donacia ohscura, Elaiyhrus uUginosus (not
previously recorded from Ireland), &c. Mr. J. N. Halbert, who is
now preparing a complete list of the Coleoptera of Ireland for publi-
cation, has also examined Col. Yerbury's captures, and as he intends
including a complete list of these insects in his Catalogue, it will
suffice here to note a few of them. Otiorrhjnchus hlandiis has already
been recorded by me from the coast of Ireland, from Kilkeel, Co.
Down.*

Kenmare and Caragh Lake

(June 26tli— July 7th, Aug. 13tli-
Sept. 1st).

Harpalus rubripes, var.

,, latus.
Aniara ovata.

,, lunicollis.
Pterostichus striola.
Calatlius piceus.
Leistotroplius uiurinus.
Paedei'us fuscipes.
Necrodes littoralis.
Silpha atrata, vai*. subrotundata.
Cj'tilus vai'ius.
Aphodius fcBtens.

„ depressus.
Hydrocyphon deflexicoUis.
Aroniia moschata.
Donacia crassipes.

„ thalassina.
Chrysomela Banksi.
Gastrophysa rapliani.
Prasocuris marginella.
Lochmsea capreao.
Balaninus cerasoi'um.
Rbopaloraesites Tardyi.
Polydrosus cervinus.

Glengaeiff
(June 11th— 25th).

Pterostichus anthraciiuis.
HavpaUis latus.
Taphria nivalis.
Onthophilus striatus.
Dascillus cervinus.
Lamprosoma concolor.
Donacia obscura.
„ comari.
Phyllobius calcaratus.
Barynotus obscurus.
Rhopalomesites Tardyi.
Ehynchites uiinutus.

Parkkasilla
(July 11th— 25th).

Elaphrus uliginosus.
„ cuprous.

Carabus glabratus.

,, granulatus.
Olisthopus rotundatus.
Leistotroplius murinus.
Cetonia aurata.
Chrysomela Banksi.

Waterville
(July 26th— Aug. 8th).

Carabus glabratus.

,, graiaulatus.
Pterostichus cupreus (black var.).

,, striola.

Beuibidium sasatile.
Aleochara succicola.
Stenus guttula.

* Eiit. Mo. Mag., xii, pp. 82, 124.

272

[November,

Silphii atrata, var. subrotundata.
Necrophorus hiimator.
Corymbitos tessellatus.
Onthophagus f'racticornis.
Doiiacia bidens.
„ lemnae.
Liophloeus iiubilus.
Otiorrhynclius blandus.

,, rugifrons.

,, ligneus.

Meloc violacous.

Horsell : October Uth, 1901.

Valentia Island
(August 7th— 12th).

Harpalus latus.
Pterostichus striola.
Badistei' bipustuhitus.
Taphria nivalis.
Anchonienus parumpunctatus.
Ocj'pus ater.
Necrophorus vcspillo.
Otiorrhynehus blandus.
Lagria hirta.

BALEARIC mSECTS.—DIFTEEA.

Collected in Majorca and Minorca (March and April, 19ul.) by
E. B. PouLTON, Oldfield Thomas, and R. I. Pocock.

BY COL. J. W. YERBURY, late R.A., F.Z.S., (fee.

The Diptera collected by Professor Poultoii and Messrs. Thomas
and Pocock are not of any particular interest, but are such as may be
collected in any part of Europe ; the most interesting species are
Fhorantha siibcoleoptrata and Bombylius pollens.

Where the name of the island is omitted, Majorca is always to

be understood ; where a reference to the collector is omitted, Poultou

is to be accepted. The names Thomas and Pocock are indicated by

their initial letters,

B1B10NID.S;.

Dllophus Immeralis, Zett. ?, 3 ? , PoUensa, slope of Puig de Maria. humer-

aZis, ? Zett., April 2nd, 1900, 2 ?, Mirauiar, garden of Hospidcria, March 27th,
1900, in bad condition (gummed on card), and therefore difficult to determine.

Bihio Marci, L., S and ? , PoUensa, base of M. Sentuiri ; 2 S and 1 ? .
Miramar, garden of Hospideria, March 27tii, 1900; 1 Palma, March 25th, 1900,

outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft. sp. inc., 1 <? , PoUensa, Puig de Maria, April 2nd,

1900, gummed on card.

Chieonomid^.

Chironomus, sp. inc., Albufera, April 13th, 1900 (T. and P.), fragment.

CULICID.ffi.

Culex, sp. inc., 2 ? specimens, 1 near Maracor, Porto Cristo, March Slst,
1900 ; 1 Palma, near Porto Pi, March 24.th, 1900, different species in bad condition.

T1PULID.S).

Pachyrhlna maculosa, Meig., $ and $ , in coitu, PoUensa, slopes of Monte
Sentuiri, April 2nd, 1900 ; 1 (? , PoUensa, April 2nd, 1900, slopes of Puig Maria
1 ,? and 2 ? , Inca (T. and P.).

1901.] 273

ASILIDiE.

DysmacJius f riff onus, Meig., Castle Bellver, 350 feet, March 20th, 1900, single
specimen.

BOMBYLID-S:.

Bombt/lius pollens, Meigen (Eur. Zweif. Ins., vol. ii, p. 214), (?, Pollensa, slopes
of Puig de Maria, April 2nd, 1900 ; Inea, March, 2 c^ and 1 ? (T. and P.) ;
originally described from Portugal.

Syrphid^.

Melanostoma, sp. inc., 9 > Palma, March 24t]i, 1900. sp. inc., 2 9 , Miramar

grounds, March 27th, 1900, and Pollensa Road to Castillo del Key, April 3rd, 1900
(these three specimens being all $ are difficult to identify, and in the absence of any
guide for the identification of ? Melanostoma and Platychirus, even the genus
of the specimen must be left in doubt).

Syrphus lasiopthahnus, Zett. ?, 2 immature $ specimens, San Cristobal, Min-
orca, April 10th, 1900 (T. and P.) ; Miramar grounds, March 27th, 1900. niti-

d! coll is, Meig., Inea (T. and P.) ; Pollensa, April 1st, 1900.

Catabomla pyrastri, L., ? , outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 26th, 1900.

Eristalis tenax, L., 7, Castle Bellver, 250—400 ft., March 25th, 1900; 2,
outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 2f)th, 1900 ; 1, Miramar grounds, March 27th,
1900. ceneus. Scop., 4 $ , Miramar grounds. May 27th, 1900.

Myiatropa florea, L., Inea, Majorca, Mai'ch, 1900 ^T. and P.).

Syritia pipiens, L., 9 > Inea, Majoi'ca (T. and P.), $ Pollensa, base of Monte
Sentuiri, April 2nd, 1900 ; $ , San Cristobal, Minorca, April 10th, 1900 (T. and P.),
the last specimen seems aberrant ; the hind femora being without any light marking.
It is, however, carded, and is moreover in such bad condition that it is impossible
to state detinitely the species to wliicli it belongs.

Chrysochlamys cuprea, Scop., Miramar grounds, Majorca, March 27th, 1900,
a single very dark specimen of the var. nigricornis.

Chrysufoxum intermedium, Meig., ? , 1, outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March
30th, 1900 ; S , Pollensa, Monte Sentuiri, April 2nd, 1900.

C0NOPID.S;.
Zodion cinereum, F., outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 30th, 1900.
Myopa dorsalis, F., outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 26th, 1900, Mahon,
Minorca, near Talyot of Trepuco, April 6th, 1900.

MusciDiE. (Tachinin.^:.)

Allophora {Phorantha) suhcoleoptrata ?, single specimen, Miramar grounds,
March 27th, 1900.

Pelleteria tesselata, F., 2, grounds. Castle Bellver, 300-400 ft., March 30th,
1900.

(DeXINyE.)

Nyctia halterata, Pz., 1, outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 30th, 1900.

(SAECOPHAGIN.S:.)
Sareofhaga vulnerata, Schin., 1 ,^ , Palm a, March 24th, 1900, 1 ?, Miramar

grounds, March 27th, 1900 ; ? , Inea, March, 1900 (T. and P.). albiceps, Meig.,

2 (J , in Castle Bellver grounds, 250-400 ft., March 25th, 1, outside Castle, 400 ft.,
March 26th. hcemorrhon ?, Minorca, Mahon, April 6th, 1900, near T. of Trepuco.

274 [November,

The SarcopJiagincB are a fiimily which requires the services of an expert for correct
identification. The above should tlierefore be taken witli caution.

Cynomyia sepulchralis, Meig., Singleton, t? , outside Castle Bellver, 4U0 ft.,
March 30th, 1900.

(MusciNa;.)

Calliphora erythrocephala, Meig., 4, Pollensa, .-Vpril 1st ; 2, Miramar grounds,

March 27th, and ), Palma, March 24th. romltoria, L., 3 specimens, PoUenza,

April 1st, 19(10.

Musca vori'ina, F., near Manacor, Porto Cristo, March 31st, 1900, 1 spec.
domestica, L., Palma, March 24th, 1900, three specimens.

Idin lunnfa, P , 1 9 outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., Miirch 30th, 1900.

Graphomyia maculata, Scop., 4 S , Pollensa, base of Monte Sentuiri, April
4th, 1900.

Cyrtoneura stahulans. Fall. ?, San Cristobal, Minorca, April 10th, 190 ' (T. and
P.), single specimen ; spoilt bv grease and therefoi-e difficult to identify with cer-
tainty. Although the nomenclature adopted by Braucr and Bergcnstann has been
followed, still for the sake of convenience the species have been located in the old
sub-families.

ANTnOMYIDJS.

Hyetedosia scutellaris, Fall., Soller, March 29th, 1900. fsemicinerea, Wied. ?,

2, Manacor, Porto Cristo, March 31st, 1900 ; 1, Seller, Riniarach, March 28th, 1900 ;
1, Miramar grounds, March 27th, 1900.

Ophyra anthrax, Meig., 1 ? , Majorca, Pollensa, slopes of Puig de Maria, April
2nd, 1900 ; 2 ? , Minorca, San Cristobal, April mth, 1900 (T. and P.).

Spilogaster ?, sp. inc , near depuncta, Fall., Tnca, March 24th, 1900 (T. and P.),
headless.

Pegomyia, sp. inc., 2 ? , Manacor, Porto Cristo, March 31st, 1900, carded, and
therefore difficult to identify.

Caricea tigrina, F., ^ , Albufera, Majorca, April 15th, 1900 (T. and P.).

Fucomyia, up. inc., Palma, March 24th, 1900, following Becker; this genus has
been placed among the Anthomyidce.

C0RDTLtrRrD.E.

Scatophaga stereo raria, L., Inca, March, 1900 (T. and P.).

Tetpetid^.
Acidia heraclei, L., Miramar grounds, March 27th, 19i 0.

Sepsid^.
Sepsi.t, sp. i»e., probably cynipsea, Linn., Majorca, Sollcn, March 29th, 1900;

3, Minorca, Mahon, near T. of Trepuco, April fitli, HJOi' ; 4 gununed specimens,
difficult to identify.

Piophlla, sp. inc., 1, outside Castle Bellver, 400 ft., March 30th, 1900, gummed.

BoEBOEiDJ;.
Limosina, sp. inc., Minorca, Mahon, 1 near T. of Trepuco, April 6th, 1900 ; 1,
Palma, March 24th ; 1, Pollensa, Ap. 4.

Three gummed fragments of different families quite undecypherable.

St. James's, S.W. :

October, 1901.

1901.] 275

Renting of Vanessa urticce. -In the middle of June last year two specimens of
T'. urficcB took up positions in a dark part of a passage in my house. One remained
only about a week, but the other stayed until the middle of August and tlien de-
parted spontaneously early one morning ; its departure coinciding with the appear-
ance of the second brood on the wing.

This year the species was later, owing to the cold spring, but about the first
week in July several individuals entered the house. Most of them stayed a few
days only, but two are still in the positions they first took up, and during Septem-
ber have been joined by several of the second brood. Of this latter, in common
with the other species of J'anessa, and with G-onepteryx rhamni, very few indivi-
duals have been seen here, although larvte were common ; and I have little doubl- that
most of them have gone into winter quarters almost immediately on emergence.
Had it not been so, it is possible that the dormant individuals of the first brood
would have joined the second brood on the wing.

Although this habit has not, so far as I am aware, been recorded before, it may
not be unusual. It would seem to be of the same nature as the retarded emergence
of pupse, and the different rate of growth of larvae of the same brood, whereby in-
dividuals of one generation are enabled to pair with those of the next, or a subsequent
generation. — Chaeles W. Watts, Maidstone : September, 1901.

Colias Ediisa at Seaton, Devon, in 1901. — After keeping a good look out for C.
Edusa in this neighbourhood earlier in the year, I failed to see any until September
24th, when, after some days of southerly breezes, I happened to meet with a single
male in good condition flying over Haven Hill. In the s]iring and first part of the
summer the prevalent winds were adverse to the passage of migrants from the
continent ; and last winter and spring were unfavourable to the propagation of
offspring from eggs laid last autumn. — A. E. Eaton, Woodlands, Seaton, Devon :
September SOth, 1901.

Sphinx convolvuli at Eltham. — It would appear that Sphinx convolvuli has
been somewhat common at Eltham this season, as on September 2f)th and 27th I
noticed at the flowers of the tobacco plant quite a number of specimens, one of
which I captured.— A. H. Jones, Shrublands, Eltham : October 2nd, 1901.

Sphinx convolvuli at Kingston-on-Thames. — A large female specimen of this
insect was brought to me this afternoon from the Kingston Union; it had been
taken by the Master when endeavouring to obtain admission to the Workhouse.
The specimen is " no pauper," but is in the finest possible condition, and could not
long have emerged from the pupa. — H. Gross, Surbiton Hill : September 21st, 1901.

Sphinx convolvuli at Hoylake. — A fine specimen of the Convolvulus Hawk
Moth was taken on a fishing boat in "the gutter" and brought to me on the
evening of September 30th last. The insect, which was greatly feared by its captors
on account of its supposed stinging capabilities, was in very fair condition, con-
sidering it had been allowed to flutter about for some time in a paper bag of
somewhat ample dimensions. — E. J. Burgess Sopp, Hoylake : October, 1901.

276 [November,

Sphinx convolmdi In Gloucestershire.— On September 23i'd, a very fine speci-
men of Sphinx convoliui/i, eviflent.ly just emerged from the pupa, was found at rest
on the garden entrance of Mr. V. K. Perkins' residence, by his daughter, between
7 and 8 o'clock a.m., and is now on one of his setting boards. — V. Toulmin,
Wotton-under-Edge : September 21th, 1901.

Sphinx convoliuili at Wol-ing. — One of \\\y sons found a very good example of
the above at rest on a paling close to my house on the morning of Thursday, the 3rd
instant. — Kdward Safndebs, St. Ann's, Woking: October Wi, 1901.

Larva of Sphinx convolrnli at Guentllng, Sussex. — A larva of this species was
brought to me on August 24th, but I am sorry to say it escaped almost inuncdiately.
Although the perfect insect is not uncommon, the larva seems to be very rarely met
with in this country. It has, however, I believe been met with in several instances
this summer. — E. N. Bloomfirld, Guestling Rectory : September 25th, 1901.

Clostera anachoreta at Walmer, Kent. — A young friend, Mr. Gordon Murray,
has shown me a short series of this species bred by him from eggs found on balsam
poplar at Walmer, in June last. He found more th!in 10 eggs, in two clusters, but
gave most of them to his friends, keeping only about a dozen eggs for himself,
nearly all of which fed up satisfactorily. — Id.

Acherontia Atropos in Dumbartonshire. — With reference to Mr. Malloch's note
in the October number of this Magazine {ante, p. 258), it may be of interest to
some of your readers to know that I caught a Death's-head Hawk-moth at Ard-
peaton. Loch Long, on September 7th last. It was crawling over dead leaves at
the foot of a tree, quivering its wings, and making a squeaking sound. My atten-
tion was drawn to it by this last, which was distinctly audible from a distance of
ten or twelve yards. The moth was in beautiful condition, and evidently not long
emerged from the pupa. — W. Edgar Evans, 38, Morningside Park, Edinburgh :
October 5th, 1901.

Additions to the Lepidoptera of Olanvilles Wootton since 1890. — Since the
publication of the 2nd edition of my " Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire," in 1891, 1 have
added the following species to the G-lanvilles Wootton list : — Lithosia aureola, 1901 ;
Rusina tenebrosa, 1899; Agrotis saucia,\di'i\5 ; Pachnobta rubricosa,\H91 ; Habro-
stola triplasia, 1899 ; Selenia lunaria, 1893 ; Fidonia piniaria, 1895 ; Emmelesia
unifnsclata, 1893; Botys lancealis, 1901; Oncocera aheneVa, ISQQ ; Penthina sel-
lana, 1892 ; Stigmonota punctivostana, 1892 ; Butalis fwicucuprella, 1899 ; Asy-
chna modestella, 1894 ; Elachista magnificella, 1896 ; E. Gleichenella, 1899 ;
Opostega salaciella, 1893. I have also taken the following of which previously
only solitary specimens had occurred: — JEchmia dentella, one in 1901; Sphinx
convolvuli, in 1898 ; Melanthia albicillata, in 1894 ; Hypena rostralis, several ;
Scopula lutealis, in 1893 ; Myelophila cribrella, in 1899, several ; Rhodophaa rti-
brotibiella, in 1901 ; OrthotcBnia ericelana, several, in 1895 ; Argyrolepia cnicana,
in 1899 ; Tinea albipunctella, in 1899. It must be remembered that Grlanvilles
Wootton has been almost continuously worked by my ftithcr or myself for ninety-
five years.— C. W. Dale, Glanvillcs Wootton : September 30th, 1901.

1901.] 277

Philalocera quercana attacking rhododendrons. — In July last I received a
letter and parcel from Mr. H. Ewart, of Belfast. The parcel contained an imago
and pupa case of the above moth, and the letter explained their presence in the
following terms : — " Hitherto rhododendrons have been singularly free from the
attacks of insects, but this year I have had several fine old well-established bushes
literally strijjped by a green caterpillar, which develops into the moth of which I
send you a specimen by the same post." In my reply I suggested to Mr. Ewart
that in case of a renewal of the attack some insecticide should be applied to the
bushes with a syringe ; and he replied, " We washed off a great many of the green
caterpillars, but I fear we were not sufficiently alive to the numbei's to be dealt
with." This shows that the attack was very severe and there must have been
something particularly favourable to the moth, as Mr. Ewart further remarks, " I
have found no one about here so far who has seen the moth before." There are no
oaks in the vicinity of the rhododendrons, but there is a large beam tree, and Mr.
Ewart found " two or three leaves of it attacked in the same way." Another
curious point about this attack is that it was confined to the one place, for Mr.
Ewart says he could not hear of any one in the neighbourhood having suffered in
the same way.

The moth was here, for I obtained a specimen, but it was not abundant, and I
did not notice any indications of its presence on oak or any other tree or shrub, as
I should have had there been a severe attack. It would be interesting to know if
any one else has met with anything similar to the present case. — W. F. Johnson,
Acton Glebe, Poyutzpass ; October 10th, 1901.

Saliiis notatulus, Saund., and Crabro aphidum, Lep., in Scotland. — Mr. Saunders
has asked me to record the occurrence of these two rare Aculeates in Perthshire.
At Aberfoyle, on July 8th last, I took a male of Salius notatulus, Saund., on the
hills, flying over a raised up sandy bank ; with it occurred Pompilus niger. Fab., in
great numbers, and a few Salius pusillus, Schiodte. On June 30th, the first day of
my stay in the district, I was fortunate enough to take a female of Crabro aphidmn,
Lep., flying in a woodland path at Loch Ard. I believe this is the first record from
Scotland for these two species. Mr. Saunders, with his usual kindness, has identified
these insects for me. — A. E. J. Carter, Selville Cottage, Portobello, Edinburgh :
October <dth, 1901.

Andrena polita. Smith, in Kent. — On July 6th last, whilst collecting on the
chalk hills near Hailing, Kent, I had the good fortune to capture a fine specimen of
Andrena polita, Smith. It was visiting the flowers of the trailing dog rose, Rosa
arvensis, L. I again visited the spot in August, but failed to obtain another speci-
men. Mr. E. Saunders has been kind enough to confirm my determination of the
species. — H. Elgar, 3, St. Michael's Terrace, Fant Eoad, Maidstone : September
2nd, 1901.

[This is a most interesting capture, as the species has not been recorded from
this country since F. Smith's time ; he took it in the chalk pits at Northfleet in
July some years prior to 1855. — E. S.]

278 [November,

Hymemjptera near looking in the laller pari of 1901. — The following are the
oiilj items of interest I cau find among my captures of British Hytnenoptera this
year. I was abroad till July, and for various reasons have not collected steadily
since, besides which I have noticed that in this neighbourhood sevei'al species were
"over" earlier than usual (probably because of the exceptionally dry summer).

Ckrt/sls succincta, L., has been quite common here ; I took eleven specimens
(males and females) on two days in July. Salius iiotatulus, Saunders, a large and
highly coloured male (my first British capture of this species) at Clandon on July
loth. Oxybelus mandibularis, Dahlb., ? , at Wisley, August 10th. Crabro gonager,
Lep., $ , near Cobliam (Surrey), July 8th ; C. scutillatus, Schev., cJ & $ , at Wisley,
July 4th. Prosopis cornuta, Sm., many females, and dilatata, K., two females, all on
Daucus carota at Woking, July 20tli to 27th ; but no male of either species ! No-
mada atrata, Smith (see Ent. Mo. Mag., 1900, p. 204), several of both sexes in two
different localities near Woking, all on Knautia arvemis, along with Andrena celii,
Schr., August 15th to 19th. Stelis 8-maculaia, Smith, cJ , at Mayford, near Woking,
August 16th ; this capture greatly pleased me, as I had never before taken any
species of Stelis in England, though I have had no difficulty in finding them in many
localities on the continent. — F. D. Mobice, Brunswick, Woking : September, 1901.

Meteonis fragilis, Wesm., parasitic on Phalera bucephala. — As no previous
record has been made in this country of Meteorus fragilis having been bred from
P. bucephala, I think it is worth mentioning, as by it some addition to its history
will be noted. On September 21st last, while hunting for oak galls in Warleigh
Wood, near Plymouth, I observed a twig of oak denuded of its leaves, from which
were suspended about a dozen cocoons. On closer examination I found they pro-
ceeded from young larvse, in second moult, of P. bucephala, others who had escaped
the attack of M. fragilis, were in the act of putting on their third coats. Four
larvae had not changed ; these I removed and placed in a box, by the next morning
the parasitic larvte from three had emerged, the fourth I tried to preserve for my
cabinet, and in removing the viscera I also removed a parasitic larva. The flies,
M. fragilis, duly emerged fx'om their cocoons on October 2nd, barely twelve days
from the time they left their host. Wesmael says that the terebra is as long as the
abdomen ; Marshall's remarks, " but for this allowance must be made." I can
confirm Marshall's statement, " Terebra about half the abdomen ;" it is a trille
longer than the 1st abdominal segment, but not so long as the remainder of the
abdomen. — Gr. C. Bignell, Saltash : October '3rd, 1901.

Gynandrous specimen of Halictus quadriciuctus, Fab. — Mr. H. Elgar, of
Maidstone, has captured a most interesting specimen of the above always rare
species ; it has the head, and apparently the head only, influenced bisexually. The
right antenna is long, and formed just like that of a normal <? , tlie left short, and
just like that of a normal $ ; the effect produced by this asymmetry being most
striking, especially as in this species the antenna) in the <? are unusually long and
thick and largely testaceous. The shape of the face is somewhat intermediate
between that of a c? and a ? ; Ihe vertex is wide as in the ? , but the clypcus is
rather longer than that of an ordinary +' and shorter than a male's ; it is' simple in

1901.] 279

front in the latter sex, i. e., it wants tlie sharp angles which occur in the ? , and has
the usual yellow apical spot of the <? , but the mandibles lack the curious dilatations
so characteristic of the latter sex of qiiadricinctux. The rest of the insect appears
to me to bear the characters throughout of an ordinary female.— Edward Saunders,
St. Ann's, Woking : October Wth, 1901.

CoRlioxys mandibularls, Nyl., at WaUaxey. — Since announcing the addition of
this bee to the British list in the July number of this Magazine, I have examined
all the specimens of tlie genus Coelioxys in my own collection, with the result
that I am glad to report the discovery of another local example of mandihiilaris.
Oh reference to my diary I find that I captured the specimen at Wallasey on July
5th, 1891 ; it was sitting upon a bare sandhill, at a spot not fifty yards from the
post where Mr. Birch took his example last year. I have had the pleasure of
showing the insect to Mr. E. Saunders, who kindly confirmed the identification. —
WiLLOUGHBY GARDNER, Reform Club, Liverpool : September 20t7i, 1901.

Coleoptera at Stornoioay, Lewis.— "Mv. McArthur has been kind enough to
collect a few Coleoptera for me during the past summer at Stornoway, and although
mostly common species, they are worth recording, more especially as several of them
were not met with by Mr. J. J. Walker when he visited the island in 1895.* These
species are marked with an asterisk in the following list : —

Carabus glabratus* C. cJathratus (two specimens only), C.granuJatus* (almost
black), C. catenulatus, FAaphrus cupreus* Broscus cephalotes* Amara aulica*
Bythcus marginalis* Acllius sidcatus* (common), Gyrintcs natator* Colymbetes
bistriatus* Corymbites tesseUatns* C. cupreus, Athoiis heemorrhoidalis, Campylus
linearis* Serica brunnea* Geotrupes stercoraritis, Aphodius riifipes, A. ater, Meli-
gethes (sneus {■ah\\nAn\\i).— (jt. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : October 1*^,1901.

