ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOLUME LII, 1941
PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH. D., EDITOR
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
JANUARY, 1941
Vol. LII No. 1
CONTENTS
Forbes — The Early Genera of Ithomiinae. (Lepidoptera: Nyrupha-
lidae) 1
Pate— On Two Species of Diploplectron from Texas (Hymenoptera:
Sphecidae). 4
Fisher — Notes on Costa Rican Mycetophilidae (Diptera) 8
Johnson— Some of the Eumolpinae and Chrysomelinae of South
Dakota (Coleoptera) 9
damage to Entomological Collections in the British Museum of
Natural History 14
Westfall — Notes on Florida Odonata 15
Current Entomological Literature 19
Obituary — Miss Katherine Mayo, Dr. Otto Emil Plath, Miss Grace
Adelbert Sandhouse, Dr. John Pattilo Turner, Dr. F. W.
Edwards, Prof. Charles William Woodworth 29
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. LII JANUARY, 1941 No. 1
The Early Genera of Ithomiinae. (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae).
By WM. T. M. FORBES, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
The Ithomiinae are a group whose natural arrangement has been disguised by much mimicry (Miillerian, of course) within the group. The present note is based on a survey of quite a number of characters, ignoring pattern features, in an attempt to judge what is the really most probable ancestral type, and the line of development of the higher genera.
In general we may take Schatz's arrangement in Staudinger's "Exolische Tagfalter." vol. 3, as representing the chief struc- tural subdivisions and, with one or two exceptions, the genera. As to the primitive genera (his Gruppe I) there has been gen- eral acceptance of the more recent subdivision of Titlwrea, and I shall for this note use the names that Seitz's "Macrolepidoptera of the World" has made familiar. The only other genus that needs subdivision is Athcsis, whose dcrcyllidas group shows much divergence in pattern and some in structure from A. clearista. A striking likeness to Hirsutis in sex-tufting, wing- form and some details of pattern is not wholly supported by other structures ; I shall leave its fuller discussion to Mr. Fox, but note here that it must lie between Hirsutis and Athesis— about as far off the main line of evolution as Tithorea is in another direction.
Pending Mr. Fox's revision of the genera1 1 shall use the system of names established by Schatz and slightly extended by Haensch in the "Macrolepidoptera of the World".
Schatz's "Gruppe I" is denned in the male by having a clearly separate tibia and tarsus of the male fore leg, which is normally almost as long as the femur. Two exceptions make a little trouble — in Thyridia (Mcthona) the tibia and tarsus, while distinct, are much shorter than the femur, and in Mclinaca egina (with its form paraiya) the tibio-tarsus is reduced to the
1 Since published in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 66: 161-207, 1940
1
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
same little knob so typical of "Gruppe II". M. comma has reached about the stage of reduction of Thyridia, but varies individually. On the other side of the boundary Aprotopus has the tibio-tarsus less reduced than the residue of group II. Personally I believe it is a separate reduction from something not unlike Thyridia, and merely parallel to the Mechanitis and Ithomia types.
Group I is then taken to include Hirsutis, Tithorca, Athcsis, Olyras, Eutresis, Athyrtis, Mclinaea and Thyridia, with Apro- topus as a doubtful appendage.
To determine the ancestral form we may take Tcllcrvo as a norm. Whether actually Ithomiid, or a distinct subfamily as now listed (see Ent. Am. xix, 102) it is certainly nearer to the ancestral stem than any other living type. It shares with other early Nymphalidae the following features which vary signifi- cantly within the remaining genera of "Group I": M-spur attached to middle discocellular" in both wings ; lower dis- cocellular forming an acute angle with m-cu, the cubittis being of the "trifid" type; Sc and R of hind wing widely separated at origin, as in normal Nymphalidae; hum. forming a wide and fairly symmetrical Y-fork, cell of hind wing much shorter than free part of R. We may also note that Sc is long and similar in both sexes, unlike the Melinaea and Mechanitis groups, and that the scaling, while somewhat thin, is not de- generate.
Comparing our list of genera to this set of characters it turns out that Hirsutis comes definitely nearest, differing in the simpler hum. and movement of the M-spur to Idcv, but eveti the latter has only reached Ms in some specimens. This is also one of the genera that sometimes has Rs free, as in Tcl- lcrvo, though never so far back on the cell. Our female of H. togarma shows this. The rest of the genera fall into a single line, as listed above, ending in Aprotopus, each genus being like those immediately before and after in more features
2 This is the upper M-spur, i. e., Mi+2; the lower one, M3, while equally clear in Tcllcrvo, is weak or reduced to a fold in the proper Ithomiinae — it always arises from Idcv.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS 3
than to any others. The only possible other candidates for position next to Tell cm o are Tithorca, on account of its more perfectly separate Sc and R, and Athcsis acrisionc, which still has the M-spur on the mdcv of a perfectly "trifid" wing. The remaining genera with high M-spur are quadrifids, and the spur has no doubt moved up secondarily to the migration of M.2 itself.
The successive steps of development may be noted as follows, though the actual arrangement was made on the basis of some 20 characters, both superficial and genitalic.
At Athcsis Sc and R of female hind wing become distinctly approximate at base ; with Olyras the angle between udcv and m-cu of hind wing becomes obtuse, though the venation is not truly quadrifid till we come to Athyrtis; the free part of R in the male also becomes much shorter than the cell at Olyras.
With Thyridia the distal fork of hum. becomes very long and the uncus becomes much reduced; Sc and R are closely parallel for a greater distance than in the preceding genera, and the general transparent ground is unlike any of the preceding, though approached by the extensive transparent spotting of "Athesis" hcwitsoni. In each of these points Aprotopus re- sembles Thyridia, and the closely parallel Sc and R is the only one really typical of group II. Only the relatively long R suggests an origin from an earlier genus, perhaps Athcsis.
Other features tend strongly to tie neighboring genera, but are not too consistent : thus the narrow V-shaped juxta is pres- ent in Hirsutis, Athesis (including dercyllidas) and Tithorca. and not in Olyras, Eutrcsis, Thyridia or Aprotopus, but it does reappear in Mclinaca. A specialized costal process of the valve is limited to Athyrtis and Mclinaca, which on all points make a subgroup together, but Thyridia has a different specialization of the costa — a rough thickening that reaches from the joint clear to the apex of the valve. The thin penis links together Athcsis and Olyras, but reappears in Aprotopus.
As to the origin of Group II, I have already noted the marked likeness, deep as well as superficial bet \\t-cn . [pratopits and Th\ri(lia. Tabulation of tin- same IKi of characters in a
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
couple of other genera, shows a marked linkage between Me- chanitis and Mclinaea (and of course Scada, with Heteroscada, and Sais must follow Mechanitis}, but the later genera with their decidedly "trifid" venation seem to my eye to link more closely with Athesis. So my present opinion is that group II is triphyletic: a, Aprotopus, to be treated like Mclinaea cgina as a sporadic reduction of group I ; b, Mechanitis, Scada and Sais; c, the residue. Velamysta shows the short spur of Sc arising from far out on the cell in the female, like Mechanitis, but I should put more weight on the character of udcv, which is quite normal for the Ithomia-Hetdrosais series.
On Two Species of Diploplectron from Texas (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae).
By V. S. L. PATE, Cornell University.
In 1902, James A. G. Rehn and the late Henry Lorenz Viereck made their first collecting trip to the southwestern United States. Much of the material taken on that expedition has long since been reported upon, yet there still remains, in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, a considerable residue, at least of the smaller Hymen- optera, to be studied. Recently while sorting this material, the following interesting new forms were discovered and are here- with described. Diploplectron vierecki1 new species.
The black head and thorax and bright ferruginous abdomen immediately distinguish the present and the following new form from all other Nearctic Diplo plectra. The closest ally of vierecki is apparently D. bidentatus Ashmead, but in addition to the different general livery, the present species may be sepa- rated from that form by the unclouded fore wing, the immacu- late clypeus and front, and the much smaller clypeal teeth.
Type. $ ; Foothills of the Franklin Mountains north of El Paso, El Paso County, TEXAS. Elevation, 3713-4000 feet.
1 After its collector, the late Henry Lorenz Viereck.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
April 5, 1902. (H. L. Viereck.) [Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, Type no. 10571.]
$ . 4.5 mm. long. Black ; mandibles, save for red apices, deep yellow ; antennae dark fuscous ; legs distad of femora deep fulvous ; tegulae and axillary sclerites fuliginous ; abdomen bright ferruginous. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent, hind wings with an ovate fuscous cloud subapically ; veins and stigma deep fulvous.
Head fulgid ; front, vertex, post-temporal region and clypeus with a sparse clothing of short, suberect, dark aenous setulae. Front inconspicuously tumid ; with a microscopically fine shallow, clathrate foveolation superposed upon which are a few small, irregularly disposed, shallow alveoli ; bisected discally by a short furrow. Vertex sculptured like front but more finely so ; postocellar distance one and one-half times the length of ocellocular line ; temples subnitidous and subglabrous. An- tennae reaching to a little beyond tegulae ; the antennocular line two and one-half times the interantennal distance; scape short, stout, about one-third (.36) the vertical length of eye; pedicel subcylindrical, five-eighths the length of first flagellar article; flagellum simple, finely puberulent, first two segments subequal in length. Clypeus narrow, transverse, median length two- sevenths the vertical length of eye, fiat laterally but rather strongly obtrapezoidally tumid and subnitidous discally, ending medio-apically in an obtusely pointed lobe bearing two very small median teeth distally.
Thorax more or less fulgid; with a moderate clothing of suberect, rather long whitish pubescence dorsally, pleura and sterna more scantily clothed with long, suberect, dark aeneous setulae. Pronotum rounded anteriorly and laterally ; with scat- tered fine punctures, and traversed by a few horizontal, incon- spicuous rugulae ; tubercles almost attaining tegulae. Mesonotum with small, moderately close punctures ; scutellum flat, nitidous and glabrous discally; postscutellum subnitidous medially. Mesopleura without epicnemium anteriorly; episternal suture and episternaulus distinct and well impressed; prepectus and below episternauli with inconspicuous horizontal striae and a few scattered fine punctures, above episternauli and behind episternal suture glabrous and nitidous. Metapleura glabrous, subnitidous, with very inconspicuous horizontal striae, podeum with dorsal face glabrous, opaque, granulate tendi to become finely transversely rugulate, the anterior margin with fine irregular reticulations, somewhat depressed posteriorly; posterior face subfulgid. with erect, rather
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan.. '41
whitish pubescence, discally with an indistinct cuneiform im- pression, laterad of which surface is finely and irregularly punctate and rugulate; lateral faces fulgid, with rather long, erect whitish pubescence and a few parallel subhorizontal striae.
Legs with middle and hind tibiae bearing a few weak spines.
Fore wing with third submarginal cell twice as long on cubitus as on radial vein.
Abdomen fulgid ; with microscopically fine, transverse clath- rate aciculation. Tergites and sternites with a transverse sub- apical row of short decumbent fine setulae ; pygidium small, elongate trapeziform, glabrous, per fulgid, with a few small, coarse, well separated punctures; ultimate sternite elongate, linguiform.
9 . Unknown. Paratypcs. 2 $ ; Topotypical; April 4, 1901, April 5, 1902; [A. N. "s. P.]
The paratypes agree with the type in all essential details of livery and structure, except that in the specimen taken April 5th ,1902, the second and third transverse cubital veins of the fore wing have anastomosed anteriorly just before their re- ception on the radial vein. Diploplectron kantsi2 new species.
Although resembling vicrccki so closely as to be easily con- fused with it, kantsi differs from that form in a number of details, notably in the shape of the clypeus, the penult ab- dominal sternite, the venation of the fore wing, its opaque granular head and thorax, the different postocellar-ocellocular ratio, and the longer, differently proportioned antennal seg- ments.
Type. $ ; Foothills of the Franklin Mountains north of El Paso, El Paso County, TEXAS. Elevation, 3713-4000 feet. April 6, 1902. (Henry L. Viereck.) [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no. 10572.]
$ . 5 mm. long. Black ; mandibles dark miniatous ; antennae dark fuscous ; legs distad of femora deep fulvous ; tegulae and axillary sclerites fuliginous; abdomen ferruginous. Wings hyaline, uniformly tinged throughout with light fulvous ; hind wings with a small diffuse light fuscous cloud subapically; veins and stigma fuliginous.
Head opaque ; sparsely clothed with decumbent whitish pub- escence. Front finely granulate, bisected discally by a short
2 Named after the Lipan Indians, who were given the name Kantsi by the Caddo.
hi. '41 I ENTOMOLOGICAL \l.\\ > 7
furrow. Vertex subgranular; postocellar distance about one- half the length of ocellocular line; temples subfulsjid. with microscopically fine, shallow, clathrate faveolation. Antennae- long, reaching at least to middle of scutellum ; antennuailar line two and one-half times the interuntemuil distance; scape short, stout, one-fourth the vertical length of eye; pedicel sub- cylindrical, one-third the length of the elongate first Magellar article; flagellum somewhat compressed, first two segments elongate, the second five-sixths the length of first article. Clypeus subopaque, narrow, transverse, median length one- fourth the vertical length of eye, flat laterally to obtrigonally tumid discally, ending medio-apically in an obtusely pointed lobe bearing two minute median teeth distally.
Thorax granular, more or less opaque; thinly clothed with suberect, rather long whitish pubescence. Pronotum rounded anteriorly and laterally; the tubercles almost attaining the tegulae. Mesopleura granulate throughout, with episternal suture and episternauli distinct and well developed. Meta- pleura glabrous, finely granulose. Propodeum opaque, granu- lose throughout; dorsal face glabrous; posterior and lateral faces scantily clothed with short suberect light pubescence; posterior face with a median cuneiform impression dorsad.
Legs with middle and hind tibiae bearing a few weak spines.
Fore wings with first transverse cubital vein bearing a spur directed toward the base of stigma; second submarginal cell subtrigonal, the second and third transverse cubital veins com- ing together to a point on radius; third submarginal cell twice as long on radius as on cubitus.
Abdomen more or less f ulgid ; with microscopically fine, transverse clathrate aciculation. Tergites and sternites with a transverse subapical row of short decumbent fine setulae ; pygidium small, elongate, narrow7 trapeziform, developed only on posterior half of ultimate tergite, and glabrous, per f ulgid, with a few punctures; ultimate sternite elongate linguiform apically, penult sternite trigonal, narrowly truncate and notched medio-apically, the posterior half' somewhat compressed.
9 . Unknown. This species is known at present from only the unique male described above.
8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
Notes on Costa Kican Mycetophilidae (Diptera).
By ELIZABETH G. FISHER, Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
Dr. Alan Stone has kindly called my attention to the fact that Leia analis Fisher (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 65: 232-233. 1939) is a homonym of Lcia analis Meigen (Syst. Beschr. 1: 257. 1818). The latter is now considered to belong to the genus Bolctina. I therefore propose the name Lcia costari- censis new name for Lcia analis Fisher.
The four males identified by me as Platyura (Proceroplatus) pictipennis Williston are a distinct species. Dr. F. W. Edwards has sent me a rough sketch of the dry male terminalium of Williston's type in the British Museum. It differs from that figured by me. (Fisher 1. c. pi. 13, fig 6). I therefore de- scribe the Costa Rican species below : Platyura (Proceroplatus) vittata new species
1939. Platyura (Proceroplatus) pictipennis Williston, Fisher Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 65: 228, pi. 13, fig. 6.
This species is close to Platyura pictipennis Williston differ- ing in terminalial structure as well as in color. These color differences are described in the author's paper referred to above.
$ . Total length 2.8 to 3 mm. Face yellow ; vertex dark brown, deep black around the ocelli. Palpi dark brown. Meso- notum brown with a wide median yellow stripe, the humeral angles and the lateral margins whitish. Pleura whitish yellow except the pleurotergites which are deep brown. Scutellum yellow. Apex of the postnotum deep brown. Mesonotum uni- formly setose. Anepisternites and pleurotergites with setae. Halteres yellow, knob brown. Legs yellow. Fore tibia longer than fore basitarsus ( 1 . 5 : 1 . ) . Abdomen brown to blackish- brown, except the first segment which is entirely yellow; the second to fifth tergites with yellow posterior margins, the sixth and seventh tergites deep brown .
Type: $ ; San Jose, COSTA RICA (H. Schmidt). June 27, 1930. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. no. 6626].
Paratypes: 3 $ ; San Jose, Costa Rica (H. Schmidt). April (defective) May 7, June 23, 1930.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 9
Some of the Eumolpinae and Chrysomelinae of South Dakota (Coleoptera),
By PAUL H. JOHNSON, Mexico, Missouri.
The specimens seen were those in the collection of the En- tomology-Zoology Department of the South Dakota State College at Brookings.
This collection is composed of the Truman collection, and of collections made by various members of the Entomology De- partment of State College. The Truman collection was bought by State College after his death, which occurred in the early 1900's. Very few of the specimens in the Truman collection have date labels, and the locality labels at times seem to be in- correct. The collections of the Entomology Department have been state-wide in extent and have been carried on for a number of years.
The specimens in the Truman collection have no collector labels, so any specimen in that group is marked by a "T" in the list. Other collectors were John Hetland, G. I. Gilbertson and H. C. Severin. All specimens collected by these men are marked in the list by the initials of their surnames.
There were twenty-four species, representing eleven genera, of th tribe Chrysomelinae in the collection. Of the eleven genera two (Phaedon and Prasocuris) may not occur in the State. Phaedon was found only in the Truman collection, and the species represented is not likely to inhabit South Dakota. Prasocuris was found only in the Truman collection.
There were twenty species of Eumolpinae representing thir- teen genera found in the collection. This is not including Fidia viticida Walsh, which occurs in the State, but was not repre- sented in the collection. The only doubtful genus in the Eumolpinae is Colas pidea. There were four of these in the Truman collection; three were from Los Angeles, California, and the other was labeled Volga, South Dakota.
EUMOLPINAE.
ADOXUS OBSCURUS (Linn.), 1 spcvimui. Englewood ( G.
10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
A. OBSCURUS VITIS (Fab.), 8 specimens, Englewood (June) G.
MYOCHROUS MOVALLUS Johnson, 5 specimens, Elk Point (June) G.
M. SOUAMOSUS Lee., 16 specimens, Whitewood (June) G., Martin (June) G., Canton (June) G., Buffalo (June) G., Philip (June) G., Orman Dam (July) G., Houghton (June) G., Belle Fourche (June) G.
GLYPTOSCELIS ALBIDA Lee., 1 specimen, Newell (July) G.
(G. CRYPTICA (Say), not in collection, but probably in state.)
COLASPIDEA VARICOLOR Crotch, 1 specimen, Volga T. (Leng lists this species from Southern California.)
PARIA CANELLA ATERRIMA (Oliv.), 14 specimens, Philip (June) G., Volga T., Chester (June) G., Belle Fourche (June) G., Colton (June) G., Oelrichs (June) G.
P. CANELLA GILVIPES Horn, 1 specimen, Lake Oalcvvood (July) S.
P. CANELLA THORACICA (Melsh.), 2 specimens, Oelrichs (June) G., Browns Valley (June) G.
P, CANELLA OUADRINOTATA (Say), 15 specimens, Colton (June) G., Brookings (May) S., Springfield (June) G., Yank- ton (June) G., Chester (June) G.
P. CANELLA VITTATA Horn, 4 specimens, Volga T., Colton (June) G.
P. CANELLA QUADRIGUTTATA Lee., 5 specimens, Volga T., Springfield (June, August) G.
P. CANELLA SEXNOTATA (Say), 1 specimen, Volga T.
P. CANELLA PUMILA Lee., 1 specimen, Volga T.
CHRYSOCHUS AURATUS (Fab.), 15 specimens, Volga T., Now- lin T., Brookings (June, July) S., Vermillion (July) S., Lennox (August) S., Martin (June) G., Watertown T., White (July) S., Aberdeen (July) S.
C. COBALTINUS Lee., 8 specimens, Volga T., Aurora county T., Brookings, (June, September) S.
XANTHONIA DECEMNOTATA (Say), 9 specimens, Big Stone
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11
(August) S., Whitewood (July) G., Springfield (June) G., Lake Hendricks (August) S.
(X. VII.LOSULA (Melsh.), not in collection, but probably in state.)
(FmiA vrnrinA \Ya1sb, not in collection, but known to !><• at Yankton and Elk Point.) Severin.
GRAPHOPS PUBESCENS (Melsh.), 2 specimens, Parmelee (June) G., Martin, in sand hills, (August) G.
G. CURTIPENNIS (Melsh.), 2 specimens, Custer (September) G., Kadoka, in Bad Lands, (August) G.
METACHROMA DUBIOSUM (Say), 3 specimens, White (July) G., Little Bend (August) G., Martin, in sand hills, (June) G.
M. INTERRUPTUM (Say), 2 specimens, Elk Point (June) G.
M. PARALLELUM Horn, 2 specimens, Elk Point (June) G.
COLASPIS FAVOSA Say, 28 specimens, South Dakota T., Brookings T. (July)' S., Clark (July) S., Volga T., De Smet (July) G., Springfield (June) G., McNelly (June) G.
RHABDOPTERUS PICIPES (Oliv.), 14 specimens, Xewell (July) G. S., Springfield (June) G., Vermillion (June) S., Browns Valley (June) G.
NODONOTA TRISTIS (Oliv.), 38 specimens, Volga T.. 'White- wood (July) G., Lakeview (June) G., Parmelee (June) G., Hot Springs (June) G., Springfield (June) G., Rapid City (June) G., Elk Point (June) G., Martin, in sand hills, (June) G., Pine Ridge (June) G.
N. CONVEXA (Say), 1 specimen, Elk Point (June) G.
N. PUNCTICOLLIS (Say), 181 specimens, Volga T., Brookings T.. South Dakota T., Volin (June) G., Whitewood (June, July) G., Springfield (June) G., Newell (July) G., Tabor (June) G., Chester (June) G., White, in Warrens Wood, (August)' G., Rosebud (June) G., Lake Hendricks (July) G.
CHRYSODINA GLOBOSA (Oliv.), 26 specimens, Capa (June) S., Armour (June) S., Mitchell (June) S., Parmelee (June) G., Springfield (June) G., Lakeview (June) G., Martin, in sand hills, (June) G., Vivian (June) G., Interior (June) G., Hot Springs (June) G., Fox Ridge (June) G., Pine Ridge
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
(June) G., Rapid City (June) G., Buffalo (June) G.
CHRYSOMELINAE.
PRASOCURIS PHELLANDRII (L.), 2 specimens, Volga T.
(P. VITATTA (Oliv.), not in collection, but may be in State.)
LABIDOMERA CLIVICOLLIS (Kby.), 21 specimens, Volga T., Elk Point (June) G., Brookings T. (June, August) G. S., Big Stone City T., Springfield (June) G., Canton (August) G., Aurora county T., Capa (August) S.
LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (Say), 19 specimens, Brook- ings (June, July) S. T., Yankton (June) G., Capa (August) S., Volga T.
ZYGOGRAMMA EXCLAMATIONIS (Fab.), 39 specimens, Volga T., Yankton (August) S., Claremont (August) S., Aberdeen (July) S., White Lake (August) G., Lake Oakwood (June) G., Pierre T., Grass Rope (August) G., Philip (June) G., Newell (July) G., Wewela (August) G., Vivian (June) S., Nowlin T., Custer T., Provo (June) G., Rapid City (June) T. G., White River (June) S., Fairfax (August) S.
Z. CONJUNCTA Rogers, 28 specimens, Newell (June, July) G.
Z. SUTORALIS CASTA Rogers, 37 specimens, Volga T., Brook- ings (August) S. T., Lake Oakwood (June, August) S. G., Vermillion (July) S., White (July) S., Lake Preston (May) S., Colton (August) S., Lennox (August) S., Mitchell (June) S., Lake Hendricks (July) G., Ipswich (July) S., Whitewood (July) ,G., Rapid City (June) G., Wewela (August) G., Grass Rope (August) G., Yankton (August) G.
CALLIGRAPHA LUNATA (Fab.), 28 specimens, Lake Preston (May) S., White (July) S., Sisseton (July) S., Claremont (August) S., Interior (August) S., Kadoka, in Bad Lands, (August) S., Camp (Fort) Crook (July) S., Wasta (Sep- tember) S., Capa (August) S.
C. SIMILIS Rogers, 6 specimens, Volga T., Mitchell (August) S., Lake Campbell (August) S., Waubay (September) G., Newell (July) G., Fairfax (August) S.
C. INCISA Rogers, 11 specimens, Brookings T., White (July) S.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13
C. PRAECELSIS Rogers, 11 specimens, Volga T., Brooking (May, June, August) S., G. T., Spring-field (August) G., Canton (June) G.
C. ELEGANS (Oliv.), 29 specimens, Volga T., Brookings (May) S., Yankton (August) S., Lake Oakwood (June) G., Waubay (September) G., Lake Campbell (August) S., Madi- son (June) S., Newell (July) G., Camp (Fort) Crook (July) S., Englewood (June) G., Martin, in sand hills, (August) G.
C. SCALARIS Lee., 4 specimens, Brookings (July) S., Spring- field (June) G., Yankton (August) G., Mitchell (June) S.
C. MULTIPUNCTATA (Say), 71 specimens, Volga T., Elk Point (June) G., Brookings (June, July, August) S. G., Aberdeen (July) S., White (July) S., Lake Preston (August) S., Sisseton (July) S., Newell (July, August) G. H. S.
CHRYSOMELA FLAVOMARGINATA Say, 25 specimens, Volga T., Newell (July) G., Rapid City (June) G., Martin (June) G., Buffalo (June) G., Pine Ridge (June) G., Cave Hills (July) S.
C. AURIPENNIS Say, 1 specimen, Meckling (June) G.
PHAEDON OVIFORMIS (Lee.), 4 specimens, Volga T.
P. VIRIDIS (Melsh.), none in collection from the State, but it may be present.
GASTROIDEA POLYGONI (L.), 96 specimens, Volga T., Brook- ings (June) T., Lead (July) G.
G. CYANEA (Melsh.), 26 specimens, Volga T., Springfield (June) G. S., Canton (June) G., Yankton (April) S., Newell (June, July) G.
G. VIRIDULA (De Geer), 23 specimens, Pierre (May) S., Rapid City (June) G.
LINA INTERRUPTA Fab., 198 specimens, Volga T. S., Elk Point (June, August) G., Brookings (June, July) S. G., Spring- field (June) G., Canton (April, August) S. G., Yankton (April) S., Colton (August) S., Pierre T., Sioux Falls (August) S., Wentworth (August) S., Capa (May) S., New- ell (July) G. S., Nisland (July) S.
L. INTERRUPTA QUADRiGUTTATA Sch., 26 specimens, Volga T., Salem (May) S.
L. TKKMULAE (Fab.), 42 specimens, Newell (July) G., Cusn r T., Rapid City (June) G., Whitewoocl (June, July) G., Kngle-
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
wood (June, July) G., Lead (July) G., Deadwood (July) G.
L. SCRIPTA (Fab.), 71 specimens, Volga T., Brookings (July, August) S. T., Colton (July) S., Pierre T., Wentworth (August) S., Sioux Falls (August) S., Capa (June) S., Newell (July) G.
PHYTODECTA AMERICANA Sch., 8 specimens, Englewood (June) G., Deadwood (July) G. S., Determination confirmed by H. S. Barber.
PHYLLODECTA AMERICANA Sch., 4 specimens, Englewood (June) G., Sylvan Lake (September) G. Determination con- firmed by H. S. Barber.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
BLATCHLEY, W. S. — Coleoptera of Indiana.
CROTCH, G. R. — Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the U. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1873, pp. 19-83.
HORN, GEO. H. — The Eumolpini of Boreal America. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. [XIX pp. 195-234.
JOHNSON, PAUL H. — A New Species of Myochrous. Canad. Ent., June, 1931, p. 148.
LENG, CHAS. W. — Catalog of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico, 1920.
ROGERS, W. FREDERICK — Synopsis of Species of Chrysomela and Allied Genera Inhabiting the U. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. VIII, 1856, pp. 29-39.
SAY, THOMAS - - Descriptions of Coleopterous Insects Col- lected in the Late Expedition to the Rocky Mountains. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Vol. Ill, 1823-4, pp. 403-462.
SCHAEFFER, CHAS. — New Genera and Species of Coleoptera. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 197-236.
ID. — Notes on the Species of Lina and Allied Genera. The Canadian Ent. Vol. LX, 1928, pp. 42-47.
ID. — On a Few New and Old Chrysomelidae. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXXII, 1924, pp. 138-145.
Damage to Entomological Collections in the British Museum of Natural History.
Science for December 6 and 13, 1940, states that the Museum has been hit by high explosive and incendiary bombs and that the department of entomology was damaged, especially by water seepage.
lii,'41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15
Notes on Florida Odonata.
By M. J. WESTFALL, JR., Baker Museum, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida.
While connected with the Baker Museum during the past three years I have done considerable field work and collecting in Florida. Being especially interested in Odonata, I have concentrated on these insects with the result that some species have been taken which have proved to be quite unusual and it seems that comments on them would be in order at this time. Various notes of interest are included in the following records.
PROGOMPHUS ALACHUENSIS. This species was collected very commonly during the Spring of 1939, on the sandy shores of lakes in central Florida. Of the considerable number of speci- mens taken, only two were females, one collected while emerg- ing, and the other, a mature specimen caught in my hands in the woods about one-half mile from a lake.
CORYPHAESCHNA viRENS. One female was collected on Lower Matecumbe Key, March 20, 1938, as it flew back and forth over a roadside ditch. In the hand it was quite distinct from C. ingens, in the greater extent of the green coloration of the thorax, as well as other slight differences. Dr. P. P. Calvert confirmed this identification.
TETRAGONEURIA SEPIA. Though some persons have doubted the validity of this species, we believe it to be quite distinctive. My first specimens, a male and female, were collected from the street in front of my home in Orlando, at least one-half mile from a lake, on March 28, 1938. Immediately we noticed differences between these and the other Tetragoneurias previ- ously taken. We supposed them to be sepia and sent the male to Dr. P. P. Calvert who confirmed the identification. Now I seem to be able to identify this species before capture, especi- ally by the slightly smaller size. Certainly when in the hand, the prominent yellowish spots of the thorax and the relatively longer inferior appendages distinguish T. sepia from the other members of that genus found here.
I found a dead male on a lily pad in a Winter Park lak. May 9, 1939. Mr. E. M. Davis collected a male on the west
16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '41
end of the Tamiami Trail in the early part of March, 1939. In the afternoon of June 7, 1939, my father and I were collecting various small Odonata for about an hour in Nassau County at what is known as Boggy Creek. We had almost decided to leave when an unusual dragonfly appeared. I succeeded in catching it and found it to be T. sepia. Soon another appeared and then another, until we were swinging right and left at them. They would fly toward the collector until just out of reach of the net and stop in mid-air, often for several seconds, and then dart at great speed perhaps within a foot of the collector who would usually miss. Then the same thing would be repeated. In all the other specimens of T. sepia I have taken, this char- acteristic of hovering so long in the air has not been noticed, but the flight has been much more nervous. With a sling shot or gun that day we might have collected many more, but when we began to learn the trick of catching them with a net it be- came dark and we found only sixteen specimens had been taken, only one of which was a female. The following morn- ing we returned and stayed until 9 A. M., but no more of these dragonflies appeared. Several of these specimens were pre- sented to the Cornell collection and Dr. Needham agreed on the identification.
This year I took one male and one female at my home again on April 8 and April 21, 1940, respectively. Two females were collected April 8, 1940, at Lake Redbug in Orange County. All the specimens I have taken were collected just before dusk and were not seen at other times, but whether this denotes a tendency toward a dusk-flying habit of this species or not, I would hesitate to say.
CELITHEMIS BERTHA and FASCIATA. The first species with its characteristic red venation of the wings was found com- monly on many lakes of central Florida in the Spring of 1939. Also C. fasciata was unusually common during the same time, being collected at almost every lake and pond visited. The spotting of the wings was found to be quite variable. In a series of specimens taken in Florida, Georgia, and North Caro- lina, some were found with no indication of the yellowish color in the pale areas of the wings which is so characteristic of C.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17
fasciata. The dark area just proximal and posterior to the nodus in the front wing in all cases extended posteriorly to Ciii, and in most cases extended well beyond that vein.
LIBELLULA AURIPENNIS and jESSEANA. It has been a great pleasure, with the help of Mrs. Leonora K. Gloyd, to straighten out some of the kinks in the identification of these two species in Florida. We had formerly believed L. auripcnnis to be very abundant here and L. jcsscana to be quite rare because of the few purplish bodied specimens of the latter species collected. We now find that L. jcsscana is our abundant species and L. auripennis has certainly not been common in our collecting ex- perience. Because of the very red hue of the stigma and wing veins of jesseana, as well as the difference in thoracic mark- ings pointed out by Mrs. Gloyd, field identification is made quite easy. Farther south in the state, on Merritt's Island, and at a few other stations we have taken auripcnnis, while I have collected jesseana commonly on up into Georgia and North Carolina. There have probably been many errors made in the identification of specimens of these two species. Some have thought that L. jesseana was not a distinct species, but certainly the genitalia and thoracic pattern are very different and sepa- ration of the species is quite easy.
SYMPETRUM CORRUPTUM. We have usually found these dragonflies sparingly in Florida. Several specimens have been collected on Merritt's Island and I took one female on Sanibel Island, December 31, 1939. Mr. E. M. Davis found this species very common on the beach near Cape Canaveral in November, 1939.
LEPTHEMIS VESICULOSA. October 2-4, 1939, I was collecting shells at Sanibel and Captiva Islands. While walking down the beach on the gulf shore of Sanibel I saw what appeared to be a large female Erythcinis simplicicollis. Then another flew l>y and many more were soon seen. I knew at once that I had found a good place to collect L. vcsiculosa, but alas, I had no net, only a sling shot and cyanide jar which had been thrown in at the last minute while packing. I found however that the sling shot with coarse sand was very effective in collecting
18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
them. They lit on the grass, sand, pen shells, etc., and were so indifferent about my presence that I began throwing sand at them and thus catching them easily. Hundreds of them were seen and about 25 collected. On December 27, 1939, I re- turned to Sanibel but saw only one Lepthemis on the gulf shore during our stay. However, on January 1, 1940, I visited the bay side of the island and found them just as abundant as they had been on the gulf shore in October ; 35 were taken in a short time, males and females. This locality is much further north than the former published records from the Florida Keys.
The coloration of the specimens from Sanibel taken on the second trip varied considerably from the descriptions by Need- ham and Byers. They might have described from very dry specimens, but even our dry specimens appear different. The stigma, appendages of the 10th segment, the face except for a little yellow about the mandibles and labrum, the vertex, coxae and trochanters of these specimens were decidedly greenish. The tibiae and tarsi were predominantly blackish and the femora were for the most part brownish, although sometimes blackish externally or inferiorly.
MACRODIPLAX BALTEATA. We have collected this species commonly on Merritt's Island, at Titusville, Sebastian Inlet, etc., in the vicinity of brackish water along the coast. A few years ago we were very much surprised to find it on the flood plains of the St. John's River near Geneva, approximately 20 miles inland. Here there are brackish water ponds, but we wondered what path they had followed in extending their range from the coast. When Mr. E. M. Davis collected a few specimens at a brackish lake west of Mims the possibility of their having spread inland at this point became apparent. The chain of lakes from Titusville to the St. John's would furnish a possible path for this extension of range. This species was also found on Sanibel in May, 1940, as we would expect from the species found there which prefer a similar habitat.
(To be continued)
List of Titles of Publications Referred to by Numbers in Entomological Literature in Entomological News.
1. Transactions of The American Entomological Society. Philadelphia.
2. Entomologische Blatter, red. v. H. Eckstein etc. Berlin.
3. Annales Sci. Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris.
4. Canadian Entomologist. London, Canada.
5. Psycho, A Journal of Entomology. Boston, Mass.
6. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. New York.
7. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Columbus, Ohio.
8. Entomologists' Monthly Magazine. London.
9. The Entomologist. London.
10. Proceedings of the Ent. Soc. of Washington. Washington, D. C
11. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin.
12. Journal of Economic Entomology, Geneva, N. Y.
13. Journal of Entomology and Zoology. Claremont, Cal.
14. Archives do Institute Biologico, Sao Paulo.
15. Annales Academia Brasileira de Sciencias. Rio de Janeiro.
17. Entomologische Rundschau. Stuttgart, Germany.
18. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt-M.
19. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. Brooklyn, N. Y.
21. The Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation. London.
22. Bulletin of Entomological Research. London.
23. Bolletino del Lab. di Zool. gen. e agraria della Portici. Italy.
24. Annales de la societe entomologique de France. Paris.
25. Bulletin de la societe entomologique de France. Paris.
27. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana. Genova.
28. Ent. Tidskrift utgifen af Ent. Foreningen i Stockholm. Sweden.
29. Annual Report of the Ent. Society of Ontario. Toronto, Canada.
30. Archives do Institute de Biologia Vegetal. R. d. Janeiro.
31. Nature. London.
32. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janiero. Brazil.
33. Bull, et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles
34. Zoologischer Anzeiger, hrsg. v. E. Korschelt. Leipzig.
36. Trans. Royal Entomological Society, London. England.
37. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Honolulu.
38. Bull, of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles.
39. The Florida Entomologist. Gainesville, Fla.
40. American Museum Novitales. New York.
41. Mitteilungen der schweiz. ent. Gesellschaft. Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
42. The Journal of Experimental Zoology. Philadelphia.
43. Ohio Journal of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio.
44. Revista chilena de historia natural. Valparaiso, Chile.
46. Zeitschrift fur Morphologic und Okologie der Tiere. Berlin.
47. Journal of Agricultural Research. Washington. D. C.
50. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. Washington, D. C.
51. Notulae entomologicae, ed. Soc. ent. Helsingfors. Helsingfors, Finland.
52. Archiv fur Naturjjeschichte, hrsg. v. E. Strand Berlin.
53. Ouarterly Journal of Af icroscopical Science. London. *c Pan-Pacific F.ntnmnloeist San Francisco, Cal.
57. La Feuille des Naturalistes. Paris.
58. Fntomologische Berichten. Nederlandsche ent. Ver. Amsterdam.
59. Encyclopedic entomologique, ed. P. Lechevalier. Paris.
60. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Stettin, Germany.
61. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.
62. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York.
64. Zeitschrift des osterr. entomologen-Vereines. Wien.
65. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie, hrsg. K. Escherich. Berlin.
67. University of California Publications, Entomology. Berkeley, Cal.
68. Science. New York.
69. Physis. Revista Soc. Argentina Cien. Nat. Buenos Aires.
70. Entomologica Americana, Brooklyn Entomological Society. Brooklyn.
71. Novitates Zoologicae. Tring, England.
72. Revue russe d'Entomologie. Leningrad, USSR.
73. Mem. Institute Butantan. Sao Paulo, Brazil.
75. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London.
77. Comptes rendus heb. des seances et memo, de la soc. de biologic. Paris.
78. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique. Paris.
79. Koleopterologische Rundschau. Wien.
82. Bulletin, Division of the Natural History Survey. Urbana, Illinois.
83. Arkiv for zoologie, K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien i. Stockholm.
84. Ecology. Brooklyn.
87. Archiv fur Entwicklungs mechanik der Organ., hrsg. v. Roux. Leipzig.
88. Die Naturwissenschaften, hrsg. A. Berliner. Berlin.
89. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, hrsg. v. Spengel. Jena, Germany.
90. The American Naturalist. Garrison-on-Hudson, New York.
91. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C.
92. Biological Bulletin. Wood's Hole, Massachusetts.
93. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. England.
94. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Leipzig.
95. Proceedings of the Biological Soc. of Washington, Washington, D. C-
97. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig.
98. Le Naturaliste Canadien. Cap Rouge, Chicoutimi, Quebec.
101. Tijdschrift voor entomologie. Nederland. Ent. Ver., Amsterdam.
102. Entomologiske Meddelelser, Entomologisk Forening, Copenhagen.
103. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Lawrence, Kansas.
104. Revista de la Sociedad entomologica Argentina, Buenos Aires.
105. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
106. Anales Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires.
107. Proc., Royal Entomological Society, London.
108. Revista, Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil.
109. Arbeiten uber morpholog. und taxonom. ent. aus Berlin-Dahlem.
110. Arbeiten ueber physiolog. u. angewandte ent. aus Berlin-Dahlem.
111. Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro.
112. Anales del Institute de Biologia Mexico.
114. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
115. Memorias de la Soc. Cubana de Hist. Nat. Havana, Cuba.
116. Parasitology. Ed. Keilin and Hindlc. London.
117. Microentomology, Stanford University.
118. Ward's Ent. & Nat. Sci. Bull, Rochester, N. Y.
119. American Midland Naturalist, Notre Dame, Ind.
120. The Great Basin Naturalist, Provo, Utah.
121. Ciencia, Mexico City.
122. Revista Museo de la Plata, Buenos Aires.
123. Indian Journal of Entomology, New Delhi.
lii,'41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 19
Current Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY V. S. L. PATE, L. S. MACKEY and E. G. FISHER.
Under the above head It Is intended to note papers received at th« Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless other- wise noted. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first Installment.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Note. References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated In titles are followed by (•) ; If containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so Indicated In the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper.