Information wanted as to Coleoptera eaten by Birds. — I am anxious to collect
any evidence as to Coleoptera being eaten by birds, whether in confinement or
otherwise. If possible I should be glad to know the generic names of any Coleoptera
so devoured, and the names of the birds that devoured them ; but I shall be very
grateful for notice of remains of any beetles found in the crops of birds whilst
being prepared for stufiing or for cooking. There is no doubt that birds do eat
Coleoptera, but how far this is the case is a question, and it is still more doubtful
how far they exercise discrimination between species. Any evidence as to the latter
point will be much valued.— W. W. Fowler, Rotherfield Peppard Rectory, Henley-
on-Thames : September I8th, 1901.

Further Notes on Eydradephaga and HydropUlida.- In the August (1900) No.
of this Journal (see vol. xxxvi, p. 190) I gave an account of i>iy collecting with
the water-net during that season. Having worked throughout the present year
again with some success, I am induced to give a short account of the results.
Towards the end of March, in pools at Chobham, Hydroporus ob.icurus, Sturm,

Ent Mo. Mag., xxxi, pp. 182—184.

D D 2

^80 [November,

and Berosus signaticollls, Charp., with many commoner insects, opened the cam-
paign. Easter was spent at Hastings, and iiear Pevenscy I found Copelahm agUix,
F., fairly common ; an afternoon with Mr. Bennett at his locality at Bodle Street
produced, out of a small stream, many very good things, amongst them being
Srychlus elevatus, Panz., Deronectes latus, Stepli., Gyrinus urinator, 111., Hydro-
porus lepidits, 01., and five species of Hydrana, namely, testacea, Curt., riparia,
'K-ng., 7ugri(a, Germ., yracilis, Germ., and pulchella, Germ.; with them occurred
Potaminus substriatus, Miill. At Deal, a few days later, in ditches, I took llalipJun
variegatus, Sturm, Gyrinus eJongatus, Aube, Laccobius hipunctafus, F., L. aJutaceus,
Thoms., Noterns clavicornis, De G., and Copelatus agilis, F., this last being very
common.

Between April 20th and May 18th I paid several visits to some ponds in an old
gravel pit (a locality I owe to the kindness of Mr. W. E. Shari^) near Han well.
Here I was fortunate enough to capture several beetles which do not often fall to
the lot of the collector : Dytiscns circumflexus^ F., Rhantus grapii, Gyll., E. exoletua,
Forst., R. pulverosu.9, Steph., Hydaticus seminiger, De G., Ilybius ater, De G., /.
obscurus, Marsh., Hydroporus granulans, L., Coelambus impressopunctatus, Schall.,
HydropJiilus piceu», L., Hydrocharis carahoide.i, L., quite common, Hydrochus
elongatus, Schall., and many common things ; here again Copelatus agilis, P.,
occurred in the greatest profusion.

In the afternoon of April 27th a visit to Woking secured a fine series of Hydro-
poms flavipes, 01., out of ponds on Horsell Common, with Rhantus exoletu.t, 'Forst.,
etc. The net had a rest from the middle of May until August l7th, when I paid a
short visit to Wicken Fen ; again I was fortunate in my captures, securing from
a small ditch Dytiscns dimidiatus. Berg., D. punctulatus, F., Hydaticus transver-
salis, Berg., and many commoner beetles, while out of pools in the Fen I obtained
HydropTiilus piceus, L.

Since my arrival here I have only had one afternoon's collecting, when a visit
to a small swift running stream near Polmont brought in Hydroporus rival Is, Gyll.,
H. Bavisii, Curt., Deronectes 12-pustulatns. Fab., Platambus maculatus, L., &c.,
most of them being very abundant. — T. Hudson Beaee, 2, Heriot Eow, Edinburgh :
October 5tA, 1901.

Medon castaneus, Grav., in Richmond Park. — I was lucky enough to sweep a
specimen of this very rare insect ofP herbage on the edge of a pond in Eiehmond
Park on April 22nd last. Further visits failed to bring any more to liglit, and until
we can discover something about the life-habits of this insect, it is evidently likely
to remain very rare in our collections. — Id.

Attelabus curculionoides, L., attaching chestnut. — As it appears tliat this fact
has been but seldom recorded, I may remark that I have been familiar with it for
many years past ; I think, indeed, that the insect now prefers chestnut to oak. It
may be seen in profusion at Darenth Wood where oak and chestnut grow mingled,
and I have noticed it as being more numerous on the chestnut. It also uses this
plant freely in the Forest of Dean and in the New Forest, as well as at Haslemere,
and I think I have seen it elsewhere on the chestnut. The chestnut must be in the

1901.] 281

bush state. I always supposed this must be well known, but I have been interested
in it because the leaves of the chestnut are so different from those of the oak, and
because the chestnut being an introduced plant in most of our woods, the Attelalns
must hare taken on the habit of makitij: use of it comparatively recently. It is one
among many proofs that instinct extends, or alters, according to circumstances, and
is not absolutely fixed as some writers insist it is. Maurice Maeterlinck has some
observations on this subject in Iiis charming work, " La vie des Abeilles." — D.
Shaep, Cambridge : September SOtk, 1901.

Two New Forest Dipterocecidie^. — When in tlie New Forest last summer I
noticed the edges of the oak leaves on some of the trees near Gritnam turned over
so as to form a habitation for a little larva, which on examination proved to be a
Cecidomyiicl. The incisions (or bays) of the leaves were made deeper by a little bit
being turned over; how tliis is accomplished I do not know. In the valuable
Monograph of Cecidomyiidre at present in course of publication by tlie Abbe' Kieffer
in Ann. Soc. Ent. France, this is well figured (vol. Ixix, pi. 38, fig. 12) as Maero-
diplosis volvens, Kieff. It does not seem to have been noticed in Britain before.
On the same trees certain of the leaves had their prominent parts turned over (the
promontories of the leaf instead of the bays). I supposed this to be the work of
the same insect, attacking a different part of the leaf, but Kieffer figures it (/. c,
fig., 11) as Macrodiplosis dri/ohia, Lw., a species which is included in Mr. Verrall's
Catalogue of Dipfera.—lv>. : Octoler C^th, 1901.

Plafi/pezm at Felden, Herts. — While spending the last few days of September,
which were remarkably brilliant and warm, at Felden, with my friend Mr. Albert
Piffard, I was astonished at the number of Platypezre we met with. P. cotisobrina,
Zett., was somewhat common hovering at, and running in curvatures upon, the leaves
of hazel at Black Horse Wood, Ashley Green. P. rufa, Mg., $ , was in abundance,
mixed with P. modesta, Zett., flying to, and running beneath as soon as alighted
upon, the broad gills of a Heleloma, which rots in five or six days, during which
time the insects doubtless oviposit in it ; but we found no males, and one is led to
the supposition that the period of incubation is capable of expansion, or that the
female is partlienogenetic. This fungus grew in several places on the old stumps
of defunct trees ; when P. rufa is stationary it stands high on its legs and looks
much narrower than when set. Mr. Piffard took one or two female P. dorsalis,
Mg., of which he had taken four examples of the extremely rare male on August
29th in the garden plantations on Portugal laurel, in which situations P. hirticeps,
Ver., 9 9 , was somewhat common running in circles about the upper-sides of the
leaves, both in dull and sunny weather. The bag ended with a single fine female
P. picta, Mg., flying high to a hornbeam at Ashley Green, thus consisting of seven
species (out of twelve in Britain) secured within a five miles' radius in three days.
Mr. Piffard tells me he has upon previous occasions also taken one female P.
itifumata, Haliday, here, and in August P. atra, Mg., which latter is the only
species with which I had previously met, having beaten a female from birch in
Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, on April 28th, 1895, and from these dates there
would appear to be two or a succession of broods. He has never met with P.fur-
cata, Fall., at Felden. — Clafde Morley, Ipswich : Octoler, 1901.

282 [November,

Ecfopsoctcs Briggsi, McLach., at Lynmouth. — Last year I failed to take this
species, but it is now appearing in somewhat greater numbers than in 1899. Beating
trees or ivy does not answer so well as my original laborious plan of unrolling
witliei-ed leaves, but I have found a method which promises success if I may judge
from a first trial. On the gardener's pile of dead leaves, chiefly the hirge ones of
sycamore, chestnut and horse chestnut, I place small boughs cut, leaves and all, from
either of these trees ; being cut green the loaves curl up and dry, but remain on the
boughs, which I tap over an umbrella and replace for further use. As I believe
Mr. Dale found the species nearly as late as Christmas, Neuropterists will be able to
try the plan during the present season, I hope with success. Ectopsocus seems to
prefer being near the ground, and is fairly active when disturbed. I find it best to
unroll my dead leaves over an umbrella, for the creature usually either jumps off or
gets through the holes in the leaves and falls. It may be easily recognised without
a lens by its reddish lustre, and by its habit of holding its wings flatter over the
back than is usual with Psocidce. — C. A. Bkigos, Eock House, Lynmouth, North
Devon : October V2th, 1901.

Ectopsocus Briggsi, McLach., in South Devon and in Dorset. — An example of
this pretty little Psocid, discovered originally by Mr. C. A. Briggs at Lynmouth,
North Devon [c/. Ent. Mo. Mag. (2), x, p. 277], was found by the Rev. A. E.
Eaton at Seaton, South Devon, on or about Christmas Day, 1900. Mr. Dale takes
the insect, not uncommonly I believe, by beating ivy late in the year at Glanvilles
Wootton, Dorset. I think both Mr. Briggs and Mr. Dale have found it in company
with Trichopsocus Dnlii, which it much resembles, but is considerably smaller. — R.
McLachlan, Lewisham, London : October 4:th, 1901.

Local Notes {Plectrocnemia geniculata, Holocentropus stagnalis, Sfc"). — I note
the following amongst the Eev. A. E. Eaton's captures of Trichoptera in the south-
west of England this year : —

Branscombe (Devon), Diplectrona feJix, McL., May 4th. Dawlish (Devon),
Crunoecia irrorata, Ct., Plectrocnemia geniculata, McL., Wormaldia occipitalis,
Pict., July 2.3rd. Ashcott (Somerset), Phryganea minor, Ct., Holocentropus stag-
nalis. Alb., May 3nth.

Of Plectrocnemia breiHs, McL., introduced as new to Britain last year, he seems
to have found but one example, in the old locality at Seaton. — Id.: October
I3fh, 1901.

Pachyttjlus cinerascens, Fab., near Ha.'iflngs. — A good specimen was taken at
Ore about the middle of August last. This is the second specimen which I have
obtained in this neighbourhood ; the first having been taken at Fairlight more than
twenty years ago. A few years afterwards P. migratorius, L., was brought to me
from the same parish. These two specimens are mentioned by Mr. Eland Shaw in
Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxv, p. 451. — E. N. Bloomfield, Guestling : October, 1901.

Decticus verrucivorus, L., near Deal. — A fine female specimen of this rare

1901.] 283

species was brought to ine by Mr. Gordon Murray, of Waliiior. He took it at
St. Margaret's Bay on July 2Uth last. A speciincn is recorded from the same
locality as having been taken in 1886 (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxiii, p. 168), and others
are mentioned by Mp. Burr in liis " British Orthoptera." — Id.

Neio locality for Exmretopus fonniceticola in Guernsey. — On August 22nd I
found a number of specimens of a Coccid, at roots of grass under stones, on the
cliffs near Pleinmont Point. I sent them to Mr. R. Newstead, who finds them to
be ExcBretopus formiceticola. This insect was first discovered near Bordeaux
Harbour, close to a pebble beach, and described by Mr. Newstead in the Ent. Mo.
Mag. for September, 1894. This locality has since been completely covered with
pebbles from the beanh. It is interesting to find it in a new spot eight miles distant
from the place where it was originally found.— W. A. Luff, Broad Road, Guernsey :
October I2th, 1901.

The South London Entomological and Natueal History SociEiy :
August 8th, 1901. — H. S. Fremlin, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a bred series of Geometra papilionaria from Bexley,
Kent, and noted the sensitiveness of its colour, explaining his method of preserva-
tion, by stupifying with cyanide and killing with oxalic acid. Mr. Manger, a large
light coloured Sphinx Uyustri from Brockley, and a (J of the dragon fly, Mschna
cyanea, taken in his garden at New Cross. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a pupa of Macro-
glossa siellatariim from Bromley, showing the curious beak, and a short bred series
of Agrotis ripce from Dawlish, and referred to the marked difference in shape
between the males and females. Mr. Step, Cassida equesfris, bred from the larvae
exhibited at a previous meeting, stating that they pupated about July 25th, and
emerged about July 31st. Mr. Fremlin, a number of gall-excrescences on the twigs
of hornbeam, which had been produced by a species of Aphis. Mr. Edwards, a
number of rose leaves disfigured by a carpenter bee ; a discussion took place as to
the selection of leaves of particular shrubs, and the shapes of the pieces cut out ;
Mr. Turner stated that they regularly burrowed in the soil in the Cactus pots in his
greenhouse. Rev. H. Wood, two spiders, Theridion lineatum, females, with egg-
cocoons ; the living specimen had killed the preserved one, and appropriated its
egg-case, fixing them both together on the lid of the tin. Mr. Step read the Report
of the Field Meeting held at Mickleham on June 22nd, which was attended by
forty members.

August 22nd, 1901. — Mr. F. Noad Clarke, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Dr. Chapman exhibited a larva of Graellsia Isabella fi-oni Spain, the only
European species of the Attacina group of the Saturnidce, and pointed out the
protective nature of its colour resemblance to the twigs of its food, Scotch fir. Mr.
F. H. Day, local and rare Coleoptera from Carlisle, including Donacia discolor of
all shades and variation ; Hydrothassa /ianjioyerawn-, eighteen specimens by sweeping
Caltha palustris ; Bradycellus collaris ; Sphcerites glabratus, one of two specimens

284 (November,

taken in carrion and very rare; Telephorus abdomiinilis found among bracken ; T.
Darwinianus ; Rhynchites cupreus ho\\\ mountain asli ; a.ud Agabus arcticus. Mr.
Enock, a pair of Orihetrum cancellutnm captured in cop. at Wisley on July 20tli,
the female was of the same blue colour as the male.

September 12th, 1901.— Mr. W. J. LucAS, B.A„ Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. South exhibited two old specimens of tlie buff variety of Amphklasys
betularia type form, and a buif variety of var. Doubledayaria, which he had received
from a correspondent. Dr. Chapman, a much suffused black var. of an Argynnii
sp. from Spain, in shape it was A. Aglaia, but the under-side was marked like A.
Adippe. Mr. Lucas, for Mr. H. E. Annett, a var. of Enodia ht/peranthus from
Oxshott, nearly approaching the extreme form var. arete ; a male specimen of tiie
large earwig, Labldura. riparia, taken by Major Robertson at Pokesdown, August,
1900 ; and coloured drawings of (1) Argymiis Paphia, $ , a pale yellow var., (2)
Epiiiephele tithonus, ? , a xanthic var., both from specimens taken in the IVew Forest.
Mr. Kirkaldy, numerous species of MiridcB = CapsidcB, of the genera (1) Orecto-
dorus, most of which are ant-mimics, and (2) Resthenia. Mr. West, of Greenwich,
long series of three closely allied and obscure species of Romoptera, Acocephalus
hrunneo-bifasciatus and A.Jlavo-strlatus, both from Catford, from roots of grass on
waste land, and A. albifrons, from under furze bushes, Blackheath. Mr. Kemp, living
nymphs of the Odonata, Sympetrum striolatum, Gomphus viilgatlssimHs, and
Calopteryx virgo,a\\ from the New Forest. A discussion ensued as to the area of
distribution of the immigration of Colias Hyale and C. Edusa during tlie present
year. — Hy. J. Tubnee, Eon. Sec.

FURTHER NOTES ON SOUTH AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY FRANCES BAKEETT ; EDITED BT C. U. BAEKETT, V.P.E.S.

(^Continued from p. 195).

Pleretes bellatrix, Dalm. — " Harry brought the caterpillar home just about to
turn to pupa. The colours of the moth are carried out in the caterpillar, and can
be seen in the chrysalis. Its food plant is a bush with bunches of light scarlet
blossoms. It sometimes climbs larger trees, and is called here honeysuckle ; but it
is not very much like a honeysuckle, the blossoms form a bunch, and are on a spike
rather than a whorl. The leaves are dark and the flowers very bright, singularly
agreeing with the colour of the moth."

[No figure of this larva has yet reached me, but the pupa is exceedingly pretty
— brilliantly glossy orange-yellow, with a row of large black spots on each dorsal,
and around each abdominal segment, a cluster of smaller spots at the back of the
head and on the thorax, smaller ones upon the covers of the legs, and the wing
covers broadly edged with black, and divided lengthwise with the same. All these
markings, willi the remaining surface, are, as I have already said, shining like glass,
and no roughness nor sculpture is to be seen upon it. The cremaster is scarcely ex-

285

tended beyond the anal segment, but quite flat, yet furnished with a number of
separate hooked bristles, by which it holds tightly to its cocoon. This is extremely
thin and transparent, formed of loose white silk, through which the pupa is most
distinctly visible.]

Leucaloa eugraphica, Walk. — " I found a pair in October in the shrubbery, and
obtained a considerable number of eggs. The larvae fed up on vine leaves, but as it
lives usually out upon the veldt the vine can scarcely be its natural food. I have
painted this larva in four stages ; some specimens had a few long while hairs trailing
back over the body. The moths emerged in February. On a previous occasion I
brought home a caterpillar in February, and it spun up almost immediately, yet did
not emerge till August — nearly six months."

[From the last remark this species would appear to be double brooded. Its
young larva is figui'ed of a blackish-brown with a yellow dorsal line, and generally
distributed rather short hairs. Its head at this and the subsequent stages is bright
orange-red. When larger the colour is still very dark brown, with moderately
broad dorsal and spiracular pale yellow stripes, the hairs arranged in large dorsal
and lateral tufts, their colour bright red, mixed with black, and in the full grown
larva supplemented by extremely long curved hairs on the posterior segments. The
feet are black, and the ventral prolegs red. The pupa is dark red-brown, brilliantly
glossy all over, and only sculptured in a very faint degree with minute wrinkling on
the thorax and wing covers, and with minute pitting on the segments ; anal segment
bluntly and completely rounded, the only indication of a cremaster being a small
tuft of short hooked bristles. In a loose soft cocoon of silk mixed with the hairs
of the caterpillar, among leaves or rubbish.]

Diaphora capeiisis, Herr.-Sch. — " Its caterpillar is of a lovely glaucous-green,
with white markings, and very short, erect, fine whitish hairs, the legs pale yellow
or light brown — such a pretty delicate thing — I wish it had waited to be painted,
but it spun up almost immediately, and produced this lovely favourite moth."

[The moth may well be a favourite. It is an exquisite creature ! The fore-
wings pale green or greenish-buff with white stripes, a slender scarlet hind border,
with a large spot of the same colour at the apex and the anal angle ; the orbicular
and reniform stigmata large, filled up with red and edged with black ; above them
is a black cloud along the costa. Hind-wings bright yellow with a large black
central spot, and a hind border of black spots. Abdomen yellow. Thox-ax orange-
black and white. The pupa skin enclosed is curious, the surface of the wing covers,
as well as the dorsal and abdominal segments, thickly covered with close, fine pitting
and roughnesses ; the antenna covers finely barred with cross sculpture ; the anal
segment thick and extremely blunt ; the cremaster showing only two small, distinct,
upturned points ; colour dark purple-red. In a thin silken cocoon in a folded leaf.]

Metarctia rufesceiis, Walk. — " The caterpillar is a rapid traveller. It is not un-
common among dead leaves and rubbish, or under a hedge. It will feed on a juicy
creeper with ivy-shaped leaves growing in the garden, but I doubt whether this is
its proper food, since it is usually found far away from this plant."

[This moth is of about the size and colour of Phragmatohia fuUginosa, which

E E

286 [November,

it ratlier resembles. The larva is remarkable for the inordinate length of its dorsal
hairs, which slope backwards. Except for this it is rather like our common " woolly
bear." When young the body is black-brown, with the hairs pale brown, but when
full grown the dorsal hairs become black, those of the lower part of the body red ;
beneath the long hairs the segments are starred with i*ows of raised spots, from
which spring tufts of very short radiating hairs ; similar tufts with the bristles
pointing doivnwards are placed at the sides of the prolegs. The head when full
grown is shining chestnut-red, when younger orange-red, with two diverging black
lines down the face. Pupa shining red-brown ; in a loose open cocoon of silken
threads.]

Braura ligniclusa, Walk. — " We have found the moth sitting under verandah
thatch, on stone, on outbuildings, and on rough wood, which it closely resembles.
One caterpillar was found under an old sack which had been laid for the horses to feed
on, so that the mealies should not be mixed up with dust and gravel. The wonder
was that the fowls had not spied it ! Another was under some loose gum-tree bark
which was pulled off for firing ; and it spun up at once under its piece of bark. I
do not know upon what it feeds, as both were ready to spin. A third was found in
a bit of old " eotton-blanket," such as tlie red-clay people wear, stuck away in a
thorn bush in the shrubbery. When tliis was pulled out to be burned the cocoon
was found in its folds."

[This is a fine moth, allied to Gaatrofaclia, and having a beautiful resemblance
to bi'own bark. The larva figured is large and handsome, blackish-brown with a
broad whitish dorsal stripe extending to the subdorsal region and enclosing a dorsal
row of red spots, but all somewhat concealed by abundant tufts of moderately long
black and brown hairs ; head pale grey-brown. Pupa long-ovate, the limb-covers
very compact, and, with the wing-covers, dull from a frosting of abundant minute sculp-
ture of roughnesses without definite form ; antenna-covers short, beautifully cross-
ribbed ; these portions all dull chocolate ; dorsal and abdominal segments pitchy-
brown, rather glossy, but finely sculptured with minute pitting and cross wrinkling ;
anal segment rounded off, the cremaster not protruding, but covered with a thick
stubble of fine bristles. In a tough and strong, but not thick, cocoon of a dark
grey-brown colour, attached to bark or some other thick object.]

Lenodora niontana, Stoll. — " Reared from a caterpillar which I found on a
sunny morning at Nggeleni. I found two, attracted to them by beautiful coral-red
spots along the body, which on close inspection I found were parasites ; however, I
tried to rear them, and one fed up on wild Pelargonium, cast its skin and parasites,
and became a fine caterpillar. It was quite a pet of mine with its little briglit face !
Another was found on the same food in the side garden."

[This is a robust species, though not more than a)i inch and a half in expanse
of wings ; these being short, broad, and rounded, black-brown, with a great semi-
transparent white blotch occupying the middle portion of each ; the body densely
covered with long scales, and having a very long anal tuft. The head of the larva
is glossy black, except a sharply white triangle occupying the space between the
lobes, and a yellow mouth ; the dorsal portion of the body is black, and abundantly
furnished with tufts of long black and white hairs spreading abroad and more par-

1901. 287

ticularly eloping back ; all the body below the subdorsal region orange-red, and
covered with tufts of similar and darker hairs ; legs and prolegs grey-black. Pupa
dark red ; the limb-covers compact ; the antenna-covers much thickened and con-
spicuous, but only very faintly cross-barred ; wing-covers rather dull, covered with
minute cross- wrinkling, and showing the nervures in regular depressed lines ; dorsal
and abdominal segments only moderately glossy, covered with sculpture of shallow
pitting and wrinkles, but having a raised smooth band at the back of each ; anal
segment very fully rounded, the cremaster only indicated by a mass of fine, short,
erect bristles covering the extremity. Cocoon thin, but extremely tough, whitish-
brown, spun up among dead leaves or grass.]

Trabela ochroleuca, Feld. — " This is a moth that I have several times tried to
rear — singly. Did I not send you a dead larva ? Spencer brought me the first, and
found out its food ; then seeing that I was interested brought me several more.
Then we hunted together and found a fair number. They had been casting their
skins, for we found several of tliese on plants on the ground. I do not think that I
ever caught the moth ; it is a handsome creamy-looking creature. I am sending a
little sketch of the larva."

[Tliis is a very softly beautiful species, not unlike Odonestin potatoria in both
sexes, though the male is of the pale creamy yellow-bi'own of the female, and
beautifully rippled with a deeper shade. The larva is very handsome, pale ochreous-
brown or orange-brown ; the dorsal portion covered with thick tufts of soft silky
white or yellow-white hairs, which lie back and up toward the dorsal ridge ; the
sides ornamented with tufts of much longer white hairs, depressed and lying closely
together in silky masses, except on the thoracic segments, where they are more
raised, longer, and stand out in all directions ; head rounded, grey ; second segment
barred with a chocolate line, third and fourth most conspicuously with broad
blotched chocolate bands, and a smaller similar bar crosses the back of the anal
extremity. The pupa is very thick, almost ovate, the limb-covers smooth and
compact, glossy ; the antenna-covers also glossy, faintly cross-ribbed ; wing-covers
dull, with abundant cross-wrinkles, which are thickly sculptured with minute
roughnesses : the nervures visible, rather raised ; segments glossy, the dorsal much
dotted with minute pitting, the abdominal thinly furnished with fine prostrate short
hairs, which are scattered generally and not placed in tufts. Whole surface light
chestnut-red, except the anal segment which is darker, very bluntly rounded,
showing hardly any sign of a cremaster, but furnished with short hooked bristles
in a broad mass. Cocoon tough, composed of loose whitey-brown silk, and not very
opaque ; spun up among leaves or rubbisli.]

Phyllalia concolor. Walk. — " These moths were, most of them, found dead along
the road to Nggeleni. It was very curious ; there had been a sharp wind, and as we
came driving over a hill-top Edwai'd said, ' There is one of those moths.' I jumped
out and picked it up, dead, from the middle of the road ; then we spied another •
then we looked about sharply, and saw them in the thin trodden grass, or more
often on the footpath along the side of the road. One which I found in the "rass
was alive but sluggish. We only found them on one side of a long hill, though we
looked carefully. We have also found larvae, and I have reared two and send them
with their cocoons, and some dead and dried caterpillars."

£ E 2

288 [November, 1901.