The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal In which the paper appeared, as numbered In the list of Periodicals and Serials published In our January and June Issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of Entomological News for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c., the latter within ( )follows; then the pagination follows the colon :
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
GENERAL. — Anduze, P. J. — Un proyecto cle estudio cle la fauna entomologica Venezolana. [Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat.] 6: 238-248. Armbruster, L. — Eine miocaene Insektenfauna (mit meinem Praparierverfahren). [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1365-1371. Aubrook, E. W. — The preparation of models of the heads and tracheal system of insects. [Mus. Jour., London] 40: 223-225, ill. Beall, G. — The fit and significance of contagious distribu- tions when applied to observations on larval insects. [84] 21 : 460-474. Blackwelder, R. E. — Some aspects of modern taxonomy. [6] 48: 245-257. Carpenter, G, D. H.— Birds as enemies of butterflies, with special reference to mimicry. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1061-1074, ill. Chapman, R. N. — Insect population problems in relation to insect outbreak. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939): 261-269. Eichler, W. — Geographische und okologische Probleme bei ektoparasitischen Insekten. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1089-1096. Emerson, A. E.— Populations of social insects. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939): 287-300. Fall, H. C. — Obituary and bibliography by P. J. Darlington. [5] 47: 45-54, ill. Fichter, E. — An ecological study of Wyoming spruce-fir forest Arthropods with special refer- ence to stratification. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9: (1939) : 185-215, ill. Fiebrig, C. — Skizzen aus dem Insektenleben in Para- guay. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1097-
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
1105, ill. Gerhardt, U. — Ueber die biologische bedeutung der lautausserungen einiger insekten. [Forsch. & Fortsch.] 16: 291-292. Gibson, A. — The Canadian Entomological Service; 50 years of Retrospect, 1887-1937. [Verb. VII In- ternat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1429-1479. Graham, S. A. -Forest insect populations. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939): 301-310. Griffin, F. J. — The first entomological societies. An early chapter in entomological history in England. [107] A, 15: 49-68. Hoffmann, W. H.— Das Finlay-In- stitut und die Gelbfiebermucke. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1589-1603, ill. Hungerford, H. B.— Results of the Oxford University Cayman Islands Biological Ex- pedition of 1938. [8] 76: 255-256. Janse, A. J. T.— Glimpses of the development of entomological science in South Africa. [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3: 1-8, King, K, M— Popu- lation studies of soil insects [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939) : 270-286. Lounsbury, C. P. — The pioneer period of eco- nomic entomology in South Africa. [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3 : 9-29. Park, O. — Nocturnalism — The development of a problem. [Ecol. Monogr.] 10: 486-536. Sakimura & Lin- ford. — An annotated list of insects from Lanai (Hawaiian Ids). [37] 10: 451-454. Savely, H. E., Jr.— Ecological re- lations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939) : 323-385, ill. Schmidt, E.— Libellen als Objecte der angewandten Entomologie. [Verb. VII Inter- nat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1494-1505, ill. Schuhardt, V. T. — A "tictorium" for the propagation of a colony of in- fected Ornithodoros turicata. [Jour. Parasit.] 26: 201-206, ill. Sellnick, M. — Milben als Parasiten von Insekten. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1300-1307, ill. Silvestri, F. — Importanza dell 'entomologia nell' economia mondiale. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1506-1522. Smith, C. C. — Biotic and physiographic succes- sion on abandoned eroded farmland. [Ecol. Monogr.] 10: 422-484. Smith, H. S. — Insect populations in relation to biological control. [Ecol. Monogr.] 9, (1939): 311-320, ill. Smith, R. H. — Modified Riker insect mount for use in teaching. [4] 72: 209-211, ill. Ulrich, H.— Uber den gen- erationswechsel und seine bedingungen. [Die Naturwis- sensch.] 28: 569-576, ill., cont. Van Duzee, E. P.— The life and works) of, by Essig & Usinger. [55] 16: 145-177, ill. Weidner, H. — Die Grossstadt als Lebensraum der In- sekten, ihre Biotope und ihre Besiedlung. [Verb. VII In- ternat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1347-1361, ill. Weiss, H. B.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS 21
-Money losses due to destructive insects. [6] 48: 195-199. Wille, J. E. — Landwirtschaftliche Entomologie in Peru und angrenzenden Landern Sudamerikas. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1523-1539. Williams, C. B— The numbers of insects caught in a light trap at Rothhamsted during four years, 1933-37. [107] A, 15: 78-80.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Andre, M.— Sur
1'allotrophie chez les Acariens. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1009-1023. Barbieri, N. A.— L'ampoule articulee des Dipteres (balancier)j organe de respiration ct de direction du vol. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 628-629, ill. Les crustaces et les insectes ne possedent pas d'yeux composes ou le systeme oculaire dans 1'echelle zoologique. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 630-652, ill. Baumann, C. — -Ueber den Legeap- parat von Baryconus rufipes (Hym., Proct.). und seine Beziehungen sum Abdominalhocker. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 653-666, ill. Berg, V. L— The ex- ternal morphology of the immature stages of the bee fly Systoechus vulgaris (Dipt.: Bombyliid.), a predator of grasshopper egg pods. [4] 72: 169-178, ill. Buchmann & Sydow. — Weitere Versuche an Drosophila melanogaster uber den Einfluss von Schwermetallsalzen auf die Muta- tionsauslosung durch Rontgenstrahlen. Versuche mit Uranylacetat. [97] 60: 137-142. Campau, E. J.— The in. r- phology of Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Coleo: Can- tharid.). [Microent.] 5: 57-90, ill. Catala, R. — Variations experimentales de 1'Urania de Madagascar (Lep.) [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 667-672. ill. Clark, H. W. — The adult musculature of the Anisopterous dragon- fly thorax (Odonata). [J. Morph.] 67: 523-565, ill. Cope, O. B. — The morphology of Psocus confraternus. [Micro- ent.] 5: 91-115, ill. Cumley, R. W. — Comparison of sero- logic and taxonomic relationships of Drosophila spp. [6] 48: 265-274, ill. Dallas, E. D.— Coexistencia de dos Mmi- struosidades en un Coleoptero. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 673-677, ill. Coleopteros que originan Dermatitis en la Republica Argentina. [Verh. VII Inter- nat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 678 Un Lepirloptero ginandromorfo. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 683-684, ill. Dutky & White. — Note on the occurrence of microsporidian infection among native Scarabeid larvae. [Jour. Parasit.] 26: 333. Ebner, R.--Einigr li-ralolngische Naturfunde bei OrthopU-rcn. [Verh. VII tnternat. Kongr
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
Ent. Berlin] 2: 685-688, ill. Eggers, F— Zur biologischen Bedeutung- der Flugelfarbung tagfliegender Lepidopteren (Filmvorfuhrung). [Verb. VII Internet. Kongr. Ent. Ber- lin] 2: 689-693. Phyletische Korrelation bei der Flugel- reduktion von Lepidopteren. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 694-711. Fahlander, K.— Die segmental- organe der Diplopoda, Symphyla und Insecta Apterygota. [Zool. Bidrag Uppsala] 18: 243-251, ill. Ferris, G. F.- The myth of the thoracic sternites of insects. [Microent.] 5: 87-90. Gilmour, D. — The anaerobic gaseous metabolism of the roach, Cryptocercus punctulatus. [92] 79: 297-308. Gunther, K. — Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fortpflanzungs- biologie der Stabheuschrecke Orxines macloffi (Orth. Phasmid.). [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1156-1169, ill. Heikertinger, F. — Uber den derzeitigen Stand der Mimikryfrage und der Tiertrachtfragen im allgemeinen. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 712-739. Herter, K. — Uber den Temperatursinn der In- sekten [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 740- 759, ill. Hilton, W. A. — Nervous system and sense organs : LXXXIIL— Hymenoptera. [13] 32: 41-56, ill. Hoskins, W. M. — Recent contributions of insect physiology to insect toxicology and control. [Hilgardia] 13: 307-386. Karda- koff, N. I. — Geschlechts-Witterung im Raupen Stadium bei Depressaria sp. (Lep.). [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1172-1180. Koch, A. — Uber den gegenwartigen Stand der experimentellen Symbioseforschung. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 760-771, ill. Krause, G. — Neue Erkenntnisse uber die verschiedenen Eitypen der In- sekten und ihre Bedeutung fur Entwicklungsphysiologie und Systematik. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 772-779, ill. Kuhn, A. — Zur Entwicklungsphysiologie der Schmetterlingsmetamorphose. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 780-796, ill. Kuhnelt, W.— Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Wasserhaushaltes der Insekten. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 797-807. Lederer, E. — Les pigments des invertebraes (a 1'exception des pig- ments respiratoires). [Biol. Revs.] 15: 273-306, ill. Lederer, G. — Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie (Paarung) der Gonepterix- Arten (Lep.). [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 808-813, ill. Long, M. E. — Study of the nuclear and cyto- plasmic relationship in Scyllina cyanipes (Orth.). [J. Morph.] 67: 567-607, ill. Ludtke, H.— Funktionelle Bedeu- tung der Differenzierungen im Auge des Ruckenschwim-
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23
mers Notonecta glauca. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 814-824, ill. Luers, H. — Zur vergleichenden Genetik der Drosophila-Arten. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 987-1000, ill. Mahdihassan, S — Sexual dimorphism among lac insects. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1232-1240, ill. Marchal, P.— Les modifica- tions rythmiques du cycle annuel d'un parasite (Tricho- gramma) suivant 1'hote dans lequel il se developpe. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 825-826. de Mello, F. -Nachweis der Bildung a+-Wirkstoff durch die Haut und den Fettkorpcr bei Epheslia kubniella. [97] 60: 174-179. Merker, E. — Chitin als Lichtschutz. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 827-845, ill. Michalk, O.— Uber Farbungswandlungen einiger Heteropteren Eurydema orna- tum und E. oleraceum. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1243-1276, ill. Millot, J.— L'appareil genital des Pedipalpes. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 846-865, ill. Misra, A. B. — The differentiation and develop- ment of the male reproductive system in Drosichiella (Monophlebus) quadricaudata, with remarks on copulation between the two sexes. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 866-871, ill. The structure and secretion of the ovisac by the female of Drosichiella (Monophlebus) quad- ricaudata. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 872- 876, ill. Muller, H. J. — Die intrazellulare Symbiose bei Cixius nervosus und Fulgora europaea (Homopt. Cicadina) als Beispiele polysymbionter Zyklen. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 877-894, ill. Omori, N.— Experi- mental studies on the cohabitation and crossing of two spp. of bed-bug, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus (Pre- liminary report). [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 895-915, ill. Pratt, H. D. — Studies in the Ichneumonidae of New England, Pt. 1. [6] 48: 155-193, ill. D'Rozario, A. M. — On the mechanism of copulation in Xeniatus rilu-sii (Tenthred., Hymen.). [107] A, 15: 69-77, ill. Ryberg, O. — Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fortpflanzungsbiologie und metamorphose der Fledermausfliegen Nycteribiidae (Dipt. Pupipara). [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 1285-1299, ill. Schwartz, V. — Priifung der wirkung der mutation dec bei Ptychopoda durch augentransplantationen. [Die Naturwissensch.] 28: 399-400, ill. Schwartz, W.- Die physiologischen Grundlagen der Symbiosen von Tieren mit Pilzen und Bakterien. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 916-926, ill. Seidel, Bock & Krause.— Die organ-
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
isation des insekteneies. [Die Naturwissensch.] 28: 433- 446, ill. Slifer, K. H. — The internal genitalia of female Ommexechinae and Cyrtacanthracridinae (Orth: Acridid.). [J. MorphJ 67: 199-239, ill. Smit & Reyneke.— Do nymphs of Acrididae stridulate? [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3: 72-75. Steiniger, F. — Die okologische Bedeutung der Augenilecke bei Insekten. [Verh. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1340-1346, ill. Von Studnitz & Brenner. — Zur Physiologic der Muskelquerstreifung. [Verh. VII Internal Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 927-932. Suster, P. M— Fuhler— und Bein- regeneration nach Ganglienexstirpation bei der aegypti- schen Gottesanbeterin (Sphodromantis bioculata) und' der ostindischen Stabheuschrecke Dixippus (Carausictis) mor- osus. [Verh. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 933-937, ill. Szekessy, W. — Der Hautsaum der Staphyliniden tmd seine Funktion. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 938-944, ill. Timofeeff-Rissovsky, N. W.— Zur Analyse des Polymorphisms bei Adalia bipunctata. [97] 60: 130- 137, ill. Ulrich, H. — Untersuchungen uber Morphologic und Physiologic des Generationswechsels von Oligarces paradoxus, eine Cecidomyide mit lebendgebarenden Larven. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 955-974, ill. Weber, H. — Uber ein neues Organ im Kopf der Elefanten- laus Haematomyzus elephantis. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 975-979, ill. Weiss, H. B.— The death-feint of Trox unistriatus. [6] 48: 303-304. Whiting, A. R. — Do Habrobracon females sting their eggs. [90] 74: 468-471. Williams, J. L. — The anatomy of the internal genitalia and the mating behaviour of some Lasiocampid moths. [J. Morph.] 67: 411-437, ill.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Barbieri, N. A.—
Les mouches communes vehicules de cochenilles rouges et d'Acariens ou Le parasitisme chitinique. [Verh. VII In- ternat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1024-1031. Bryant & Archer. — Notes on Epeira pentagona. [5] 47: 60-65. ill. Chamberlin, R. V. — On some Chilopods from Barro Col- orado Island. [5] 47: 66-74, (K*). Fahlander, K.— See under Anatomy. Keifer, H, H. — Eriophyid Stidies IX. [Bull. Dept. Agr. St. Cal.] 29: 112-117, ill. (*). Lavoi- pierre, M. M. J. — Hemitarsonemus latus (Acarina) a mite of economic importance new to South Africa. [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3: 116-123, ill. Schmidt, F. L. — Entonyssus vitz- thumi (Acarina), a new Ophidian lung mite. [lour. Para- sit.] 26: 309-313, ill. Tragardh, I.— The system of Meso-
lii,'41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.\VS 25
stigmata in the light of comparative morphology. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 955-954, ill. (k).
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— Bogoescu, C. — Biologische Beobachtungen an Ephemeropteren. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1032-1043, ill. Ferguson, A. — A preliminary list of the Odonata of Dallas Co., Texas. [Field & Lab.] 8: 1-10, ill. Hanson, J. F.— De- scriptions of new North American Plecoptera [10] 42: 147- 150, ill. Hood, J. D. — Two new Heliothripinae (Thysan- optera) from the Transvaal. [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3: 35-41, ill. The cause and significance of macropterism and bra- chypterism in certain Thysanoptera, with description of a new Mexican sp. [An. Escu. Nac. Cien. Biol.] 1: 497-505, ill. A new Teuchothrips (Thysanoptera) from Mexico. [An. Escu. Nac. Cienc. Biol.] 1: 507-512, ill. Organo- thrips bianchii, a new Hawaiian thrips from taro. [37] 10: 423-427, ill. Kimmins, D. E. — N. genn. and spp. of Hem- erobiidae. [75] 6: 222-236, ill. (S). La Rivers, I.— Some dragonfly notes from northern Nevada. [13] 32: 61-68, ill. Lincoln, E. — Growth in Aeshna tuberculifera. [Pro. Amer. Philosoph. Soc.] 83: 589-605, ill. Ogloblin, A. A.— The Strepsiptera parasites of Ants. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1277-1284, ill. Wagner, J.— Beitrag zur kenntnis der flohe von Brit.-Kolumbien. [Zeit. fur Parasi- tenkde. 11: 463-467, ill. (*). Zimmerman, E. C. — Studies of Hawaiian Neuroptera [37] 10: 487-510, ill. (k*).
ORTHOPTERA. — Ander, K. — Systematische Einteilung und Phylogenie der Ensiferen (Saltatoria) auf Grund von vergleichend-anatomischen Untersuchungen. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 621-627. Faure, J. C.- Maternal care displayed by Mantids [J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.] 3: 139-150, ill. Knutson, H.— A key to the Acrididae of northeastern Texas with ecological notes. [Field & Lab.] 8: 33-58, ill. Kohler, P. — Die biologischen Grundlagen fur eine mogliche Losung des Problems der argentinischen Wanderheuschrecke. [Verh. VII Internat, Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1181-1212, ill. Slifer, E. H.— See under Ana- tomy. Smit & Reyneke. — See under Anatomy. Urquhart, F. A. — Notes on the Ontario species of Scuddcria. [Can. Field Nat.] 54: 102-104, ill. (k). Further notes on the sand cricket, Tridactylus apicalis. [Can. Field Nat.] 54: 106. Uvarov, B. P. — Eleven new names in Orthoptera. [75] 6: 377-380.
26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
HEMIPTERA. — Ball & Beamer.— A revision of the gen. Athysanella and some related genn. (Cicadell.). [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 5-82, ill. (k*). Caldwell, J. S.— -N, genn. and spp. of jumping plant-lice from the Hawaiian Islands with descriptions of several immature stages (Psyllid.) [37] 10: 389-397, ill. (k). Doering, K.— A con- tribution to the Taxonomy of the subfam. Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgorid.). [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 83-167, ill. (k*). Funkhouser, W. D — New Peruvian Membracidae. [6] 48: 275-293, ill. Hungerford, H. B. — Results of the Oxford University Cayman Islands Biological Expedition of 1938 (Aquatic Hemiptera). [8] 76: 255-256. Lindsay, D. R— The gen. Norvellina (Cica- dell.). [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 169-213, ill. (k*), Sugden, J. W. — Characteristics of certain western Cicadas. [6] 48: 117-125. Van Duzee, E. P.— N. spp. of Hemiptera collected by the Templeton Crocker Expedition to the Solomon Islands in 1933. [55] 16: 178-192. Wheeler, N. H. — The North American empoascan leafhoppers of the albo- neura group (Cicadellid) [91] 30: 478-483. (k*).
LEPIDOPTERA. — Bell, E. L.— Some synonymy in Neo- tropical Hesperiidae. [6] 48: 116. Borner, C.— Die Grund- lagen meines Lepidopterensystems. [Verh. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1372-1424, ill. Braun, A. F.— Aster and goldenrod seed-feeding spp. of Coleophora. [4] 72: 178, 182, ill. (*). Breland, O. P.— Some parasites and hyper- parasites of the Cecropia moth. [6] 48: 259-264. Clarke, j F. G. — United States records of tropical American Lepidoptera. [10] 42: 155-156. Dos Passes, C. F.— On the occurrence of Papilio polydamas L. within the U. S. [4] 72: 188. Eggers, F. — See under Anatomy. Field, W. D.
A distributional note on Achalarus lyciades (Hesperiid).
[103] 13: 114. A distributional note on Heterochroa bredowii (Nymphalid). [103] 13: 123. A note on Argynnis krautwurmii (Nymphalid). [103] 13: 129. Fox, R. M.- A generic review of the Ithomiinae (Nymphalid). [1] 66: 161-207, ill. (k*). Grimshawe, F. M. — Place of Sorrow. [Nat. Mag.] 33: 565-567, 611., ill. Hayward, K. J.— Migra- tion of Colias lesbia (Pierid.) in the Argentine in 1940. [9] 73: 222-224. Hesperoidea Argentina XII. [106] 130: 70-88, ill. (*)• Martorell, L. F. — Notes on the biology of Meso'condyla concordalis and its parasites. [The Caribbean Forester] 2:1 18-19, ill. (s). Sanford, L. J.— A new record for Connecticut. [6] 48: 244. Atrytone logan. [6] 48: 258.
Hi, '41 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27
Swezey, O. H. — N. spp. of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. [37] 10: 461-465 (k). Williams, J. L. — See under Anatomy.
DIPTERA.— Aitken, T. H. G— Notes on Aedes nigro- maculatus, A. increpitus, and Culex territans in California (Culicidae). [10] 42: 142-147, ill. Alexander, C. P.- Records and descriptions of Neotropical craneflies, XI. [6] 48: 105-116. New or little known Tipulidae, LVIII : Neo- tropical spp. [75] 194-222, ill. Barbieri, N. A. — See under Arachnida. Breland, O. P. — See under Lepidoptera. Bruch & Blanchard. — Observaciones biologicas sobre Strobelia baccharidis (Trypetid.) y descripcion de dos Himenopteros (Chalcid.). [Rev. Mus. de La Plata] 2: 85-98, ill. (*s). Cumley, R. W. — See under Anatomy. Curran, C. H. — • Some new Neotropical Syrphidae. [40] no. 1086: 14 pp., (k). Edwards, F. W. — Redefinitions and synonymy of some genera of amber fungus-gnats (Mycetophil.) [107] B, 9: 120-126. Greene, C. T.— Two n. 'spp. of the gen. Hermetia (Stratiomyiid.). [10] 42: 150-155, ill. (S). Hal- lock, H. C. — The Sarcophaginae and their relatives in New York. [6] 48: 127-153; 201-231, ill. (k). Hardy, D. E.— Dorylaidae notes and descriptions (Pipunculid). [103] 13: 101-114, ill. (*). Hull, F. M.— Some n. spp. of Syrphidae. [91] 30: 432-434, (S). Malloch, J. R.— The North Ameri- can genera of the Dipterous subfam. Chamaemyiinae. [75] 6: 265-274, (k*). Marterell, L. F.— (see under Lepidop- tera). Melander, A. L. — Hilara granditarsis (Empid.), a balloon-maker. [5] 47: 55-56. Ryberg, O. — See under Anatomy. Sabrosky, C. W. — Twelve new North American spp. of Oscinella (Chloropid.). [4] 72: 214-230, ill. (k). Zumpt, F. — Das System der Stomoxydinae. Ein Beitrag zu schwebenden Fragen der Taxonomie; 2. — Vorstudie zu einer monographischen Bearbeitung der Stomoxydinae. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 3: 1723-1733, (k).
COLEOPTERA.— Blaisdell, F. E.— A n. sp. of Listrus from Cajon Pass, California (Melyrid.). [4] 72: 212-213. Brown, W. J. — Some new and poorly known spp. of Cole- optera. [4] 72: 182-187, ill. (k). On the identity of Macro- basis unicolor and some allied spp. (Meloid.). [4] 72: 230- 232, (k). Fiedler, C. — Die sudamerikanischen arten der gattung Acalles (Cure. Cryptorhynchid.). [Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell.] 30: 642-667, "ill. (k*). Grensted, L. W.— Cis- sidae, Cisidae, Cioidae or Ciidae? [8] 76: 145-146. Hatch, M.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
H. — Observations on Silphinae with a note on intraspecific variations and their designation. [6] 48: 233-244. Hender- son, L. S. — A revision of the gen. Listronotus (Curculio.). LJniv. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 215-337, ill. (k*). Hinton, H. E. — A monograph of Gyrelmis gen. n., with a study of the variation of the internal anatomy (Elmidae). [36] 90: 375-409, ill. (Sk*). A synopsis of the gen. Elmoparnus (Dryop.). [9] 73: 183-189, ill. (S). A synopsis of the Bolivian species of Cylloepus (Elmidae). [75] 6: 393-409, ill. (*). Hoffman, C. E. — Limnological relationships of some northern Michigan Donaciini (Chrysomel.). [Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc.] 59: 259-274, ill. Mank, E. W.— A n. sp. of Haliplus. [5] 47: 57-59, ill. Marshall, G. A. K.- Two new West Indian Curculionidae. [8] 76: 175-177. Saylor, L. W. — Revision of the Scarabaeid beetles of the Phyllophagan subgen. Lislrochelus of the U. S., with dis- cussion of related stibgenn. [50] 89: 59-130, ill. (k*). Schedl, K. E. — Zur einteilung und synonymic der Cryphal- inae (Scolyt.). [Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell.] 30: 583-591, ill. Swezey, O. H. — Micromalthus debilis in Hawaii. [37] 10: 459. Thery, A.— Bupresti des nouveaux. [75] 6:160- 169, ill. (S). Y. T. — Dos nuevos buprestidos del Peru. [Flora y Fauna Peru.] 1 : 18-19. Zimmerman, E. C. — On the genera of Anobiidae and Ptinidae found in Hawaii. [37] 10: 467-470 (k). Revision of the Hawaiian Allecu- lidae. [37] 10: 471-476 (k*). A new lowland Neoclytarlus from Oahu (Cerambyc.). [37] 10: 479-481. A new Pro- terhinus from the Waianae Mis., Hawaii (Aglycyderid.). [37] 10: 483-485, ill.
HYMENOPTERA.— Blanchard, E. E.— Apuntes sobre Encirtidos Argentines. [106] 130: 106-128, ill. (k*). Bradley, J. C. — Otras consideraciones sobre las especies americanas de Campsomeris (Scoliidae) de coloracion abso- lutamente negra. [106] 130: 3-12 (S*). Breland, O. P.- See under Lepidoptera. Bruch & Blanchard. — See under Diptera. Cushman, R. A. — A n. sp. of Lissonota (Ichneu- mon.). [10] 42: 156-158. Francke-Grosman, H. — Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Beziehungen unserer Holzwespen zu Pilzen. [Verh. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1120- 1137, ill. Gosswald, K. — Uber den Sozialparasitismus der Ameisen. [Verh. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1149-1155. Hubrich & Bruch. — Aus der Biologic argentin- ischer Ameisen. [Verh. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1170-1171. Martorell, L. F.— (see under Lepidoplera).
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29
Ogloblin, A. A. — See tinder Small Orders. D'Rozario, A. M. — See under Anatomy. Schwarz, H. F. — Additional species and records of stingless bees (Meliponidae) from British Guiana based on specimens collected by the Terry- Holden Expedition. [40] no. 1078: 12 pp., ill. (K*). Skwarra, E. — Sicdler und Siedlungsbedingungen auf Ameisenpflanzen. | Verb. VII Internal. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 1331-1339, ill. Smith, M. R.— The identity of the ant Camponotus (Myrmentoma) caryae (Fitch). [10] 42: 137- 141, ill. Walley, G. S. — A revision of the Ichneumon-flies of the gen. Campoplegidea occurring in America north of Mexico. [Scientific, Agriculture] (20) 12: 647-734, ill. (k*). Weber, N. A. — Rare Ponerine genera in Panama and Brit- ish Guiana (Formicid.). [5] 47: 75-84, ill. (*). Weyrauch, W. — Die allgemeinen Prinzipien der Zusammenarbeit bei sozialen Insekten, nach Festellungen an Vespa und Doli- chovespula. [Verb. VII Internat. Kongr. Ent. Berlin] 2: 980-984.
SPECIAL NOTICES.— Vegetation type maps of Cali- fornia and western Nevada. By A. E. Wieslander. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley, California. 1932.
OBITUARY
The Philadelphia Inquirer for October 10, 1940, carried a dispatch from Bedford Hills, New York, of the preceding day, that Miss KATHERINE MAYO, best known for her book "Mother India," 1927, died at her home that day after a long illness, at the age of 72. She was born in Ridgeway, Pennsylvania.
Miss Mayo spent five years in Surinam extending into 1906. Among the letters which Dr. Henry Skinner left at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia are some from Miss Mayo and her sister, Miss Gertrude Mayo, of the years 1906 and 1907, referring to insects which she sent for the Academy. In her letter from Paramaribo of May 22, 1906, she mentions that she had sent ten boxes by consecutive mails since March 29; "All the insects in these boxes have been caught here in Paramaribo or in the brush of the immediate outskirts." After her return to the United States, she placed an advertisement in the Veivs for June and July, r«>7 Suri- nam insects for sale — Apply to Katherine Mavo, Frank ford
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '41
Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa." It was of this that she wrote from Locust, New Jersey, August 22, "I have as many answers, now, as I have insects for; so it may be as well to discontinue the advertisement." Previously, on July 6, 1907, she wrote of a visit to the Academy which "makes me wonder if by any chance there might be a place in the Academy that I could apply for." Dr. Skinner's reply, not at hand, brought the letter of August 22 : "I should have liked working at the Academy, but as you say and show, the conditions are not exactly practical." — P. P. CALVERT.