[Of the moths found dead some are in quite good condition ! This is a
Lasiocampid, larger than our Lasiocamjpa quercus, wholly of a shining light red-
dish-brown. The curious shrunken dried up larvte have the head shining orange-
brown, with the face paler ; and the body red-brown, densely covered with hair of the
same colour, that of the lateral and abdominal regions short, but that of the back
very long, thick, and sloping a little backwards. The pupa, like that of the last
species, is thick and almost ovate, the limb-covers very closely and evenly packed,
the antenna-covers short, evenly and regularly barred with the pectinations ; covers
of the wings minutely granulated and sculptured with fine irregular cross-lines ; the
segments scarcely roughened, but strongly ridged at the edges ; the anal segment
completely rounded behind and i-oughened with a broad area of minute prominences ;
this portion is nearly black, the general colour dark purple-brown. The cocoon
soft, but thick and densely lined with the long hairs of the larva. Spun up at the
surface of the ground, and thickly covered with morsels of earth or other debris.']

Chilenafuniosa, Hampson, n. sp. — " The caterpillar was very curious, with long
spikes of hairs shooting out among shorter hairs ; a handsome creature with long
red stripes extending down the back, and along each side from the head to the anal
prolegs ; feeding on Mimosa. We only obtained the moth at lighted windows.''

[No figure of this larva has reached rae ; but a number of cocoons with empty
pupa skins. The pupa is rather cylindrical, the anal segment but little smaller
than the rest, and very bluntly rounded, smooth and devoid alike of cremaster and
bristles ; the general surface is rather dull from excessively minute granulations
rather than any sculpture ; rich purplish-red. The cocoon narrow, fusiform, but
with the ends blunt, dirty white, and almost of the texture of tough paper. The
eggs barrel-shaped, laid in clusters or strings on the leaflets and leaf stalks of
Mimosa.]

Chilena p7'ompta,Wn\k. — " The larva was found on Mimosa bushes, and fed up
on the same. I send a sketch of it. The moth comes occasionally to light at a
window in wet weather."

[The larva as figured is of very striking appearance. The head grey-black, the
dorsal region olive-brown, with abundant short tufts of brown and white hairs ;
the ventral region grey-black, with the short liairs yellowish-white ; but the striking
features are the long tufts, one on each side of the head, long, slender, black, tipped
with white, curved, and resembling a pair of antennae ; on the thoracic segment^s two
more pairs, thicker and hardly so long, black with white tips, diverging and sur-
rounded with thick tufts of white hairs ; just beyond these a pair of white tufts
long and oblique; on the ninth segment another pair ; and on the anal segment a
long, black, centi-al, oblique tuft, tipped with white, and surrounded by several short
tufts ; spiracles brilliantly white. It was found necessary to draw this larva on
coloured paper, or the white, which is so conspicuous in it, would not have been
brought out. The pupa is very similar to that of the last species ; not quite so
cylindrical, its surface more silky, and showing faint traces of powdery dusting ; the
anal segment equally round and devoid of structure ; the general surface similarly
without sculpture ; but the edges of the segments more ridged. The cocoon
whitey-brown, of the same tough papery consistence, but witli a little external loose
silk ; attached to a twig of Mimosa].

Docetnber, 19U1]. 289

Oduiituckeilopterj/x sobria, Walk.— " Wi.' scavccly evcv sec this species out of
doors, but it comes to tlie windows on damp nights. Edward found a large cluster
of insignificent looking, rather hairj, whitish caterpillar^ on the under-side of the
trunk of a bending tree in the shrubbery. He called me and 1 secured them —
such a host— I had to put tliem into three cardboard boxes; thej fed on Mimosa,
but soon spun up, some on the Mimosa either singly or clustered together, others on
the bos. The moths emerged two or three at a time, and would hide themselves so
cleverly that it was diiBcult to see them, and they would often get overlooked; theu
tliey would bang themselves about in the box and soon knock their scales off. To
get any of them nearly perfect I am obliged to examine the boxes several times a
day ; indeed, I have watched carefully, and think that they must begin to beat about
very soon after emerging from the pupa. I do not understand why the moths come
out so small, for the caterpillars have been plentiful and rather finer this year."

[This is indeed a restless species ; it is not naturally very thickly clothed with
scales, but almost every male bears some traces of its knocking about, and some
are reduced to mere shadows, the wings nothing but membrane. The females are
a little better. The moth evidently is small in proportion to its larva — those taken
at the windows do not seem to be larger than those reared ! The larva, which it has
been necessary to draw on coloured paper, seems to be light brown, but almost en-
tirely covered with tufts of white hairs of moderate length, mixed with some tufts of
more obscure bi'own and grey ; on the second, fifth and anal segments are more erect
and rather longer loose tufts of more distinctly brown hairs, and longer white tufts
lie prostrate both in front and behind ; indeed, there is a tendency to the prostrate
form of lateral tufts so well known in the genus Gastropacha. The pupa very
closely resembles tho^e of the two species of Chilena just described ; cylindrical,
tJie anal segment very fully rounded and without structure ; the surface dull, rather
as though shagreened, purple-brown, more red-brown behind. Cocoon almost cy-
lindrical, dirty white, very tough, and when cut open very closely resembling, in
structure and strength, and also in the silky inner surface, the inside of a dried
kidney-bean pod].

Taragama poJydora, Feld. — " The larva was found upon black wattle, an intro-
duced Australian tree ; we have been unable to meet with it again, and thei*e was
not time to figure it ; the moth appears to be rare."

[The pupa is very much refunded in front and also behind; the limb-covers
flattened and closely packed ; the antenna covers very broad for half their length,
then suddenly narrow, finely sculptured with the cross markings of the pectinations ;
wing covers dull from minute granulations; all these portions purple-brown ; dorsal
segments dark red-brown, coarsely pitted ; abdominal segments shining, red-brown,
very finely and sparingly clothed with minute hairs ; anal segment rounded and
more thickly sprinkled with fine bristles. The cocoon is rather large and tough, of
irregular form and thin texture, fixed to twigs bj' a slight exterior webbing of
thin silk. This pretty graceful Lasiocampid belongs to the slender group of which
the beautiful iSpanish Megasoma repanda is the only European exponent. It is
somewhat allied to Gastropacha'].

{Tu be continued).

0Q() [December,

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ICHNEUMONID.
BY T. A. MARSHALL, F.E.S.

A rather large black leliiieumonid with long ovipositor, taken in
tlie Forest of Moute d'Oro, Cortiica, by Col. Zerbury in 1893, has
been for some years in Mr. Bignell's collection. It is worthy of
special notice as a new form, remarkable for the incrassation of the
front tibiae, a character not entirely unknown in the group of Xorides,
or even in that of Cryptus, but nowhere developed to the same extent
as in the present instance, so far as I am aware. It belongs to Forster's
genus Nyxeopliilus, placed by that author among his Cryptoidce, but
wanting several of the characters necessary to maintain it in that
situation. It is now better arranged by Ashmead in his tribe Xori-
dini, and in close proximity to Echthrus, with which it has a nearer
connection than with the Cryptus-gYO\x\). As the genus has received
no further illustration than the synoptical indications of Forster and
Ashmead, and is probably quite unknown, it may be useful to add
such characters as may conduce to its more easy identification in
future. The specimen is now before me, kindly lent by Mr. Biguell,
to whom I had expressed my desire to bring it forward at the forth-
coming scientific conference at Ajaccio, Sept. 8 — 1-i.

Genus NYXEOPHILUS.

Forster, Synops. der Fam. u. Gatt. d. Ichn., p. 187.

Ashmead, Classif. of the Ichn. -Flies, p. 60.
$ . Head transversely subquadrate above, somewhat buccate posteriorly, as
broad as the thorax. Clypeus very small, remote from the mandibles, and not
closing the mouth. Antennae slender, filiform, rather longer than head and thorax.
Parapsidal furrows deep, ending in a fovea before reaching the scutellum. *Meta-
thorax with a small triangular areola superomedia, narrowly connected with a larger
subcircular posteromedia. An abbreviated carina on either side, just above the
spiracle, reaches neither the base nor the apex. Spiracles subcircular. Only one
transverse carina, circular, and near the apex, separates the disc of the metathorax
from the posterior declivity, which is very small. Areolet large, pentagonal (as in
Echthrus and many Cryptids) ; praebrachiaj cell a little longer than the pobrachial ;
dividing nervure between 1st cubital cell and 1st discoidal commenced in form of a
stump ; pobrachial transverse nervure of hind-wing broken above the middle. Fore-
legs short, their femora bent, compressed, and iucrassated, attenuated towards the
apex ; tibiae about half as long as the tarsi, attenuated near the base, with a con-
spicuous pyriform intumescence occupying more than the apical half ; 1st joint of

* Micro-Anatuniy teaches that the so-called metathorax is in reality the first segment of the
abdomen, and tliat its naniu should be changed aocoi'dingly. The change, however, would prove
so highly inconvenient, throwing out of gear so many thousands of existing descriptions, that
any one may well hesitate t(j adopt it. It will be better to retain the old word, to be read with
a silent consciousness that it does not mean what it says.— T. A. M.

1901.]

291

tarsi elongate, linear, straight; 2ii(l— 4.tli short; 5th still shorter; claws minute,

incrassated at the base, without pectination, somewhat bristly at the base. Four

posterior legs normal. Spurs 2, 2, 2, those of the fore tibite very short. Abdomen

subsessile, longer than the thorax ; segment

1 with a broad shallow channel throughout

its length ; spiracles placed, as in Cryptus,

behind tlie middle. Terebra somewhat shorter

than the body, its valves broad, flattened.

Male unknown. For the sake of brevity I

omit some generalities as to form and_/acje*,

which will easily be estimated from the

figure.

The above description was written
before I had examined Mr. Ashmead's
work. Upon comparing it subse-
quently with his description of Nyxeo-
philus, some slight discrepancies
appear, but not I think sufficient to
necessitate the formation of another
new genus. The NyxeopMlus of Ash-
mead, founded, I presume, upon
American types, has a second transverse carina on the metathorax,
and the spiracles oval ; while the spiracles of the 1st abdominal
segment are placed " at or a little before " the middle. Forster is
silent about these characters. The old genera before Forster were,
as is well known, vastly too comprehensive and indefinite ; those of
modern date often present the contrary detect of being too exclusive.
It frequently happens that a new species, respecting the natural affi-
nities of which there could be no doubt, cannot, for want of certain
technical characters, enter any of the artificial genera which crowd
the subject. The readiest way out of this difficulty is to make another
new genus, of course with only one species ; and so the evil goes on
increasing ad infinitum.

Nyxeophilus coesicus, n. sp.

Entirely black, except the fore legs, which are yellowish-brown, darker towards
the base and apex. Antennte with a white ring. Wings glaucous ; nervures dark
brown ; stigma narrowly lanceolate, elongate, blackish, with a minute whitish dot
at the base. Body hardly shining. Metathorax and hind coxse coriaceus, dull.
Length, 7'5 lines ; tei'cbra, 6 ; exp. of wings, 13 lines.

I have no information of the history of this insect, nor of the
circuuistauces of its capture in this island. It has not been met with
a second time. The scarcity of Ichiieumonidce and Braconidce in

292 [December,

Corsica lias often forced itself on my attention, and remains un-
accountable, considering the great abundance of other insects. The
role of these parasites seems to be transferred in a great measure to
the Diptera {Tacliinidce), which show themselves evei'ywhere in un-
usual numbers.

Villa dclla Croce, Ajaccio :

August 21171, 1901.

FURTHER NOTES ON THE GENUS HETEROMYZA, Fln.
BY J. £. COLLIN, F.E.S.

Herr P. L. Czernj^ of Badhall, Ober-ffisterreich, informs me in a
recent letter that he has seen the type of Zetterstedt's Anthomyza
rotundicornis, which, though a true Heteromyza, is not the same as my
species of that name (Ent. Mo. Mag , 1901, p. 110) ; he states that
it has the face very narrow, being even narrower than in my figure
of H. atricornis, in which character it agrees with the two British
males I described, but he does not say if the front facets of the eyes
are dilated in Zetterstedt's species.

Zetterstedt's A. rotiondicornis is therefore more probably my H.
atricornis, and his description bears this out, for though he says,
'^ JFro77s * * toia Jiilvrr," a line before he says, " Orhifee angustce,
alhcd^'' and his remark, ''^ Epistomn * * nee infra oculos descendens ;
sub antennis angustissimum,'''' applies better to S. atricornis than to
my second species.

Meade's P. rotundicornis was described from specimens in Dale's
collection, and specimens sent by Dale to Verrall were the same as
my H. rotundicornis, which stood in the Verrall collection under the
name H. atricornis, Mg.

I cannot accept the wnm^ fil if ormis, Dsv., for my species, as one
of Desvoidy's characters for his genus Thelida (type Jiliformis) was
the narrowed face, and therefore his species was more probably H.
atricornis. I very much doubt now if either of Macquart's species,
H. cinerella and H. scutellata, belong to this genus at all, as probably
one of them represents Tephroclilamijs rufiventris, a species which he
must have known, and at any rate his S. cinerella, described as
" Semblable a V atricornis. Abdomen d'un noir ui] pen grisatre ; bord
posterieur des segmens et anus fauves (^ ? ," can hardly be my H. ro-
tundicornis. It appears to me therefore that a new name is necessary
for the species which I have called H. rotundicornis, and which has

1901.] 293

probably always been confounded with H. oculata, Fin., and I there-
fore give it the name H. commixta. The synonymy of the three
species would therefore now read as follows: —

ATEICOENIS, Mg., Mcq., Lw., Glrsch.,
Stroll, Coll.

filiformis, Dsv.
vespertilionea, Dsv.
rotundicornis, Ztt.
Delarouzei, Biy.

occulata, Schin.

-,■ T, J I ? acutellata, Men., Mg

diver sa, Rnd. > j > ^

COMMIXTA, nov. nom.
? cinerella, Mcq.
oculata, Hal., Mde.
rotundicornis, Mde., Coll. (pi.),
atricornis, J^err.

OCTTLATA, Fin., Mg., Mcq., Ztt., Coll.
? sciitellata, Mcq.
magnicornis, Lw.

Sussex Lodge, Newmarket :

October 26th, 1901.

RE-DISCOVERY OF AGRYPNETES CRASSICORNIS, McLAcn.

BV ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.

With reference to my notes at ante p. 270, I have this day re-
ceived from Prof. Sahlberg a female of A. crassicornis, with the
information that one was taken near Helsingfors last summer by Herr
Weurlandes, a student in the Museum there, and that on searching
over the insects placed in the Museum as Agrypnia Pagetana two
further females were found (one of which is presented to me), which, in
their unexpanded condition, had been overlooked by myself, and by
those who examined the collection in Finland. The resemblance is
very considerable, and the antennae are much finer than in the ^J. It
has the same short thick palpi as in the ^ , and the middle legs are
more dilated than in that sex. The apex of the abdomen is different.
A full account with figures will be published in Finland.

Lewisliam, London :

November 12th, 1901.

NOTE ON THE GENUS LECANIODIASPIS, Taeg.

BY E. ERXESr GREEN, F.E.S., Government Entomologist, Ceylon.

Lecanodiaspis, Signoret, " Essai sur les Cochenilles," p. 173, pi. vii,

fig. 6.
Prosopopliora, Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., vol. iii, August, 1892,

p. 207, pi. iii, fig. 1.
I have been unable to consult the original description of the
genus, as defined by Targioni-Tozzetti. It will be noted that Signoret

29 i

[Doccmbor,

omits the first "i" in liis notes of the genus. Subsequent writers
have ai^reed to correct this spelliuLi;. in accordance with its derivation
from the name Lecnnium.

Prof. Cockerell appears to have been the first to recognise the
old genus Lecnniodiaspis in Mr. Douglas's later genus Prosopoplwra.

Lecaniodtaspis (Prosopophora) dendrobii, Douglas.
Having occasion to examine specimens of this insect (apparently
part of the original material from Demerara, from Mr. Newstead's

collection), I find that the five
pairs of perforated discs are situ-
ated on the dorsum, not on the
iinder-surface, as described by Mr.
Douglas. In none of my examples
have I been able to find the anterior
triangular series of similar discs
mentioned in the original descrip-
tion. The marginal blunt spines
are three (sometimes four) on each
side ; the first and second corres-
ponding in position to the stigmatic
spines of Lecnnium ; the third almost midway between them. When
a fourth is present, it is a reduplication of the first. The chitinous
arch above the anal ring is not quite accurately figured or described.
It is not an even band, but is deeply emarginate on its posterior edge,
and there is a dense chitinous plate on the inner margin of each anal
lobe (see figure), the two plates meeting and becoming confluent above
the anal cleft.

BiRcniPPiA, Green, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. vi,
November, 1900, p. 450.
Prof. Cockerell has kindly drawn my attention to the fact that
this genus is distinctly Lecaniodiaspid. Comparison with Lecnniodi-
aspis dendrobii and other allied species makes it quite certain that
this is so ; in fact, I can now see no good generic difference between
Birchippia and Lecaniodinspis itself. The structure of the anal ring,
the blunt lateral spines, the peculiar form of the spinnerets and ducts,
are all typical. The perforated discs on the dorsum, though small
and inconspicuous in Birchippia, can be located. Under these cir-
cumstances I am of opinion that the genus Birchippia should be
considered a synonym of Lecnniodiaspis. The species will ai)parently
remain good. 'I'he smooth test, without polygonal depressions or

1901.] 295

markings, distinguishes it from other described species. The name
anomala (given under a misapprehension of the systematic position of
the insect) is certainly inappropriate. There is nothing really anoma-
lous about the species ; but having been once applied, the laws of
zoological nomenclature necessitate its retention.

Peradeniya, Ceylon :

October Uh, 190l.

THE TWO METHODS OF DETERMINING DIPTERA.
BY C. U. OSTEN SACKEN.

For the purpose of recognising a Dipteron (and perhaps most
other Insects) in one, or more descriptions, two different methods
may be used, one of which may be called the metliod of comparison,
and the other the method of vifiualization.

The method of comparison is the ordinary one, when the specimen
to be determined is held up, and compared in every detail with the
description. In using this method, one is often bewildered by dis-
crepancies, especially when the description is long. The method of
visualization consists in examining the specimen first, and impressing
its principal features upon one's memory, so as to be capable of
visualizing it in its absence. The next step is to read the description
(or descriptions when there are several), and, while doing it, to build
up the described insect in one's imagination. Thus a mental image is
produced in which the species to be determined can easily be recognised,
even in the absence of the specimen. After having thus selected a
description apparently answering the specimen to be determined, the
description is read for a second time with the specimen in hand ; and
this second reading enables one to decide whether the discrepancies
are important, or not, and, in the latter case, to accept the identifi-
cation.

The method of visualization is quicker and surer than the other,
and, with it, I have sometimes succeeded in deciphering Walker's
sometimes long, but unmeaning descriptions. In the following instance
the advantage of the method of visualization was unmistakably
proved.

Loew had prepared a preliminary list of American Dasypogonina,
in which the species known to him were distributed among his new
genera. Some of Walker's and other unrecognisable specific de-
criptions were enumerated in this list under the heading Dasypogon
(in the widest sense). Loew challenged what he callcil my porspi-

29G [DccenilDcr,

cacity ("ihreii Scharfsiiin "),in unravelling some of Walker's species
of the latter group. I find my identifications (which Loew accepted)
enumerated in a letter of mine of October 9th, 1874, of which 1
reproduce the corresponding passage : " The species of Dasj/pogon
which you left to my perspicacity to determine I have subjected to a
critical scrutiny. Dnsyp. ritfescens, Macq., is very probably Diogmites
discolor, Lw. ; Macquart has overlooked the spurs of the front tibise.
D. Fnlto, AV^alk., is Cyrtopogon chrysopogon, Loew ; in Walker's
description you must read face for front. D. Macerinus, Wk.,
wretchedly described, seems to be your Aiiisopogon gibhus. Finally,
D. Liitntius, Wk., is the species which, in my last invoice, T sent you
under No. 45S, &c. This last species is introduced into my Catahigue
of 187S, p. G9, as Cyrtopogon Lufatms, Walk. ; the other species will
be found in their places as probable synonyms of Loew's correspond-
ing species."

The faculty of visualization is quite indispensable for a respon-
sible entomologist to possess, and it would be expedient, I think, to
examine aspirants for appointments in Museums in regard to it, just
as candidates for railway-service are examined for colour-vision.
Heidelberg : September 12th, 1901.

MOSQUITO SWARMS EESPONSIVE TO SOUNDS.
BY C. R. OSTEN SACKEN.

A communication from Jamaica, published in " Nature," October
17th, p. 607, about mosquitos being " responsive to certain sounds,
such as a continuous whoop or hum," reminds me of a somewhat
similar communication which I received from a naturalist in Cuba
during my visit there in 1858.

While standing in the midst of a swarm of mosquitos, and
listening to the sound of some musical instrument in the vicinity, it
has been noticed that each time w^hen the note A {la) resounds, the
swarm is pervaded by a tremor which the listener remarks through a
number of mosquitos coming in simultaneous and momentary contact
with his head.

Although I have not had occasion to verify this observation
myself, I published a short notice of it in the " Stettiner Entomolo-
gische Zeitung," 18GI, p. 52, under the heading, " Miickenschwarme
and Musik."

Heidelberg, Germany :

INovemher 2nd, 1901.

1901.] 297

Papilio Machaon, L., taken in Hampshire. —In the July number {ante, p.
172) of (liis M:ig!izine T reporlpfl having taken on May 25tli last a specimen of this
butterfly in my garden, and expressed an opinion it might have been an escape or
intentionally turned out. From enquiries since made, I find a gentleman did turn
some out a few days previously in his garden, which is about a mile distant, so most
probably my specimen came from there, the weather being very fine and direction
of wind favourable at the time. I am further informed this was not done with any
idea of introducing P. Machaon into the district, but for the pleasure of seeing this
fine butterfly on the wing. — Fukd. C. Adams, Fern Cottage, Lyndhurst : Novem-
ber, 1901.

Larva: of Sphinc, convo/vuli on IToIi/ Island, Northumberland. — A fnll grown
larva of Sphin.e convolmli was found on August 7th, 1901, on Holy Island (off the
coast of Northumberland, b^'tvveen Bamburgh and Berwick-upon-Tweed). Wiien
taken, it was crawling across a road which separated a potato field, where much
Convolvulus was growing, from a garden in which there was a profusion of the large
white Convolvulus. I showed it to a man who has for years collected on the Island,
where he has always lived, and he assured me he had never met with it there before.
The specimen I obtained was in beautiful condition ; I sent it for identification to
Dr. Sharp, F.R.S., at Cambridge, who then forwarded it to Dr. T. A. Chapman, at
Reigate ; inifortunately the creature was damaged on its travels, and, as it began to
pupate, it became useless as a specimen. However, I had previously taken the
following description of it :— In length it measured 4 inches, and was broad in pro-
portion, its diameter being about f of an inch. It was the same bright " sage "
green on the dorsal as well as on the ventral surfaces, marked laterally with oblique
black stripes ; the spiracles were rendered very conspicuous by being situated each
in the centre of a black spot ; the legs, too, were quite black and glossy. The
surface of the body was uniformly smooth, but the skin was dull, and not polished ;
the segments of the body were well defined, tlie ringing being deep and distinct,
with numerous intermediate rings, which, however, were incomplete on the ventral
surface. The larva was almost of uniform girth, but tapered slightly at the anterior
end, the head itself being small and green, with black stripes vertically; the last
segment was also somewhat reduced. The last segment but one carried a long
powerful horn or spike, pointed at the tip and strongly curved backwards over the
anal flap; this horn, in striking contrast to the green of the body, was of a bright
orange-red colour, tipped with black. The "tout ensemble " was very handsome.

On September 30th another specimen was found on the Island, but as I had
left by then it was sent to Cambridge. This individual was in the pupal state, and
was found in the soil. It was 2j- inches in length, and very broad at the anterior
end, but tapering very considerably posteriorly. Its colour was bright brown, rather
dark except on the wing-covers, which were of a much lighter shade ; these covers
reach along two-thirds of total length of the body. The proboscis was dark, and
about an inch long, almost half its length being I'ccurved and bent on itself against
the ventral surface of the thorax ; it ended in a blunt rounded knob. The curious
and highly characteristic arrangement of notches was plainly visible on the sides of
those segments of the abdomen which are situated in such a position that they
become subjected to great strain of curvature when the pupa indulges in its very

29S [Decembor,

active wriggling movemonts. Those lateral notches prevent the pupa from rupture
by bending too far on one side -the noteh acts as a sort of restraining cog by
catching against the segment immediately in front of it. They are situated in front
of the spiracles, and are formed of hard concentric ridges, shelving out one above
the other ; this constitutes a sort of lip or brow against which the contiguous
segment catches firmly. As far as I can ascertain it is a purely mechanical struc-
ture, which admirably meets the requirements of the case. — Alice L. Embleton,
Balfour Laboratory, Cambridge : October 22nd, 1901.

Larvce of Sphinx conoolvuli in Scotland. — Caterpillars of the Convolvulus
Hawk-Moth have this year been found in two localities in Scotland, namely, at
Kirkiebi'ide in Kirkcudbrightshire, whence Mr. R. Service, of Dumfries, had three
on August 21st, and at Dunbar in East Lothian, were two were got (one of them by
myself) on September 10th and 11th, as fully recorded in " Annals Scot. Nat.
Hist " for October, pp. 238 and 239. The moths themselves have been obtained
in various parts of the country, specimens from the counties of Elgin, East Lothian,
Midlothian and Kirkcudbright having come under my notice. Larvae of the Death's
Head Hawk-Moth (A. Atropos) seem also to have been more in evidence than
usual ; I have had four from near Dunbar and one from Dumfries, and have lieard
of others. — William Evans, 38, Morningside Park, Edinburgh : Nov. 7th, 1901.

Sphinx vonvolvuli in the Isle of Wight. —It may interest your readers to know
of the captures of S. coniwlvuli here in a short space of time. Single specimens
turned up during September in verandahS; summerhouses, &c. ; and at the close of
the month I heard that the insect visited tobacco plants {Nicotiana afflnis) in
gardens at Bembridge in some quantity, and so watched a border of flowers here —
tobacco plants, petunias, Phlox Drummondi, &c. The result was as follows : --
September 27th, saw 3, took 2 ; 28th, 2—1 ; 30th, 2—2; October 1st, 3—2 ; 2nd,
4—3 ; 3rd, 3 — 1 ; 4th, 2—1 ; 5th, 2—2 ; 7th, 1—0. After October 7th the weather
became cold and wet, and it was no use looking for the insect ; they came just at
dusk, and were a beautiful sight. I saw three at one time on October 2nd, and in a
garden at Bembridge eight were said to have been seen at once. Those which I
took were mostly fair, and some of them very good specimens ; the females wore
slightly more abundant than the males. Had I begun to look after theui earlier I
could probably have taken 7nany more had I wished to do so, since, as I said, the
moth had been out for sorric time. Some others were seen and taken in a garden
near that in which I took my fourteen specimens at much the same time. — C. W.
Fox, Heathlands, Sandown, Isle of Wight : November 4th, 1901.

Sphinx convolvuli in North Devon. — This insect has been uncommon here this
year as in 1898. It was interesting to hold a flower of the white tobacco in one's
hand and see two moths actually fight for access to it ! {of. Ent. Mo. Mag., Dec,
1898, p. 278).— G. B. Longstaff, Twitchen, Mortehoe, R.S.O. : October 6th, 1901.

Sphinx convolvuli at Folkestone. — About the last week in August I had a large
chrysalis handed to me which I took to be Acherontia Atropos. I put it in moss
and placed it in a warm position on the kitchen mantlepicce, keeping it carefully
damped. On September 20th tlie moth emerged, and proved to be -S. convolvuli.

1901.] 299

I was unrler the impression that this ino'.h did not breed in England, never having
heard of an instance. The chrysaHs was found in a heap of moukl in a garden, and
there was plenty of bindweed about. I liave heard of two other instances of pupae
being found in this neighbourhood. — W. G. JuDGK, 13, East Cliffe Gardens, Folke-
stone : November 4th, 1901.

[It is unusual for the larvae or pnpteof S. convolvuli to be found in this country ;
but such occurrences have been many times recorded. Probably never before in
such numbers as in 1901. Yet the parents of these larvee did not place themselves
en evidence. — Eds.].

T'olucella zonaria on a Channel boat. — A specimen of this fly was taken at the
end of last June by Mr. Horace Darwin as it was buzzing about on the boat between
Calais and Dover. He has presented it to the University Museum of Zoology. —
F. Jenkinson, 10, Brookside, Cambridge : October I6th, 1901.

St/rphidce at Cambridfje in 1001. — In my garden here (80 by 20 feet) upwards
of 42 species of Syrphida have occurred to myself or my housekeeper, Miss A.
Allai'd, who lias proved herself lo be a clover collector. I will only mention Varagus
tibialis, Cnemodon, what seems to be Orthoneura brevicornis (one on October 10th),
Didea fasciata (one on September 26th), S. tricinctiis (one on August 11th), cinctus ;
X. ornatum (two), M. equestris (about a dozen), Chrys. cauttim and C. festivum. —
Id.

Fachygaster Leaclii, &c., at Cambridge. — P. Leachi was common in my garden
through July ; the last I saw was on August Stii. It frequents the under-sides of
leaves. Miss Allard found it equally common at Newlyn, Paul, Mousehole, and
Scilly. 0( P. ater slie took a single specimen in my garden on July 17th. At
Lyndhurst I took a single male of P. meromelas about July 3rd. — Id.

The gender of Fachygaster, cfc.—Mv. Austen says (ayite p. 241) " since gaster
is feminine, we must of course write Fachygaster meromelcena," &c., and in a letter
I received from him he says, " It is a well known rule of zoological nomenclature
that in the case of a genus, the name of which is compounded of an adjective and
a substantive, the specific name, if an adjective, ohall agree in gender with the
substantive." I accept his statement, but I am very sorry to hear it. The " rule,"
besides being entirely illogical, is a violation of Greek usage. Fachygaster is an
adjective, and can only correctly be made feminine by understanding a feminine
substantive, such as musca or myia. Its gender cannot be affected by the gender of
gaster.* With such words as Cnemodon, Merodon, and merometas before me, it may
seem inconsistent to object to any barbarism. But no one, as far as I know, would
defend them as correct, anymore than hippopotamus, " from hippos, a river, and
potamus, 'orse," as the showman said. — Id.

Idia lunata at Cambridge, and elsewhere. — I have secured five specimens this
year. I took one female at Hindon, near Salisbury, on August 30th. Males oc-
curred at Lyndhurst, June 26th ; Paul, July 26th (Miss Allard) ; Cambridge,

* Mr. McLachlan has referred me to Ent. Mo. Mag., v, pp. 2:^6, 237, where this pohit was
dealt with clearly and conclusively hy the Rev, T. A. Marshall so long ago as 1S69.

300 [December,

September 15th ; Cambridge, September 25th (Miss Haynes). Nearly all were on
flowers of Cumpoxitre ; they sit with the wings overlapping, and so have a pointed
look behind. It is an odd looking insect. — Id.

Trigonometoptis fro)ifalix near Newburi/. — I found this species fairly common
among sedge, &c., at West Woodhay, in April and September. Whether it is an
autumn species that hibernates I do not know. [Since this was written I notice
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 212) that Mr. Morley took the insect at Ipswicli in Sep-
tember and March].— Id.

Aeletoxenus syrphoides, Frauenf., at Cambridge. — On July 14th five specimens
occurred in my garden of a very lovely fly, which I could not find in Walker's
Diptera. The first was noticed by my housekeeper, who called me to catch it ; the
others were taken by myself and by my parlourmaid, who has become infected with
our enthusiasm. On July 19th I caught another, and took it over alive to New-
market, wliere it was at once identified by Mr. Collin, who has kindly consented to
write a description of it, and to do what he can to clear up the tangled synonymy.
The plate which will accompany his paper was sketched by Mr. Edwin Wilson from
a living specimen. Four more occurred on July 21st (one flying, obvious when on
the wing) and following days, and one on August 10th.— Id.

Note on EristaJis tenax in New Zealand. — On July 5th, or a fortnight past
mid-winter's day at the Antipodes, Mr. Dyherberg, manager of the Ashburton
brickyards, sent me a box containing twenty-seven individuals of this cosmopolitan
Dipteron, which he found hibernating together in a cliink in a clay bank when
breaking it down preparatory to making bricks. The direction of the clay bank is
from east to west, and it is exposed to the hot autumn sun which causes it to contract
somewhat, and form small fissures, while it is on the drier and warmer sides of the
yards during winter. I have occasionally observed this remarkable Dipteron hiber-
nating under the eaves of dwelling and out-houses, but never gregariously. There
is a small area of stagnant swamp on the property adjoining the yards, which is
used as a domestic duck farm. The larvse are numerous in the stagnant water and
mud of the swamp throughout the summer and autumn, which accounts for their
presence hibernating in considerable numbers in the brickyards during the winter.
After a chilly, damp summer, the month of May and first half of June were
remarkably fine, and E. tenax was very numerous in this district. On June 2nth
the weatiier became wet, with cold light frosty nights, which has continued more or
less up to the present time. These insects suddenly disappeared when the weather
became cold, and have not as yet left their winter retreat.

Since the foregoing was written delightful spring days, with a shade tempera-
ture of 65° to 70° began on the 24th, wliich induced these interesting Diptera to
leave their winter quarters. To-day I observe them abundant on the white flowers
of the Laurustinus. — W. W. Smith, Ashburton, N. Z. : August 30th, 1901.

Tarsostenus univittatus, Rossi, and Lyctus brunneus, StepTi., at Hanoich. — I
have been asked by the Rev. Guy S. Whitaker to record the capture of the above
species at Harwich ; they were found in some small numbers boring into an old
box. The capture of Tar.so.sfenus is interesting, us it lias not occurred, as far as I

woi] 301

know, for a long tiiiio. It will bu rL'iiieinberecl, perhaps, that the late Mr. 8.
Stevens took Lyctus brun»eus on fresh oak palings at Upper Norwood in 1879, and
the two following years, in company with Tillus unifasciatus and Terefriiis picipes*
— W. W. FoWLEK, Peppard Rectory, Henley-on-Thames : November 7th, 1901.

New locality for Bembidium quadri pustulatum, Dej. — Early in June last I was
fortunate enough to find a single specimen of this rare beetle running over the
muddy banks of an almost dry ditch at Deal. I am indebted to the Rev. H. S.
Q-orham (who first discovered the species in this country in a marshy place at
Bearsted, near Maidstone) for confirming my identification of the insect ; he
informs me that a few examples are reported to have been taken since, but that he
has not seen them. Among my other captures made during the same day were
Apion sedi, of which I obtained several specimens at the roots of Sedum acre, in
company with Crypticus qiiisqiiilius, and a single Fanageeus quadripustulatus.
Ill a ditch in the rear of the sand hills Haliplus variegatus occurred, together with
H. obliquu-i, H. confiiiis, and R. JiavicoUis, whilst Gyrinus elongatus was to be
seen describing on the surface of the water the evolutions peculiar to its genus ; by
sluicing the banks, Dyschirius ceneits and Heteroveriis obsoletus were to be had in
abundance. — E. C. Bedwell, 25, Ossian Road, Stroud Green : November, 1901.

Mimesa Dahlbomi and other Aculeates in Scotland. — 'RQicrviug to my notes in
the Ent. Mo. Mag. for November and January last, I have this summer obtained
the following further additions to the list of Scottish Aculeates, namely : Mimesa
Dahlbomi, Wesm., two cJs taken near Polton, Midlothian, Juno 18th; Andrena
similis, Sm., a S taken near Kinghorn, Fife, May 4th ; Salius exalfatus. Fab., a ? ,
among some insects collected for me at Loch Awe, Argyleshire, in July, by Mr. R.
Godfrey. The specimens have been seen by Mr. Saunders. — William Evans, 38,
Morningside Park, Edinburgh : November 7th, 1901.

Odonata collected by Col. Yerbury in the south-went of Ireland in 1901. —
During his long sojourn in the extreme south-west of Ireland in the sunnner and
early autumn of 1901, Col. Yerbury collected about fifty examples of dragon-flies,
which he kindly handed over to me. I find ten species, and nothing very remark-
able from a general point of view ; but the local information is useful, because the
district is south and west of Killarney, which often forms the limit of the wander-
ings of tourist entomologists. The species and localities are : —

Libel lula quadrimaculata, L., Loo Bridge.

Orthefrum ccerulescen.i, F., Glengariff, Loo Bridge, Caragh Lake.

Sympetrum striolafum, Chp., Glengariff, Loo Bridge, Kenmare, Caragh Lake
Parknasilla.

JLschna juncea, L., Caragh Lake, Waterville, Staigue Fort, Valentia Island ;
one ? from each locality.

Calopteryx virgo, L., Glengariff.

Ischnura elegans, V. d. L., Glengariff, Cloonee, Waterville.

Enallagma cyathigerum, Chp., Glengariff, Cloonee, Parknasilla.

* According to Jacquelin Duv.al (Gen. Col., iii, p. IfO), T. nnivittatus preys upon the larvre
of Lyctui eanaliculatus. — G. C. C.

OQO [December,

A</riou jiiicl/a, Jj., Parknasillii ; one S only.

I't/rrkosoma nymphula, Sulz., Kenmarc, Watui'ville, Parknasilla.
Lestes sponaa, Hans., Kenmare, Watci'villc, Parknasilla. — R. McLaculan,
Lewisliam, London : Norember 3rd, 1901.

Hemerobiiia concinnus, rar. qnadrifasciatus. — As beai'ing on the question of
the identitj of these two forms or species {ante pp. 1()3 and 201), I may mention
that on June 23rd, 1804, I beat a few specimens of the " variety," in company with
plenty of the " type," at Wisley Pond, Surrey ; the exact locality being the tall fir
trees near the side of the pond opposite to that on which the Hotel stands. — C. A.
Briggs, Kock House, Lyn mouth, N. Devon : October \2th, 1901.

Neuroptera at Stornoivay. — I took advantage of Mr. McArtluir's proposed
entomological trip to Stornoway this season to ask him to keep for me any stray
Neuroptera that he came across, especially Ephemeridce and Trichoptera. I append
the results : —

Odonata. — Lihellula quadrimaculata, a nice scries ; the species was evidently
common, and of the usual Scottish type, but perhaps not so bright as some of the

Highland specimens. /E.schiia juncea, three specimens. Pyrrhosoma nym-

phula, a fine series, evidently common. Enallagma cyathigerum, twenty c? , but

only four ? ; the $ S showed variation in the form of the spot on the second

segment. Ischnura elegann, three $ and one $ , all rather small ; a somewhat

northern record for this species.

Tuichopteka. —Only eleven specimens in all, but one, Limnophilus elegans,

was a prize I had not expected from Stornoway. Phryganea varia,^ow a^Gci-

inens, rather lightly coloured. Limnophilus elegans, one specimen, but Mr.

McArthur thinks he had a few others which came to grief. L. marmoratus, three
specimens, showing some divergence from the type, especially in the more oblique

position of the inner whitish mai'kings in the middle of the wing. Steiiophylax

permistus, one specimen. Seriocostoma personatum, one specimen. — Hydropsyche

pelluciduiiis, one specimen, $ . — Id.

Peribalns venmlix in Suffolk. — Amongst a collection of Hemiptera I recently
received from iVIr. Claude Morley for naming I was delighted to find a specimen of
Peribalus vernalis, WolH'. Mr. Morley states that he took it on May 25tli this
year, on a young poplar tree in Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, " beaten in the after-
noon about three on a warm windless day." On the continent it is said to occur on
oak and birch, as well as on some low plants. The occurrence of this rare species
in Suffolk, so soon after the record of its appearance for the first time for many
years in Sussex (see Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxvi, p. 132), is particularly interesting
as showing the wide distribution of the species, notwithstanding its infrequent
occurrence. This appears to be the fourth recorded British specimen to which a
definite locality can be attached, though Saunders, in his " Hemiptera- Heteroptera
of the British Islands," mentions two others without locality. The other records
being from Weston-super-Mare, Cumberland, and Sussex, the insect may well be
looked for at places intermediate between these widely separated localities. Mr.
Morley has most kindly presented me with this very interesting addition to the
Hemipterous fauna of Suffolk.— E. A. Butler, 53, Tollington Park, N. : Novem-
ber 9th, 19U1.

1901] 303

Entomological Society of London : October 'Znd, 1901. — The Rev. Canon
W. W. FowLEE, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited a long series of Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr.,
from Albarracin, Spain, showing the remarkable sexual dimorphism of this
species. Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, on behalf of the Eev. H. S. Gorham, of
Shirley Warren, a specimen of Hister marginalus ; Mr Champion remarked that
the species had been taken by Mr. llarwood, at Colchester ; he also exhibited a
number of rare Coleoptera from the New Forest : — {a) T'elleius dilatatus, F., twelve
specimens, ten from one iiornot's nest in August, and the other two from two other
nests, caught in specially constructed traps, the largest ^ reaching the abnormal
length of 32 mm. ; (b) Anthaxia nitidula, L., twelve specimens taken in July, one
being of bluish colour ; (c) Agrilus sinuatux, 01., one, several others escaped — a
beetle not taken for many years ; {d) Agrilus viridis, L., a series from sallows in
August; (e) Pldti/dema violaceum, ¥., &ve specimens— a, species also not recorded
recently ; (/) Colydium elongatum, F., one specimen taken in the burrows of
Melasis buprestoides, and another in the burrows of Scolgttts intricatus. Mr.
Champion said that Plafgdenia had been taken about twenty years ago, while
Mr. George Lewis associated VeUeius with Cossiis, in Japan, and not with hornets.
Mr. C. P. Pickett, a series of varieties and aberrations of Lyccena Corydon taken
during August, 1901, at Dover, including two females with upper wings wholly
blue, dwarfs no larger than L. minima, and others (males) with under-sides
devoid of spots ; he also exhibited a, series of Angerona prunaria (bred June and
July, 1901), the results of four years' interbreeding, the coloration ranging, in the
females, from bright yellow with no bands to very dark with deep chocolate bands,
and in the males from plain intense orange with no bands to deep cliocolate with
bands, while one male assumed the coloration of tiie female. Prof. T. Uudsoii
Beare, a specimen of Medoii castaneus, Grav., taken in the water-net on April 22nd,
1901, at the edge of a pond in Richmond Park. Mr. A. Harrison, a series of
Amphidasys betularia bred from parents taken in the New Forest in 1900, in-
cluding twenty males and thirty-nine females, and six gynandromorphous specimens,
out of seven bred, one being a cripple. Mr. Tutt said it was very remarkable that
so many gynandromorphous specimens should have been secured from a single
brood. There appeared to be modification in the sexual organs corresponding with
external variation of the secondary sexual characters. Mr. Merrifield remarked
that the proportion of gynandromorphous forms in hybrid specimens was always
much larger. Mr. C. J. Gahan, a male specimen of Thamnotrizon cinereus, L., one
of the long-horned grasshoppers taken by Mr. F. W. Terry at Morden, near Wim-
bledon ; he called attention to a very interesting abnormality displayed by the
specimen in possessing two pairs of auditory organs instead of a single pair, the
second pair being situated on the tibiae of the middle legs in a position correspond-
ing with that of the normal pair on the fore-legs. Mr. F. Merrifield, a series of
Orgyia antiqua bred from pupse placed in a I'efrigerator five weeks, and then exposed
to a mean temperature of 48^ Fahr. Specimens thus treated were much darker
than types of those occurring in a natural state, some approaching in depth of
colouring to O. gonostigma. He also exhibited for comparison specimens from

30J- [December, 1901.

Siitlicrhinilsliirc lent. b_y Mr. C. Gr. Barrett, none of llieni however comparable in
darkness to tliosc obtained by his experiment ; and others from tlie collections of
Mr. A. Bacot (including four of the American species) and Mr. L. B. Front. Mr.
Tutt said tliat the limits of variation of onr own form were little known, and the
most northern examples, though the largest, were decidedly not the darkest. Mr.
R. South communicated a paper by the late Mr. J. H. Leech, B.A., entitled,
" Lepidoptera-Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea;" and Mr. G. C. Champion
contributed " Notes and Observations upon tlie sexual dimorphism of Buprestis
sanguinea."

October UUh, 1901.— Mr. E. Saunders, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

M. J. H. Fabre, of Serignan, Vaueluse, France, was elected an Honorary
Fellow of the Society ; and Mr. W. Sehaus, F.Z.S., of Treiitliam House, Twicken-
ham, an Ordinary Fellow.

Mr. C. Morlcy exhibited for the Eev. E. N. Bloomfield leaves of hornbeam
from Battle, and a photograph of leaves of sweet chestnut from Haslemere, rolled
by Attelahus curculionoides. The former were not rolled by reason of a scarcity of
their usual oak, which abounds in the locality. Mr. R. Adkin, a specimen of Pieris
Daplidice taken by him at Eastbourne on August 19th last; he said that the
insect was Hying strongly, and in that respect, and indeed in genci-al appearance,
resembled on the wing a pale female of Colias llyale. Mr. Rowland-Brown asked
if there were any records of recent date of the discovery of the larva in this
country, and with Mr. A. H. Jones corroborated the swift liabit of Hight in the
species. In the discussion upon immigrant species that lollowed, Mr. R. McLachlan
said that the recent observations of rapitin Mnchaon in various parts of the
country seemed to suggest immigration on the jiart of a species not usually regarded
as niigralory; he also said that he knew of no reliable evidence of the larva of
Pieris Daplidice having occurred on this side of the Channel. Mr. C;. P. Pickett,
a series of Melitaa Cinxia bred in June last from larvae taken in the Isle of Wight,
including light and dark varieties of the ? ? , one S with extra light upper wings,
and one <? with the lower wings almost black ; he also exhibited a series of Chcero-
campa elpenor bred in June last from larvae taken at Broxbourne in July, 1900,
including a variety of the (? with purplish lower wings, and another with purple
markings on the upper wings. The Rev. F. D. Slorice, specimens of Hedychrum
rutilans, Dhl., and Salius propinquus, Lep., taken at Lyndhurst by Miss Ethel
Chawner, and both new to the British list ; he also exhibited two monstrosities,
viz. : Allantus arcuatus, <? (sawfly), having on the left side two perfect and two
other rudimentary wings, and Gorytes quinquecinctus (fossor), with the abdominal
segments extraordinarily twisted out of their proper shape and places. Mr. E.
Saunders said that these specimens appeared to him identical with continental
propinquus, which was not rare in the south of Europe, where it was sometimes
black, and sometimes red, towards the middle of the abdomen, but that he thought
it could not be a variety of any other British species, as we have no species with a
rugose propodeum which could agree with it. Mr. Arthur M. Lea comnmnicated
" A list of the Australian and Tasmanian MordeUidce, with descriptions of new
species ;" and Mr. Edward Meyrick,B.A., F.Z.S., " Descriptions of new Lepldoptera
from New Zealand." Mr. E. Saunders then read a paper upon " Hymenoptera-
Aculeata collected in Algeria by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S., anil the Rev.
F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S., pt. i, Heterogyna and Fossor'^s, to the end of Pom-
pilidce." — H. Rowland-Brown, Eon. Sec.

END OF VOL. XII (Second Series).

INDEX.

(Jl)NTRlBUTORS 1

General Index ii

Special Index —

Coleoptera viii

Diptera viii

Heniiptera ix

Hymenoptera ix

page
Special Index (continued) —

Lepidoptora x

Neuvoptera xii

Orthoptera xii

Genera and Species new to Science xiii

,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Britain" xiv

Errata 4 xiv

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS

PAGE

Adams, P. C, P.Z.S. 74, 150, 172, 199,

212, 297

Andrews, Edward 124,268

Andrews, Henry VV., F.E.S 10

Austen, Ernest E 92,241

Bailey, J. Harold, M.B 171

Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., F.E.S 99, 121,

127, 199, 200

Barrett, C. G., V.-P.E.S 1:^6, 191, 284

Barrett, Frances 191,284

Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc, P.R.S.E...1, 99,

280

Bedwell, E. C, F.E.S 301

Bennett, W. H., F.E.S 98

Betliuue- Baker, G. T., F.L.S 227

Bignell, G. C, F.E.S... 8, 10, 49, 127, 171, 278

Birch, Frederick 51, 104, 176

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., F.E.S 43,

256, 276, 232

Bower, B. A., F.E.S 45

Bradley, R. C 9,259

Briggs, C. A., F.E.S 282,302

Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 302

Cameron, M., M.B., R.N 217

Carr, Prof. J. W., M.A., F.L.S 15

Carter, A.E.J 67,277

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S. ...18, 48, 90, 144, 171,
255, 270, 279

Chapman, T. Algernon, M.D., F.Z.S. .10, 62,
127, 130, 169, 195

Charbonnier, H. J 48

Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A 171

Collin, J. E., F.E.S 106,292

Dale, C. W., F.E.S ..13, 75, 199, 276

Dalglish, A. A., F.E.S 6

Day, F. H 225

Day, G. 0., F.E.S 76

Distant, W. L., F.E.S 71

PAGE

...228

Doncaster, L., B.A

Douglas, J. W., F.E.S 258

Durrant, J. Hartley, F.E.S. 169, 172, 189

Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S. ..13, 171,252,

275

Elgar, H 17,277

Embleton, Alice L 297

Evans, W., F.R.S.E 15, 17, 47,48, 126

298, 301

Evans, W. Edgar 276

Fowler, Rev. Canon VV. W., M.A., P.E.S..279,

301

Fox, C. W 298

Freer, R., M.B 10, 13

Fryer, H. F., F.E.S 100

Gahan, C. J., .M.A., F.E.S 24, 52

Gardner, VVilloughby, F.L.S. ...127, 166, 279

Giles, H., Lt.-Col., M.D., F.R.C.S 196

Goss, Herbert, F.L.S. .. 62, 58, 105, 129, 148,
155, 171, 227, 256, 258, 275

Green, E. Ernest, F.E.S 87,293

Hamm, A. H 16

Hampson, Sir G. F., Bart., F.Z.S 117

Henderson, Robert 113, 150

Hocking, Rev. J. H., M.A., F.E.S 68

Holland, W 17

Imms, A. D 148

Jenkinsou, F., M.A 299, 300

Johnson, Rev. W. P., M.A., F.E.S 15, 45,

73, 257, 277

Jones, A. Hugh, F.E.S 257, 258, 261, 275

Judge, W. G 298

King, J. J. P. X., F.E.S 226

Kirkaldy, G. W., F.E.S 217

Lewis, George, F.L.S 199

Longstaff, G. B., M.D., L.C.C 298

Luff, W. A 283

PAGE

McLachlan, R., F.R.S., &c. .39, 46, 78, 101,

128, 160, 162, 165, 227, 259, 270, 282,

293, 301

Malloch, J. R., 5, 33, 185, 258,259

Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A., F.E.S 290

Mathew, G. F., R.N., F.L.S 45

Meyrick, E., B.A., F.Z.S 168

Morice, Rev. F. D., M.A., F.E.S 4, 5, 53,

96, 141, 247, 278

Morlev, Claude, F.E.S. ...17, 16, 64, 142, 151
226, 249, 281

Morton, Kenneth J., F.E.S 24,69,146,

163, 222, 224

Nevinson, E. G. B , F.E.S 72

Newstead, Robert, F.E.S... 81

Osten Sacken, Baron C. R., Ph.D., F.E.S.,

etc. 40, 295, 296

Perkins, R. C. L., B.A 139, I'lo, 251, 264

Piffard, A., F.E.S 99

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 11, 46, 149, 201

Poulton, Prof. E. B., M.A., P.R.S., &c. ...205

Prout, L. B., F.E.S 36, 136

Reuter, Prof. 0. M 3

Rothney, G. A. James, F.E.S 150

Rowlaud-Brown, H., M.A., Sec E.S. ..52, 105,

129, 155, 204, 304

Saunders, Edward, F.L.S.. ..100, 167, 208,229,

239, 276, 278

PAGE

Sharp, D., M.A., M.D., F.R.S. ...37, 143, 280,

281

Smith, W. VV., F.E.S 300

Sopp, E. J. Burgess, F.E.S 275

Stearns, A. E., F.E.S 258

Swinton, A. H., F.E.S 156,260

Thompson, Capt. C. Bla^-des 13

Thornley, Rev. A., M.A., F.L.S 18

Toulmin, V 276

Turner, H. J., F.E.S. ...23, 80, 104, 155, 202,

232, 284

Verrall, G. H., V.-P.E.S 64, 129

Wainwright, Colbrau J., F.E.S. ...21, 61, 72,
103, 151, 154, 175, 198, 202, 212, 231