We regret to notice in recent numbers of Science announce- ments of the deaths of the following biologists interested in entomology :
Dr. OTTO EMIL PLATH, professor of biology at Boston Uni- versity, on November 5, 1940, in his fifty-sixth year. His papers and book on the biology of bumble bees are well known.
Miss GRACE ADELBERT SANDHOUSE, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, specialist in identification of bees and wasps, on November 9, 1940, aged forty-four years. Her memoir on the North American Bees of the genus Osmia was reviewed in the News just a year ago.
Dr. JOHN PATTILLO TURNER, assistant professor of zoology at the University of Minnesota, on November 11, 1940, in his thirty-ninth year. A paper on the black widow spider in a Minnesota winter was contributed by him to the News for December, 1939.
Dr. F. W. EDWARDS, since 1937 deputy keeper of entomology at the British Museum of Natural History, on November 15, 1940, at the age of ,forty_-sjx years. He was well-known for his work on the Diptera, especially the Nematocera, and was joint leader of the British Museum Ruwenzori Expedition of 1934-35 to the high mountains of British East Africa.
Prof. CHARLES WILLIAM WOODWORTH, emeritus professor of entomology at the University of California, on November 19, 1940, in his seventy-sixth year. An obituary notice by E. O. Essig is in Science for December 20, 1940. He had recently been elected an honorary fellow of the Entomological
Society of America.
— <•» —
Entomological News for December, 1940, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 20, 1940.
This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not lor
advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers.
These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being ongest in) are discontinued.
Wanted.— Nitidulidae for determination or exchange. Correspondence desired with those who will collect. H. R. Dodge, 78 Anne Street, Ointonville, Wisconsin.
Wanted. — To hear from specialists who would care to determine some family of insects for a share of the duplicates. We have many specimens, especially in some families of Diptera and Hymenoptera. H. E. Jaques, Iowa Insect Survey, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.
Insects from Northern Korea. — I will collect insects for specialists in certain groups upon their request; very rich fauna; rates reason- able. Address: Mr. Alexander M. Yankovsky, Shuotsu-Ompo, Korea, Japan.
Wanted — Living specimens of the luminous beetle Phengodes this summer. E. Newton Harvey, The Biology Dept., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
Malacodermata (except Lycidae and Cleridae),of the world. Will determine and purchase. Also exchange against Col. or all other insects from Bolivia. Walter Wittmer, Casilla 852, La Paz, Bolivia, S. America.
I want to collect Rothschildia, agapema, gulfina and io moths and Texas butterflies for interested persons. Eula Frizzell, R 4 San Benito, Texas.
Wanted — To hear from collectors who desire extra good cocoons of Michigan Platysamia Columbia, that will emerge June, 1941. W. S. McAlpine, 575 Townsend St., Birmngham, Michigan.
Wanted — Specimens of the genus Trox from North America. Will exchange or determine for duplicate material. Mark Robinson, 231 Cherry St., Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania.
Lepidoptera — From the South, including P. palamedes, T. halesus and E. jucunda to exchange for fauna from other localities. H. W. Eustis, 2230 McDowell St., Augusta, Georgia.
Wanted — Egg cases of preying mantids. Correspondence desired with those who will collect. Osmond P. Breland, Department of Zoology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
FOR SALE The fine Collection of C. W. Herr, consisting of
1230 Tropical, and 2950 North American Lepidoptera, all expanded, also over 900 papered American specimens.
All specimens named. MRS. C. W. HERR, Woodburn Oregon.
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We would call your attention to the increasing scarcity of many of the publications of The American Entomological Society, and advise you to obtain those desired before the publisher is unable to supply them, at least at the present prices. This refers to contributions published in the Proceed- ings of The Entomological Society of Philadelphia and in the Transactions of The American Entomological Society. We will be glad to give you prices on any available if you send us your desiderata, stating authors, volume and pagination. We also have a large number of entomological papers pub- lished in other journals, duplicated in the Society's library. In submitting your want list in this line, give order, author, journal, volume,, pagination and date. Address:
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Subscriptions for 1941 are now due
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
FEBRUARY, 1941
Vol. LII & N- No. 2
~ M: W*
_
CONTENTS
Westfall, Jr. — Notes on Florida Odonata .............. 31
Pate — A Synonymical Note on Crabro (Blepharipus) davidsoni Sand-
house (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae: Pemphilidini) ........ 34
Cresson— New Genera and Species of North American Ephydridae
(Diptera). . . ...................... 35
Blake — Ants Preying on Termites (Hymen.: Formicidae; Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae) ...................... 38
Jones — Futher Notes on Snail-collecting Aphis-lion Larva (Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae) . ..... .... .......... 39
Fox— A New Opisodasys from Idaho (Siphonaptera: Dolichopsyllidae) . 45 Abbott — Modification of the Behavior of Dragonfly Nymphs with
Excised Labia (Odonata) .................. 47
Freeman — A New Species of Amblyscirtes from Texas (Lepidoptera,
Rhopalocera, Hesperiidae) ................. 50
Hayes — A Bibliography of Keys for the Identification of Immature
Insects. Part II. Odonata. . . .............. 52
Current Entomological Literature .................. 56
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. LII FEBRUARY, 1941 No 2.
Notes on Florida Odonata.
By M. J. WESTFALL, JR., Baker Museum, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. (Continued from page 18)
TRAMEA LACERATA. While at Sanibel from December 27, 1939, to January 1, 1940, I saw two mating pairs and one single male of T. laccrata. The single specimen remained around the camp for two days and could have been collected if the sling shot had not broken. After having collected this species during the summer in North Carolina, there was no difficulty in identifying it in the field, as the general black coloration is very distinct.
ARGIA BIPUNCTULATA. This species had been very un- common in our collection until the Spring of 1939. During the previous Spring I found a few at a roadside ditch in Orange County and collected 17 specimens on April 24, 1938. On May 13, 1939, over a hundred specimens, both male and female, were taken in a marshy area surrounding a very small pond which was nearly dry and not more than fifty feet across. Later many more were seen in the same place. In another similar locality about ten miles distant they were also found on May 14, but only a few were seen. Spaghnum moss seemed to be characteristic of the localities where this species occurred.
ARGIA TIBIALIS. In central Florida this damselfly has been very rare in our experience. We have collected only one male in this vicinity, this being taken April 4, 1937, in Seminole County. In Nassau County, however, it was one of the com- monest of the Zygoptera in the summer of 1939, being common everywhere I collected.
ENALLAGMA DURUM. On the flood plains of the St. John's River many of these large Enallagmas have been collected. For this part of the state, this is our only locality record except for a single male which I collected on a lake in Winter Park. In May, 1939, I visited the above mentioned plains and found £.
31
FEB24
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
durum very common on a large Indian mound. There was a strong breeze blowing and they were found around thorn bushes which grew on the mound, and stayed on the side away from the wind. By going from one thorn bush to another more than a hundred of these Enallagmas were collected in a short time, one swing of the net catching three of them on several occasions.
E. LAURENTI. In the late afternoon of November 15, 1939, a friend and I collected E. laurenti on a Winter Park lake from a canoe, using swatters almost entirely. These damsels were so common on the lily pads that four times as I struck at one another appeared so that two were taken at one swat. In a little over an hour we took 90 specimens, all but one of which were males.
E. SULCATUM. A number of collectors have been quite de- lighted to receive this species from us. Certainly it is one of our commonest Enallagmas here, since in an afternoon it is no task to collect over a hundred around one small lake while collecting various other species.
E. POLLUTUM and SIGNATUM. We have found since the paper on "Odonata at Winter Park, Florida," by E. M. Davis and J. A. Fluno was published in 1938, that our common Enal- lagma here is E. pollutum. Around the lakes and on the Wekiwa River they are abundant most of the year. Only about five specimens of signatum have been taken here. In Nassau County, a little more than 150 miles north of us, this situation seems to be reversed, and while catching several hundred signatum which fairly swarmed over the water at Boggy Creek and elsewhere, very few specimens of pollutum were taken.
E. DUBIUM. Also in Nassau County while making a swoop for an E. weewa, a male of E. dubium came along just in time to be caught in the net. On June 7, 1940, I collected three more males at this same station. On September 11, 1940, a number of males were collected, as well as four mating pairs. Females were found just emerging. On the previous day I stopped at Satilla Creek in Bacon County, Georgia, where I
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33
had taken a pair of dubium a year earlier. At about 9:30 A. M., I began searching for this species. About an hour later the males began to appear, but were not collected. Then about noon the females began appearing, and the pairs in tandem began alighting on floating vegetation where the females de- posited the eggs. Sixteen pairs were quite easily taken. The place where this species was found was along the roadside ditch into which Satilla Creek backs. The creek is bordered by a swampy area with a number of cypress trees in sight. The water is quite deep and dark.
E. CONCISUM. This brilliant red and black damselfly has been uncommon here in the past, but was collected at almost every lake visited in Central Florida during the Spring and Fall of 1939. Certainly it was far from being uncommon, especially at the lakes with dead grass extending out into the water for some distance. They seemed to like to stay on this grass as far from the shore as possible, so that one usually waded in the water to collect them. Some were also collected in Nassau County.
E. WEEWA. In March, 1935, one male of this species was collected on the Wekiwa River by Mr. E. M. Davis. Then I took another male in the same locality in May, 1939. No other specimens were taken by us until September 13, 1939, when I found them very abundant at certain points in Nassau County. They were first found at a small stream about five miles south of the Florida-Georgia state line. Also I collected them at a stream on the Nassau-Duval County line. Over 100 specimens, male and female, were taken in a short time. Three males were also collected in the same place on June 7, 1940. The streams where E. weewa was so abundant were small, flowing through low woods, which were overflowed by high water. The bottom was sandy, and the water quite dark, forming deep pools in some places. Over these pools E. weewa hovered as if motionless, then moved leisurely up and down the extent of the pool, hesitating here and there in mid-air. E. cardcnium was present and at first was confused with weewa, but soon could be distinguished from the latter by the heavier build of the body and different flight. I believe E. weewa may be more
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
common on the Wekiwa than the two records indicate, but that the few individuals are lost in the host of cardenium.
TELEALLAGMA (ENALLAGMA) DAECKII. We have never taken this species in central or southern Florida, but on June 7, 1940, I collected nine mating pairs in Nassau County. They were all taken at one station, in a grassy area at the edge of a creek which was almost dry.
ISCHNURA KELLICOTTI. With a swatter this species is taken in large numbers on the local lakes, where it flies from one lily pad to another with a quick, nervous movement unlike that of any other of the Zygoptera with which I am familiar. Almost every lake with lily pads had its share of them during the Spring and Fall of 1939, males, and' both homochromatic and heterochromatic females. In a couple hours to collect a hundred specimens of /. keltic otti, together with additional specimens of other species, was not a difficult task with a swatter at one lake where I collected.
A Synonymical Note on Crabro (Blepharipus) davidsoni Sandhouse (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae: Pemphilidini).
During a recent visit to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mr. Nathan Banks called my attention to a species he described in 1921 as Blepharipus parkeri (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XIV, p. 17), and inquired if it was not the same as that which Miss Grace A. Sandhouse named Crabro (Bleph- aripus} davidsoni in 1938 (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XXXI, p. 1). Comparison of the type of Banks' parkeri, described from a series of females taken at Lexington, Massachusetts, with material of Crabro (Blepharipus} davidsoni, indicates that the two are indubitably one and the same species. Miss Sand- house's name must therefore be recorded as a synonym of Banks' earlier Blepharipus parkeri. Crossocerus (Blephari- pus} parkeri (Banks), which nests in old stumps and rotting logs, provisioning its galleries therein with a diverse assort- ment of leafhoppers, is a rather common and widely distributed form throughout the New England, Middle Atlantic, and North Central states. Davidson, for whom Miss Sandhouse named the species, and Landis presented an excellent account of its biology in 1938 (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XXXI, pp. 5-8).— V. S. L. PATE, Cornell University.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35
New Genera and Species of North American Ephydridae (Diptera).
By EZRA T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Curator, Dept. of Insects,
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Discocerina flavipes new species.
Whether this is a variety or subspecies of obscurella, or a distinct species, is difficult to determine at present. Its simi- larity to the Neotropical nitidiventris Hendel, the narrow-cheek form of obscurella, is apparent, differing only, it seems, in having the legs entirely yellow. In all the material I have seen of obscurella from North America, the femora are dark with at most their apices showing some dilution. In the present form the legs, including the coxae, are entirely yellow, although the femora may show some infuscation on the posterior sur- faces. In other respects the characters are those of that form of obscurella with narrow parafacies and cheeks.
Very similar to obscurella but the legs mostly yellow; para- facies very narrow and conspicuously pale and show little or no dilatation ventrad. Tergite V of the male seems to be no more shining than IV and is sometimes not at all shining.
Type. — £ ; Bakersfield, CALIFORNIA, September 4, 1898; [A. N. S. P., no. 6607] l. Paratypes — 2 $ , 1 9 ; with same data.
HELAEOMYIA new genus.
Genotype: Psilopa pctrolei Coquillett, 2898.
This interesting insect, the "Petroleum fly," cannot well be retained in Psilopa. nor will it more comfortably go in Mima- psilopa Cresson nor Clasiopella Hendel.
The face is somewhat gently convex and bifoveate, with two rather stout facials on each side, occupying the lower third of facial profile. The antennal spine is short and the third seg- ment but slightly elongate and not conoid. Helaeomyia californica new species.
Very similar to the European Psilopa nitidula (Eallcn) in the color pattern of the legs, but the strong general setation and the strong second facial, places it near Psilopa dimidiata (Cresson), another member of the genus.
1 This material was given me by Dr. C. W. Woodworth of the Uni- versity of California, in 1908.
36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
Fore legs entirely black; antennae black with base of third segment slightly diluted. Yellow: apices of mid and hind femora, entire mid and hind tibiae and their tarsi except apices. Halteres white. Wing slightly dusky with some veins pale; posterior crossvein distinctly clouded. Shining, without any metallic reflections.
Setation strongly developed. Head broader than high; dis- tinctly higher than long. Fronto-facial profile rather straight, oblique from anterior ocellus to mid face, with vertex rounded ; Frons about .6 width of head, twice as broad as long; ©cellars about as far apart as are the posterior ocelli; frontorbital aligned with frontal and well removed mesad. Face about .3 width of head, scarcely twice as long as broad ; rather strongly convex but not gibbous in profile; foveal sulci slightly indi- cated ; upper facial almost at mid profile, cruciate ; second bristle one-half as long ; one to two setae ventrad. Cheek about as broad as third antennal segment; buccal very long. An- tennal spine as long as third segment ; arista with six hairs.
Mesonotal setulae rather distinctly seriated; prescutellar rec- tangle, quadrate. Scutellum flat. Abdomen elongate-ovate; tergite V of male not longer than IV; genital segment well developed.
Fore coxae with weak lateral marginal setae; fore femur minutely serrulated on antero-flexor margin. Vein II but slightly curving into costa ; second costal section slightly longer than third.
Length, 2 mm.
Type. — Male; Davis, CALIFORNIA; June 9, 1936; (R. M. Bohart; sweeping lawn grass); [A. N. S. P., no. 6608]2. Paratypes. — 1 female ; with same data. 1 9 ; Eldridge, Sonoma County, California; October 25, 1915; (J. A. Kusche). MIMAPSILOPA new genus.
Genotype: Clasiopella metatarsata Cresson, 1939.
Much like the Indo-Malayan Clasiopella Hendel, 1914, in the form of the antennae, but the arrangement of the facials simulates that of Helaeomyia Cresson and in this respect ap- proaches Leptopsilopa.
Strongly setose species with long antannal spine and conoid third segment. Face distinctly convex medianly, the facials well separated and occupying the lower half or three-fifths of
2 This type was placed in the Collection of the Academy by Dr. A. L. Melander,
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37
the facial profile.
Hydrellia bergi new species.
Very similar to H. subnitens Cresson, 1931 in possessing such a conspicuous genital segment, but it has the legs includ- ing the tarsi, entirely black.
Black, including antennae and tarsi; palpi and genital seg- ment, orange or yellow. Halteres lemon yellow. Wings with black veins.
Frons almost opaque black, its areas but slightly differenti- ated. Face sericeous, yellow to golden; lunule more whitish; cheeks and occiput cinereous. Mesonotum including humeri and notopleura and scutellum, black with very sparse gray or brownish vestitun , almost shining; pleura cinerous especially ventrad but becon.ing darker dorsad and on metanotum. Ab- domen opaque black, becoming more shining and sparsely einerous laterad and apicad; ventral lobes cinereous. Legs somewhat cinereous
Head scarcely broader than high. Frons strongly transverse; ocellars rather weak. Face more than one-fourth width of head, about twice as long as broad, evenly convex in profile, not definitely carinate ; facial series of about six fine bristles, extend well dorsad; parafacies linear almost to postbucca. Cheeks about as broad as third antennal segment. Arista with about six hairs.
Mesonotal bristles and setulae rather well developed and the latter not numerous ; antesutural dorsocentral about as strong as postsutural one with an intermediate seta, and a second postsutural dorsocentral sometimes well developed. Abdomen ovate; tergites III to V of male long, subequal in length, the latter trigonal; genital segment large, always visible, the large pale protegen being most conspicuous.
Legs slender with rather strong setation. Wings elongate, with costa II not much longer than III.
Length, 2.2 mm.
Type. — Male ; Nigger Creek, Cheboygan County, MICHIGAN ; June 27, 1940; (C. C. Berg); [U. S. N. M.]. Paratytvs.- 1 $ ; 1 9 ; Douglas Lake, Cheboygan Co., Michigan; July 5, 1940; (C. C. Berg). 1 9 ; Cheboygan County, Michigan, June 25, 1940; (C. C. Berg). Hydrellia johnsoni new species.
Very similar to H. tibialis Cresson, 1917, but entirely opaque
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
to subopaque. The frons uniformly opaque, almost velvety- black, but the mesofrons sometimes slightly differentiated in extreme dorsal aspect. Antennae entirely opaque black. Meso- notum, scutellum and abdomen concolorous, almost truly opaque, with tendency to gray or brownish; pleura more cinereous, as are also the coxae. Second costal section slightly longer than third.
Type. — Male; New Mill Pond, Mt. Desert, MAINE; July 25, 1935 ; (William Procter) ; [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no. 6609] .3 Paratypes. — 8 $ , 6 9 ; with same data.
Ant3 Preying on Termites (Hymen.: Formicidae; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae),
In spite of the ease with which the capture of swarming termites by ants might, supposedly, be observed, there seems to be only one record extant for North America This is of an unnamed species taken in Louisiana by Iridomyrmex huntilis.
This spring at Lincoln, Massachusetts, I was able to observe the following six ants taking alates of Reticulitermes flavipes'. Crcmatogastcr lineolata, Aphaenogaster fulva acquia, Lasius niger alienus var. americanus, Formica rufa Integra, F. neo- gagates, and F. pallidefulva nitidiventris. This is, so far, the roll of termitharpactic ants in North America.
Wheeler (1936, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 71: 159-243) has excellently summarized the ecological relations of ants to termites. On pp. 178 and 179 he distinguishes five relation- ships: (1) termitharpagy or predation, (2) cleptobiosis or theft of termite prey from termitharpactic ants, which is really an ant to ant relationship, (3) lestobiosis or theft of termite brood by ants, (4) plesiobiosis or utilization of termitaries by ants, (5) termitoxeny or friendly residence in the termite- inhabited part of the termitary. Termitharpagy has been con- sidered and cleptobiosis is not yet recorded for this, continent. Wheeler lists four North American termitolestic ants. His fourth category is represented in North America by, at least, an occasional colony of Or emato garter lineolata and probably of Camponotus castaneus americanus. Termitoxenic ants are not known, in the New World. — CHARLES H. BLAKE, Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
'The type of this species has been placed in the Academy's Collection by Mr. Procter.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39
Further Notes on the Snail-collecting Aphis-lion Larva (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
By DAVID T. JONES, M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor Zoology, University of Utah.
IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND SNAILS CARRIED.
Recently Dr. Roger C. Smith of Kansas State College, has examined the wing-venation of the snail-collecting aphis-lion, the larva of which has been previously described (Jones, 1929). He has tentatively identified it as Nodita virginica (Fitch). The specimen was collected two miles north of Bloomington, Indiana, but was in the pupal stage. After some time the adult emerged and the wings were mounted. These were later photographed by Calvin A. Richins of the University of Utah.
In addition to the above, I am indebted to the following for aid in the study of this species: Prof. H. R. Eggleston, Dr. R. G. Guthrie, Roy Ash, Ralph Alexander, and Paul Crone of Marietta College, Ohio; Adrienne Satterfield (now Mrs. Huston Newman) of West Union, Ohio; Dr. Fernandus Payne and Dr. A. C. Kinsey of Indiana University; Dr. Carl J. Drake and Dr. E. R. Becker of Iowa State College; Dr. R. V. Chamberlin and Dr. Don M. Rees of the University of Utah; and the officials of the Smithsonian Division of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Historically, the first mention that I have found of such a snail-carrying aphis-lion larva is that of Banks (1905) who erroneously placed it in the Hemerobiid, rather than in the Chrysopid family, as Smith (1926) later confirms. No locality record was given. I quote this first mention by Banks. "The larvae of Hemerobius appear to be much less known than allied forms; I have not bred any, but a larva given me by Mr. Schwarz probably belongs to this genus; it has a broader head, a shorter body than Chrysopa; and the lateral processes of the thorax are very long; this specimen was taken among fallen leaves and carried the empty shells of several small molluscs." Smith (1926) lists no snail-carrying larvae in his very fine discussion of trash-carrying Chrysopid larvae. The author (1929) described the external features of the larva now
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
under consideration, giving two localities: Vinton County, Ohio, approximately seven miles west of Albany, which is about twelve miles east of McArthur; and Squaw Hollow, near Marietta, Ohio. The numbers, unreported therein, were from these localities respectively: five, which were preserved; and one, which escaped. Subsequent to this publication one more living specimen was taken at Squaw Hollow. Observations have recently been made (Archer, 1938) on a similar Chry- sopid, perhaps not the same species, in North Carolina and Alabama. He found only four specimens, one from each of the following four localities: Hayesville, North Carolina; Robbinsville Road in the northwest of Macon County, North Carolina; Clay, Jefferson County, Alabama; and Fort Payne, DeKalb County, Alabama. Archer reports the following species of snails carried : Retinella indentata paucilirata, Reti- nella indentata carolinensis wetherbyi, Polygyra rugeli juve- niles, Hawaiia minuscula, Euconulus sterkii, Euconulus chersi- nus, and Vertigo gouldii. Two insect crania were also listed. As this paragraph contains all the literature resulting from a search of over ten years, it is evident that the literature is as meager, as the specimens are rare.*
During this time, however, the following locality records have accumulated for this species: Athens County, Ohio, midway, between Torch and Coolville, five live specimens and two dead specimens ; Meigs County, Ohio, two miles northeast of Rock Springs, near Chester, one live specimen; Morgan County, Ohio, on Turkey Run, one mile west of Stockport, one pupal case with snails intact, from which the adult insect had emerged; Adams County, Ohio, at Hill's Fork on the Pan- handle Road, one living specimen; and Bloomington, Indiana, two live specimens, and one pupa from which the adult emerged, the wings of which are mentioned above.
The snails carried on the Ohio and Indiana specimens are of the following species : Punctum pygmaeum ( Drap. ) , Euconulus
* Since this paper was submitted, Dr. Roger C. Smith has called attention to my overlooking the article by Gordon K. MacMillan. January, 1939, A snail, "taxi." Naut. Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 94-95. He thinks that the specimens Mr. MacMillan has are "unquestionably Chrysopid" rather than Hemerobiid.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41
fulvus (Muller) Striatura milium (Morse) ; Carychium exi- guuin (Say), Strobilops labyrinthica (Say), and Cochlicopa lubrica (Muller). The first two seem to be favorites, as they are chosen far more often than the proportion in which these species occur in the natural fauna. Fragments of insect skele- tons are also often used.
BEHAVIOR, LOCOMOTION, TROPISMS AND FEEDING.
The following observations on behavior chiefly of the Athens County specimens are submitted. Animals mechanically prodded "play possum", recovering in from ten to fifteen seconds if undisturbed. In walking there is a peculiar "feel- ing" or exploratory movement every few steps by the piercing spears. The animals at room temperature attained the follow- ing speeds in walking for thirty second periods: 11 cm. (in- cluding stops), 10 cm. (including stops), 16 cm., 16 cm., and 16 cm. The last three were non-stop promenades. While the leg action is ordinary (the first and third femora on one side moving in the same direction, while the second on the same side is moving in the opposite direction), they have a "hitch- ing" stride. The spears can be approximated, and frequently are, when the animal stops. The animal stops "jeep-like", with head down and flattened against the table, the hind legs elevated thus raising the abdomen.
When turned over on their backs, they somersault to regain the upright position instead of turning sidewise. Sometimes they somersault spears first. At other times they recover by placing the last pair of legs down first and then flopping over.
They dislike excess moisture. They prefer a rather dry habitat of dead leaves. They choose dry instead of wet or moist surfaces. When placed in the light they turn and travel in the other direction. The more intense the light, the faster they travel, seeking darkness or at least shade. They respond negatively to heat, avoiding the warm dry hand or finger. They travel with equal facility on all inclines. They travel as easily vertically downward as vertically upward. When a vertical plane is placed at right angles to their course, they go up over it, rather than crawling along the junction of the plane with the table. In this they appear to be negatively thigmotropic,
42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
unlike the positively thigmotropic trash-carrying Chrysopid larvae reported by Smith (1926). However, under certain circumstances, there is positive thigmotropism. They tend to wedge into crevices. Also they are very uncomfortable when divested of their cloak of shells, as described below. Smith found this also to be true with his trash-carriers, none of which are mentioned as snail-carriers.
One evening Dr. Guthrie, Roy Ash, and the author, care- fully pulled the snails off the backs of two specimens and placed them in dirt containing many Strobilops labyrinthica and other small snails from the Lawrence Church region, Washington County, Ohio. As soon as they found themselves divested of their cloaks, they became frantic, rushing around and seizing the first objects available. One secured a lump of dirt, one Carychium, and one Enconulus and fixed them on its back. The other secured a large juvenile shell of Cochlicopa lubrica and a piece of dirt for its new cloak. After fastening these first objects on their backs, they behaved more leisurely. The next morning, however, they were so overloaded with small snails that each could walk only with difficulty.
At this time the one Cochlicopa and the Euconulus mentioned above were seen to be living but they were withdrawn within their shells. This observation was made under a binocular, without removing the snails from the backs of the "snail-lions". The burdens of snails of each larva suspiciously and gradually disappeared during the next few days, after which most of the shells, including the two mentioned above, were found to be empty. These suspicions were confirmed later, both at Mari- etta College and at Indiana University, when living insects were seen to remove living snails from their burden, thrust the long sucking spears within the aperture into the body of the snail. The snails soon were deflated, much as the ordinary aphis-lions deflate plant lice. These observations change our concept of the burden. It is a "pantry" as well as a "cloak" and a "graveyard". However, the last hardly applies, for after the feast, the shell was more often discarded than replaced on the back, especially if a fresh supply of small snails were available.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43
FIXATION OF SHELLS AND HIBERNATION.
It is very interesting to watch a larva "fix" a snail on its back. The larva seizes the snail shell between the curved sucking spears, as one would pick up an object with pincers. Both abdomen and head are elevated, by raising the third and first pairs of legs respectively, while the mesothoracic region is lowered, by widely spreading the second pair of legs. This allows the head to be thrown straight back and the abdomen to be elevated, at times almost to the vertical. The shell still clasped by the sucking-spear pincers is placed among the hooked hairs on the back, and worked back-and-forth only for a very short time, after which it sticks. The animal is so small, and the process completed so quickly, that it is difficult to observe with hand lens or binocular. Moreover, the animal goes through the process rarely while being watched, and never when you would like to have it thus perform. If the shells after "fixation" are removed and examined under the binocular, fine silk-like strands can be observed to be plastered over their surface. I think that spinnerets on the tip of the elevated abdomen secrete the semi-fluid silk, which quickly dries on the shell and elsewhere hardens to form strands, which when the shell is worked back-and-forth, engage the hooked hairs on the back. However, I have yet to observe the silk being secreted. The whole process of "fixing" a shell can be com- pleted in less than thirty seconds. The thoracic pedicels, the bristles of which are not hooked, serve as a "hay-rack" to support the overhanging portions of the burden. These have been previously described in detail (Jones, 1929). Some of the larger snails have been observed to escape from the cloak of the Squaw Hollow specimen. They continued to live quite normally, outliving the insect.
Attempts to raise the larvae in captivity have all resulted in eventual failure, though some have been kept for several weeks in a jar filled partially with dry leaves, screened over the top. Such a jar kept during the winter indoors at room temperature yielded the following observations at Marietta College. A drop of water occasionally had to be inserted to relieve excessive
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
dryness. It was cautiously avoided, however, by the larvae which would crawl back among the dry leaves. Excessive humidity is to be avoided, as moulds tend to accumulate and the larvae die. In the latter part of November the larvae curl the edges of the leaves and hibernate. This is probably much later than hibernation under natural conditions as the room was quite warm. I uncoiled the leaf a few times and found they were using little or no silk in the construction of their "nest". As they coiled the leaves tighter finally, I decided to let them alone until Spring. Then I found nothing by frag- ments of the pupae and of wings too shattered for identifica- tion. Also some white oval eggs were present, but were so dry and brittle that they shattered. At Indiana University the successful emergence of the adult from the pupal case occurred so early in the morning that it was unobserved. Shortly after its emergence I found it on the underside of the screen cover- ing the jar. The body of the adult was still soft, moist, and light-colored. So eager was I to secure the wings for vena- tion-study that I killed the creature before the body attained maturity of color and rigidity.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ARCHER, A. F. 1938. An insect "Xenophora". Nautilus, Vol. 51, p. 105.
BANKS, NATHAN. 1905. A revision of the Nearctic Heme- robiidae. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. Vol. 31 (32), No. 1, pp. 21-51. (examined, but now unavailable.)
DEWITZ, H. 1884 (1885). Die Angelhaaren der Chrysopo- denlarven. Biol. Centralb. Bd. 4, S. 722-723. (unavailable.)
JONES, DAVID T. 1929. A snail-collecting aphis-lion larva. A preliminary study of external features. Marietta Coll. Re- search Public., Vol. 1, No. 1, 9 pp., 3 plates. The Science Press, Lancaster, Penn. (Yet obtainable from the author, 818 East 5th St., Vinton, Iowa or from Prof. H. R. Eggleston, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio.)
SMITH, ROGER C. 1926. The trash-carrying habit of certain lace wing larvae. Sci, Monthly, Vol. 23, pp. 265-267.
lii, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45
A New Opisodasys from Idaho (Siphonaptera: Dolichopsyllidae).
By IRVING Fox, Washington, D. C.
The following new species of Opisodasys Jordan (1933, p. 72) is named in honor of Dr. W. L. Jellison, who has re- cently (1939) redescribed the other known species of the genus. In that paper and in another recently published by Jordan (1939, p. 316), the male of O. robustus (Jordan) is described, and is shown to be the same as that of O. spatiosus I. Fox (1940, p. 65). Hence the latter name falls as a synonym of
0. robustus.
Through the courtesy of the authorities of the United States National Museum, the writer has had the opportunity to study the collections in their charge which include determined speci- mens of O. enoplus (Rothschild) and O. robustus, and type material of the following species: O. pseudarctomys (Baker), male and female; O. keeni (Baker), male and two females; and 0. vesperalis (Jordan), male and female. Since specimens of all the known species of the genus have been available for study, it has been possible to devise a key to aid in the determi- nation of the males. The type species of the genus is Cerato- phyllus vesperalis Jordan (1929, p. 28), by original designation. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OPISODASYS JORDAN (MALES ONLY).
1. Sternal plate VIII broad basally, truncate distally,
O. jellisoni, n. sp. Sternal plate VIII narrow basally, not truncate distally.. 2
2. Process of clasper bifurcate 3
Process of clasper not bifurcate 4
3. Lobes of process of clasper subequal. . . .O. pseudarctomys Posterior lobe of process much shorter than anterior,
O. vesperalis
4. Uppermost spiniform bristle of movable finger elbowed near
base, not straight, apex directed upward. .O. robustus
Uppermost spiniform bristle of movable finger not elbowed,
straight or with apex directed downward 5
5. Sternal plate VIII with an apical bristle O. keeni
Sternal plate VIII without an apical bristle. . . .O. enoplus
46
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[Feb., '41
Opisodasys jellisoni, n. sp. (Figs. 1, 2, 3.).
$ . Preantennal region of head with two rows of bristles ; upper row consisting of seven bristles, lower row of three much longer ones. Post-antennal region with three bristles, in addition to a marginal row of five. Labial palpus almost reaching to apex of fore coxa, acuminate distally. Pronotal comb consisting of about 21 spines. Mesopleural suture with one bristle, mesepimeron with three bristles. Supraepisternum with one bristle, infraepisternum with three bristles; metepi- meron with two bristles. Modified segments. — Movable finger, process of clasper and sternal plate VIII as shown in Fig. 1. Penis long and slender, spring short not completing a turn.
Fig. 1. Opisodasys jellisoni, n. sp., process of clasper, movable finger and sternal plate VIII of male.
Fig. 2. Idem, receptaculum seminis and sternal plate VII of female allotype.
Fig. 3. Idem, sternal plate VII of female paratype.
$ . Chaetotaxy of head and thorax not well shown by speci- mens available. Bristles of upper preantennal row reduced, some of them absent. Labial palpus not acuminate distally. Mesepisternum and mesepimeron each with four bristles. Supraepisternum with one bristle; metepimeron with three bristles. Sternal plate VII showing variation in depth of sinus. In the holotype the sternal plate VII has the shape shown in Fig. 2; while in a paratype it has the shape shown, in Fig. 3.
Type host and type locality. — Flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinns bangsi at Deer Park, Boise, Idaho,
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47
Type material. — Male holotype and female allotype from Glaucomys sabrinus bangsi at Deer Park, Boise, IDAHO, col- lected December 15-18, 1939, by W. H. Marshall; in the United States National Museum. Type.—U. S. N. M. Cat. No. 54259. Male and female paratypes bearing the same data in the Author's private collection.
LITERATURE CITED.
Fox, IRVING. 1940. Notes on North American Dolichop- syllid Siphonaptera, Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 42 : 64-68, illus.
JELLISON, WILLIAM L. 1939. Opisodasys Jordan 1933, a genus of Siphonaptera. Jour. Parasitol. 25 : 413-420, illus.
JORDAN, KARL. 1929. Notes on North American fleas. Novi- tates Zool. 35: 28-39, illus.
ID. 1933. A survey of the classification of the American species of Ceratophyllus s. lot. Novitates Zool. 39: 70-79.
ID. 1939. On some Nearctic Siphonaptera. Novitates Zool. 41: 316-320, illus.
Modification of the Behavior of Dragonfly Nymphs with Excised Labia (Odonata).
By CYRIL E. ABBOTT, Harding College, Searcy, Arkansas.
About fifteen years ago certain experiments carried on with the nymphs of Anax and Acschna established the fact that those insects are capable of modifying their activities to the extent that they will learn to come to the experimenter for food.
Recently it occurred to me that it might be of interest to perform similar experiments, using instead of normal speci- mens, those from which the labia had been removed. Unfortu- nately the relatively active Aeschnids were not obtainable, and it was necessary to use the more sluggish Gomphids and Libel- lulids instead. Yet, even with these, the results of the experi- ments exceeded expectations.
Each of eleven specimens was treated in the following manner: a looped thread was slipped over the labium until it reached the point where the organ was attached to the head ; the thread was drawn tight, ligating the labium proximally ;
48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
after which the useless organ was excised just distad of the ligature. This treatment seemed to have no seriously injurious effect upon the nymphs; for, although some of them did die shortly after amputation, so also did some untreated specimens ; on the other hand, some of the amputated specimens lived long after the experiments were terminated. Each experimental animal was kept in a preparation dish, containing, in addition to water, a little sand. Once each day an attempt was made to feed the insects by presenting each of them with a bit of meat impaled on the end of a dissecting needle. The materials varied somewhat : raw frog muscle was used, also hamburger, and once liver from a rat.
As in the previous experiments with Aeschnids, one could detect in the behavior of these animals a period of indifference, followed by orienting movements of the head, and, finally a tendency to follow the food about the dish. But what was curiously different from the behavior of normal specimens was the fact that some of these nymphs actually learned to take food from the needle with the mandibles !
A detailed account of the experiment follows. Of the eleven
specimens amputated at the beginning of the experiment, three died within two days of treatment ; three of the remaining in- sects gave no response at any time ; and one specimen responded once, six days after amputation. The responses of the remain- ing four specimens, since they are of special interest, are given in detail.
No. Ill, a Libellulid, gave no response until the third day after amputation, when it accepted food placed in its mandibles. On the sixth day it made as if to seize the food; and on the seventh day it swam toward the food, "lunged" at it, and finally grasped this food with its mandibles. This behavior was repeated on the ninth day, rather feebly, however. The animal was dead on the tenth day.
No. IV, a Gomphid, made slight movements toward the food the day following amputation. It gave no other response until the eighth day, when it followed the food about the dish. On the ninth day this nymph not only followed the food, but
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
finally succeeded in taking some of it with the mandibles. It died on the tenth day after amputation.
No. V, a Gomphid, gave slight positive responses the day after amputation. Until the sixth day it gave no other definite response, although it invariably took food placed in its man- dibles. On the sixth day it attempted to seize the food, which it followed for some distance; on the seventh day it succeeded in obtaining some of the food. On the eighth day it only parti- ally responded, but again on the ninth day it duplicated its be- havior on the seventh. The experiment was terminated on the tenth day, as most of the other specimens had died.
No. VII, a Gomphid, took food placed in its mandibles the day after amputation, but not until the sixth day did it swim to the needle and take food of its own accord. This it repeated on the seventh day. On the eighth day only feeble responses were given, and the experiment was discontinued.
In considering these results it is well to remember that only a few specimens were used, that of these, only four gave the responses described, and that the responses were, in part, what one might expect to find in untreated animals. Nevertheless, it seems significant that some of the nymphs did respond as they did ; for this implies that others are capable of doing likewise. It is the more remarkable when one considers the sluggish habits of these myopic, mud-inhabiting forms, lacking the decisive movements and greater visual powers of the Aeschnids. Con- sider that the labium of the dragonfly nymph is used, not only for seizing prey, but for holding that prey while it is being consumed. The mandibles are poorly adapted to holding food, and they are placed very inconveniently for seizing it.
In view of these considerations, and without implying that the modification exhibits any intelligence on the part of the nymph, I feel bound to maintain that it does indicate adaptive powers which are not easily explained on a purely mechanistic basis. The nymph is far from being the mechanically auto- matic thing some biologists claim. Moreover, the modification involves a modification of the organism as a whole. No theory of reflex action alone can account for the behavior of the ex-
50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
cised nymph which swims to food, thrusts its head over that food, and employs its mandibles in a manner for which they are poorly fitted, and, under normal conditions, would never be employed.
A New Species of Amblyscirtes from Texas (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Hesperiidae).
By H. A. FREEMAN, Lancaster, Texas.
Amblyscirtes belli n. sp.
$ . Upperside. Primaries, black with some fulvous overscal- ing toward the base and inner margin; three sordid white sub- apical spots, the top and bottom ones longer than the middle one ; a small sordid white spot in interspace Cui directly below the bottom subapical spot; a V-shaped, sordid white spot in interspace Cu2 with the bars of the V pointing toward the outer margin of the wings, the upper bar twice as long as the lower one. The spots in some specimens slightly fulvous.
Secondaries. Black with a few scattered fulvous hairs to- ward the base and inner margin of the wings.
Underside. Primaries. Black, somewhat lighter than above except at the base, fulvous overscaling toward the costal margin and apex. The five spots on the upper surface reappear, more distinctly, and in addition there are three spots making a curved connection between the last subapical spot and the small spot in interspace Cui, with the curvature toward the outer margin below the apex.
Secondaries. Black, nearly completely overscaled with gray in some specimens, in others the overscaling is restricted to the outer margin and base of the wings. Two indistinct, vestigial spots near the costa; one minute discal spot; a submesial row of connected spots forming an irregular line, bordered on the inside by dark scales and on the outside by lighter ones. All spots are dark hoary gray.
Body above black with some long gray hairs on the thorax and anterior part of the abdomen ; beneath grayish ; sides of the abdomen black, gray scales forming lines between the seg- ments; palpi light gray, with a few scattered black scales; antennae black, ringed with sordid white; club black above, lighter beneath. Fringes of both wings sordid while between the veins black at the ends of the veins.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51
5 . Similar to the male but with reduced maculation.
Expanse: Male, 24-29 mm., average size 26 mm.; female 23-32 mm., average size 27 mm.
Described from 109 specimens, 68 males and 41 females, collected by the author at Lancaster and two miles west of Vickery, Dallas County, TEXAS, during April, May, June and August of 1940.
This species was placed as undescribed by Mr. E. L. Bell, American Museum of Natural History, New York, and in his honor I take great pleasure in naming it.
Holotype male and allotype female in the collection of the author. Paratypes are being placed in the following collec- tions, three pairs, American Museum of Natural History, New York; one pair, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; one pair, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; one pair, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois ; one pair, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; one pair, collec- tion of Mr. F. Martin Brown, Colorado Springs, Colorado; one pair, collection of Mr. Lowell Hulbirt, Glendora, Cali- fornia; and one pair in the collection of Dr. A. W. Lindsey, Granville, Ohio. The remaining 87 paratypes will remain for the present in the collection of the author for determination purposes.
Belli more closely resembles celia Skinner than any of the other species of Amblyscirtes. In preparing this description belli was compared with 37 specimens of celia contained in the author's collection and the following differences were noted.
1. Although a dark species, celia is lighter than belli. None of the specimens in the type series were as light as any of the 37 specimens of celia.
2. Celia often has a spot near the end of the cell on the upper surface of the primaries. Belli never has a spot in that region.
3. Celia is more completely overscaled with lighter scales on the under surface of both wings than is belli.
4. The spots on the under surface of the secondaries of celia are white, contrasting with the brown rather plainly, whereas belli has dark hoary gray spots that are inconspicuous ; in some specimens they are nearly absent.
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
A Bibliography of Keys for the Identification of Immature Insects. Fart II. Odonata1.
By WM. P. HAYES.
The study of immature aquatic insects has probably been given more attention than terrestrial forms for the reason that in most instances aquatic insects can be more easily reared and with such rearings has come a greater knowledge of the grow- ing stages. As pointed out in Part, I2 of this work the writer is attempting to make available for investigators the literature containing tables or keys for the identification of the develop- mental stages of various insect orders. The following refer- ences have been gathered for use in class work devoted to the taxonomy of immature insects and many have been tried and found to have distinct value. It is realized that the list is probably not complete and the writer would welcome having his attention called to additional citations.
Among aquatic nymphs (naiads) of the three orders Odo- nata, Plecoptera and Ephemerida, the Odonata have been given more intensive study by a greater number of students than the Plecoptera or Ephemerida. This perhaps can be attributed to the greater appeal to collectors that is possessed by the adults. Hence more study of younger stages and, as a result, we find more keys for their identification than we find in the other two orders.
Attention should be called to the works of Lamb (1924) and Nevin (1929 and 1930) in which we are supplied with keys to the instars of the three species representing both suborders — the Anisoptera and Zygoptera. From these it is apparent that we have scarcely made a beginning of our study of these forms. Moreover Calvert (1934, Proc. Amer. Philosophical Soc. Vol. 73, pp. 63-64) in a study of growth rates and larval develop- ment in the genus Anax begins his summary of this work with the following highly significant statement, "Different indi-
1 Contribution No. 200 from the laboratories of the Department of Entomology of the University of Illinois.
*A Bibliography of Keys for the Identification of Immature Insects, Part I— Diptera. Ent. News, Vol. 49: 246-251, 1938; 50: 5-10 76-82 1939.
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53
viduals of Anax junius, a common North American species, and different parts of the same individual grow at different rates. This renders an exact definition of the characteristics of any one of the thirteen larval instars impossible. Nevertheless it is believed that the age of a given larva may be determined within an approximation of one or two instars. All possible char- acters should be taken into consideration in making such deter- minations." This condition perhaps occurs in all Odonata and probably in immature insects of all orders. It is an important consideration that must be kept in mind in using our available keys. So many of our key couplets are concerned with size, and from the above quotation it is apparent that statements of size mean very little, unless qualified by the words "when full grown" and even then how many of us are able to say when a larva or nymph is fully developed?
I asked Dr. Calvert to add any references known to him which I had not included in my original draft. He has com- plied with my request and about half the number here listed have been furnished by him.
ANDER, KJELL. 1926. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der schwe- dischen Odonaten 1. 2. Ent. Tids. 47 (1) ; 31-42, 14 figs., Taf. 2. (Agrion hastulatum, lunulatum, a/'matum, paella; no keys, but interspecific comparisons.)
ID. 1929. Ueber die Nymphe von Mesogomphus hageni Selys. Konowia 8 (2) : 159-162, 4 figs. (No keys, but com- parisons with allied forms.)
AUSSERER, CARLO. 1869. Neurotteri tirolesi colla diagnosi di tutti i generi europei. Parte I. Pseudo-Neurotteri. Annuario Soc. Nat. Modena 4: 71-156, Tav. viii-ix. Also separately paged 1-88. (Analytic table of genera of larvae facing p. 84 (16).
BARBICHE (Abbe). 1884-87. Faune synoptique des Odo- nates ou Libellules de la Lorraine. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz (2) 16: 11-20, 17: 85-163. Also paged separately 1-93, Metz Imprimerie Even Freres 1887 (on cover), Impr. Verronnais (Fischer Succ.) 1883 (on title-page). (Key to genera of larvae pp. 87-89 (15-17).
BARNARD, K. H. 1937. Notes on dragonflies of the S. W. Cape with descriptions of the nymphs and of new species. Ann.