Walker, A. 0., F.L.S 257

Walker, J. J., R.N., F.L.S 76

Walsingham, Rt. Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D.,
F.R.S 177, 189, 233

Watts, Charles W 275

Webb, Sj'dney 150

Wheeler, F. D., LL.D., F.E.S. 14

Whitaker, A 257

Wood, Rev. Theodore, F.E.S 225

Woodforde, P. C, B.A., F.E.S 116

Wyse, L. H. Bonaparte 559

Yerbury, Col. J. W., R.A., F.Z.S 76, 272

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE
Acherontia Atropos in Dumbartonshire, 258, 276 ; Note on the weight of its

pupae 100

Acanthopsyche opacclla : instinct altered when parasitized ... ... 62,127

Acletoxenus syrphoides, Fi'auenf., at Caiubridgo... ... ... 300

^schna isosceles, Miill. (rufescens, V. d. L.), An unecorded native example of,

101; mixta, Ltr., at Appledore, Kent ... ... ... ... ... 46

Africa, Further notes on Lepidopera from South 191, 284

Agrotis tritici and nigricans, New differentia of ... ... ... ... ... 13

Agrypnetes crassicornis, McLach., Re-discovery of ... ... ... 270,293

Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Veitcliii), attraction to hive bees ... ... ... 259

Andrena Hattorfiana near Oxford, 16 ; helvola, L., and ambigua, Perkins, 4 ; in

Scotland, 259 ; polita, Smith, in Kent ... ... ... ... ... 277

Anglesea, Lepidoptera in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13

Anopheles, Descriptions of four new species of, from India ... ... ... 196

Anthrax paniscus, Rossi, at Criccieth ... ... ... ... ... ... 259

Anticlea sinuata in Devon .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45

Aporomyia dubia, Fall., in Sutton Park ... ... ... ... ... ... 151

Argyresthia AtmoricUa, Bnks., in the Isle of Purbeck ... ... .. ... 200

Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, in Costa Rica ... ... ... ... ... 171

Astatus stigma on the Lincolnshire Coast ... ... ... ... ... 15

PAGE

AUialia si^iiuiruiii, L., Note OH .. ... ... ... ... ... 128,142

Atlieris crassipes, Mg. : a new Britisli Dipteron ... ... ... ... 10

Attelabus curculionoides, L., attacking chestnut and hornbeam . . 256, 280

Bactra lanceolana, Hb., Albiiiic aben-ation of ... ... ... ... ... 199

Balearic Insects 205,239,272

Bembex rostrata, L., in Jersey ... ... ... ... ... ..• ...17,48

Benibidium (subg. Testediohim), On a Spanish, 37; quadripiistulatum, Dej.,

New locality for 301

Blacus armatulus, Rathe, near Ipswich ... ... ... ... ... ... 17

Boiubus Sniithianus, White, in Scotland ... ... ... ... ... ... 47

Bruchus, Critical remarks on some species of ... ... ... ... ... 144

Caeeilius atricornis, McLach., at Appledore, Kent ... ... ... ... 46

Catocala nupta in North-West London ... ... ... ... ... ... 258

Cecidomyice : on the new Nomenclature of Mr. Riibsaanien ... ... ... 40

Cerastis ligula, Esp., at Poyntzpass, Ireland ... ... ... ... ... 45

Ceroplatus sesioides, Whlbg., correction of name ... ... ... ... 150

Ceuthorrhynchidius mixtus, Muls. and Rey, at Porlock... .. ... ... 98

Cevennes, Lepidoptera in the ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 261

Chrysis Ruddii, Shuck., in Scotland ... ... ... ... ... ... 48

Chrysopa dorsalis, Burm : a species new to Britain ... ... ... ... 39

Cicadse in Siam, Native method of catching ... ... ... ... ... 100

Cicadidse from the Bahama Islands, New species of ... ... ... ... 71

Cloantha perspicillaris from the New Forest ... ... ... ... ... 13

Olostera anachoreta at Walmer, Kent ... ... ... ... ... ... 276

Coccidse, Observations on, No. 19 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 81

Coelioxys mandibularis, Nyl. : an addition to the British list of Aculeates,

166, 167; at Wallasey 279

Coleoptera, Additions to the list of British, during 1899 and 1900, 1 ; at

Madeira, 220 ; at Stornoway, Lewis, 279 ; eaten by birds, Information

wanted as to, 279 ; Hydradephaga and Hydrophilidse, 279 ; in North

Wales, 225 ; in South-West Ireland, 270 ; of the Faroe Islands, 3 ;

round about Jerusalem, 156 ; The late Mr. Lennon's Collection of British 99

Colias Edusa at Seaton, Devon, in 1901 ... ... ... ... ... ... 275

Corsica and France, New Micro-Lepidoptera from ... ... ... ... 177

Corsican Ants, &c., 8 ; bred (Leptothorax angustulus, Nyl., and Bothriomyrmex

meridionalis, Roger) .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127

Cruncecia (Trichoptera) : description of a new species from Austria ... ... 69

Curtis's Collection of British Insects ... ... ... ... ... ... 76

Dectious verrucivorus, L., near Deal ... ... ... ... ... ... 282

Devon, Autumnal notes from South, 13 ; Lepidoptera in South ... ,.. 11
Diptera, Aberdeenshire, 43 ; Balearic, 272 ; in Herefordshire, rare, 198 ; in

the New Forest during 1900, 74; in the New Forest, Two rare, 199 ;

two methods of determining, 295 ; two unrecorded British ... ... 75

Dipterocecidies, Two New Forest ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 281

Dryophilus pusillus, Gyll., at Helsby, Cheshire, 171 ; in Cumberland ... 225

Ectopsocus Briggsi, McLach., at Lynniouth ; in South Devon, and in Dorset 228

Electric Light : Moths at the Boer Camp, Diyatalawa, Ceylon... 87

Encephalus complicans, Westw., Note on ... ... ... ... ... 151

PAGE

Engadine, Lepidoptera in the, 1900, 130; Pyrales, Tortrices, and Tinoina in,

195; Triclioptera Planipennia and Pseudo Ncuroptera in ... ... 160

Ephemeridse collected by Herr E. Strand in South and Arctic Norway ... 252

Erebia glacialis : correction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10

Eristalis tenax in New Zealand, Note on... ... ... ... ... ... 330

Eupithecia nanata : dark aberration at Shirley .. 99

Exseretopus formiceticola in Guernsey ... ... ... ... ... ... 283

Faroe Islands, Coleoptera of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3

G-elechia malvella in the London District... .. ... ... ... ... 45

Geometridse : a new genus from the Hawaiian Islands ... 215, 251

Greometrides from the Grisons, collected by Dr. T. A. Chapman in 1900 ... 136

Glanvilles Wootton : additions to Lepidoptera since 1890 276

Grisons, Geometrides from, in 1900 ... ... ... ... ... ... 136

Gynandrous specimen of Ilalictus quadricinctus ... ... ... ... 278

Hadena lateritia, Hufn. : a Noctua new to Britain in South Wales 115

Halictus burrows, Diptera and Nomadse at ... ... ... ... ... 48

Harpal us anxius from the Oxford distinct ... ... ... ... ... 17

Harpalus Frolichii, Sturm, The completed history of, as a British insect ... 64

Hawaiian Hymenoptera, Aculeate... ... ... ... ... ... ... 264

Heer's types of Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica .. ... ... ... 143

Heliothis peltigera, Schiff., Dark aberration of ... ... ... ... ... 127

Hemerobius, On certain Palsearctic species of (H. inconspicuus, McLach., and
H. pellucidus. Walk.), 222 ; H. concinnus and its var. quadrifasciatus, 163,

201, 302 ; longifrons, Walker, not to be included in the European fauna... 165

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Balearic Islands ... ... .. ... ... ... 239

Henicocephalus Maclachlani : an addition to the Rhynchotal fauna of New

Zealand 217

Herefordshire, Rare Diptera in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 198

Hermaphrodite specimen of Podalirius retusus, L., 141 ; Hawaiian Odynerus 139

Hesperiadae, A new genus and species of Australian ... ... ... ... 168

Heteromyza, Fallen, The genus ... .. ... ... ... ... 106,292

Hydradephaga and Hydrophilidae, Further notes on ... ... ... ... 279

Hymenoptera (Aculeate) at Hailing, Kent, 17 ; at Tintagel, North Cornwall,

150; Balearic Islands, 2u8; Hawaiian, 264; in Dumbartonshire, 5 ; in

New Forest, 72 ; in North Wales, 72 ; in Perthshire, 67 ; in the West of

Scotland, 6; of Suffolk, 68; on the Lincolnshire Coast, 15; Scottish ... 48

Hymenoptera near Woking in latter part of 1901, 278 ; two unrecorded British 247

Hymenopterological notes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 96

Ichneumonid, Description of a new ... ... ... ... ... ... 290

Ichneumonidse : a genus and two species new to Britain ... ... ... 249

Idia lunata at Cambi'idge and elsewhere ... ... ... ... ... ... 299

Ireland, Coleoptera in South-West, 270 ; Sirex gigas in, 259 ; Vanessa Antiopa

in 257

Jerusalem, Insects found around ... ... ... ... ... ... 156, 260

Kent, Aculeate Hymenoptera at Hailing ... ... ... ... ... ... 17

Lampyris noctiluca, Pairing of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 226

Larentia multistrigaria. Melanism in ... ... ... ... ... ... 149

Larinus scolymi, Oliv., at Colchester ... ... ... ... ... ... 18

PAGE

Lasiocampa quercus, Curious experience with ... ... ... ... 124,269

Lathridius Bergrothi, Reitt., and other beetles in a herbarium... ... ... 18

Lecaniodiaspis, Note on the genus... ... ... ... ... ... ... 293

Legs of Insects, Names of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 64

Lennon, British Coleoptera of the late Mr. ... ... ... ... ... 99

Lepidoptera from Staffordshire, 10; in Anglesea, 13; in the Cevennes, 261 ;
in the Eiigadine, 130, 195; in South Devon, 11 ; of the Breadalbane
district of Perthshire, 227; of Glanvilles Wootton since 1890, 276; of

Northamptonshire, Part I, Rhopalocera, 58 ; some teratological specimens of 117

Licinus depressus, Payk., in NorHi Staffordshire ... ... ... ... 171

Limnius, British species of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 90

Lincolnshire Hymenoptera-Aculeata ... ... ... ... ... ... 15

Lipara tomentosa, Mcq. (= rufitarsis, Lw.), and two rare Tipulid.iB at Seaton 199

Local Notes (Holocentropus stagnalis, &c.) ... ... ... ... ... 282

Lophopteryx carmelita, Esp., in the New Forest ... ... ... ... 99

Lophosia fasciata, Mg. : a new British Dipteron... ... ... ... ... 212

Loxopera deaurana, Peyr., Re-discovery in Life History of ... ... ... 169

Lycsena argiolus near London, 227 ; icarus, Oviposition of ... ... ... 227

Lyctus brunneus at Harwich ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 300

Macrogaster arundinis in Norfolk ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

Madeira, Notes on a few days' collecting at (Coleoptera) ... ... ... 220

Mantis religiosa naturalized in the State of New York ... ... ... ... 47

Medon castaneus, Grav., in Richmond Park ... ... ... ... ... 280

Melandrya barbata in the New Forest ... ... ... ... ... ... 255

Merodon equestris, F. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10

Meteorus fragilis, Wesm., parasitic on Phalera bucephala ... ... ... 278

Metopius dentatus, F., bred from Bombyx quercus ... ... ... ... 171

Metzneria littorella, Dgl., Notes on 121,150,200

Micro-Lepidoptera, New Corsican and French, 177 ; Spanish, 233 ; Revision of

the Nomenclature of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 189

Micromus aphidivorus, Schrk., at Oxshott ... ... ... ... ... 46

Mimesa Dahlbomi and other Aculeates in Scotland ... ... ... ... 301

Mosquito swarms responsive to sound ... .. ... ... .. . 296

Myrmus miriformis near Bude ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 49

Neuroptera at Stornoway ... ... ... ... ... ... 302

New Forest, Cloantlia perspicillaris in the, 13 ; Diptera in, during 1900, 74,
199 ; Hymenoptera Aculeata in, 72 ; Lophopteryx carmelita, Esp., in, 99 ;

Melandrya barbata in, 255 ; Two Dipterocecidies in ... ... ... 281

New Zealand, Note on Eristalis tenax in . ... .. ... .. ... 300

Noctua castanea, Esp., var. xanthe, n. v., 116 ; popularis of Fabricius, Generic

Nomenclature of ... ... ... ... . ■ ... ... ... 36

Nomada at Halictus burrows, 48 ; armata nr. Oxford ... ... ... ... 16

Northamptonshire, Insects of, 148 ; Lepidoptera of 58

Norway, Ephemeridae in, 252; Perlidae in, 146; Neuroptera and Rhopalocera in 24

Obituaeies : Constant, Alexandre, 173 ; Crowley, Pliilip, F.L.S., 49 ;
David, Pere Armand, C.M.Z.S., 20 ; Dormer, Lord, F.Z.S.,
F.E.S., 49 ; Leech, John Henry, B.A., F.L.S., &c., 49 ;
Ormerod, Eleanor A., LL.D., F.R. Met. Soc, F.E.S., 230;
Selys-Longchamps, Baron M. E. de, Hon. P.E.S 20, 78

Odonata collected in S.-W. Ireland in 1901 301

PAGE

OdontEOus mobilicornis, F., at Tiiiibridgp Wells, 100 ; at Woking; 171

Odyncriis, Curious nest of, 228 ; Oaluian s)3ecies of ... ... ... ... 265

Orochares angustatus, Er., Habits of ... ... ... ... ... .■ 4S

Pachygastcr Lcachi, &c., at Cambridge .. .. ... • 299

Pacliygaster : tho gender of .. ... ... ... ... .■ ... 299

Paebytylus cinerascens, Fab., near Hastings .. ... ... ■-. ... 282

Papilio Macbaon, L., in Hampsliire ... ... .. ... ... 172,297

Peribalus vernalis in Suffolk .. ... ... ■ 302

Perlidffi in Norway, June and July, 1000, witli remarks on certain aretic forms 14fi
Pbalera bucepbala parasitized by Meteorus fi'agiljs ... ., . ... ... 278

Pbibalocera quercana attacking rhododendrons ... ... ... ... ... 277

Piezodorus lituratus. Notes on ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 73

Plateau, Summary of an Article by Prof. F., intituled " Les Syrpbides

admirent ils les couleurs des fleurs ?" ... ... ... ... ... 211

Platypezae at Felden, Herts. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 281

Plusia moneta at Eltbam ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 258

Pompilus approximatus, &c., in Nortb Wales .. ... ... ... ... 259

Pyrales, Tortrices, and Tineina, in the Engadine, in 1900 ... .. ... 195

Pyrrbosoma tenellum, Vill., in Merionethshire ... ... ... ... ... 224

Reviews: — "Classification of the Icbneumon Flies of the Super-Family
Ichneumonidce :" by W. H. Ashmead, 19; The Structure and
Life-History of the Harlequin Fly (Chironomus) :" by
L. C. Miall", F.R.S., and A. R. Hammond, F.L.S., 19 ; " British
Flies, Vol. viii (Platypezida?, Pipunculidse and Syrphidae) :" by
a. H. Verrall, P.E.S., 76 ; " The Larva; of the British Butter-
flies and Moths :" by (the late) Wm. Buckler, edited by Geo.
T. Porritt, Vol. ix, 101 ; "Botanik and Zoologie in Osterreich
in den Jahres, 1850 bis 1000, 152 ;" " List of British and
Irish Spiders:" by Rev. O. P. Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., 153;
" Staudinger (O.) and Rebel (H.), Catalog der Lepidopteren
des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes :" Dritte Auflage, 172 ;
" Familiar Butterflies and Moths :" by W. F. Kirby, F.L.S.,
etc., 229; "The Stridulating Organs of Waterbugs, especially

of CorixidiB :" by G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S 229

Russian Entomological Journal, A New ... ... ... ... ... ... 201

Salius notatulus and Crabro a]i!iidum in Scotland ... ... ... ... 277

Saw-flies new to Britain ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5

Scotland : Achei'ontia Atropos in Dumbartonshire, 258,276 ; Aculeates in, 48 ;
Borabus Sinitbianus in, 47 ; Chrysis Ruddii in, 48 ; Diptcra, Aberdeen-
shire, 43 ; Hymenoptera-Aculeata in Dumbartonshire, 5, 15 ; in Perth-
shire, 67; in West of, 6; Lepidoptera of the Breadalbane district of
Perthshire, 227 ; Mimesa Dahlbomi and other Aculeates in, 301 ; Salius
notatulus and Crabro aphidum in, 277 ; Selenia bilunaria, Esp., appa-
rently not double brooded in, 126; Tipulidae in the West of, 113, 150;
Tortricidsc and Tineina of Bonhill, 33, 185 ; Vanessa Antiopa in Shetland 236
Selenia bilunaria, Esp. (= illunaria, Hb.), apparently not double brooded in

Scotland 129

Sirex gigas in Ireland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 259

Smerinthus ocellatus, Rapid development of ... ... ... ... ... 258

vn.

PAGE

Societies :— Birmingham Entomological Society, 20, 50, 102, 153, 174, 201,
231 ; Entomological Society of London, 23, 104, 128, 155,
202, 302 ; Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 51,
103, 175 ; South London Entomological, &c., Society, 21, 51,

80,104,154,202,231 283

Spanish Micro-Lepidoptera ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 233

Spathiiis exaratus, L., parasitic on Anobium domesticum, Fourc. ... ... 15

Sphecodes, Observations on ... ... ... ... ... ... 53,72,127

Sphinx convolvuli at Eltham, 275 ; at Folkestone, 298 ; in Gloucestershire,
276; at G-uestling, LarviB of, 27(i ; on Holy Island, Larvae of, 297 ; at
Hoylake, 275 ; in the Isle of Wight, 298 ; at Kingston-on-Thames, 275 ;
in North Devon, 298 ; in Scotland, Larvae of, 298 ; in Surrey, 258 ; at
Woking, 276; in Yorkshire, Larvae of ... ... ... ... 257

Spilodes sticticalis in North-West Kent ... ... ... ... ... ... 45

Spring Notes from South Devon ...
StafPordshire, Lepidoptera from
Steni gliding on the surface of water

StratiomyidfE : an addition to the British, with
241 ; application for British ...

Suffolk, Hymenoptera-Aculeata of. ..

Syrphidae at Cambridge in 1901

Tachinidae collected in 1900

Tarsostenus univittatus at Harwich

Teratological specimens of Lepidoptera ...

Tipulidse in the West of Scotland ...

Tortricidae and Tineina of the parish of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire ... 33, 185

Trichoptera, Neuroptcra-Planipennia, Odonata, and Rhopalocera, collected in

Norway in the summer of 1900, 24 ; from Switzerland, a new species of,

162; Planipennia and Pseudo-Neuroptora in the Engadine in July, 1900 160
Trichoptera, Wharfedale ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 46

Trigonometopus frontalis near Newbury . ... ... ... ... ... 300

Trypetidae, Notes on British, with additions to the list ... ... ... ... 9

Vanessa Antiopa at Eltham, 257 ; in Isle of Wight, 171 ; in Maidstone, 257 ;

in Middlesex, 256 ; in Shetland, 226; at Woking, 100 ; in Ireland ... 257
Vanessa urticae, Linn., On a form of, 148 ; resting of ... ... ... ... 275

Volucella zonaria, Poda, in the Channel Islands, 151 ; on a Channel boat ... 299
Wales, North, Coleoptera in, 225; Hadena lateritia, Hufn., in South, 115;

Hymenoptera-Aculeata in, 72 ; Lepidoptera of, and of Cheshire, 76 ;

Pompilus approximatus in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 259

Warble-Flies, The Life-History of 92

171

10

99

description of a new genus,

126

68

299

212

300

117

113,150

SPECIAL INDEX.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

Acalles dispar 221

Acidota creiiata 225

Agathidium atrum 225

Ainara consulai-is, 66 ; continua 66

Antlioaoinus lufus 2

Artlu-olips piceus 221

Atlantis lamellipes, 221 ; lanatus, 222 ;

noctivagans, 221 ; vespeitinus 222

Attelabus curculionoides 256,280

Balaninas cei'asorum 271

Benibidium carpetanura, 39; ciirvimanuiii,
221; glaciale, raontanum, 37; py-
venasum, 38; quadripustulatum...l45, .301

Bruchus Fahrsi, incarnatus, 145 ; lutei-

coniis, 144; pectiniconiis, viciiv 145

Bvychiuii elevatus 280

Carabus clathratus, 279; glabratus, 271,

279; niteiis, V. iiiger 1

Ceuthorrhynchidius mixtus 98

Ccelambus impressopunctatiis 280

Conipora orbiculata 225

Cryptomorpha musffi 222

Doroiiectes latus 280

Dinodenis miiiutus, pilifrons 2

Donacia crassipos, obscura 271

Dromius iiisularis 221

Dryophilus pusillus 171,225

Dytisciis civcumflexus, diniidiatus 280

Elaplirus uliginosus 271

Eucepbalus complicans 151

Ernobius abietis 2

Gyrinus elongatus, 280 ; niinutus, 225 ;

urinator 280

Harpalus anxius, 18 ; discoideiis, 65 ;

Prolichii 64

Hedobia imperialis 171

Hydaticus seminiger, transversalis 280

Hydncna pulchella, testacea 280

Hydiocypboii dt'flexicolli.s 271

Hydrophilus piceus 280

Hydroporus Davisii, 280 ; obscurus, 279 ;

rivalis 280

Hypera elongata 2

PAGE

Lanipyris noctiluca 225,226

Larinus scol^-mi 18

Latbvidius Bergrothi 18

Licinus depressus 171

Limiiius Dargelasi, ru2;osus, troglodvtes,

etc '....91,92

L3'ctus brunneus 300

Mecinus circulatus 66

Medon castaneus 66, 280

Melandrya barbata, dubia 255

Nebria Hempricbi 156

Odontanis niobilicornis 171,199

Olibrus affinis, flavicornis 2

Olisthopus erica), 221 ; niaderensis 222

Orocbares angustatus 48

Otiovliyuchus blandus, 271, 272; maurus 3

Oxytelus adveiia 221

Panagreus quadripustulatus 301

Pbilopedon geminatus 66

Polydrosus cervinus 271

Potaniiiius substriatus 280

Pterosticbus anthracinus 271

Quedius unibrinus 3

Rbantus exoletus, Grapii 280

Rliopalomesites Tardyi 271

Scydnifcnus elongatulns 225

Stephanopacbys substriatus 2

Tarphius compactus 221

Tarsostenus univittatus 301

Tropideres sepicola 2

Tropipborus mercuvialis 3

Xeuostmngylus bistrio 221

DIPTERA.

Acletoxenus syrplioides 300

Alopbora subcoleoptrata 273

Anopheles gigas, 196 ; culicifacies, Listoni,

197; Theobaldi 198

Antbrax paniscus 259

Aporoniyia dubia 151

Atherix crassipes 10

Blepliaridea vulgaris 213

Bombylius pallens 273

Brachypalpus bimaculatus 198

Calliceva ajuea, 74 ; Fagesii 78

Cecidornj'ia ■. 40

Ceroplatus sesioides, 75, 150; tipuloides .. 150

Cha>tolyga quadripustulata 213

Cluetotachiiia rustica 213

Chilosia maculata 198

Chlorops vufina 75

Clistalepida 214

Engyops micronyx 214

Eristalis punctifer, 77 ; tenax 300

Frauenfeldia tfilineata 214

Goniomyia connexa 113

Heteromyza atriconiis, 108, 292, 293;
commixta, 293; rotundiconiis, 110,
292,293; oculata 111,292,293

Hypoderma bovis, linoatum 92

Idiahinata 299

Leptomorpluis Walkeri 75

Lipara tomentosa .. 199

Lopbosia fasciata 212

Macrodiplosis dryobia, volvens 281

Mallota eristaloides 74

Meigenia bisigiiata 212

Merodon equestris ...10,299

Myiobia inaiiis 213

Neopacbygastev mei-omelaena 246

Pacliygastei- Leacbi, 299 ; nieromelas 243

Pachyrrbina lunulicovnis 113

Pboi-bia albe.scens, impudica 48

Phyfco pai'viconiis 214

Phytomyza flaviventris .. 76

Platypeza atra, consobrina, dorsalis, birti-

ceps, modesta, picta, vufa 281

Pocota apiformis 199

Psilota antbracina 199

Rbacocblrena toxoneuva 9

Rhynchista prolixa 214

Spilogaster uliginosa 75

Tepbritis elongatula, vuralis, tessellata .. 9

Tepbrocblamys magnicovnis 106

Tbelida diversa, occulata, 110; vesper-

tilionea 109

Tipula montium, Winnertzii 113

Trigonometopus frontalis 300

Urellia eluta 9

Volucclla zoiiaria -. 151,299

HEMIPTERA.

PAGE

Aclerda japonica (sp. 11.), Newstead 84

Anisops productus 240

Antoniiia socialis (sp. II.), Newstead 85

Aspidiotus alienus (sp. n.), Newstead, 81 ;

articulatus 171

Bircbippia 294

Cicada Bonbotei (sp. n.). Distant 71

Dactylopius formiceticola, 86 ; Luffi (sp.

n.), Newstead 85

Diaspis carueli 82

Exffiretopus formiceticola 283

Fiorina kewensis (sp. n.), Newstead 83

Henicocepbalus Maclacblani (sp. n.),

Kirkaldy 217

Lecaniodiaspis dendrobii 294

Licbtensia ephedrse (sp. n.), Newstead ... 83

Lopus lineolatus 240

Mytilaspis pomorum 82

Naucoris conspersns 240

Pacbytoniella Passerini 240

Peribalus vernalis 302

Piezodorus lituratus 73

Reduvius pallipes 260

Solenostbodium lynceum 239

HYMENOPTERA.

Agenia bircana, 68 ; variegata 67

Andrena ambigua, 4; angustior, 69; Cetii,
7, 68 ; dorsata, 69 ; Hattortiana, 16,
68; belvola, 4; nigriceps, 72; polita,

277; proxima 17,69,72

Astatus stigma 15, 72

Atbalia spinarum 98, 128

Bembex rostrata 1 7, 48

Blacus armatulus 17

Bombus Jonellus, 8, 72 ; lapponicus, 68 ;

Smitbianns, 47, 72; soroensis 8, 72

Botbriomyrmex meridionalis 8, 127

Camponotus Sicbeli 208

C'ardiocondyla sp. ? 8

Ceratina cyanea 17

Cbrysis Ruddii, 48 ; succincta 278

Cilissa baemorrboidalis, 17 ; melanura ... 17

Coelioxys mandibularis 166, 167,279

Colletes montaiius, 7 ; picistigma 68

Colobopsis truncata 8

Crabro apbidum, 277 ; capitosus, 68 ;
distinctus, 264; gonager, 278 ; inter-
ruptus, 68; lituratus, 17; scutellatus 278

Dinotomus lapidator, 249 ; pictus 250

PAGE

Kllaiupus ciiii-uleus 97

EucGfa loiiijicofiiis 97

Halictus breviceps, 68; lievigatus, 17;
macalattis, 17 ; prasiiius, 72 ; qua-
driciiictus, 17, 278; soror (sp. n.).
Saund., 2U9; xanthopus 17

Hedychruin rutilaiis 247

Leptotliorax angustulus 127

Melecta luctuosa 72, 96

Meteorus fi-agilis 278

Metopius dentatus 171

Mimesa Dalilbomi 301

Nesodvnerus (gon. nov.), Perk., 267 ; op-

tabilis 267

Nomada annata, 16; atrata, 278 ; obtusi-
fi-ons, 6, 7, 67; Poultoiii (sp. ii.),
Saund., 209 ; Robeijeotiana 72

Nyxeopbilus corsicus (g. et sp. n.), Mar-
shall 290,291

Odi'iierus hermaphrodite, 139 ; nest of,
228; Oahuaii species of, 265; acyanns
(^sp. n.), Perkins, 267 ; epipseustes
(sp. n.), Perkins, 267 ; eucharis, (sp.
n ), Perkins. 266 ; honiceophanes (sp.
n.), Perkins, 266; ilhidens (sp. n.),
Perkins, 267 ; Isvipes, 97; lithopliilus
fsp. 11.), Perkins, 267 ; paludicola (sp.
n.), Perkins, 265; xerophilus (sp. n ),
Perkins 266

Osuiia bicolor, 17 ; leucomelana, 17, parie-

tina, 72; pilicoriiis, 69; xauthomehina 72

Oxj'belus inandibularis, 7, 278 ; mucro-

natus 72

Passaloecus monilicornis 15, 67

Pison iridipennis 264

Polistes hebrfeus 264

Podalirius balearicus, 210; retusus (her-
maphrodite) 141

Pompilus approximatus 67,72,259

Prosopis cornuta, 278; dilatata 17, 278

Pseudopterocheilus (gen. nov.), Perkins... 266

Salius notatiilus, 277, 278; propinquus... 217

Sirex gigas 259

Spathius exaratns 15

Sphecodes, 53, 72, 127; byalinatus, 6;

rubicundus, 68 ; spinulosus 17

Stelis aterrima, 69 ; oetomaculata 278

Tachytes uiiicolor 15

Tiphia minuta 67

Tomostethus funereus, 5 ; gagathinus. ... 5

Vespa austriaca 6, 15

Xylocopa ffiiieipeniiis 265

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAGE

Aeaiithopsyehe opacella 62, 127

Acherontia Atropos 10, 100, 258, 276

Acrodrepaiiis nesiotes (g. et sp. n.),

Perkins ,. 252

Agrotis comes, 118; nigricans, 13 ; ocellina,

133; proimba, 118; tritici 13

Alucita olbiadactyla 234

Aiiarta myrtilli 118

Anticlea sinuata 12,45

Aparaea fibrosa 10

Apatura Iris 60, 119

A plecta occulta 12

Aporia cratffigi, 25, 32, 59, 262 ; Davidis... 119

AproiErema lamprostoma 236

Arctia Caja 118

Argynnis Ino, 132; Paphia, 119; Selene,

"228; Thore 132

Argyresthia Atmoriella, 200 ; Ganlartella, 187

Aristotelia fraiikeiiia;,237 ; pulveratella .. 186

Bactra lanceolana 199

Hlastobasis anthophaga, evanescens (sp. n.)

Wlsni. .. 182

Roarmia cinctaria, roboraria 118

Horkhansenia fuscifrontella, 181 ; lavan-
dula;, 180; pulverisquamis, 180, 181;
reducta (sp. n.), Wlsm., 181, sub-
gilvida (sp. n.), Wlsm 180

Prachodes cassaiidrella 238

Braura ligiiiclusa 286

Cacoecia piceana 120

Caradrina anibigua .' 11

Carsia paludata 139

Catocala nupta 258

Cedestis gysselinella ... 187

Cerastis liguhi 45

Chariclea umbra 13

Chilena fumosa, prompta 288

Chionobas jutta, 25, 32; Norna 27, 32

Choerocampa porcellus 13

Cidaria alpicolaria, verberata 138

Cloantha perspicillaris 13

Clostera anachoreta 276

Ccenonympha typhon 228

Coleophora solenella, vestalella 238

Colias Edusa, 10, 11, 13, 59, 262, 275;
Hyale, 59, 262 ; Palffiiio, 25, 32, 131 ;
Phicomone 131

Collantia (Ertzeni 260

Conchylis deutschiana, 195 ; Smeathman-

niana 36

Daphnis hybothous 88

Dasychira pulverea 194

PAOE

Deiliiiea pusaria 118

Deiopeia pulcliella 116

Diaci'isia lubricipeda 118

Diaiithecia conspersa, 13; Intcago 116

Diaphora capensis 285

Diplodoma raai'sinepnnctella 185

Elachista eleochaviella, kilinunella, sen-i-

coniis 187

Endvosa aurita, irrorella, Kublweiiiii,

134; voscida 133, 134

Epitiephilo titlionus 119

Epunda lutulenta 12

Erebia Embla, 25, 32 ; epiphron, 238 ;
Kbicialis, 10, 132 ; Gorse, 131 ; lap-
pona, 27, 32 ; Manto, Pharte 132

Eriogaster lanestris 118

Eucliromia amiBiia 193

Euchloe cai'dainines 32,119

Eupitliecia nanata, 99 ; exiguata, lariciata,

sat^'vata, virgaureata 116

Gelechia cnnfinis, 186 ; byoscyaraella, 237;

nialvella, 45 ; oxycediella, suedella .. 235

Gnoplios sordaria 137, 138

Hadena coiitigna, 10 ; lateritia 115

Hcliotbis avmigera, 11 ; peltigera 127

Ileliozela vespleiidella 186

Hemiiiiene tiinbi'iana 189

Heiiucha smilax 191

Hesperia paniscus 61,120

Heteromiza obliquaria 118

Holeopogon bubulcellus 235

Hygochroa sj'iingaria ... 118

Hypsa compbiua, producta 89

Iconisnia (?) aiithopbaga, sta'cbadelhi ... 182

Idraais fausta 260

Lapbygma exigua 11

Larentia multistrigaria 149

Lasiocampa queicus 124,268

Lenodora montana 28t5

Leucaloa eugrapbica 285

Leucania albipuncta, putvescens vitellina II

Litbocolletis adenocaipi, 239 ; cerasico-
lella, 188; Joviella, 238; Kleeniaii-
iiella, messaniella, oxyacantha; 188

Lithosia caniola, 11 ; lurideola 133

Lnpbopteryx carmelita 99

Loxopera deauiana 169, 170

Lycfena Acis, 61 ; Adouis, 11, 120; Mgou,
13, 25, 32, 120 ; argiolus, 227 ; Aiioii,
61; Corvdon, 119; Damon, Dolus,
263; Icarus, 119, 227; Meleager, 263;
Orbitulus, 131, 132; Pberetes, 27, 32,
131 132

Lyinanti'ia moiiacba 118

PAGE

Maceda mansueta 88

Macrogaster arundinis 14

Mainestia brassica; 118

Mebiuaigia Galatbea, Jap3'gia 263

Melasina ciliaris 135

Melita^a avterais, 60, 119; Atbalia, 32,
119; Cinxia, 119, 171; Mevope,
Pai-tbenie 131

Metarctia rufescens 285

Methymna imbecilla 133

Metzneria littorella 121, 149, 200

Micropteryx imperfectella, isoba.solla, ja-

cobella 238

Minoa murinata 137

Mixodia palustrana . 34

Nemeopbila plantaginis 133

Neosympboca nebulosa 193

Nesocblide epixantha (sp. n.), Perk 216

Noctua iieglecta, 11, 116; popularis 36

Nudaurelia Arabella 193

Odontocheilopteryx sobria 289

Opostega spatulella 233

Oxyodes scrobiculata 88

Parapliila comma 61

Papilio Macbaoii,32, 120, 172, 262 ; Poda-

lirius 262,297

Parnassius Apollo, 26, 262 ; Dolius 131

Pelocbyta astrifia 89

Pentbina sororculana 34

Phibalocera quercana .. 277

Pbycis subornatella 13

Phyllalia concolor 287

Pieris Callidice 131

Platyedra vilella 233

Pleretes bellatrix 284'

Plusia festucse, 12; Hocbenwartbi, 133;

moneta 258

Polia chi 12

Polyommatus Hippotboe 25,32

Prays Cuvtisellus 185

Procris Geryon 120

Pseudosphinx discistriga 88

Psodos coracina, trepidaria 137

Pyrameis Atalanta 119

Retinia resinella 35

Sangatissa subcurvifera 89

Saturnia apollonia, 192 ; pavonia 118

Satj'rus Briseis, Circe 263

Selenia bilunavia 126

Sesia pliilantbiformis 13

I Smerintbus ocellatus 258

PAGE

Sphinx coiivolvuli 257, 258, 264. 275, 276,

297, 298

Spilodes sticticalis 12,45

Stigmoiiota coiiiferana 36

Stilbia anoinala 11

Swammerdamia oxyacanthella 185

Sj'mmoca ilolicatella ochreopicta, 178 ;
perpys<iiia;ella, 179; vosraaiiiiella(.spp
11.), Wlsm 177

Syntomis fulvesceiis, Kuhlweinii 193

S3'richthus centaiireifi 2o, 33

Taragama polydoi-a 289

Teratopsis peniiixtella 236

Thecia Iietulffi, pruni, 61 ; w-albuiii 60

Thei-etra nessus 88

Thyrete.s cafFra 193

Tinea imella, 185 ; Rosen hergella 135

Tortrix rigana 195

Trabela oehvoleuca 287

Tricberis aurana 36

Vane.ssa Antiopa. 32, 60, 100, 171, 226,
256, 257 ; c-album, 10, 32, 60 ; lo,
257; polycbloros, 60; uitica;, 148 ... 275

Venusia cainbiicaria 46

Xenolecbia ifitbiops 186

Xylopliasia scolopacina 10

Zygiena filipendulue 120

NEUROPTERA.

iEschna isosceles, 101 ; mixta 46

Agraylea cogiiatella 29

Agrion conciiinum 31

Agrypiietes crassicornis 270,293

Agrypnia picta 28

Ameletus iiiopinatus 253

Asynarchus contumax, fusorius 29

Caecilius atricornis 46

Capnia atia 147

Chloroperla Straiidi 147

Chrysopa dorsalis 39

PAGE

Cruiuecia Kumpneyi (sp. n.), Mort 69

Dictyopteiyx alpina, 162; conipacta, 146;

fontium, intricata 162

Diusus Chapmaiii (sp. n.), McLacb., 162 ;
ehvysotus, melancbietes, nigrescens .. 161

Kctopsocus Briggsi 282

Orammotaulius signatipennis . 28

Hemei'obius atrifrons, 161 ; coneinnus,
161, 163, 302; inconspicuus, 31, 222;
loiif,nfrons, 165; Mortoni, 30, 161;
pollucidus, 222 ; quadrifasciatus, 161,
163, 166 201, 302

Holoceiitropus stagiialis 282

Isogenus Nauseni 147

Leptoceius perplexus 29

Leptophlebia Meyeri, Strandi (sp. n.),

Eaton 253

Leiictra albida, bippopus 148

Liinnopbilus despectus, 29; elegans, 302;

pantodapus, scalenus, trimaculatus... 29

Litbax iiiger 161

Metretopus norvegicus (g. et sp. u.), Eaton 25 1

Micromus apbidivorus 46

Molaunodes Zelleri 29

Xeinoura avicularis, borealis 148

Neui'onia lapponica 28

Oxyetbira distinctella, Frici 30

Phacopteryx brevipennis 29

Pbryganea minor, 28, 282 ; obsoleta 28

Plectrocuemia brevis, geniculata 282

Pyrrbosoma teiiellum 224

Siphlurus lacustris, Liunseanus 253

Somatocblora alpestris, arctica, metallica.. 31

Tieniopteryx neglecta, 162;. Risi 148

ORTHOPTERA.

Decticus veri'ucivorus 282

.Mantis leligiosa 47

Pacb\tvlus cinerascens 282

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT
FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Melandrya barbata, Fabr

PAGK

.. 255

DIPTERA.

Athurix crassipes, ilfy 10

Chlorops I'ufina, Zeif. 75

Engyops micron j'x, B. <!• 5 214

Frauenfeldia trilineata, Jf^. 214

Gouiomyia connexa, irty 113

Lophosia fasciata, 3/9 212

Macrodiplosis volvens, £/e^ 281

Neopachj'gaster meromelajiia, Dit/". 246

Pacbyrrliina lunulicovnis ScAwm 113

Pbytomyza flaviventris, Ze^i 76

Rhacochlicna toxoneura, -Lw 9

Rliyucbista piolixa, Jfj^f 214

Tephritis elongatula, JiM) 9

ruralis, , 9

tessellata, „ 9

Tipula moiitiuiTi, E'5'_9' 113

Wiunertzii,' „ 113

HEMIPTERA.

Aclerda japonica, JVews^ 84

Antonina socialis, „ 85

Aspidiotus alieuus, „ 81

articnlatus, iforgr 81

Diaspis carueli, Tar^r.-Tosz 82

Fiorina kewensis, 31org 82

HYMENOPTERA.

GENUS.

PAGE

Diuotomus, Forst 249

SPECIES.

Coelioxys mandibularis, ^t/J 166

Diuotomus lapidator, JFa6 249

pxctus, ICriech. 250

Hedychrum rutilans, i)«AZ6 247

Salius propinquus, iep 247

Tomostethus funereus, JE^?«/^ 5

gagathinus, „ 5

LEPIDOPTERA.

SPECIES, &c.
Hadena (Xylophasia) lateritia, Hufn. ... 115

Noctua castanea, Esp., var. n. xanthe,

Woodforde 116

NEUROPTERA.

SPECIES.
Cbrysopa dorsalis, Biirm.

39

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED
IN THIS VOLUME.

DIPTERA.

GENUS.

Neopachygastkii, Anst.

PAGE

.. 245

SPECIES.
Anopheles gigas, Giles, India
culicifacies, „ „
Listoni, ,, „
Tlieobaldi, „ „

196
197
197

198

HEMIFTERA.
SPECIES.

Aclerda japoiiica, Newst., Britain 84

Antoiiiua socialis, „ „ 85

Aspidiotus alienus, „ „ 81

Cicada Houhotei, Distant, Bahama Isles 71

Dactylopius Luffi, Newst., Cruernsey 85

Fiorina keweiisis, „ Britain 82

Heiiicoceplialus Maclachlaiii, Kirk.,

New Zealand... 217

\j\c\\ia\\^\a. n^\\tiA\"£, Newst., Egy])t 83

HYiMENOPTERA.
GENEEA.

Nesodtneeus, PerA-JMS 267

Nyxbophilus, JlfarsA 290

PsEUDOPTERocnEiLUs, Perii«s 266

SPECIES.
Halictus soror, Saund., Balearic Isles ... 209

Nesodyuerus optabilis, Per^., Oi(//«t 267

Noiuada Poultoiii, Saund., Balearic Isles 209
Nyxeophilus corsicus, Marshall, Corsica 291
Odyiierus acyanus, Perk., Oahu 267

epipseustes, „

eucharis, „

homoiophaues,

illudt'iis,

litliophilus,

paludicola,

xerophilus,

267
266
266
267
267
265
266

LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERA.

PAGE

Ac ROD RE PAN IS, Peri-. 251

Mesodina, Jfeyr 168

Nesochlide, Perk 216

SPECIES, &c.

Acrodrepaiiis uesiotes, Perk., Oahn 252_

ISlastobasis (?) evanesceus, Wlsin., Corsica 182

„ . 180

„ . 181

Borkbausenia subgilvida, ,, ,,

veducta, „ ,,

Colcopbora diauthivora, „

Pyr. Orient
Mesodiua ajluropis, Meyr., N. S. Wales
Micropteryx jacobella = imperfectella,
II. -S., yartim, n. n,, Wlsm., Spain ..

Nosocblide epixantba, PerA',, Oahn

Noctua castanea, Esp., var. xantlif, ii. var.

IVoodforde, Englaml

Symraoca delicatella, Wlsm., Corsica ...
ochreopicta, „ „

perpygmffiella, ,, ,,

rosniariuella,

184
168

238
216

ii6

178
.. 178
... 179
S. France 177

NEUKUPTEUA.
GENUS.

Metretopus, E«io« 253

SPECIES.

Cruncecia Keiiipueyi, Morton, Austria ... 69

Drusus Cliapmaui, McLachlan, Ticino ... 162

Leptophlebia Stvandi, it'a^ow, iS^orftw/ .. 253

Metretopus norvegicus „ „ .. 254

ERRATA.

Page 146, line 20 from top,_/o;- " iiiicroptcrous J ," rend " inicropterous ? ."
„ 221, „ 20 „ „ „ " histres," „ " histrio."

I E Je 'OS

Se«™dSerws^No.l33.] januaET, 1901. IFmoE ed.

THE

EBTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITEB BY

C. G. BAREETT, F.E.S. W. W. FO WLEB, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbene.

LONDON

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successobs),
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BEITI8H FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETT OF LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, , Paternoster Row

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PubUshed in 1899—

THE COLEOPTEEA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s, 6d.

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THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully anno-

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F.R.S., F.L.S.,_&n. Price, £3 10s.

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NOW READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XI, New
Series (Vol. XXXVI), strongly bound in Cloth, Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row, E.G.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-Meetings for the
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Aiinual, Wednesday, January 16th, 1901.

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or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed, Meyrick, B.A.,

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^ large stoch of British, European, and Exotic fsejiidoptera,
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L. O N" ID O N.

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CON'l'EN'lS. HAGK

Additions, &c., to the List of British Coleoptera during 1899 and 1900. — Prof.

T. Hudson Bem-e, B.Sc, F.R.S.E., ^c 1

On the Coleoptera of the Faroe Islands. — Dr. 0. M. Renter 3

Audrena helvola, L., and ambigua, Perkins. — Rev. F. D. Moriee, M.A., F.E.S... 4

Two Saw-flies new to Britain. — Id 5

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Dumbartonshire. — J. R. Malloch 5

Aculeate Hymenoptera in the West of Scotland. — A. A. Dalglish, F.E.S 6

Corsican Ants, &C.— 0. C. Bignell, F.E.S 8

Notes on British Trypetidse, with additions to the List. — R. C. Bradley 9

Atherix crassipes, Mg. : a new British Dipteron. — H. W. Andrews, F.E.S 10

Merodon eqnestris, F.—G. C. Bignell, F.E.S 10

Correction concerning Erebia glacialis. — T. .4. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 10

Notes on Lepidoptera from Staffordshire. — R. Freer, M.B 10

Leucania vitelliua, L. albipuncta, Laphygma exigua, Heliothis armigera, &c.,

in South Devon.— G. T. Porritt, F.L.S 11

Lepidoptera in Anglesea. — R. Freer, M.B 13

Autumnal notes from Seaton, Devon. — Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S 13

An unrecorded example of Cloantha perspicillaris from the New Forest. — C

W. Dale, F.E.S 13

New differentia of Agrotis tritici and nigricans. — Capt. B.Blaydes Thompson .. 13

Macrogaster arundinis in Norfolk. — F. D. Wheeler, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S 14

Scottish. Acnleates.— W. Evans, F.R.S.R 15

Spathius exaratus, L., parasitic on Anobium domesticuni, Fourc. — Rev. W. F.

Johnson, M. A., F.E.S 15

Astatus stigma, Panz., and other Aculeate Hymenoptera, &c., on the Lincoln-
shire coast.— Pro/. J. W. Garr, M.A., F.L.S 15

Audrena Hattorfiana, F., and Nomada armata, H.-S., near Oxford. — A. H. Hamm 16

Rare Aculeate Hymenoptera at Hailing, Kent.— H. Elgar 17

Bembex rostrata, L., in Jersey. — IF. Evans, F.R.S-E 17

Blacus armatulus, Ruthe, near Ipswicli. — Glaude Morley, F.E.S 17

Harpalus anxius from the Oxford district. — W. Holland 17

Lathridius Bergrothi, Reitt., and other beetles in a herbarium. — Rev. A.

Thornley, MA., F.L.S 18

Larinus scolymi, Oiiv., at Colchester. —G. C. Ghampion, F.Z.S 18

Reviews, — Classification of the Ichneumon Flies of the Super-Family Ichneu-

monidse : by W. H. Ashmead. — Claude Morley, F.E.S 19

The Structure and Life-History of the Harlequin Fly (Chironomus) :

by L. C. Miall, F.R.S., and A. R. Hammond, F.L.S 19

Obituary.— Pere Armand David, CM. Z.S 19

Baron M. E. de Selys-Longchamps, Hon. F.E.S 20

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 20

South London Entomological, &c., Society 21

Entomological Society of London 23

Trichoptera, Neuroptera-Planipennia, Odonata, and Rhopalocera collected in

Norway in the summer of 1900. — K. J. Morton, F.E.S 24

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Vol. XI, Second Series (1900), ended with the last Number. Sub-
scriptions, 6/- (POST-FREE) for 1901 are now due. Post Office or Postal
Orders may be sent to the Editors. 1, Paternoster Row, London, E.G., or to
either of them personally at his residence. The Subscription for nearly
all foreign countries is now the same as that for the United Kingdom.

Intending new Subscribers should send in their names and addresses
as soon as possible.

Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
Vol. (1901) are requested to do so at their early convenience

Second Series, No. 134.] -pt^r-utta-dv mm it. ^j

[Hn 4.4.11 liiBliUAKl, 1901. [Peice Qd.

[No. 441.]

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOHTHLY MAGAZIHE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. EOWLEB, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, P.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, E.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., E.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL.. XXXVII.]

" J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhene.

LONDON :

GURNET & JACKSON (Me. Yan Vooest's Successobs),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. IVTEBK, Naturalist,

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OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE ON EECEIPX OF STAMP.

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Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Boating, &n., 0/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £5

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y. 6d. ; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets

Cabinets of evert description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

9J

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain ol
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO "NATURE."

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... 18 0

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Yearly

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... 0 7 6

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On January 1st, 1901, was published, royal 8vo, cloth, 780 pages,
with 458 figures. £1 lis. Qd. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)

Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

By Or. HL. V£:il;RA.IL.IL..

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(mr. van yoorst's successors).
Published in 1899—

THE COLEOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s. 6d.
Published last year —

THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully anno-

tated Catalogue of 282 spp. (out of 374 in Britain). Price, 2s. 6d.
By CLAUDE MORLEY, P.E.S., &c.

Plymouth: J. H. KEYS, Whimple Street.

Tlie Practical Slcientlflc Cabinet Iflakers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

Pakevs of ^berg fescription anb <^i^e of Cabinets, dfases, ^tore
gom, Apparatus, anb Ipliances,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists, Geologists, Mineralogists, Numismatists, Conchologists, &c.,

and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c.

MUSEUMS FITTED AND AERANGED.

Specially made Cabinet for Birds' Eggs and Skins. The Drawers

graduate in depth, and are all interchangeable.
ALL BEST WORK. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

8^° All Goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with the Makers.
Send for Full Detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere.

7a, PRINCE'S STREET, CAVENDISH SCIUARS, LONDON, W.

Factories — 34, RIDINa HOTJSE STREET and OGLE STREET, W.

Com'plete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
-^ TRICHOPTERA OP THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &n. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, E.C.
Berlin : Pkiedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

TSrO'W BEADY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XI, New
Series (Vol. XXXVI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNBY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster How. E.G.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:-

Wednesday, February 6th, March 6th and 20th, April 3rd, May 1st,
June 5th, October 2nd and 16th, Xovember 6th and 2Cth, December 4th,
1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 0d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6ri. up to 5 lines; 6d. per line afterwards.
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WATK!HS & OOHCASTEB, iatmiallsts,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6,4/-, 5/-, 7/6; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for ase, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d.,l/-;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6 ; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascn
Inm, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed, Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S,, according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, 4d. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.
/

Ji large stoch of British, Kuropeau, and Exotic J>epidopterat
Coleoptera, and Birds' Eggs,

ElTTOl^OXjOa-IGu^I.. I^IISTS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 23. 6d.

SKOIBT I^OOSS FOR CJUBII^SrrS, ^cc.