54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
S. Afr. Mus. 32: 169-260, 32 figs. (Key to genera of nymphs pp. 182-3.)
BRAUER, F. u. Low, F. 1857. Neuroptera austriaca. Die im Erzherzogthum Oesterreich bis jetzt aufgefundenen Neur- opteren u. s. w. Wien, Carl Gerald's Sohn. Pp. i-xxiii, 1-80, 5 Taf. (Synopsis of genera of Odonate larvae, pp. xiv-xvi.)
BRUES, C. T., and MELANDER, A. L. 1932. Classification of insects. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 73. Cambridge, Mass., 672 pp., (Key to families pp. 164-167).
BYERS, C. F. 1927. The nymph of Libellula incesta and a key for the separation of the known nymphs of the genus Libel- Ma. Ent. News 38: 113-115. 1927. (Key to species pp. 114-115).
ID. 1927. Notes on some American dragonfly nymphs (Anis- optera). Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 35: 65-74, (Key to species of Anax, pp. 68-69 and to species of Trained- p. 73).
ID. 1930. A contribution to the knowledge of Florida Odonata. University of Florida Publ. Biol. Sci. Series 1 ( 1 ) ; 1-327, 19 figs., 11 pis. (Key to spp. of nymphs, pp. 34-39, table for Enallagma spp., pp. 194-195).
ID. 1936. The immature form of Brachymesia gravida, with notes on the taxonomy of the group (Libellulidae). Ent. News 47: 35-37, 3 figs., 60-64. (Key to genera of Corduliinae and Libellulinae, pp. 60-64).
ID. 1937. A review of the dragon-flies of the genera Neuro- cordulia and Platycordulia. Misc. Publ. No. 36. Mus. of Zool., Univ. Mich., pp. 1-36. 8 pis. (Key to species, p. 9).
ID. 1940? A study of the dragonflies of the genus Prog- omphus (Gomphoides) with a description of a new species. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 4: 19-85, tables, 1 graph, 6 pis. 1939. (Key to 3 spp. of nymphs, pp. 58-59.)
CABOT, L. 1872. The Immature State of the Odonata. III. Cat. Mus. of Comp. Zool., No. V (Mem. of same 2) Part I. Subf. Gomphina, pp. 1-17, Pis. I-III. 1881. Part II. Subf. Aeschnina, Mem. of same 8 (1): pp. 35-39. 1890. Part III. Subf. Cordulina, Mem. of same 17 (1) ; pp. 37-41.
CALVERT, P. P. 1893. Catalogue of Odonata (Dragonflies)
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55
of the vicinity of ' Philadelphia, with an introduction to the study of this group of insects. Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc., 20: 152a-272. (Key to genera of nymphs, pp. 225-227).
ID. 1928. Report on Odonata, including notes on some in- ternal organs of the larvae collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Univ. loiva Stud. Nat. Hist. 12 (2) : 1-54, Pis. I-V. (Generic keys to four Libelluline genera, pp. 15, 18; tables to spp. of Tramea and Erythcmis pp. 29, 34.)
ID. 1934. The rates of growth, larval development and seasonal distribution of dragon-flies of the genus Anax Aesh- nidae). Proc. Amcr. Philosophical Soc., 73 (1) : 1-70, 4 Pis. (Key to species of Anax, pp. 46-47.)
COWLEY, J. 1933. The larvae of the European species of Gomphus Leach. Ent. Mo. Mag. 69: 251-252, pi. vii.
DJAKONOV, A. M. 1926. [Our Libellulidae — Keys for the identification of Libellulidae and their nymphs.] In Russian. Exkursion Fauna des Leningraders Gouvernements. Moscow and Leningrade 72 pp. 8° (Paper not seen).
DUFOUR, LEON. 1852. fitudes anatomiques et physiolo- giques, et Observations sur les larves des libellules. Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) Zool. 17 (2) : 65-110, Pis. 3-5. (Statement of generic and specific characters of Aeschna 3 spp., Libcllula 2 spp., Calopterix 1 sp., Agrion 1 sp. pp. 67-73.)
ERASER, F. C. 1925. The true position of the genera Oro- gomphus and Chlorogomphus as demonstrated by a study of the larva of 0. atkinsoni and O. campioni and by a comparison of the latter with the larva of Anotogastcr nipalensis. Rcc. hid. Mus. 27 (5) : 423-429, pis. ix, x.
ID. 1933-36. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London. Odonata. Vols. I-III. (No keys to larvae, but characters of the larvae of some of the larger groups are given.)
(To be continued.)
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
Current Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY V. S. L. PATE, L. S. MACKEY and J. W. CADBURY.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless other- wise noted. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Rec- ord, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Note. References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S) at the end of the title of the paper.
The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper appeared, as numbered in the list of Periodicals and Serials published in our January and June issues. This list may be secured from the pub- lisher of Entomological News for lOc. The number of, or annual volume, and in some cases the part, heft, &c., the latter within ( ) follows; then the pagination follows the colon :
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
No. 150 in this issue is VI Congr. Internac. Ent. Madrid.
GENERAL. — Andre & Lamy. — See under Arachnida. Anon. — Damage to scientific institutions in London. [68] 92: 548. Balduf, W. V. — More ambush bug prey records (Hemiptera). [19] 35: 161-169. Blatchley, W. S.— Obituary by J. S. Wade. [10] 42: 204-208. de la Torre-Bueno, J. R. -The perfect description. [19] 35: 175. Fernald, H. T.- Comments on C. B. Williams' paper, "On 'type' specimens." [7] 33: 625. Fuller, H. S.— Black-flies bite woodchuck. [19] 35: 155. Gibson, A. — Controlling insects from the air — a review of work conducted in Canada. [150] 2: 867-872, ill. Kellogg, Vernon Lyman. — Obituary, portrait and biblio- graphy by R. W. Doane. [7] 33: 599-607. Le Cerf, F.- " Aberrations" et nomenclature. [150] 2: 943-950. Metalni- kov & Metalnikov. — Utilisation des microbes dans la hitte contre les insectes nuisibles. [150] 2: 555-566. Poche, F.— Stabilitat der wissenschaftlichen Namen oder Stabilitat der Nomenklaturregeln. [150] 2: 951-957. Quilis Perez, M.- Calculo de las fajas isocondicionales y de las lineas de maximo desarrollo para los insectos [150] 2: 447-454, ill. Influencia de los factores climaticos en el calculo de los ciclos biologicos de los insectos. [150] 2: 621-633. Reich- enow, E. — Consideraciones sobre el desarrollo de las rela- ciones ecologicas entre los artopodos y los protozoos por ellos transmitidos. [150] 2: 501-508. Sandhouse, Grace A.- In Memoriam, obituary and bibliography by Cushman and Russell. [10] 42: 187-189, ill. Scotland, M. B.— Review
lii, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57
and summary of studies of insects associated with Lemna minor. [6] 48: 319-333, ill. Scott, H. — General and zoogeo- graphical considerations regarding the Coleoptera associ- ated with giant lobelias and senecios in eastern Africa. [150] 2: 443-446. de Seabra, A. F. — Considerations sur 1'entomologie du ble. [150] 2: 607-610. Swank. G. R— See under Coleoptera. Tragardh, I. — Some problems of modern forest entomology. [150] 2: 887-890. Uvarov, B. P.- Locust as an international problem. [150] 2: 535-543, ill. Weyrauch, W. — Observaciones entomologicas en el valle de Chanchamayo y en Tingo Maria. [Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado"] 4: 346-359. Williams, C. B.— On "type" specimens. [7] 33: 621-624.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Abbott, C. E.— A
modification of the feeding reaction of Aeschna (Odonata). [19] 35: 171. Bliss, C. I. — The relation between exposure time, concentration and toxicity in experiments in insecti- cides. [7] 33 : 721-766. Finlayson & Green. — A note on the effect of certain foods upon fecundity and longevity in Microcryptus basizonus (Hymen.). [4] 72: 236-238. Nisi- kawa, Y. — The respiration of the pupa of Bombyx mori in and outside of cocoon. [Trans. Kansai Ent. Soc.] 10: 27-32.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Andre & Lamy.
— Coloration tegumentaire, ressemblance protectrice et mimetisme chez les Acariens. [150] 2: 413-439. Beier, M. — Zur Phylogenie der troglobionten Pseudoscorpione. [150] 2: 519-527. Pierce, W. D.— A rare myriapod from Anacapa Island, compared with two Texas species. [38] 158-171, ill. Senevet, G. — Quelques Ixodides de la Guyane francaise: especes nouvelles d'lxodes et d'Amblyomma. [150] 2:891-898, ill.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— Berner, L. — Ovoviviparous mayflies in Florida [Pro. Fla. Acad. Sci.] 4: 280. Byers, C. F. — A study of the dragonflies of the genus Progomphus (Gomphoides) with a description of a new species. [Pro. Fla. Acad. Sci.] 4: 19-85, ill. Carpenter, F. M. — A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, Beroth- idae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae and Dilaridae (Neurop- tera). [Proc. Amer. Acad. A. & S.] 74: 193-280, ill. (k*). Cope, O. B. — The morphology of Psocus confratemus (Psocid.). [Microent.] 5: 91-115, ill. Davis, C.— Family classification of the order EmbiopU'rn. |7| 33: f>77 <'S_>. (k). Eglin, W. — Die Neuropteren der inngchung von Basel.
58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
[Rev. Suisse Zool.] 47: 243-251. Kennedy, C. H.— Pala- emnema joanetta, a new dragonfly from Panama (Odonata). [7] 33: 626-628, ill. Milne & Milne.— A n. sp. of Rhyaco- phila described from metamorphotypes (Trichop.). [19] 35: 153-155, ill. Pieltain, C. B. — Sobre el parasitismo del Eoxenos laboulbenei. [121] 1: 304-305. Ross, E. S.— A revision of the Embioptera of North America. [7] 33: 629- 676, ill. (k*). Spieth. H. T. — Studies on the biology of the Ephemeroptera, II.— The nuptial flight. [6] 48: 379-390.
ORTHOPTERA.— Handford, R. H.— Egg deposits of a type not usually produced by Melanoplus m. mexicanus in Manitoba. [4] 72: 235. Rehn, J. A. G.— A new genus of Tropinotine locusts from Brazil (Acridid.). [Notulae Nat.] No. 66: 9 pp., ill. Spencer, G. J. — The effect of hailstorms on grasshoppers. [4] 72: 233-234.
HEMIPTERA.— Balduf, W. V.— See under General. Ball & Beamer. — A revision of the genus Athysanella and some related genera (Cicadellid.) [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 5-82, ill. (k*). Craig, F. W. — The periodical cicada in West Virginia. [W. Va. Univ. Bull.] 14: 39-43, ill. David- son & DeLong. — Studies of the gen. Empoasca (Cicadell.), VII: Six n. spp. from Mexico. [7] 33: 608-611, ill. de la Torre-Bueno, J. R. — Biological notes on Arizona Heter- optera. [19] 35: 157. Tollius vanduzeei n. sp., with notes on the genn. Tollius and Stachyocnemus (Alydidae). [19] 35: 159-161, ill. Doering. K. C.— A contribution to the taxonomy of the subfamily Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgoridae). [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 83-167, ill. (k*). Drake, C. J. — Dos nuevas especies del genero Blissus de la Argentina. [Notas Mus. de la Plata] 5: 223- 226, ill. Lindsay, D. R. — The genus Norvellina. [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 169-213, ill. (k). Oman, P. W.— Three n. spp. of Deltocephalus (Cicadell.). [10] 42: 201-203, ill. Osborn, H. — The Membracidae of Ohio. [Ohio State Univ. Studies] Bull. 37: 51-101, ill. (k).
LEPIDOPTERA.— Brown, Gabriel & Goodson.— New
forms and spp. of the gen. Catastictia. [19] 35: 170-171, (S). Busck, A. — Notes on North American Microlepidop- tera with descriptions of new genera and species. [38] 39: 87-98, ill. Clarke, J. F. G. — The European genus Moro- phaga in North America. (Tineidae). [38] 39: 114-117, ill. Comstock, J. A. — Notes on the life history of Aseptis per- fumosa. [38] 39: 104-105, ill. The early stages of Trachea
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59
fumeola, [38] 39: 106-107, ill. Notes on the early stages of Euphydryas gilletti. [38] 39: 111-113, ill. Dammers, C. M. — Euphydras chalcedona. [38] 39: 123-125. Dethier, V. G. —The final stages of Polites mystic. [38] 39: 108-110, ill. Evans, W. H. — The type of the gen. Pyrropyge (Hes- periid). [6] 48: 405-411. Fernald, H. T.— The monarch butterfly (Danaus menippe) in Florida. [Pro. Fla. Acad. Sci.] 4: 252-254. Field, W. D.— Distribution notes and comments upon a collection of Mexican Lepidoptera. [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 339-354. Fletcher, T. B.— A new California plume-moth (Alucitidae). [38] 39:99-103. Hein- rich, C. — Correction of a misused generic name (Olethreut.). [4] 72: 242-243, (*). Kane, H. B.— An American Silk- worm. [Nat. Hist.] 47: 19-23, ill. Klots, A. B.— A new Brenthis from Alaska (Nymphal.). [6] 48: 413-414. Mc- Dunnough, J. — A new Pseudexentera from hickory (Eucosmid.). [4] 72: 243-244, ill. Medlar, W. P.— Notes on the life histories of two western North American moths. [38] 39: 118-122, ill. Sweetman, H. L.— The migration of a Pierid butterfly in Texas. [19] 35: 173-174.
DIPTERA.— Erikson, G. E. — See under Hymenoptera. Fairchild, G. B. — Notes on Tabanidae from Panama: II.— The gen. Dichelacera and related genn. [7] 33: 683-700, ill. (k*). Notes on the Simuliidae of Panama. [7] 33: 701-719, ill. (k*). Haeussler, G. J. — See under Hymenoptera. Haseman & McLane. — The history and biology of the juniper midge (Contarinia juniperina). [7] 33: 612-614, ill. Hinman, E. H. — The problem of races of Anopheles quadri- maculatus in the United States. [150] 2: 937-942. Huckett, H. C. — The North American spp. of the genn. Leucophora and Proboscimyia (Muscid.). [6] 48: 335-365, ill. (k*). Martini, E. — Beziehungen der Anopheles maculipennis Rassen zur Umwelt und zur Malarialage. [150] 2: 903-909. Steyskal, G. — Additional specimens of Lasia purpurata (Acrocerid.). [19] 35: 158. Vargas, L. — El indice maxilar en algunos Anopheles americanos. [Rev. Inst. de Salubrid. y Enferm. Trop., Mexico] 1 : 275-289.
COLEOPTERA. — Balthasar, V. — Neue Phanaeus-Arten. [Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol.] 9: 238-247. Eine vorstudie zur monographic der gattung Canthon. [Folia Zool. et Hydro- biol.] 9: 179-238. Bruch, C. — Miscelaneas entomologicas. [Notas Mus. de la Plata] 5: 193-206, ill. Darlington, P. J. — Stomus pumicatus in America (Carabid.). [4] 72: 252.
60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '41
Fiedler, C. — Die sudamerikanischen arten der gattung Acalles (Cryptorhynchid.). [Mitt. Munchner Ent. Gesell.] 30: 820-842. (*). Henderson, L. S.— A revision of the genus Listronotus (Curculionid.). [Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.] 26: 215-337, ill. (k*). Jeannel, R.— Sur la distribution geographique des Catopidae. [150] 2: 493-499, ill. Linsley, E. G. — A reclassification of the tribe Obriini of Leconte (Cerambyc.). [6] 48: 367-377, (k*). Mansour, K.— The classification of the Coleoptera and post-embryological re- search. [150] 2: 405-411, ill. Saylor, L. W.— Synoptic re- vision of the beetle genn. Cotalpa and Paracotalpa of the U. S. with description of a new subgen. (Scarab.). [10] 42: 190-200, ill. (k*). Soraci, F. A.— Distribution in New Jersey of (Myllocerus) Corigetus? castaneus (Curculion.). [6] 48: 318. Swank, G. R. — A method of mounting small beetle genitalia. [4] 72: 238-240, ill. Ting, P. C.— Revisional notes concerned with Cimbocera and related genera. (Curculionid.). [38] 39: 128-157, ill. (*). Wenzel, R. L.— A genus of histerid beetles new to the United States. [91] 30: 516-519, ill. Zariquiey Alvarez, R. — Observaciones sobre la copula en los Bathysciinae (Silphid.). [150] 2: 441-442.
HYMENOPTERA.— Brown, R. W.— The comb of a wasp nest from the upper cretaceous of Utah. [Amer. Jour. Sci.] 239: 54-56, ill. Clausen, C. P. — The oviposition habits of the Eucharidae. [91] 30: 504-516, ill. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Bees obtained by the Los Angeles Museum-Biological Survey. [38] 39: 172. Erikson, G.^E.— The Tipulid prey of a Crabronid. [19] 35: 172. Finlayson & Green. — See under Anatomy. Gaul, A. T. — A note on the biology of Polisti- phaga arvalis (Ichneumon.). [4] 72: 240-242. A note on rearing the brood of Polistes fuscatus (Vesp.). [6] 48: 391- 393. Haeussler, G. J. — Parasites of the Oriental fruit moth in Japan and Chosen and their introduction into the United States. [U. S. Dept. Agric.] Tech. Bull. 728: 62 pp., ill. Michener, C. D. — A new carpenter bee from the Great Basin Region. (Xylocopidae). [38] 39: 126-127. Pate, V. S. L. — Three new Nyssonine wasps from the southwestern United States (Sphecidae). [Notulae Nat.] No. 63: 7 pp. Rau, Phil. — Co-operative nest-founding by the wasp Pol- istes annularis. [7] 33: 617-620.
SPECIAL NOTICES.— Entomophagous insects. By C. P. Clausen. McGraw-Hill. 688 pp., ill.
EXCHANGES
This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for
advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices
not exceeding three lines free to subscribers.
These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued.
Wanted. — Nitidulidae for determination or exchange. Correspondence desired with those who will collect. H. R. Dodge, 78 Anne Street, Clintonville, Wisconsin.
Wanted. — To hear from specialists who would care to determine some family of insects for a share of the duplicates. We have many specimens, especially in some families of Diptera and Hymenoptcra. H. E. Jaques, Iowa Insect Survey, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.
Insects from Northern Korea. — I will collect insects for specialists in certain groups upon their request; very rich fauna; rates reason- able. Address: Mr. Alexander M. Yankovsky, Shuotsu-Ompo, Korea, Japan.
Wanted — Living specimens of the luminous beetle Phengodes this summer. E. Newton Harvey, The Biology Dept, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
Malacodermata (except Lycidae and Cleridae) of the world. Will determine and purchase. Also exchange against Col. or all other insects from Bolivia. Walter Wittmer, Casilla 852, La Paz, Bolivia, S. America.
I want to collect Rothschildia, agapema, gulfina and io moths and Texas butterflies for interested persons. Eula Frizzell, R 4 San Benito, Texas.
Wanted — To hear from collectors who desire extra good cocoons of Michigan Platysamia Columbia, that will emerge June, 1941. W. S. McAlpine, 575 Townsend St., Birmngham, Michigan.
Wanted — Specimens of the genus Trox from North America. Will exchange or determine for duplicate material. Mark Robinson, 231 Cherry St., Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania.
Lepidpptera — From the South, including P. palamedes, T. halesus and E. juctmda to exchange for fauna from other localities. H. W. Eustis, 2230 McDowell St., Augusta, Georgia.
Wanted — Egg cases of preying mantids. Correspondence desired with those who will collect. Osmond P. Breland, Department of Zoology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
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The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna.
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RECENT LITERATURE
FOB SALE BY
THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLEOPTERA
1075. — Robinson (M.) — Studies in the Scarabaeidae. II. (66:
141-159, figs., 1940) 40
DIPTERA
1064.— Fisher (E. G.)-— Costa Rican Mycetophilidae. (65: 227-
236, 1 pi., 1939) 20
1063. — James (M. T. O.) — The genus Dolichopus in Colorado.
(Dolichopodidae). (65: 209-226, 1939) .35
HYMENOPTERA
1078. — Bequaert (J.) — Notes on oriental Polistes wasps. (Ves
pidae). (66: 265-273, figs., 1940) 20
680— Franklin (H. J.)— The Bombidae of the New World.
(38: 177-486; 39: 73-200, 1913) 10.00
1067. — Hopper (H. P.) — A synoptical revision of the tribe Trogini of the U. S. and Canada (Ichneumonidae). (65: 307-346, 1 pi., 1939) 80
1071.— Krombein (K. V.)— Studies in the Tiphiidae. IV. A revision of the Myrmosinae of the New World, with discussions of the Old World species. (65: 4-1 5-465; - 1 pi., 1939) 1.00
1066. — Linsley and Michener. — A revision of the No. Amer.
Nomadidae. (65: 265-305, 4 pis., 1939) .80
1068. — Michener (C. D.) — A revision of the genus Neolarra
(Nomadidae). (65: 347-362, ill.. 1939) 35
1028. — Pate (V. S. L.) — Studies in the Pemphredonine wasps. , I. New gen. and sps. of the Ammoplanoid complex (Sphecidae). (Trans., 63: 89-125, 2 pis.. 1937) . . .80
1072.— Pate (V. S. L.): — The taxonomy of the Oxybeline wasps. (Sphecidae). L. A revision of the gen. Belomicroides, Brimocles and Belomicrus, with particular reference to the Nearctis sps. (66: 1-99, 2 pis.. 1940). 1.80
1077. — II. The classification of the gen. Belomicrus and
Enchemicrum. (66: 209-264, figs., 1940) 1.00
LEPIDOPTERA
1079. — Braun (A. F.) — Notes and n. sps. in the Yponomeutoid
group (Microlepidoptera). (66: 273-282, figs., 1940) . .20
1076. — Fox (R. M.) — A generic review of the Ithomiinae.
(Nyrnphalklae). (66: 161-207, 4 pis.. 1940) 1.00
1060. — Williams and Bell. — New sps. of Pel'icia. with remarks
on the genus (Hesperiidae). (65: 135-159. ill.. 1939 .50
1074. — New Neotropical Hesperiidae and notes on others. (66:
121-140, figs., 1940) AO
NEUROPTERA.
1065.— Rehn (J. W. H.). — Studies in the No. Amer. Mantis-
pidae. (65: 237-263, 1 pi., 1939) 60
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
MARCH, 1941
Vol. LII No. 3
CONTENTS
Williams — The Relations of the Spermatophore to the Female Repro- ductive Ducts in Lepidoptera . . . 61
Hayes — A Bibliography of Keys for the Identification of Immature
Insects. Part II. Odonata 66
Rau — A Population Study of a Bumblebee Colony, Bombus american-
orum Fabr. (Hymen.: Bombidae) 70
Pyle — Triungulins of a Rhipiphorid Beetle Borne by Elis quinque-
cincta Fabr. (Coleoptera) 74
F"orbes — Does He Stridulate? (Lepidoptera; Eupterotidae) 79
Denning— Descriptions of Three New Species of Mexican Chimarrha
(Trichoptera : Philopotamidae) 82
Calvert — Cardinal Feeding on a Mantid (Orthoptera : Mantidae). . . 85 Current Entomological Literature 86
Review of Buxton's The Louse, an account of the lice which infest
man, their medical importance and control 88
Obituary— Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, Charles William Leng, Dr. Levi
W. Mengel, Samuel Henshaw, . . 90
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ENT. NEWS, VOL. LI I.