4^° ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

LONDON.

Birds and Mammals, ^c, Preserved ^ Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application

C O N T E N T S. PAGt

TrJchoptera, Neuroptera-Planipeniiia, Odonata, and Rhopalocera collected iiF

Norway in the summer of 1900 (concluded). — K. J. Morton, F.E.S 29

A List of the Tortricidse and Tineira of the parish of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire.

—J. B. Malloch 33

The generic nomenclature of the Noctua popularis of Fabricins. — Louis B.

Proutt, F.E.S 36

On a Spanish Bembidium (aubg. Testediolum). — D. Sharp, M.A., M.D., P.R.S... 37

Chrysopa dorsalis, Burm., a species new to Britain.— i?. McLdchlan, F.R.8., Sfc. 39
On the new nomenclature of the family Cecidomyise adopted by Mr. Riibsaamen

and others. — Baron C. R. v. d. Osten Sacken, Hon. F.E.S 40

Aberdeenshire Diptera.— Bev. E. N. Bloomfield, M.A., F.E.S 43

Cerastis ligula, lisp, at Poyntzpass, Ireland. — Rev. W. F. Johnson, M.A., F.E.S. 45
Re-appearance of Gelechia malvella in the London District. — B. A. Bower,

F.E.S 45

Spilodes sticticalis in North-West Kent. — Id 45

Anticlea sinuata in Devon. — 0. F. Mathew, R.N., F.L.S 45

VVharfedale Trichoptera, &C.—6. T. Porritt, F.L.S 46

-^schna mixta, Latr., at Appledoro, Kent. — R. McLachlan, P.R.S., S/'c .. 46

Ctecilius atricornis, M'Lach., at Appledore, Kent. — Id 46

Micromus aphidivorus, Schrk. (angulatus, Steph.), at Oxshott. — Id 46

Mantis religiosa, L., naturalised in the State of New York. — Eds 47

The pale variety of Bombus Smithianus, White, in Scotland. — W. Evans, F.B.S.E. 47

Scottish Aculeates. — Id 48

Chrysis Ruddii, Shuck., in Scotland. — Id 48

Bembex rostrata, L., in Jersey. — W. A. Luff 48

Diptera and Nomadae at Halictus burrows. — H. J. Charhonnier 48

Further note on the habits of Orocharea angustatus, Er. — G. C. Champion,

F.Z.S 48

Myrmus rairiformis near Bude. — 0. C. Bignell, F.E.S 49

Obituary.— Philip Crowley, F.L.S., &o 49

Lord Dormer, F.Z.S., F.E.S 49

John Henry Leech, B.A., F.L.S., &c 49

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 50

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 51

Entomological Society of London 51

Observations on Sphecodes. — Rev. F. D. Moriee, M.A., F.E.S 53

T)R. STAITDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

"^ in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LE1*ID0PTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING PUP.^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTERA (550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDEKS.

Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
Vol. (1901) are requested to do so at their early convenience

POR SALE. — LARV^ AND PUP^ of very many of the
-■- BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of British
Lepidoptera Aculeate Hymenoptera Saw Flies Ichneumons

CoLEOPTERA DiPTERA HEMIPTERA NEUROPTERA.

Preserved, Pupce, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidcyptera, 8fc.
For Price Lists, which are separate, apply to —

W. H. HARWOOD, Colchester.

,.^/^:-^^icy^^

Second Series No. 135.] maecH. 1901.

[No. 442.]

[Peice 6t?.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S

MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

" J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — hahovXhene.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PEINTKR, SEYUOUE STREET.^UM;^"* ^^Si'SVp'iH^o ^

^

MAH13 1901 ]

E. H. M:E;E:k:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON", S.W.,

-Supplies lEntomologisitjs ijoitf) ebnp JUequisitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON EECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/iJ

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 .& 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for B3ating,&c., 0/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KilUng Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/(J, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gro»3.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £?>

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y> 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage. 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets
Cabinets op every description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

5?
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear iu foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all-
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO " NATIJRK."

AbroadJ. £ s. d.
110 6

0 15 6

0 8 0

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILIjAN and CO., Ltd-
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(To all

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On January \st, 1901, was published, royal Suo, cloth, 780 fnges,
with 458 figures. £1 lis. ^d. net.

BEITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species*

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately , 'price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(MR. VAN Voorst's successors).
Published in 1899—

THE COLEOPTEEA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s. 6d.
Published last year —

THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully anno-
tated Catalogue of 282 spp. (out of 374 in Britain). Price, 2s. 6d.
By CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &e.

Plymouth: J. H. KEYS, Whimple Street.

Tlie Practical sicientiflc Cabinet Makers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

glakcrs of ekrg icscnption mxh <^i^e of Cabinets, ^ases, §tore
go=ifcs, Apparatus, mxb |p|Uanas,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists. Geologists, Mineralogists, Numismatists, ConchologistSj &c.,

and for the use ot Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c.

MUSEUMS FITTED AND AEEANGED.

Specially made Cabinet for Birds' Eggs and Skins. The Drawers

graduate in depth, and are all interchangeable.
ALL BEST WORK. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

C^" All Goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with the Makers.
Seud for Full Detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere.

7a, PRINCFS STREET, CAVENDISH SaUARE, LONDON, W.

Factories — 34, RIDINO HOUSE STREET and O&LE STREET, W.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
^^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &n. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates). Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin : Fkiedlandkr und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

EXCHANGE,

Wanted — Erycinidse of the world. Offer — Diurnes from N. A., Central and
Northern South America; also N. A. Birds' Eggs and American Indian Relics. —
Levi W. Mengel, Boys' High School, Reading, Pa., U. S. A.

NO"W READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XI, New
Series (Vol. XXXVI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. E.G.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:—

Wednesday, March 6th and 20th, April 3rd, May 1st, June 5th,
October 2nd and 16th, November 6th and 2Gth, December 4th, 1901,
and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d-

Lowest charge, Ss. 6d. up to 5 lines; 6d. per line afterwards.
Repeated or continuous Advertisements per contract.
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

WATKiHS & BOHCASTEB, Satmialists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- ; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10 ; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
iug Mixture, ready for use, l/9 per tin; Setting Housep, 9/6, 11/6, 14/- ; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d.,l/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel

Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., Sd. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascu
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;

or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, 6. A.,

F.Z.S., P.B.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, |d. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

Jt large stoch of ISritish, European, and Exotic f^epidoptera,
{goleoptera, and Birds' Eggs.

EIDTTOnyLOLOa-IO^^X-. i^'iisrs.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.

SKOiar JE^OOIME FOR CIL^TJ^^irrS, &c.

(^r ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

LONDON.

Birds and Marmnals, Sfc, Preserved ^ Mounted hy first-class workmen .
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application

CONTENTS. PAGE

Observations on Sphecodes {concluded). — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 57

Notes on the Lepidoptera of Northamptonshire. Pt. I, Rhopalocera. — Herbert

Goss, F.L.S.,^c 58

Acanthopsyche opacella : instinct altered when parasitized. — T. A. Chapman,

M.D., F.Z S., ^c 62

Names of Legs of Insects.— G. U. Verrall, V.-P.E.S 64

The completed History of Harpalus FrSlichii, Sturm, as a British Insect. —

Claude Morley, F.E.S 64

Aculeate Hymenoptera in Perthshire. — A.E.J. Carter 67

Hymenoptera Aculeata of Suffolk. — Rev. J. H. Hocking, M.A., F.E.S 68

Description of a new species of Cruncecia (Trichoptera) from Austria. —

Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 69

Description of a new species of Cicadidas from the Bahama Islands. — W. L.

Distant, F.E.S 71

Aculeate Hymenoptera in North Wales. — E. B. Nevinson, F.E.S 72

Aculeate Hymenoptera in the New Forest. — Id . ... 72

Observations on Sphecodes.— (7. J. Wainwright, F.E.S. ... 72

Notes on Piezodorus lituratus, F. — Rei<. W. F. Johnson, M. A., F.E.S 73

Notes on Diptera in the New Forest during 1900. — F. C. Adams, F.Z.S 74

Two unrecorded British Diptera.— C. W. Dale, F.E.S 75

List of Lepidoptera of Cheshire and North Wales. — 0. 0. Day, F.E.S 76

The "Curtis" Collection of British Insects.— J. J. Walker, R.N., F.L.S 76

Review. — British Flies, Vol. viii (Platypezidae, Pipunculidae and Syrphidse) :

by G. H. Verrall, P.E.S.— Col. J. vV. Yerbury, R.A., F.Z.S., cfc 76

Obituary. — Baron Michel Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, Hon. F.E.S. — R.

McLachlan, F.H.S., ^c 78

Society. — South London Entomological, &c. 80

TUESDAY, MARCH 26th, 1901.

IMPORTANT SALE OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

lyrE. J. C. STEVENS will Sell by Auction, at bis Great Eooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, as above, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
the Collection of British Lepidoptera formed by P. W. Abbott, Esq , of Edgbaston,
comprising long series in fine condition and uniformly set, of most of the British
species, including some particularly choice varieties and aberrations, together with
the Cabinets in which they are contained, also Palsearotic Lepidoptera and other
insects, &c.

On view the day prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

T)E. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARVJE ; numerous LIVING PUP^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTERA (550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

■pOR SALE. — LAKV^ AND PUP^ of very many of the
-*- BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of British
Lepidoptera Aculeate Hymenoptera Saw Flies —— Ichneumons

COLEOPTERA DiPTERA HEMIPTERA NeUROPTERA.

Preserved Pupce, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidoptera, ^c.
For Price Lists, which are separate, apply to —

W. H. HAKWOOD, Colchester.

^evUjuo'V^

Second Series, No. 136.] atd-ptx ,oni
[No. 443.] A^Kii., ijoi.

[Peice 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOSTHLY MAGAZISE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, E.E.«. W. W. FOWLER, M.A.,r.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, P.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter daus leurs ecrils toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbene.

LONDON:

GURNET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. ]\J:EEK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDOiNT, S.W.,

-Supplies lEutomologists bjitfj eberp Jaequiiaite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OP STAMP.

Alt Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, I/O, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Hd.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £i

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11,8/6 Tin Y> 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

Cabinets or every description mabe to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Con-espoudence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
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Quarterly

... 0 7

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Quarterly

0 8

0

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin's Street, London, W.C.

On January 1st, 1901, was published, royal Svo, cloth, 780 pages,
with i^^^ figures. £1 lis. Qd. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

PEESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(MR. VAN Voorst's successors).
Published in 1899—

THE COLEOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s. 6ci.
Published last year —

THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully anno-
tated Catalogue of 282 spp. (out of 374 in Britain). Price, 2s. (yd.
By CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

Plymouth: J. H. KEYS, Whimple Street.

Tlie Practical Scientific Cabinet Makers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

Slakers of eberg fescnptioii anb <^i^e of Cabinets, djases, ^tore
iojfcs, liparatus, an& Appliances,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists. Geologists, Mineralogists,' Numismatists, Conchologists, &c.,

and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c.

MrSEUMS FITTED AND ARRANGED.

Specially made Cabinet for Birds' Eggs and Skins. The Drawers

graduate in depth, and are all interchangeable.
ALL BEST WORK. ESTIMMES QIVEN.

%^' All Goods at Store Prices. Oreat advantages in dealing direct with the Makers.
Send for Full Detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere. #

7a, PRINCE'S STREET, CAVENDISH SaUARS, LONDON, W.

Factories — 34, RIDIN& HOUSE STREET and O&LE STREET, W.

Comjjlete in one thick voZwme, royal Svo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings ;

A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
^^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &n. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates). Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, E.G.
Berlin : Fkiedlandke und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

^1

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

George Lewis, /rowi Southampton, tn 87, Frant Road, Tunbridge Wells.

NO"W READY.
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol, XI, New
Series (Vol. XXXVI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GtTRNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. E.C

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:-

Wednesday, April 3rd, May 1st, June 5th, October 2nd and 16th,
November 6th and 2Cth, December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednes-
day, January 15th, 1902.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

"Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to 5 lines; 6d. per line afterwards.
Repeated or continuous Advertisements per contract.
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

WATKIHS & eOHCASTEB, iatupM^j,

Keep iu stock all Articles for Entomologists, Oruitliologists, Botanists, '&c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxc-s, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- ; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10 ; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from ]/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6 ; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, -with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera,
Exchange Lists, ^d. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

Jt large stocfe of British, European, and Exotic f^epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Eirds' Eggs.

EisrTo:]yLOi_.oa-io^^L_. i=>ins.

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CONTENTS. PAGE

Observations on Coccidse (No. 19). — B. Newstead, F.E.S 81

Moth catching by electric light at the Boer Camp, Diyatalawa, Ceylon. — E.

Ernest Green, F.E.S 87

Some remarks on the British species of Limnius. — 0. C. Champion, F.Z.S. .. 90

The Life-history of Warble-flies. — Ernest E. Austen . 92

Hymenopterological Notes. — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 96

Ceuthorrhynchidius mistus, Muls. and Rey, at Porlock. — W, H. Bennett, F.E.S. 98
The late Mr. Lennon's collection of British Coleoptera. — Prof. T. Hudson

Beare, P.R.S.E., Si'c 99

Steni gliding on the surface of water. — A. Piffard 99

Lophopteryx carmelita, Esp., in the New Forest. — E. R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S .. 99

Dark aberration of Enpithecia nanata at Shirley, Surrey. — Id 99

Vanessa A utiopa at Woking. — E. Saunders, F.L.S., Sfc. 100

Note on the weight of pupae of Acherontia Atropos. — H. F. Fryer, F.E.S 100

Native method of catching Cicadaj in Lower Siam. — Eds 100

An unrecorded recent native example of .^schna isosceles, Mixll. (rafescens,

Y. d. 'L.).—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., ^c 101

Revieav. — The larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths : by (the late) Wm.

Bulkier: edited by Geo. T. Porritt. Vol. ix 101

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 102

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 103

South London Entomological, &c., Society 104

Entomological Society of London 104

The genus Heteromyza, Falle'n (Helomyzidse).— J. E. Collin, F.E.S 106

T)K. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

■^ in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEl'IDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING PUP^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTERA (.joO).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

Now Ready. Third Edition.

THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S GUIDE,

Considerably Enlarged, freely Illustrated, and brought to twentieth century date.
PRICE, ONE SHILLING.

Published by GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Bow, E.G.; also sold
by AVATKINS and DONCASTEE, 36, Strand, London, "W.C.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol, xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols- at £1 per set net (if bound, Is, per Vol. extra).

Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29th, 1893.

^JUJ^W

Second Series, No. 137.] ^.^ ,om

[No. 444.]

[Price 6c?.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. EOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, E.E.S
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.iS.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.tS., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute pei'sonnalite, 1
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbenc. ^" . ■J.'i Of Ct,. . ">^

A 0C>^' I 1

-vij.

MAY 13 1901

LONDON,. \^„,p,pof:.

GUENEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Voosst's Successobs)^
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

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OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON BECEIPT OP STAMP.

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Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 1 8, for Boating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KilUng Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, lid.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 groua.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £'i

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, IG x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

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The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

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On January 1st. 1901, toas published, royal 8yo, cloth, 780 pages,
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BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)

Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

JBy Gh. H. VJllI^RALIj,

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

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THE COLEOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
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W. L. Distant, from Upper Warlingham, to Steine House, Selhurst Road,
South Norwood, S.E.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.— Meetings for the
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Wednesday, May 1st, June 5th, October 2nd and 16th, November
6th and 2Cth, December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January
15h, 1902.

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WATKIHS & GOHCASTEH, iatmialists,

Keep iu stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- ; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10 ; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10^.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2cl., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascu
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., P.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, ^d. each, 4d. per dozen; Label Lists, 9d. each.

Ji large stock of British, European, and Exotic faepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and lairds' Eggs.

EIDTTOnyCOLOO-IO^^L. FIISTS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.

SKomr Rooivi: foi^ caibim^sts, &,c,

|^g° ONLY ADDRESS—

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LONDON.

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CONTENTS. PAGE

The genua Heteromyza, Fallen (Ilelomyzidae) (concluded). — J. E. Collin, F.E.S. 109

Tipulidoe in the West of Scotland. —fJobert Henderson 113

Hadena lateritia, Hufn., a Noctua new to Britain, taken in South Wales. — C.

G. Barrett, V.-P.E.S 115

Noctna castanea, Esp., var. xantho, n. v. — F. C. Woodforde, B.A., F.E.S 116

On some teratological specimens of Lepidoptera (continued). — Sir O. Hampson,

bart., B.A., F.Z.S 117

Notes on Metzneria littorella, Dgl. — Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S 121

Curious experience with Lasiocanipa quercus. — Edward Andrews 124-

Application for British Stratiomyidse, &c. — 0. H. Verrall, V.-P.E.S. 126

Selenia bilnnaria, Esp. (^ illunaria, Hb.), apparently not double brooded in

Scot\fir\A.— IV. Evans, F.R.S.E 126

Dark aberration of Heliothis peltigera, SchifF. — E. R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S. 127
Acanthopsyche opacella : correction of an error. — T. A. Chapman, M.D., P.Z S. 127

Observations on Sphecodes. — Willoughby Gardner, F.L.S 127

Corsican Ants brej;! (Leptothorax angustulus, Nyl., and Bothriomyrniex meri-

AioniiViB, Roger).— G. C. Bignell, F.E.S. .. 127

Note on Athalia spinarum, L. — R. McLachlan, F.R.S 128

SociETy. — Entomological Society of London 128

Notes on Lepidoptera observed on a visit to the Engadine in 1900. — T. A.

Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 130

■r)K STAIJDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

"^ in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEl'IDOPTEHA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING PUP^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTEUA (.550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 15th.

A GREAT SALE OF EGGS, INCLUDING A FINE EGG OP THE
^PYORNIS MAXIMUS.

TI/TR. J. C. STEVENS will Sell by Auction, at his Great Eooms,

38, King Street, Covent Gaiden, on Wednesday, May 15th, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, several Small Collections of Duplicate Eggs belonging to Heatley
Noble, Esq., including Stellers Eider, King Eider, &c. ; also from W. Wells
Bladen, Esq., and Herbert Massey, Esq.'s Collections.

Catalogue in preparation. On View day prior from 10 till 4.

Ti^OR SALE. — The Original Drawings (exquisitely coloured) of the
■^ Larvae of British Lepidoptera, with Notes, by the late Mr. W. Buckler, of
Emsworth, representing about 900 species, are for sale. They formed the materials
on which nine Annual Volumes of the Publications of the Ray Society were based.
For particulars, apply to the

Eev. Professor THOS. "WILTSHIRE, D.Sc, 25, Granville Park,
Lewisham, London, S-E

JgNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, WEDNESDAY,

MAY 1st, 1901, at 8 p.m. — Papers to he read :

" The Metamorphoses of ^schna cyanea, illustrated by Photographs taken from

life :" by Frederick Enock, F.L.S.
" The Classification of a New Family of the Lepidoptera :" by Sir George Hampson,

Bart., B.A., F.Z.S.

"Further Contributions to the Knowledge of African Phytophagous Coleoptera :"
by Martin Jacoby, F.E.S.

Second Series, No. 138.] tttmt? i om
r-NTn dlt^n JUNE, 1901.

[No. 445.]

[Peice Qd.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S

MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plusBincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbene. >^ >..^K^^>^

LONDON:

JUN 10 im

V/SONIAN Ot?*^5^

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

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Pocket Folding Net,3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,forB2ating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/G, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow C;hip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, Cd. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
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Cabinets of every description made to order. Estimates given.

^'NATURE,"

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" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign jouroals ; Keports of the Proceedings of
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matters of current scientific interest.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.— Meetings for the
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December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

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Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxt-s, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- ; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10 ; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6 ; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Yascu
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, id. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

^ large stoch of British, European, and Exotic l>epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and lairds' Eggs.

EnsTTonynoLoa-ia^^iL. fi:ns.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.

§^ ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

JL. o N" D o isr.

Birds and Mammals, Sfc, Preserved ^Mounted hy first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application

C O N T E iS T S. PAGE

Notes on Lepidoptei-a observed on a visit to the Engadine in 1900 {con-

cluded).^T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 133

On some Geometrides from the Grisous collected by Dr. T. A. Chapman in

1900.— Louis B. Prout,F.E.S 136

Hermaphrodite Hawaiian Odynerus. — R. C. L, Perkins, B.A 139

Hermaphrodite specimen of Podalirius retusus, L. — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A.,

F.E.S 141

Note on Athalia spinarum. — Claude Morley, F.E.S. . 142

The Types of Heer's Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. — D. Sharp, M.A., M.B.,

F.R.S 143

Some critical remarks on various species of Bruchus. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. 144
Pei'lidsB taken in Norway in June and July, 1900, with remarks on certain

Arctic forms. — Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 146

The insects of Northamptonshire. — H. Ooss, F.L.S. 148

Note on a form of Vanessa urtica?, L. — ^ D. Imms 148

Melanism in Larentia multistrigaria. — G. T. Porritt, F.L.S 149

Note on Metzneria littorella, Dgl. — Sydney Wehb 150

Aculeate Hymenoptera at Tintagel, North Cornwall. — G. A. James Rothney,

F.E.S loO

Tipulidae in the West of Scotland (corrections). — Robert Henderson 150

Ceroplatiis sesioides, Whlbg. : correction of name. — F. C. Adams, F.Z.S 150

Volucella zunaria, Poda, in the Channel Islands. — ColhranJ. Wainwright, F.E.S. lol

Aporomyia dubia, Fall., in Sutton Park. — Id 151

Note on Encepha'ns complicans, Westw.— Claiide Morley, F.E.S 151

Reviews. — Botanik und Zoologie in Osterreich in den Jahres, 1850 bis 1900 .. 152
List of British and Irish Spiders : by Rev. 0. P. Cambridge, M.A.,

F.R.S 153

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 153

South London Entomological, &c.. Society 154

Entomological Society of Loudon 155

Coleoptera round about Jerusalem. — A. H. Stvinton, F.E.S 156

Wo have just received the sad news of the death of Mons. A. Constant, at bis
residence near Cannes, on the 13th of May. — Eds.

T)R. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,

"^ in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; laOO kinds of PREPARED LARV.^ ; numerous LIVING PUP^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTEUA (550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

l^OR SALE.— Collection coutaining 5500 specimens of AMEEICAN

-*- DIPTERA, all neatly mounted, in first class condition, labelled with exact
locality, date, altitude, and in most cases botanical names of plants on flowers of
which same were collected. A most interesting lot, containing many rare, unique,
little known and new forms, with a considerable number of types and co-types.
All from regions hitherto unexplored for Diptera, or but slightly collected in, viz.,
Sierra Madro Mountains of Western Chihuahua, Mexico (6500-7500 feet) ; White
Mountains of New Mexico (6500-11,000 feet) ; Lower Rio Grande of Texas (Semi-
tropical— sea level) ; States of Veracruz and Tabasco (sea-level). Price £100.
Address— C. H. T- TOWNSEND, El Paso, Texas.

CJNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, WEDNESDAY,

JUNE 5th, 1901, at 8 p.m. — Papers to he read :

" Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, &c., iu British Coleoptera:" by Horace

St. J. Donisthorpo. F.Z.S.
"A Revision of the American Notodontidse ." by W. Schaus, F.Z.S.

Second Serie^s^ No. 139.J ^jjj^^ ^go^ LPkice 6d.

THE

ErrOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.K.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les liniites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — -Lahoulbene.

LONDON: f"^

f-S>'^

^^"■.:^,,.

JUL ^ 190|

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van YooesV^^uccessoes), ^
1, PATEENOSTEE EOwN^-.^'^'^^ Dt?^^

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

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Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, lSc 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box. 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KilUng Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/(5, 1/8, 1/10, c't 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Hd.)

Bottle of Mite Hestroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Stoie Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y. 6d. ; Brass Y, 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage. 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

Thf New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FORl'lGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
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Cabinets of every description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

55
A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6cl.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
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contains Reviews of all I'ecent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
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Office: St. Martin's Street, London, W.C.

0)1 January \st, 1901. was published, royal Svo, cloth, 780 pnyes,
with 458 figures. £1 11*. Qd. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species .

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(mr. van Voorst's successors).
Published in 1S99—

THE COLEOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue

of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s. 6d.
Published last year —

THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully an.;o

tated Catalogue of 282 spp. (out of 374 in Britain). Price, 2s. (id.
By CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

Plymouth: J. H. KEYS, Whimple Street.

Xlie Practical i»cieiit]flc Cabinet Hakers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

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^QXts, gparatiis, anb f pj)liances,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists. Geologists, Mineralogists, Numismatists, Conchologists, &c.,

and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c.

MUSEUMS PITTED AND AEBANGED.

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Complete in one thick volume, royal Svo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
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A MONOGRAPHIC REVISIOX AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
"^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachi.an,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jacksox, 1, Pat(!rnoster Row, E.G.
Berlin ■ Friedlandkr und Sohx, 11, Carlstrasse.

CHANGE OP ADDRESS.
A. Thurnall, to Mascotte, Whitehall Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey.

ERRATUM.
Page 1-if?, ante, line 20 from top, for " micropterous <? ," read " micropterous ? ."

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. -Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:-

Wednesday, October 2nd and 16th, November 6th and 2Cth,
December 4th, 1901, and Annual. Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

XpOR SALE. — LARV.^ AND VUPM of very mauy of the
^ BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also line and well-set specimens of British
Lepiduptera Aculeate Hymenoptera Saw Plies Ichneumons

COLEOPTERA DiPTERA HeMIPTERA NEUROPTEKA.

Preserved Pupce, Pupa Cases, and Cocoons of Lepidoptera, ^"c.
FcM- Price Lists, which are separate, apply to —

W. H. HARWOOD. Colchester

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 8d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6i. up to 5 lines; 6d. per line afterwards.
Repeated or continuous Advertisements per contract
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

WATKIHS & GOHCASTEB, Saturalists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, «/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready foi- use, 1/9 per tin; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, ]■!/- ; Glass
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Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useftd for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (sti'ongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
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Taxidern.ists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
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pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu
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English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;

or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, ^d. each, 4d. per dozen; Label Lists, 9d. each.

^ large stoch of British, European, and Exotic J:«epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and JSird.s' Eggs.

EiNrTo:]ynor.oa-iG^^r_. Fiisrs.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.

SHEOVir ROOIVI FOR CAlBXN^SrTS, &c.

^^ ONLY ADDRESS —

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

LONDON.

Birds and Mammals, §fc.. Preserved ^ Mounted, hy first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application

C O N T E N T S. PAGE

Coleoptera round about Jerusalem (concluded). — A. H. Swinton, F.E.S 157

Trichoptera, Planipennia, and Pseudo-Neuroptera collected by Dr. T. A. Chap-
man and Mr. G. C. Champion in the Upper and Lower Engadine in July,

1900.— R. McLachlan, F.E.S 160

A new species of Trichoptera from Switzerland. — Id 162

Notes on certain Palaearctic species of the genus Hemerobius .- H. concinnus,

and its var. quadrifasciatns. — K. J. Morton, F.E.S 163

Hemerobius longifrons, Walker, is not to be included in the European Fauna.

—R. McLachlan, F.R.S 165

Coelioxys mandibularis, Nyl., an addition to the British List of Aculeates. —

Willoughhy Gardner, F.L.S 166

Coelioxys mandibularis, Nyl. —Bdward Saunders, F.L.S. . 167

A new genus and species of Australian Hesperiadae. — E. Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S. 168
Rediscovery of Loxopera deaurana, Peyr., with an account of its Life-History.

— r. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z S., with notes by J. Hartley Durrani, F.E.S... 169

Spring Notes from South Devon.— Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S 171

Metopius dcatatus, P., bred from Bombyx quercus. — G. C. Bignell, F.E.S 171

Odontaeus mobilicornis, P., at Woking. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 171

Dryophilus pusilla, Gyll., at Helsby, Cheshire. — J. Harold Bailey, M.B. 171

Licinus depressus, Payk., in North StaSbrdshire. — Id 171

Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, in Costa Rica. — Prof. T. D. Cockerell, F.L.8.... 171

Vanessa Antiopa, &c., in the Isle of Wight.— H. Goss, F.L.S 171

Papilio Machaon, L., taken in Hampshire. — F. C. Adams, F.Z.S 172

Review. — Staudinger (O.) und Rebel (H.). Catalog der Lepidopteren des
palsearctischen Faunengebietes. Dritte Auflage. — J. Hartley

Durrant, F.E.S. .- 172

Obituary. — Alexandre Constant 173

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 174

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 175

New Corsican and French Micro-Lepidoptera (continued). — Rf. Hon. Lord

Walsinghavi, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S 177

R. FRIEDLANDEE. & SON, Publishers, Berlin, N."W.. Carlstrasse, 11.

JUST READY.

CATALOG DEE LEPIDOPTEREN

DES PAL^ARCTISCHEN FAUNENGEBIETES
DR. O. STAUDINGER und DR. H. REBEL.

THIRD EDITION OF

CATALOG DER LEPIDOPTEREN des EUROPAISCHES FAUNENGEBIETES.

Two Parts in One Volume, royal 8vo, of XXXII, 411 and 368 pages, with
Portrait of Dr. Staudinger. May, 19Ul.

Bound in Cloth, /Sixteen Shillings ; in Paper Covers, Fifteen Shillings.

To be had separately from the Catalogue—

Index der Familien und Gattungen, Index der Arten, Varietaten, Aberrationen,

und deren Synon) me. 102 pages, royal Svo. Price Two Shillings.

Now Ready. Third Edition.

THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S GUIDE,

Considerably Enlarged, freely Illustrated, and brought to twentieth century date.
PRICE, ONE SHILLING.

Published by QURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Eow, E.G.; also sold
by WATKINS and DONCASTER, 36. Strand, London, W.C.

Second Seri^s^No. 140.] ^^TGUST, 1901. [Pbice 6^.

THE

EBTOMOLOGIST'S
MOHTHLY MA6AZ1BE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL.. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhene. ^-^^ L ^T, "~"

>' J: \

AUG 14 1901

GUENEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van VooEsTrSuccissoBs),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. MIBEK:, Naturalist,

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Supplies lEntomolosists toitl) t'ott^ Jaequisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OP STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating.&c, 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Hd.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6tl., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £'i

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

show room for cabinets

Cabinets of eveet desceiption made to oedee. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

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& s. d.

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Half- Yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

On January 1st, 1901, was published, royal Syo, cloth, 780 pages,
with 458 figures. £1 lis. 6^. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHID^, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of tlie European species .
By Gh. H. VJEI^RALL. •

PEESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLO&ICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(mr. van Voorst's successors).
Published in 1899—

THE COLEOPTEEA OF SUFFOLK, a fully annotated Catalogue
of 1763 spp., with sketch of Geology, Flora, &c. Price, 3s. 6d.
Published last year —

THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA OF SUFFOLK, a fully anno-
tated Catalogue of 282 spp. (out of 374 in Britain). Price, 2s. 6d.

By CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

Plymouth: J. H. KEYS, WTiimple Street.

Tlie Pi'iicticifcl !*lcientific Cabinet Hakers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

lilakers of eijerg fescnptioit anb .^i^c of Cabinets, OJascs, ^tou
'§oxts, Apparatus, aub gppliauces,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists. Geologists, Mineralogists, Numismatists, Conchologists, &e.,

and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c.

MUSEUMS FITTED AND ARRANGED.

Specially made Cabinet for Birds' Eggs and Skins. The Drawers

graduate in depth, and are all interchangeable.
ALL BEST WORK. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

(^~ All Goods at Store PHces. Great advantages in dealing direct with the Makers.
Send for Full Detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere.

7a, PRINCE'S STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W.

Factories — 34, EIDIN& HOUSE STREET and O&LE STREET, W.

Comjplete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MONOGEAPHIC REVISION AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
^^^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jacksox, 1, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

Dr. M. Cameron, R.N.,/rom H.M.S. "Cleopatra," to H.M.S. "Harrier,"

Mediterranean Station.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.— Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:—

Wednesday, October 2nd and 16tli, November 6th and 2Cth,
December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

■pOR SALE. — LARV^ AND FUPM of very many of the
-*- BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of British
Lepidoptera Aculeate Hymenoptefia Saw Flies Ichneumons

COLEOPTERA DiPTERA HeMIPTERA NeUROPTERA.

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Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

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Exchange Lists, id. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

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CONTENTS. PAOE

New Corsican and French Micro-Lepidoptera {continued). — Rt. Hon. Lord

Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S 181

A List of the Tortricidse and Tineina of the parish of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire

{concluded). — J. R. Malloch 185

Kevision of the Nomenclature of Micro-Lepidoptera (continued). — Rt. Hon.

Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., and J. Hartley Durrani, F.E.S. ... 189
Further Notes on South African Lepidoptera {continued). — Frances Barrett,

edited by C. G. Barrett, V.-P.E.S 191

Pyrales, Tortrices and Tineina observed on a visit to the Engadine in 1900. —

T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 195

Descriptions of four new species of Anopheles from India. — Lt.-Col 0. M.

Giles, M.B., F.R.C.S., LM.S. retd 196

Rare Diptera in Herefordshire. — C.J. Waiyiwright, F.E.S 198

Lipara tomentosa, Mcq. (= rufitarsis, Lw.), and two rare Tipulidae at Seaton.

—C. W. Dale, F.E.S 199

Two rare Diptera in the New Forest. — F. C. Ada7ns, F.Z.S. 199

Odontaeus mobilicornis, F., at Tunbridge Wells. — G. Lewis, F.L.S 199

Albinic aberration of Baccra lanceolana, Hb. — E. R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S 199

Argyresthia Atmoriella, Bnks., in the Isle of Purbeck. — Id 200

Note on Metzneria littorella, Dgl.— Zd . ... 200

Hemerobius concinnus, var. quadrifasciatus. — Q. T. Porritt, F.L.S 201

A new Russian Entomological Journal 201

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 201

South London Entomological, &c., Society 202

Entomological Society of London 202

We regret to announce the death of Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., F.E.S.,
which occurred on July 19th, in her 74th year.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol xxv inclusive, are
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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

Mcnj 29th, 1893.

R. FRIEDLaNDER & SON, Publishers, Berlin. N.W., Carlstrasse, 11.

JUST READY.

CATALOG DER LEPIDOPTEREN

DES PAL^ARCTISCHEN FAUNENGEBIETES
DR. O. STAUDINGER und DR. H. REBEL.

THIRD EDITION OF

CATALOG DEK LEPIDOPTEREN des EUROPAISCHES FAUNENGEBIETES.

Two Parts in One Volume, royal 8vo, of XXXII, 411 and 368 pages, with
Portrait of Dr. Staudinger. May, 1901.

Bound in Cloth, Sixteen Shillings ; in Paper Covers, Fifteen Shillings.

To be had separately from the Catalogue—

Index der Familien und Gattnngen, Index der Arten, Varietaten, Aberrationen,

und deren Synon} me. 102 pages, royal Svo. Price Two Shillings.

,/!/'

Second Series No. 141.J guPTEMBEE, 1901. LPeice 6rf.

[No. 448.]

THE

EDTOMOLOGIST'S
MOSTHLY MAGAZISE.

EDITED BT

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII. J

r

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
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BRITISH FLIES

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to 2, Heriot Row, Edinburgh.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON— Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:—

Wednesday, October 2nd and ISth, November 6th and 2Cth,
December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

TT'OR SALE. — LARV^ AND PUP.E of very many of the
^ BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA; also fine and well-set specimens of British
Lepidoptera Aculeate Hymenoptera Saw Plies Ichneumons

COLEOPTERA DiPTERA HEMIPTERA NeUROPTERA.

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Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
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Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
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This Number contains 28 Pages.

CONTENTS. PAGE

Balearic Insects : Introduction. — Prof. E. B. Poulton, M.A., F.R.S., ^c 205

Balearic Insects : Hymenoptera Aculeata, with descriptions of some new

species. — E. Saunders, F.L.S., iS~c 208

Summary of an article by Prof. F. Plateau, intituled, " Les Syrphides, admirent

ils les coulenrs des fleurs?" — Eds 211

Lophosia fasciata, Mg., a new British Dipteron. — F. C. Adams, F.Z.S 212

Tachinidaa collected in 1900.— Co?6raw jr. Wainwright, F.E.S. 212

On a new genus of Georaetridae from the Hawaiian Islands. — R. C. L. Perkins,

B.A 215

An addition to the Rhynchotal Fauna of New Zealand (Henicocephalus Mac-

]ach\am).— G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S 217

Notes on a few days' collecting (Coleoptera) at Madeira. — M. Cameron, M.B.,

B.N 220

Notes on certain palaearctic species of the genus Hemerobius (H. inconspicuus,

McLach., and li. -peUncidMa, Yf\]s..).—K. J. Morton, F.E.S 222

Pyrrhosoma tenellnm, Vill., in Merionethshire. — Id 224

Coleoptera in North Wales. — Rev. Theodore Wood, F.E.S. 225

Dryophilus pusillus, Gyll., in Cumberland. — F. H. Day 225

Notes on the pairing of Lampyris noctiluca. — CZaitde Morley, F.E.S. 226

Vanessa Antiopa in Shetland. — J. J. F. X. King, F.E.S 226

Abundance of Lycaena argiolus near London. — R. McLachlan, F.R.S., ^c... ... 227

On the oviposition of Lycasna Icarus.— G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S 227

Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Breadalbane District of Perthshire. — H. Ooss,

F.L.S., ^c 227

Curious nest of Odynerus. — L. Doncaster, B.A 228

Reviews.— Familiar Butterflies and Moths : by W. F. Kirby, F.L.S., &c 229

The Stridnlating Organs of Waterbugs, especially of Corixida): by

G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S.— £. Saiwiders, F.i.S 229

Obituary.— Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., F.R. Met. Soc, F.E.S. 230

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 231

South London Entomological, &c., Society 231

J)E. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
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IMPORTANT NOTICE.

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The Editors will pay 2s, each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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May 29th, 1893.

^NA./'W-

Second Series, No. 142.] nm^nm^-if mm id oj

r-vr„ aIq-\ -' OCIOBEK, 1901. [Price 6c?.

[No. 449,

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAEKETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbene.

LONDON

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successors),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

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Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

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Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, lid.)

Bottle of Mite I >estroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

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Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

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Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y. lA for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

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"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain ol
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
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On January 1st, 1901, was published, royal 8uo, cloth, 780 pages,
ivith 458 figures. £1 lis. Qd. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHIDiE, &c.)

Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

By Gh. EC. VJBRRAIjIj.

PRESIDENT or THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(mr. van Voorst's successors).

-pERKSHIEE INSECTS.— WiU Lepidopterists, Coleopterists,
"^ Hymenopterists, or Hemipterists, who have collected in Berkshire be kind
enough to communicate, as early as possible, with —

W. HOLLAND or A. H. HAMM, University Museum, Oxford.

The Practical iicientiflc Cabinet IMIaliei'S.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
R. T. C ASS xh, from Ashby, Doncaster, to The Moant, Laxoy, Isle of Man.

EXCHANGE.

Duplicates : Hesperia lineola, unset (this year's). Desiderata : local butterflies.
— W. R. Haywakd, Sawbridgewoi-th, Herts.

Duplicates : contiguaria, iaornata, ambigua, auachoreta (St. Leonards), radiata
and other extreme forms of lubrioipeda, rubidata, autumnaria (Dover), fuscautaria,
saucia, neglecta, illustraria, betulella, and many others. Desiderata : apiformis,
asellus, helveola, rotundaria, conspicuata, constrictata, dodonoata, coronata, Steven-
sata, auricoraa, caliginosa, pyrophila, somibruunea, flesula, dentalis, terrealis,
stachydalis, costsestrigalis, lineolalis, resinalis, alpinalis, verbascalis, straminalis,
laucealis, myelins, fascelinelhis, Farrella, mucrouellus, gigantellus, carnella, achati-
nella, bistriga, angustella, abietella, adelphella, geuistella, anella, festaliella, pilosella,
tetradactylus, &c. — Geo. T. PouRirr, Croslaud Hall, near Huddersfield.

Wanted. — Information as to the occurrence of Tapinostola Hellmanni in
Monk's Wood, Hants. Specimen.^ from this locality also wanted. — Francis
Gayner, Queen Square, London, W.C. .

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDOM.-Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:-

Wednesday, October 2nd and 16th, November 6th and 2Cth,
December 4th, 1901, and Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

WATKINS & GOHCASTEB, iatmialists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
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or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoi^tera.
Exchange Lists, jd. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

Ji large stoch of British, Euroiiean, an4 Hxotic J»epiclaptera,
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CONTENTS. PAGE

Spanish Micro-Lepidoptera. — Rt. Hon. Lord Walsinghani, M.A., LL.D.,F.R.S.,Sfc. 233

Balearic Insects : Hemiptera-Heteroptera. — E. Saimclers, F.LS. 239

An addition to the British StratiomyidEe, witli the description of a new genus.

— Ernest E. Aii^sten 241

Two unrecorded British Hymenoptera : Hedychrum rntilans, Dahlb., and (?)

Sahus propinquus, Lep. — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S. 247

On an Ichneumonid genus, and two species new to Britain. — Claude Morley,

F.E.S 249

A new genus of Hawaiian Cieometridae. — R. C. L. Perkins, B.A 251

Ephemeridso collected by Herr E. Strand in South and Arctic Norway. — Rev.

A. E.Eaton, M. A., F.E.S 252

Melaudrya barbata, F., in the New Forest. — Q. C. Champioyi, F.Z.S 255

Attelabns curculionoides, L., attacking chestnut and hornbeam. — Rev. E. N.

Bloomfield, M.A., F.E.S 256

Vanessa Antiopa in Middlesex. — H. Goss, F.L.S 256

Vanessa Antiopa at Eltham. — A. H.Jones, F.E.S 257

Vanessa Antiopa near Maidstone. — A. 0. Walker, F.L.S 257

Vanessa lo in Ireland. — Rev. W. F. Johnsorc, M.A., F.E.S 257

Larvse of Sphinx convolvuli in Yorkshire. — A. Whitaher 257

Sphinx convolvuli in Surrey. — H. Goss, F.L.S 258

Plusia moneta at Eltham. — A. H. Jones, F.E.S 258

Acherontia Atropos in Dumbartonshire. — J. R. Malloch 258

Catocala nupta in north-west London. — J. W. Douglas, F.E.S 258

Rapid Development of Snierinthus ocellatus. — A. E. Stearns, F.E.S 258

Pompilus approximans, &c., in North Wales. — R. C. Bradley 259

Andrena helvola, L., in Scotland.— J. R. Malloch 259

Sirex gigas in Ireland. — L. H. Bonaparte Wyse. 259

Attraction of the flowers of Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Veitchii) for the Hive

Bee.—R. McLachlan, F.R.S., ^c 259

Anthrax paniscus, Rossi, at Criccieth. — R. 0. Bradley 259

Insects found around Jerusalem (Supplementary). — A. H. Swinton, F.E.S 260

J)K. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, fi-om all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING FVPJE, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3U00 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTEHA (550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

TO MUSEUMS, PRIVATE COLLECTORS, AND OTHERS.

IMPORTANT AUCTION SALE OF NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29th, at 12.30.

]I|R. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Kooms, 38, King Street, W.C,

•*■ -^ in a Special Sale, about 300 Lots of EGGS, comprising many beautiful speci-
mens in perfect condition ; authentic data with all sets. This Sale will offer a
splendid opportunity to Collectors wishing to acquire particularly clean and many
rare examples. Also to be offered in the same Catalogue the unique collection,
comprising about 50 Lots of ALBINO, PIED, and other rare varieties of British
and other BIRDS, as formed by the late Mr. William Atkinson, of Hammersmith.
There are many rare varieties seldom offered for sale. All these specimens are
beautifully mounted in bow front cases. Catalogues post free on application.

On January \st, L901, was published, royal Svo, cloth, 780 pages,
loith 458 figures. £1 ll^. Qd. net.

BRITISH FLIES

(SYRPHIDiE, &c.)
Including a Synonymic Catalogue of the European species.

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

The Catalogue may he had separately, price 5s. net.

GURNEY and JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row

(MR, VAN Voorst's successors).
■pERKSHIRE IXSECTS.— Will Lepidopterists, Coleopterists,

Hymenoptei-ists, or Hemipterists, who have collected in Berkshire be kiad
enough to commuuicate, as early as possible, with —

W. HOLLAND or A. H. HAMM. University Museum, Oxford.

Tlie Practical Scientific Cabinet Makers.

J. T. CROCKETT & SON

(Established 1847),

lilakcrii of e&cr^ iescription aitb ^i^e of Cabinets, (Kascs, ^tore
io3fes, gparatus, aiib Ippliances,

And Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Entomologists, Botanists,

Ornithologists. Geologists, Mineralogists, Numismatists, Conehologists, &c.,

and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &o.

MUSEUMS FITTED AND AERANGED.

Specially made Cabinet for Birds' Eggs and Skins. The Drawers
graduate in depth, and are oXl interchangeable.

ALL BEST WORK. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

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Com.'plete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
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First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin • Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

t?^

^''"''^[No'S'^^^*^ NOVEMBER, 1901. [Phice 6^.

THE

EilTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.«. E. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XII.

[vox.. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter daus leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbenc.

LONDON:

GURNET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, FRliNTKR, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. MiEEKI, Naturalist,

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"NATURE,

55

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EXCHANGE.

Aculeate Hymenoptera. — Collectors of this or other sections who may have
records of or unidentified specimens of the above from the southern poi'tion of
Scotland might kindly communicate same to J. R. Malloch. Unidentified speci-
mens will be returned after identification, and all records will receive ilae
recognition on publication of the "List of Scottish Aculeates" now in preparation.
— 17, Dillichip Terrace, Bonhill, Dumbartonshire.

Duplicates: Hymenoptera Aculeata — few specimens of Andrena fucata, Ody-
nerus parietum, &c. Desiderata: nnmerous types.

Duplicates : Tinea imella (10), mines of LithocoUetis sorbi (dark form) Scotch.
Desiderata : Tortricidse and Tineina. — J. R. M alloc h, 17, Dillichip Terrace, Bonhill,
Dumbartonshire.

r)K. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIV, offer more than 15,000 species of well-
named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest
condition ; 1300 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING PUP^, &c.
Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (20,000 species) ; HYMENOPTERA
(3000 species), DIPTERA (1900), HEMIPTERA (2000), ORTHOPTERA (1000),
NEUROPTERA (550).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETy OF LONDON.— Meetings for the
Session 1901-1902:-

Wednesday, November 6th and 2Cth, December 4th, 1901, and
Annual, Wednesday, January 15th, 1902.

• WATKIHS & DOHCASTEB, Satmialists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., yd., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- ; Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10 ; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 1 4/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from ]/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Coilecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
usefiil for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6 ; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.
Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1 /9 ; Steel

Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.
Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Di'ills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascu
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;

or on one side for Labels, 2/-.
Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.Z.S., F.E.S., according to his recent Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
Exchange Lists, id. each, 4d. per dozen ; Label Lists, 9d. each.

^ large stoch of British, Europeau, and Exotic J^epidoptera,
i^oleoptera, and J^irds' Eggs.

ElsTTOMIOLOa-IO^^L FIISJS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

SH012ir ROOIVI FOR CAJBINTESrrS, &c.

I^g° ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

L. o isr D o 3sr.

Birds and Mammals, ^c, Preserved ^Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application

This Number contains 28 Pages.

CONTENTS. PAGE

July in the Cevennes (Lepidoptera). — A. Hugh Jones, F.E.S 261

Notes on Hawaiian Aculeate Hyinenoptei-a. — R. C. L. Perkins, B.A 264

Curious experience with Lasiocampa quercus : sequel. —ii?. Andrews 268

Ee-discovery of Agrypnetes crasaicornis, McL. — R. McLachlan, F.FtS., ^c 270

Coleoptera in the south-west of Ireland. — O. C. Chamipion, F.Z.S 270

Balearic Insects: Diptera.— Col. J. IF. Yerhury, R.A., F.Z.S. , &fc 272

Resting of Vanessa urticse. — Charles W. Watts 275

Colias Edusa at Seaton, Devon, in 1901.— Reu. A. E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S. ... .. 275

Sphinx convolvuli at Eltham. — A. Hugh Jones, F.E.S. 275

Sphinx convolvuli at Kingston-on-Thames. — H. Ooss, F.L.S 275

Sphinx convolvuli at Hoylake. — E. J. Burgess Sopp, F.E.S 275

Sphinx convolvuli in Gloucestershire. — T. Toulmin 276

Sphinx convolvuli at Woking. — E. Saunders, F.L.S 276

Larvae of Sphinx convolvuli at Guestling, Sussex. — Rev E. N. Bloomfield, M.A.,

F.E.S 276

Clostera auachoreta at Walmer, Kent. — Id 276

Acherontia Atropos in Dumbartonshire. — -W. Edgar Evans ... 276

Additions to the Lepidoptera of Glanvilles Wootton since 1890. —C. W. Dale,

F.E.S 276

Phibalocera quercana attacking rhododendrons. — Rev. W. F. Johnson, M.A.,

F.E.S 277

Salius notatnlus, Sannd., and Crabro aphidum, Lep., in Scotland. — A. E. J.

Carter .. 277

Andrena polita, Smith, in Kent. — H.Elgar 277

Hymenoptera near Woking in the latter part of I90L — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A.,

F.E.S 278

Meteorus fragilis, Wesm., parasitic on Phalera bucephala. — G. C. Bignell, F.E.S. 278

Gynandrons specimen of Halictus quadricinctus, F. — E. Saunders, F.L.S 278

Ccelioxys mandibularis, Nyl., at Wallasey. — Willoughhy Gardner, F.L.S 279

Coleoptera at Stornowfvy, Lewis. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 279

Information wanted as to Coleoptera eaten by Birds. — Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler,

]i].A..F.L.S.,4:c. 279

Fuither Notes on Hydradephaga and Hydrophilidae. — Prof. T. Hudson Beare,

B.Sc, F.R.S.E., ^c 280

Medon castaneus, Grav., in Richmond Park. — Id 280

Attelabus curculionoides, L., attacking chestnut. — D. Sharp, M.D., M.A.,

F.R.S 280

Two New Forest Dipterocecidies. — Id 281

Platypezse at Felden, Herts. — Claude Morleij, F.E.S 281

Ectopsocns Briggsi, McLach., at Lynmonth. — C. A. Briggs, F.E.S 282

Ectopsocus Briggsi, McLach., in South Devon and in Dorset. — R. McLachlan,

F.R.S.,.yc 282

Local Notes (Plectrocnemia geniculata, Holocentropus stagnalis, &c.). — Id. ... 282
Pachytylus cinerascens, Fab., near Hastings. — Eev. E. N. Bloomfield, M.A.,

F.E.S 282

Decticns verrucivorns, L., near Deal. — Id 282

New locality for Exoeretopus formiceticola in Guernsey. — 17. A. Luff 283

Society. — South London Entomological, &c., Society 283

Further notes on South African Lepidoptera (continued). — Frances Barrett :

edited by C. G. Barrett, V.-P.E.S 284

^

Second Series No. 144.] deCEMBEE, 1901. [Pbice Qd.

[No. 451.]

THE

EBTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZISE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSIJSGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XII.

[VOL. XXXVII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute peraonnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbenc.

LONDON

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PEIMEE, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

^^^^o'i

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E. H. ]NJ:KE]K:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

.Supplies ISntomologiists i»itf) eber^i Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PBTCED CATALOGUE ON EECEIPT OP STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6& 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x lS,forB3ating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Bos, 9d.&l/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, taixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Igd.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cioth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y> 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/' fo>" Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt ot Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets

Cabinets of evert description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming vrithin the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains RevievFS of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunicatiou among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO " NATURE."

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(To all places Abroad).

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Office: St. Martin's Street, London, W.C.