Plate I.
SPERMATOPHORES AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DUCTS, LE PI DOPTER A- WILLIAMS.
Fig. 1. Scepsis fitk'icoUis, 2. Apantcsis urge, 3. Isia -Isabella, 4. Ilstignienc acraca, 5. Pcridroiiiu margaritosa, 6. Platyscuta •I'idens, 7. Se/iinia inaryiiiata, 8. Antograplia hrassicac, 9. Cato- cala palaeo(/aiua, 10. C. ainafri.r, 11. Plathypena scahra, 12. Coryphista nicadi f badiaria, 13. l^lasealii finilclla, 14. Carpo- capsa pomonella. 15. Halisidota tessellaris, 1C>. //. curvac. 17. Pandeinis liiiniaht.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. LII MARCH, 1941 No J>
The Relations of the Spermatophore to the Female Reproductive Ducts in Lepidoptera.
By JOSEPH L. WILLIAMS, University of Pennsylvania and
Lincoln University, Pennsylvania.
(Plate I.)
Spermatophores of Lepidoptera have been known for many years. Balbiani, Hagen, Norris and Stitz discuss them in con- nection with their principal subject. The first study devoted entirely to spermatophores is that of Petersen, 1907. The only other work on this subject is that of the author, 1939. Higher Lepidoptera have the seminal duct extending from the bursa copulatrix or its duct to the vagina. The sperms follow this path from the Spermatophore in the bursa to the vagina and thence to the spermatheca. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship of the Spermatophore to the bursa copulatrix and to the seminal duct.
I wish to thank Dr. Philip P. Calvert for his kindness dur- ing the progress of this investigation, Mr. John W. Cadbury, 3d. for identifying the specimens and Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., for criticisms and helpful suggestions.
Females were captured by means of a light trap described by the author, 1939. The reproductive organs were dissected in physiological salt solution and the contents of the bursa ob- served. The diagrams were drawn with the aid of a camera lucida using the same power of the same microscope through- out.
Although the shapes of the bursa and Spermatophore vary to a considerable degree even in the same family, the females observed, according to this study, are of classes A. 15 and C. Class A is composed of those females having the Spermato- phore in direct communication with the seminal duct. Since most of the females observed belong to this class, the burvi and Spermatophore of only a few serving as types are figured.
61
;
62
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[March, '41
Some specimens had more than one spermatophore ; each rep- resents a pairing, but only one at a time communicates with the seminal duct (fig. 6). Members of class B do not have the spermatophore communicating directly with the seminal duct, but with a duct that leads to a secretion-filled reservoir.1 The seminal duct extends from this reservoir to the vagina. A last class of primitive moths C has no seminal duct. The spermato- phore opens into the bursal duct, which extends to the vagina. The anatomy of this type is given in a forthcoming paper.
The insects are taxonomically arranged in descending order. Names used are those of the McDunnough check list unless otherwise indicated.
Class A
Macro-lepidoptera Superfamily Noctuoidea Family Amatidae Scepsis fnlvicollis Hbn. Fig. 1
Family Arctiidae Subfam. Arctiinae Apantcsis argc Dru. Fig. 2
Isia Isabella A. & S. Fig. 3
Estigmenc acrea Dru. Fig. 4
Family Phalaenidae Subfam. Phalaeninae Agrotis ypsilon Rott2 Feltia subgothica Haw. Peridroma margaritosa Haw.,
Fig. 5
Subfam. Hadeninae Scotogramma trifolii Rott. Polia subjuncta G. & R. P. legitima Grt. P. renigera Steph. Orthodes sp. ?
Ccramica picta Harr. Protoleucania albilinea Hbn.
Subfam. Amphipyrinae Agroperina hclva Grt. Oligia fractilinca Grt. Platysenta vidciis Gn. Fig. 6
Elaphria grata Hbn. Anorthodcs tar da Gn. Galgnla partita Gn. Prodenia ornithogalli Gn. Ogdoconta cincreola Gn.
Subfam. Heliothiinae Hcliothis obsoleta Fabr. Schinta arcigera Gn.3 S. marginata Fig. 7
Subfam. Acontiinae Erastria carneola Gn.
Subfam. Plusiinae Autographa brassicac Riley Fig. 8 A. oo*
1 Bursa usually without any secretion. In these species it is only the reservoir that is filled with a secretion.
• Bursa and spermatophore similar to that of Peridroma margaritosa Haw.
3 Bursa and spermatophore similar to that of S. marginata.
* Bursa and spermatophore similar to that of A. brassicae.
Hi, '41]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
63
Subfam. Catocalinae Catocala palaeogama Gn. Fig. 9 C. amatrix lib. Fig. 10
C. ultronia Hb.5 Cacnurgina crassiuscitla Haw. Anomis sp.
Subfam. Hypeninae Plathypena scabra Fabr. Fig. 11
Subfam. Herminiinae Blcptina caradrinalis Gn. Pal this atigitlalis Hbn.
Family Notodontidae Dasylophia anguina A. & S.
Superfamily Bombycoidea6 Family Lasiocampidae Lasiocainpa qucrcus L.7
L. callunae*
Gastropacha qiiercifolia L. Cosmotriche potatoria L. Malacosoma a-mcricana Fabr.7 M. ncnstria L.7
Superfamily Geometroidea
Family Geometridae
Subfam. Sterrhinae Hacinatopis grataria Fabr.
Subfam. Larentiinae Coryphista tneadi i. badiaria Hy. Edw., Fig. 12 Subfam. Ennominae Sciniothisa nigrocominae Warr. Vitrinclla panipinaria Gn. Micro-lepidoptera Superfamily Pyralidoidea Family Pyralidae Subfam. Pyraustinae Des-inia fnneralis Hbn. Nomophila noctuclla D. & S. Loxostcge siinilalis Gn. Phlyctaenia ferntgalis Hbn.
Subfam. Chrysauginae Galasa nigrinodis Zell. Subfam. Crambinae Chilo puritellus Kit.
Subfam. Phycitinae Tlascala finitclla Wlk. Fig. 13
Ephcstia kiihniclla Zell.
Superfamily Tortricoidea Family Olethreutidae Subfam. Laspeyresiinae Carpocapsa pomonella L. Fig. 14
Class B
H. caryae Harris Fig. 16
Superfamily Tortricoidea Family Tortricidae Pandemis liinitata Rob.
Fig. 17
Macro-lepidoptera Superfamily Noctuoidea Family Arctiidae Subfam. Arctiinae Halisidota tessellaris A. & S.
Fig. 15
Class C
Without a seminal duct. Tcgcticula alba Zell.
Superfamily Incurvarioidea (=yiicciisi'll<i Rik-y)
Family Prodoxidae Proxodus quinquepunctella Cham.
Members of the superfamily Incurvarioidea have the spcrm- atophore opening into the bursal duct, which extends to the vagina.
5 Bursa and spermatophore similar to that of C. anuitri.v.
6 All members of this superfamily except /!/. anicrictiixi are from Mey rick's revised handbook of British Lepidoptera, London, 1928.
' The spermatophore is too small to be certain of its relation to the seminal duct.
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
In the three species listed under class B, it might he argued that the secretion-filled reservoir is not a part of the bursa copulatrix, hut a swollen part of the seminal duct. Such a dis- tinction is of comparative morphological interest. It is only a forensic argument here. Whatever the morphological homol- ogy'of this reservoir may be, it is functionally the same; namely a secretion-filled sac through which the sperm must pass in order to reach the narrow duct leading to the vagina. In this sense they are exceptions to the general rule in the higher lepidoptera. A comparison of the bursa copulatrix and seminal duct of Carpocapsa poinonclla (fig. 14) and Panel cmis limi- tata (fig. 17) suggest that in the Tortricoidea at least the secretion-filled reservoir had best be considered a pouch on or just off the seminal duct.
SUMMARY.
61 species representing 52 genera in 18 subfamilies of 9 families of 6 superfamilies of Lepidoptera were examined. The six superfamilies were Noctuoidea (39 species), Bombycoidea (6 species), Geometroidea (4 species), Pyralidoidea (8 species), Tortricoidea (2 species) and Incurvarioidea (2 species). Two types of relationship of the spermatophore to the seminal duct were noted. (1) In 56 of the species repre- senting all superfamilies except Incurvarioidea, the spermato- phore opens into the seminal duct. (2) In only three species, one of which is debatable, representing two genera (1 Noctu- oid and 1 Tortricoid) the spermatophore does not open directly into the seminal duct. In these the open end of the spermato- phore connects with a secretion-filled reservoir; this reservoir in turn connecting with the seminal duct.
The spermatophore, of course, is secreted by the male at the time of pairing. It is so formed and hardened in the bursa copulatrix of most Lepidoptera that the sperm leaving its open end pass directly into the seminal duct leading to the vagina. Thus the first stage of the frequently torturous wandering of the sperm within the female moth is assured by the structure of the spermatophore, as already reported by Norris and Peter- sen. But in rare cases the spermatophore empties into a secre-
1H. '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65
tion-filled reservoir in turn connecting with the seminal duct. In these exceptional cases the first stage of sperm migration cannot be so simple. How sperm may traverse such a secre- tion-filled reservoir is not known.
The most primitive families of moths have a fundamentally different type of female reproductive system. One of these, the Yucca Moth, is being treated in a separate paper. No seminal duct is present. The spermatophore opens into the bursal duct, which extends to the vagina.
LITERATURE CITED.
BALBIANI, E. G. 1869. Stir le mechanisme de la feconda- tion chez les Lepidopteres. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 68, pp. 781-84.
HAGEN, H. 1882. t)ber ein eigenthiimliches Organ in der Begattungstasche zweier Tineiden. Zool. Anz. 5, pp. 18-21.
NORRIS, M. S. 1932. Contributions towards the study of Insect Fertility — The structure and operation of the repro- ductive organs of the genera Ephcstia and Plod'ui ( Lepidop- tera, Phycitidae) Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 595-611, 5 pis.
PETERSEN, \Y. 1907. Uber die Spermatophoren der Schmet- terlinge. Zs. wiss. Zool. 88, pp. 117-30, 1 pi. 2 fig. in text.
STITZ, H. 1901. Der Genitalapparat der Mikrolepidopteren. Zool. Jahrbucher, 14, pp. 135-76, 5 pis.
WILLIAMS, J. L. 1939. The occurrence of spermatophores and their measurements in some British Lepidoptera. Trans. Soc. British Ent, 6, part 6, pp. 137-48, 2 pis.
ID., (in press) The internal genitalia of Yucca Moths, and their connection with the alimentary canal.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Parts of the reproductive organs of the species indicated at the bottom of the plate and in the list on pages (>2-f>3.
Abbreviations: M, Bursal cavity; N, Bursal duct ; ( ). Neck of spermatophore ; S, Seminal duct ; T, Reservoir ; U, Head of spermatophore ; W, Reservoir.
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
A Bibliography of Keys for the Identification of Immature Insects. Fart II. Odonata.
By WM. P. HAYES. (Continued from page 55.)
GARMAN, P. 1917. Zygoptera or damselflies of Illinois. Bull. Til. State Lab. Nat. Hist. 12 (4): 411-587, Pis. Iviii- Ixxiii. (Various keys to genera and species).
ID. 1927. The Odonata or dragonflies of Connecticut. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part V, Hartford, Conn. Gcol. & Nat. Hist. Survey Bui., 39: 1-331, 67 figs., pis. i-xxii. (Various keys to families, genera and species).
HAGEN, H. A. 1853. Leon Dufour iiber die Larven der Libellen mit Beriicksichtigung der fruheren Arbeiten. Stett. Ent. Zcit. 14: 98-106, 237-238, 260-270, 311-325, 334-346. (Statement of characters of families, genera and species of Libellulidae 9 spp., Gomphidae 2 spp., Aeschnidae 7 spp., Calopterygidae 1 sp., Agrionidae 2 spp., pp. 261-270, 311-313.)
ID. 1880. Essai d'un synopsis des larves de Calopterygines. C. R. Soc. Ent. Bclg. 33 ; Ixv-lxvii. Also separately pp. 5-7. (Brief statements of characters of two "legions", 7 genera and subgenera, pp. Ixv-lxvi.)
ID. 1885. Monograph of the earlier stages of the Odonata (Subfamilies Gomphina and Cordulegastrina). Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soc., 12: 249-291. (Key to genera p. 249, characters of the twoi subfamilies, pp. 286, 287).
HOWE, JR., R. H. 1922. Odonate Larvae of New England. Psyche 29: 1 p. supplement. Oct. -Dec. [Pictorial key to Anisopteran Nymphs or Larvae.]
ID. 1925. Pictorial key to the Larvae. (Libellulidae and Cordulegasterinae). Psyche 32: Supplement not paged. Dec.
ID. 1917-1923. Manual of Odonata of New England. Mem. Thoreau Mus. Concord, Mass., Vol. 2. 8 parts, 138 pp. and supplement. .(Nymphs in Parts VI and VII?).
ID. 1927. Memoir of the David Mason Little Memorial Museum of Natural History I. Manual of the Odonata of New England Part III. Larvae-Anisoptera. (Larvae of the Cordulegasterinae, Macromiinae & Corduliinae, pp. 139-149.)
lii, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67
JACOBSON, G. G. & BIANCHI, V. L. 1905. [Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera of the Russian Empire]. St. Petersburg, A. F. Levrien. (Key to larvae as far as some families and sub- families only p. 846. Entirely in Russian.)
KARXV, H. H. 1934. Biologic der \Yasserinsekten, etc. F. Wagner, Wien. 311 pp. (Key to genera and species, pp. 103- 105).
KARSCH, F. 1893. Die Insecten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinterlande von Togo (\Yestafrika) nach dem von den Herren Hauptmann Eugen Kling ( 1888 und 1889) und Dr. Richard Biittner (1890 und 1891) gesammelten Materiale, u. s. w. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 38: 1-266, 6 pis., 35 text figs., 1 map. (Keys to 11 spp. nymphs, pp. 41-48.)
KENNEDY, C. H. 1915. Notes on the life history and ecol- ogy of the dragonflies (Odonata) of Washington and Oregon. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 49: 259-345. 201 figs. (Many compara- tive notes on nymphs. Key to species of Macromia, p. 322).
ID. 1917. Notes on the life history and ecology of the dragonflies (Odonata) of Central California and Nevada. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 52: 483-635, 404 figs. (Many comparative notes on nymphs. Key to species of Ophiogomphus, p. 544. Comparative figs, of nymphs 4 spp. Goiuplnis, pp. 571, 573, and 2 spp. Acslina, pp. 585-590.)
ID. 1924. Notes and descriptions of naiads belonging to the dragonfly genus Helocordnlia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 64 (12) : 1-4, pi. 1.
ID. 1936. The habits and early stages of the dragonfly, Gomphaeschna furcillata Say. Proc. Indiana Acad. Scl. 45: 315- 322, figs.
KLOTS, E. B. 1932. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Odonata or Dragonflies. Scicn. Surv. Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, xvi (i) Ne^t> York Acad. Sci. 107 pp., 7 pis. (Keys to some groups.)
LAMB, L. 1924. A tabular account of the differences be- tween the earlier instars of Pantala flarcscens (Libelluliilur. Odonata). Trans. Amcr. Ent. Soc., 50: 289-312, pi. \. i Key to instars of this species, p. 309).
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
ID. 1929. The later larval stages of Pantala. Trans, cited 55: 331-333.
LAMPERT, K. 1910. Das Leben der Binnengewasser. 2te Auflage Leipzig, 856 pp. (Key to genera, p. 198). (Ite Auf- lage 1899.)
LIEFTINCK, M. A. 1930. Fauna Buruana; Odonata III. A review of the dragonfly-fauna of Boeroe, in the Moluccas, with descriptions of new or interesting species, and an account of their larvae. Treubia, 7 Suppl. (6) : 305-330, pis., vi-ix 8 figs. (Comparative table for Anax fumosus and guttatus larvae, p. 329.)
ID. 1931. A revision of the genus Epophthalmia Burm. (Corduliinae), with notes on habits and larvae. Treubia 13 (1) : 21-80, 1 col. pi., 29 figs. (Key to larvae of 3 spp., p. 73.)
ID. 1932. Notes on the larvae of two interesting Gomphi- dae from the Malay Peninsula. Bull. Raffles Mus. Singapore 7 : 102-115, 2 figs., pis. ii-iv. Comparative table for larvae 2 spp. of Sicboldius, p. 106.)
ID. 1933. The life history of Procordulia artcmis Lieft. with comparative notes on the biology of P. sumbawana (Forster). Intern. Rev. gcsammt. Hydrobiol. u. Hydrogr. 28 (5/6) : 399-435, 14 figs. (Comparative statement of the larvae of the 2 spp., p. 433.)
ID. 1934. Notes on a few Gomphidae from the Indo-Aus- tralian Archipelago, with descriptions of new spp. and larvae. Tijds. Ent. 77: 18-36, 7 figs. (Comparative statement of larvae of 2 spp. of Mesogomphus, p. 23.)
ID. 1940. Revisional notes on some species of Copcra Kirby, with notes on habits and larvae (Platycneminidae). Treubia 17 (4) : 281-306, pis. 10-14, 1 map, 5 figs. (Comparative state- ments and figs, of larvae of 2 spp. of Copcra, pp. 301-303.)
LONGFIELD, CYNTHIA. 1937. The dragonflies of the British Isles, i Warne, London & New York, 220 pp., 38, pis. (The nymph of each sp. is described, but there are no keys.)
LUCAS, W. J. 1900. British dragonflies (Odonata). Gill, London, 356 pp., 57 figs., 27 color, pis. (Key to nymphs, pp. 40-44, 330-331.)
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69
ID. 1930. The aquatic (naiad) stage of the British dragon- flies. Ray Soc. Vol. 117, London. Dulau and Co., Ltd., xii, 132 pp., 30 figs., 35 pis. (Key to species, pp. 19-25.)
MARTIN, ROSEMARY D. C. 1939. Life histories of Agrion acquabilc and Agrion maculatum (Agriidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32 (3) : 601-619, 5 figs., 3 tables, pis. i-iv. (Tables ii and iii give measurements of nine organs of 12 successive in- stars for these 2 spp. respectively.)
MAY E. 1933. Libellen oder Wasserjungfern (Odonata) In Die Ticrivelt Dcutschlands und dcr angrenzcndcn Mecrcs- tcilc. Part 27, iv, 124 pp., 134 figs. (Keys to families, genera and species, pp. 87-117.)
MUNCHBERG, P. 1930. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Biologic der Odonaten Nordostdeutschlands, I. Die Biologic des Genus Sympctrum Newm. Sitsbcr. Gcs. naturf. Frcunde 1930 (4/7) : 205-234, figs. (Key to 4 spp. p. 233.)
ID. 1930. Zur Biologic der Odonatengenera BracJiytron Evans und Acsclina Fbr. Zweite Mitteilung der "Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Biologic der Odonaten Nordostdeutschlands." Ztschr. Morph. Okol. Ticre 20 (1) : 172-232, 15 figs. (Com- parative descriptions of larvae of B. hafnicnse and 7 spp. Aeschna.)
ID. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Biologic der Libellen- unterfamilie der Cordulinae Selys. Intern. Rei>. ycsamt. Hydro- biol. u. Hydrogr. 27 (2/3), 265-302, 11 figs. (No keys, but tables showing differences between last 5 instars of Cordulia aenca, p. 283, and first 12 instars of Sonwtochlora mctallica, p. 287.)
ID. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Biologic der Odonaten- familie der Gomphidae Bks. Ztschr. Morph. Okol. Ticrc 24 (3/4) : 704-735, 12 figs. (No keys; table of differences be- tween last 4 larval instars of Ophiogomphus serpentinus, p. 725.)
ID. 1933. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Biologic der Lestinae Calv. Intern. Rev. gcsaint. Plydrobiol. u. Hydrog. 28 (3/4) : 141-171, 12 figs. (Tables give body lengths of successive in- stars of Sympcnna fusca, p. 161, Lestes 2 spp., pp. 164-169.)
ID. 1938. Ueber die Entwicklung und die Larve der Libelle Sympctrum pcdcnwntanum Allioni. zugleich ein Beitrag ueber die Anzahl der Hautungen der Odonatenlarven. Arch. Xatur- gcsch. (N. F.) 7: 559-568, 2 figs. (No keys; table with data on 1st to 9th exuviae of .9. pcdcmontamnn, pp. 561-562.)
(To be continued.)
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
A Population Study of a Bumblebee Colony, Bombus americanorum Fabr. (Hymen.: Bombidae).
By PHIL RAU, Kirkwood, Missouri.
This is a population study of one colony of Bombus ameri- canorum Fabr., removed on August 23, 1939, from its nest at Pacific, Missouri. While this species normally nests in the ground, this one was found in an old rodent's domicile in the hollow portion of a fallen log near a field of red clover.
Important studies in population problems of social insects have been made by such able investigators as Emerson1, Boden- heimer2, and others, but the life conditions of social insects are so intricate and the studies of colonies so difficult that many data must yet be gathered before extensive generalizations may be made. In regard to population studies of bumblebees, Boclen- heimer says that "no reliable data are yet known on the dura- tion of development, on longevity, or on total egg-production" and that the "lack of the relation between the number of cells and the number of individuals in the nest is even greater than in the wasps". For certain species of American bumblebees, however, Plath3 and Frison4 have recently supplied many of the missing data ; but even so, the last word has not yet been said on bumblebee populations ; therefore, when I had the opportunity to take a colony of B. americanorum late in the season, I decided to gather what information I could add to the meager knowledge of bumblebee populations.
The date when the nest was taken, August 23, is about four weeks before the colonies break up for the winter; that is if the information which Frison obtained for this species in Illinois holds also for Missouri, which is quite likely. The colony as taken was complete except for .three workers, which spent the night away from home and were taken on their return next morning.
1 Population of Social Insects. Ecological Monographs 9 : 287-300, 1939.
2 Population Problems of Social Insects. Biol. Rev. 12 : 393-430, 1937.
* Bumblebees and Their Ways. pp. 199, N. Y., 1934.
* A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Bionomics of Bremus americanorum. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 23 : 644-665, 1930,
Hi, '41] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71
The food reserves in the nest were scanty; there were only four cocoons full of honey, and one full and three half full cocoons of pollen. In addition, six others gave evidence of having at one time served as pollen containers. None of the containers were sealed. These were the old cocoons from which insects had emerged and were later used as containers.
Frison, who has very thoroughly worked up the life history of B. amcricanorum, says that Psithyrus variubilis is the com- mon social parasite of this bumblebee. I looked carefully for evidence of this parasite in the colony but found none ; nor was there any evidence of damage done by other parasites. Only a few foreigners were found in the nest ; one caterpillar that might have been J'itiila cdmandsii (since it resembled a figure in Plath's book) ; four adult beetles, Har pains herbivngus Say. (L. L. Buchanan det.), whose interest in the nest could not be determined; a half-dozen nymphs and a half-dozen empty egg cases of the woodroach Parcoblatta sp. The beetles and roaches were evidently scavengers and probably in no way injured the colony.
A CENSUS OF THE COLONY. Immature Population.
Eggs ; two batches totaling
Larvae ; small, about V2 grown or less 26
Larvae ; medium, males or workers in act of spinning cocoons Larvae; large, queens in act of spinning cocoons. . . .
Large cocoons containing adult queens 58
Thirty-five of the above were fully pigmented and winged, ready to emerge as adults ; 23 had white bod it--, some of which were just beginning to become pig- mented. Large cocoons containing quiescent larvae of queens. .
Cocoons with workers 0
Cocoons ; small, with male pupae
Of the 48 listed above, 8 were fully formed ready to emerge, 17 were only partly pigmented, 23 were com- pletely white. Small cocoons with quiescent larvae (sex unknown). . . . 46
Since the sixe of adult workers and adult males are the same ( Plath ) one may legitimately expect the
72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
cocoons also to be the same size for both castes ; therefore, the 46 listed above may be either males or workers.
Total of immature organisms in colony. .238
LS
Adult Population.
Foundress queen; only one in colony with frayed wings. ... 1
Adult workers; dried pinned specimens, 14 to 17 mm.5. ... 95
Dwarfed workers.6 4
Young queens; dried, pinned specimens, 20-22 mm 26
Young queens; dried, pinned specimens, about 18 mm 3
Workers which returned next day. 3
Total number of adults in colony 132
The tables show that the immature organisms totaled 238 and the adults 132, thus giving a grand total for the colony of 370. How many of the immature organisms would have reached maturity before the coming of winter is not known; it probably would depend upon climatic conditions. At any rate, the colony at that late date would, have no use for addi- tional workers, and actually we do not find any immature workers in the nest, granting that the 46 small cocoons with larvae, whose sex could not be determined, are males. If these 46 larvae are males, then the colony would have had, before the close of the season, a population of 94 males ; they would then almost have equaled the workers in number, whose total was 102.
It is interesting to note that there were no males in the nest on August 23, but that 29 new queens were there. The emerging date for males was still some time off because of the 48 males still within their cocoons, only eight were so far along in their development as to have the bodies pigmented. In con-
5 Measurements of adults of this species according' tu Plath (p. 164) are : queens 22 mm., workers 17 mm., males 17 mm.
* There were four dwarfed workers in this colony and Prison (p. 660) finds that workers of this species produced in the early part of the season are often very small. For certain social wasps (Ecology 20: 440, 1939) it was found that workers of the first brood, probably due to undernourishment are often of small size.
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trast to this when queen cocoons were cut open it was found that 35 out of the 58 were completely formed, with wings ex- panded, and ready to emerge. In this nest, at least, the queens became adult sometime before the males.
It is also interesting to note that while 29 adult queens were in the nest, there were, in addition, 85 cocoons (58, 17, and 10; see table) which contained immature queens that would have emerged before the close of the season had the colony not been disturbed. This would have given a total of 114 queens. Since apparently there would have been no more worker bees becom- ing mature, our total population of workers is 102. This colony, then, would have produced before the end of the summer 114 queens and 102 workers.
An item of much importance, also, in a colony of this kind is the amount of mortality among the bees during the working season. In populations of social insects generally, it is not always easy to study the relation of the number born to the number that survive to the end of the season. In bumblebees, however, a study of this kind is comparatively easy, since each adult leaves behind a telltale cocoon from which it hatched, and unlike other social insects, the cells are not used a second time for brood. Therefore when we counted 132 adults in the colony, we would expect to find 131 empty cocoons in the not (deducting 1 cocoon for the queen which was born elsewhere). A count actually gave us 137 empty cocoons, showing that the total loss of adult insects for the summer was only six. A sepa- ration of the cocoons into two sizes, queen cocoons and worker cocoons, showed no loss of queens ; there were 29 queens in the colony and 29 large empty cocoons. The six bumblebees that had been lost, came from among the worker caste. The lack of mortality of the queens was only to be expected, since thev were young and had probably spent no time outside the nest. The mortality among worker bees is indeed low and proves, for this colony at least, that in a world of enemies, Boinhus aincri- cauonun with her big body, flashy colors, audible hum and severe sting holds her own very well.
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
Triungulins of a Rhipiphorid Beetle Borne by Elis quinquecincta Fabr. (Coleoptera).
By ROBERT W. PYLE, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Among the specimens of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymen- optera collected at Sycamore Mills (near Philadelphia), Penn- sylvania, during August, 1938, were a male and female Elis quinquecincta Fabricius. Subsequent examination of the Hymenoptera disclosed the fact that each of these two speci- mens had four triungulins attached to it. On the male one was attached to the hairs of the right side of the clypeus, one to the hairs of the prothorax, and one between the tarsal claws of each middle leg. The female Elis bore two attached to the hairs of the prothorax, one at the apex of the right hind wing, and one on the basal portion of the left hind wing on the anal vein.
These triungulins had been killed, as was the host, in a cyanide bottle and were quite dry when discovered. They were cleared in potash and mounted in gum damar, and probably be- long to the genus Rhipiphorus; they may be described as follows :
Length 0.34 mm., width 0.12 mm. Body uniformly intensely black with the eyes slightly darker. The entire body much flattened dorso-ventrally, about twice as wide as thick through- out.
Head triangular, one-twelfth wider than long; the front border forming a blunt point. Eyes set upon the posterior corners of the head, and appearing, in specimens cleared in potash, to be composed of four or five ommatidia of more or less uniform size. Antennae three-jointed, cylindrical; a small basal joint, a short second joint, and the third joint more than twice as long as the second. Two apical setae, one much larger than the other, are set in the apex of the second joint. The apical seta of the third joint is long and extremely thin, its apex seen only after careful scrutiny under an oil immersion lens. The antennae and setae are about as long as the head. The palpi are about one-fourth the length of the head, three- jointed; joints cylindrical. Mandibles large, somewhat tri- angular, bluntly pointed; concealed beneath the head when
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closed and capable of overlapping slightly. They are set, on the posterior border, into a socketlike depression. Labrum with a number of setae along the ventral exposed portion. There is also one ventral in front of each antenna, one ventral back of each eye, and one along each side of the median ventral groove that runs the entire length of the head passing dorsad to the closed mandibles.
Thorax about as long as the abdomen ; prothorax the longest, and metathorax the shortest. Each sternum is armed, on the anterior portion, with two very heavy bristles, one on each side.
The abdomen is relatively short in comparison to its width and is composed of nine segments in addition to an apical membranous process. Each segment bears a number of setae on the posterior margin ventrally ; these are arranged in tour longitudinal rows on each side with another row on the lateral margins of the segments. In addition to these the eighth seg-
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
ment bears laterally a pair of long bristles. The dorsal part of the body is devoid of bristles or setae.
The legs are about one-half the length of the body, and about equal in size. The femora are somewhat thickened, the tibiae more slender, and the tarsi apparently composed of three slender joints supported by a process equally long, but even under oil immersion their structure is exceedingly difficult to ascertain. Each part of the leg bears a number (4-8) of bristly hairs of varying lengths.
The method of attachment of these triungulins to the host is the same as has been described by Brues (1924) for Horia m-aculata Swed. Several hairs, or in some cases one hair, are grasped in such a way that they pass along the median ventral groove of the head dorsad to the mandibles which close below them. That this method of attachment is secure is attested by the fact that the specimen attached to the apex of the hind wing of the female Elis was extended at an angle and the legs were directed posteriorly. This wasp, being a fairly rapid flyer, must have given her passenger quite a dizzy ride. No ridges were observed on the mandibles as is the case of Horia inacu- lata.
Reference of these triungulins to the genus Rhipiphorus is based upon a few distinguishing characteristics. Rhlpiphorus is the only genus in which the eyes are set upon the posterior corners of the head with the antennae just anterior to them (Boving and.Craighead, 1931, p. 281, figs. E. & G.). In all other genera the antennae are located upon the anterior half of the head with the eyes either upon the anterior half or near the middle. In some the eyes are located upon the posterior corners, but the antennae are well forward. Cros (1920) states that the numbers of ocelli are good characters for dis- tinguishing between the various triungulins. He states the Sitarini possess two ocelli, RJripiphoridac three, Macrosiagon, Emmenadia, Rhizostylops four, Stylops several and the other Mcloidac (Horiini, Mcloini, Lyttini*) one. Boving and Craig- head (1931), on the other hand, figure (p. 281 fig. E.) Rhipi- phorus solidagims Pierce with five ocelli. The triungulin in question has four or five ; the exact number being difficult to
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determine due to their extremely small size. It seems that the position of the eyes and antennae rather than the numher of ocelli is a better character for distinguishing this genus from closely related ones. Chobaut (1919) figures Rliipidins dcnsi (p. 204), but although the eyes are located upon the posterior corners of the head the antennae are far forward. R. dcnsi also possesses many more bristles than the triungulin in question.
The mandibles of this triungulin are broader than those shown, in most figures, and do not correspond well with those figured by Boving and Craighead (1931). This difference, I believe, is due to the amount of clearing done in potash. The anterior border of the mandible is much thicker than the pos- terior portion. Consequently, at first sight the mandibles appear to be thin hooked structures and it is only after detailed study of a number of specimens that the posterior portion is evident. The position of the mandibles eliminates the possibility of these specimens belonging to the Ep-icauta or Macrobasis as described by Milliken (1921), since the mandibles of those genera are visible from above at all times. In the specimen in question the mandibles are well concealed by the labrum when closed. Other genera, Tetraouy.r, Zonitis Horia, Mcloc, with the mandibles placed so that they are not visible from above, have the anten- nae and the eyes located more toward the anterior portion of the head; this distinguishes them from Rhipiphorus. As is common with all genera having the mandibles so placed, these triungulins have a median ventral groove running the entire length of the head on the ventral surface. It is in this that the hair of the host is pressed by the mandibles.
The tarsus is worthy of note. It appears to be composed of three more or less equal joints which are supported by an equally long process. The structure of the tarsus is very diffi- cult to determine, even using an oil immersion lens, and its clarity depends upon the amount of clearing in potash. Cros (1920) states that the specimens of Mdoini he observed pos- sessed tarsi which terminated in three similar curved claws, of equal thickness or sometimes with the median one stouter and straight. These types he termed "en fourche" and "en trident
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | March, "41
de Neptune". Brues (1924) describes the tarsus pf Horia rnaculata as "reduced to a single curved claw on each leg". Pierce (1904) describes Rhipiphorus (Myodites auct.} solid- aginis, Pierce : "Tarsus apparently three-jointed with a long claw, almost entirely concealed by a large, transparent, fleshy, elliptical sucker which is double its length." The triungulin found upon Ells also has the tarsus three-jointed, but the so- called sucker is only as long as the tarsus. Unfortunately, Pierce's figures are not sufficiently detailed to show the form of the tarsus in that species.
The presence of these triungulins, genus Rhipiphorus, upon both male and female Elis qumquecincta led me to examine other specimens of this wasp to see if they also bore triung- ulins. Accordingly, I examined the collection of Prof. C. T. Brues, which he so kindly placed at my disposal. This series contained specimens taken in various parts of the United States from Texas and Chicago eastward. In no case was I able to discover any triungulin upon any of the specimens in this collection, although they had been taken at various times during the entire season. This is not, however, the first case of triungulins having been found associated with wasps. Barber (1915) has noted Macrosiagon flavipennis in the cocoon of the wasp, Bcmbe.r spitwlac. The presence of these Rhipi- phorid triungulins upon Elis qninquccincta can probably be explained as a case of mistaken host as the Elis were taken while feeding upon some flowers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
BARBER, H. S. 1915 — Macrosiagon flavipennis in Cocoons of Bern hex spinolae Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 17: 187-88.
BOVING, A. G. and F. C. CRAIGHEAD. 1930-1 — An Illus- trated Synopsis of the Principal Larval Forms of the Order Coleoptcra. Entom. Americana v. 11: 1-351.
BRUES, C. T. 1924 — Triungulin Larvae from the Williams Galapagos Expedition. — Zoologica V (11) 125-36.
CHOBAUT, A. 1919 — Description des deux sexes, de 1'oeuf et de larve primaire d'un nouveau Rhipidius de Provence. Bull. Soc. Entom. de France, 1919 p. 200-206, 2 figs.
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CROS, AUGUST. 1920 — Notes sur les larves primaire des Meloidae avec indication de larves nouvelles. Ann. Entom. Soc. France vol. 88: 261-79.
MILLIKEN, F. B. 1921— Results of Work on Blister Beetles in Kansas. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. No. 967.
PIERCE, W. D. 1904 --Some Hypermetamorphic Beetles and their Hymenopterous Hosts. — Univ. of Nebraska Studies 4: 153-90.
Does He Stridulate? (Lepidoptera : Eupterotidae).
By WM. T. M. FORBES, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Tamphana marmorca Schaus is a striking little moth, more or less related to the North American Apatdodcs, — one of the odd American group which has, roughly speaking, the vena- tion and strong frenulum of the Notodontidae, larva of the Lasiocampidae and appearance of the Bombycidae, — a group which I should rate as a subfamily of Eupterotidae, though Schaus places it with the Bombycidae1.
For the Apatelodinae as a whole the genitalia are of normal character: uncus well developed and articulated with the in- flated tegumen, as in Bombycidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, etc. ; valves well developed, normal in character and articulation, their inner side articulating with a transtilla above and a normal juxta below ; tegumen and vinculum forming a normal ring, the latter with a more or less distinct saccus ; gnathos showing a slight peculiarity in being often continuously chitinized with the tegumen, though the two elements show separate systems of sculpture in Olccclostcra, at least.
The genera as a whole fall into two groups, which do not correspond to the venational groups used in "Seit/.",, but do correspond with the few known larvae. In the first, typified by Epla, the eighth segment is highly modified, chitinized, and
1 See Seitz's "Macrolepidoptera of the World" vol. vi, pp. 675, 692, pi. 89, fig. k8.
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
toothed or spined dorsally and ventrally ; uncus reduced and more or less membranous, and aedeagus long and slender ; but the valves, while a little reduced in size and simplified, are normal in general structure, position, attachments, and obvi- ously in function. The larvae show masses of very character- istic hair-scales. Qucntalia is typical of this group, which includes Anticla, Zcnwla, Colla and Epia. In the last two the specialization has gone further and the last two segments are hopelessly fused.
The other type is that of true A pat clod 'cs. The uncus is strongly chitinized and clearly articulated, is most often forked, and plainly fully functional ; the eighth segment is unmodified, the aedoeagus very short and stout, usually simple, and the valves are large and complex, often showing some trace of a clasper, and typically with a hairy lobe projecting posteriorly from the costal articulation. The known larvae have tufts and pencils of fine hair. A pat clod cs, Olceclostera,'Arotros, Drap- atclodcs, Colabata, Compsa and Drcpatelodes belong to this group, though with some variation, — Compsa, e.g., has lost the juxta.
Tamphatia (see figure 1) falls quite outside this picture. The uncus is as reduced as in any Epiine, but is wholly separate from the large inflated tegumen, which latter has large rough lateral extensions. The eighth segment is not chitinized dor- sally or ventrally, but has two lateral chitinizations on its inner face, ending below in hooks {Accessory sclent c of the figure) ; I can find no juxta, transtilla or gnathos, but on the other hand the saccus is longer than in any other Apatelodine. Most extraordinary of all are the valves. The main part of these, corresponding to valvula, sacculus and clasper, are reduced to two little hairy lobes, the right one subsessile, the left attached by a slender stem, and both obviously functionless rudiments ; but above these there are two unsymmetrical and highly chiti- nized masses, attached by a broad sliding articulation to the side lobes of the tegumen, and extending up nearly to meet the sides of the uncus. The right one is broader at the base, occupying the whole midventral line, and ends ventromesally
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Tequmen
• kcessoru — Sclerite
Arti cul ati on_|_ J? _J
SXridulatorq Scraper
Lef t Co ft a
Vinculum_ _\V._1_
SQCCUS
rti culation
-Stridulatoru File
ftiyttt Costa.
_Valve Proper
Fig. 1. Male genitalia of Tanipluiiia nuinnorca.
in a black horizontally striated knob; while the left one over- lies it, is narrower, less obviously striated (the faint striations are not shown in the figure) and ends mesally in a blunt ridge which lies on the striated area of the right one.
This has all the appearance of a stridulatory organ, with file and scraper ; and we hope some good field observer in Panama or elsewhere will report on the mating behavior. The species is not too rare at Barro Colorado Island, though only males are before me.
It is also a curious problem how mating is managed in this species; the uncus and valves, which together form the usual clasping apparatus, are obviously non-functional; there is no adequate modification of the eighth segment to take their place.
82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, '41
I may only note that the aedeagus is tremendously developed, ending in a heavy circular hook. It would doubtless be strong enough to hold an attachment, but it is a mystery how it could be engaged and disengaged.
Descriptions of Three New Species of Mexican Ghimarrha (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae).
By DONALD G. DENNING, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. In December, 1938, Mr. Janus Ridley made a short collecting trip into northeastern Mexico. While collecting in the Mexican state, Nuevo Leon, approximately 200 miles south of the Texas border, three new species of Chimarrha were taken. I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Nathan Banks for examining these specimens, and to Mr. Ridley for presenting them as a gift to the University of Minnesota.
Chimarrha betteni n. sp.
$ . — Wing expanse 13 to 16 mm. Head blackish, thorax, antennae, palpi and legs fumose. Setae of head and thorax black and light brown. Wing membranes fumose, black setae quite dense along costal portion of wings and sparsely scattered over remainder. Three hyaline areas, devoid of setae, distri- buted over f orewings as follows : a narrow nearly straight line extending from fork of R2+3 to! M3 ; a wide V-shaped spot, at fork of Mi+2 and M3 ; a short narrow line just beyond tip of Anal veins. Ocelli small and inconspicuous. Second segment of maxillary palpus with a group of long stout black setae distally, extending almost two-thirds length of third segment of maxillary palpus. Spurs 1-4-4; spur of foreleg small and inconspicuous. Venation typical for genus.
Genitalia as in Fig. 1. Eighth tergite heavily sclerotized curved ventrad distally with a median laminate process extend- ing to the cercus, curving anteriorly and fusing to the antero- dorsal angle of tenth tergite, distal margin of this process much more heavily sclerotized than remainder ; eighth tergite, on each side of this median process, produced caudad into a thin, flat ovate projection, bearing a few rather long setae. Sternite of ninth segment heavily sclerotized, almost completely covered by eighth sternite, ventral lamina narrowly attenuated. Ninth tergite heavily sclerotized, sickle-shaped, curved caudad dis- tally ; bearing the semi-ovate cercus along posterior margin ;
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entire margin of cercus and ninth tergite with a brush of dense rather long setae ; proximally this tergite fused to postero- ventral angle of eighth tergite. Small ovate structure, covered with small setae, between distal end of ninth and tenth tergites, barely discernible when viewed laterally. Tenth tergite extend- ing caudad over aedeagus, saddle-shaped, posterior margin curved dorsad about even with cercus. Clasper small, narrow, widest portion about three times width of base; ventral margin elongated dorsad into blunt finger-like projection, dorsal margin with two short blunt angulations. Aedeagus weakly sclerotized, distally two splinter-like sclerites.
9 . — Wing expanse 16 mm. Very similar in size, color and general characteristics to male.
Holotypc — Male, Villa Allende, Nuevo Leon, MEXICO, De- cember 6, 1938, (Janus Ridley). Deposited in University of Minnesota collection. Allotypc — Female, same data as for holo- type. Parat\pes — 2 males, same data as for holotype .
Chimarrha ridleyi n. sp.
$ . — Wing expanse 10 mm. Head, thorax and antennae blackish, setae of head and thorax brown ; palpi and legs fumose. Wing membranes fumose, short black pubescence very sparsely scattered. Four small hyaline areas distributed over forewings as follows: a narrow line extending from fork R^r, to M]+2; a rounded hyaline spot near fork of Mi+2 and M3 ; a narrow line a short distance beyond this fork, and extending across cell ML. ; a, relatively wide line near tip of Anal veins extending from near Cu to margin of wing. Ocelli small and inconspicuous. Second segment of maxillary palpus with a group of stout black setae distally extending almost one-fourth length of third segment of maxillary palpus. Spurs 1-4-4. spur of fore tibia relatively stout and prominent. Venation typical for genus.
Genitalia as in Fig. 2. Ninth segment heavily sclerotized, sternite broadly triangular, proximal fifth covered by eighth segment, ventral lamina short, triangular, bearing a few, small, fine setae; dorsally ninth tergite narrowed; to about one-fourth width of eighth tergite, along lateral margin an anteriorly directed blunt angulation. Tenth tergite relatively simple, com- posed of a pair of narrow plates, extending caudad about two- thirds length of aedeagus, postero-ventral corner shortly attenuated; dorso-distal portion with a small, wide, flattened triangular projection; distally tenth tergite weakly sclerotized. Small rounded clasper, base of tenth tergite, bears a few long
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fine setae. Clasper with base narrow, greatly widened distally, postero-dorsal corner elongated dorso-caudad ; postero-ventral corner blunt, directed ventrad ; distal margin serrate, it and rounded ventral margin bearing fairly long, fine, light-colored setae, concave inner surface with no setae.
Holotype — Male, Villa Allende, Nuevo Leon, MEXICO, De- cember 6, 1938, (Janus Ridley). Deposited in University of Minnesota collection.
Chimarrha pylaea n. sp.
$ . — Wing expanse 12 mm. Head and thorax blackish, an- tennae black, palpi and legs fumose. Setae of head and thorax dark brown. Wing membranes fumose. covered with short black sparse pubescence. Five small hyaline areas, all devoid of setae, distributed over the forewing as follows : a small spot along RI near fork of Ro+3 and R4+s ; a narrow line extending from fork R4+r, to MU2; a small round spot at fork of Mi+o and MS; a narrow line, just beyond this fork extending from M1+o across to M3 ; a fairly wide line near tip of Anal veins extending from near Cu to margin of wing. Ocelli small and inconspicuous. Second segment of maxillary palpus with a group of stout black setae distally, extending1 slightly less than one-fourth length of third segment of maxillary palpus. Spurs 1-4-4; spur of fore tibia relatively stout and prominent. Vena- tion typical for genus.
Terminalia of males of Chimarrha, left lateral views : 1. Ch. betteni n. sp., 2. Ch. ridlcyi n. sp., 3. Ch. pylaea n. sp.
Genitalia as in Fig. 3. Sternite of ninth segment heavily sclerotized, ventral lamina short, triangular, directed slightly dorsad, a few fine setae present, dorsally ninth tergite narrowed to about one-tenth width of eighth tergite, lateral margin with an acute angulation directed anteriorly. Clasper convex, pos-
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tero-ventral angle fingerlike, curved dorsad, almost reaching ventral margin of aedeagus; proximo-dorsal angle wide, blunt, directed dorsad ; viewed laterally two small teeth along distal margin; mesal margin serrate entire length. Convex outer surface with a few fine setae along margins, concave inner sur- face with no setae. Tenth tergite a thin narrow plate, gradu- ally tapering ventro-caudad, extending caudad about two-thirds length of aedeagus; proximal half of plate moderately sclero- tized, distal half only weakly sclerotized. Small rounded cercus, at base of tenth tergite, bearing a few long fine setae. Distal portion of aedeagus with a dorso-caudad directed lobe, bearing a small splinter-like sclerite.
Holotypc —